DOCSLIB.ORG

Institution of Electrical Engineers. Further Details Can Be Obtained

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

No. 4276 October 13, 1951 NATURE 641 life-history, ecology, population studies, fishery and Gold Coast), senior assistant conservator of forests, utilization and includes observations on autotomy Gold Coast; J. M. Cave (assistant agricultural and autoplasy; a large female with a carapace­ officer, British Honduras), agricultural superintendent, length of 13·5 cm. is estimated to produce 549,000 St. Vincent, Windward Islands ; C. A. Lea (assistant eggs. No. 8 is a paper that should prove of use to director, Meteorological Services, Federation of zoologists everywhere. It contains a bibliography Malaya), director, Meteorological Services, Federation which is complete from Delius and Linrneus (both of Malaya; N. A. MacHattie (forester, Tanganyika), 1758) up to and including 1949; it comprises 1,216 superintending forester, Tanganyika; R. H. Ball entries and is a valuable compilation. There is also and P. Bradshaw, agricultural officers, Nigeria; a key for the whole of the Collembola carried down D. V. Chambers, R. Frank, W. G. Mathewson and to genera ; and, as the characters given are only J. Russell, agricultural officers, Tanganyika; T. J. those essential for generic identification, the name of Forbes and K. Landskroner, agricultural officers, each genus is followed by that of its author, the date Gold Coast; R. N. Green, agricultural officer, and a number in brackets referring to the citation of Somaliland Protectorate; G. Heys, agricultural t hat publication in the bibliography in which the officer, Nyasaland; A. J. Jones, entomologist, original definition of the genus is to be found. This Tanganyika; R. Knight, plant breeder, West African work is additionally welcome because it provides the Cocoa Research Institute, Gold Coast; C. J. Piggott, first review of the entire order since the memoirs of soil cl}emist, Sierra Leone; P. B. N. Jackson, Borner in 1906 and 1913. scientific officer, Northern Rhodesia; W. N. Scott, veterinary officer, Uganda; E. A. Thomas, veterinary British Contribution to Television : Convention officer, Tanganyika ; R. M. Bredon, nutritional in London chemist (Veterinary Department), Uganda; J. O. THE Radio Section of the Institution of Electrical Egerton, assistant conservator of forests, Federation Engineers is arranging a convention on "The British of Malaya; J. G. Harris, assistant conservator of Contribution to Television", to be held in London forests, Nigeria; G. M. Higgins, agricultural soil at the Institution during April 28-May 3, 1952. The chemist, Nigeria.; K. A. Hirst and A. B. Law, whole field of television will be covered in nine sessions, meteorologists, Northern Rhodesia; W. A. Sands, each approximately two hours in duration, at which scientific officer, Termite Research, East Africa High a survey ~aper and a number of supporting papers Commission; Miss A. G. Smith, meteorological will be discussed. First there will be a histmical assistant, Bermuda; T. J. Tanner, meteorological paper and a broad survey paper to act as an intro­ officer, Northern Rhodesia; T. W. Tinsley, plant duction to the whole convention, and this will be pathologist, West African Cocoa Research Institute, followed by sessions as follows : programme origina­ Nigeria; V. J. Weston, soil scientist, Nigeria; W.R. tion, point-to-point transmission, broadcasting sta­ Williams, senior geologist, Tanganyika ; R. A. M. tions, propagation, receiving equipment (two sessions), Wilson, geologist, Cyprus. non-broadcasting applications, and system aspects. In addition to these technical sessions, there will be Announcements a number of visits to industrial and other appropriate WE regret to announce the death on October 6 organizations. Proofs of all papers should be available of Prof. 0. F. Meyerhof, For.Mem.R.S., formerly shortly before the meeting. The convention will be director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physiology, open to all ; those who are not members of the Heidelberg, and recently research professor of bio­ Institution will be required to pay a registration fee. chemistry, University of Pennsylvania. The proceedings of the convention will be published H .M. ,THE KING OF in four issues of Part IIIA of the Proceedings of the DENMARK has bestowed upon Dr. Institution of Electrical Engineers. Further details D. A. Allan, director of the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, the decoration can be obtained from the Institution of Electrical of Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog, in recognition of his Engineers, Savoy Place, London, W.C.2. work in furthering the knowledge of Danish culture in Colonial Service : Recent Appointments Great Britain and his co-operation with the Danish THE following appointments in the Colonial Service national museums and kindred institutions. have recently been announced: E. F. Allen and THE Council of the Illuminating Engineering E. J. H. Berwick (agricultural officers, Federation of Society has awarded the Leon Gaster Memorial Malaya), senior agricultural officers, Federation of Premium for 1951 to Mr. H. vV. Cumming, of the Malaya; H. Gillman (senior agricultural officer, Research Laboratories of Siemens Electric Lamps and Tanganyika), deputy director of agriculture, Nyasa­ Supplies, Ltd., Preston, for his paper entitled "The land; R. W. Kettlewell (deputy director of agricul­ Extension of the Gas Arc Condition". ture, Nyasaland), director of agriculture, Nyasaland; ON the recommendation of Sir Alfred Egerton, A. B. Killick (director of agriculture, Uganda), director of the Salters' Institute of Industrial professor of agriculture and director of studies, Chemistry, the following awards have been ma.de Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad ; for the year 1951-52: Salters' F ellowships: Dr. A. F. Mackenzie (senior agricultural officer, Sierra A. P. C. Cumming and Raymond Grafton; Salters' Leone), deputy director of agriculture, Sierra Leone; S cholarship : Malcolm McLeman. De W. N. Scott (agricultural officer, Federation of Malaya), senior agricultural officer, Federation of THE Sindicato Vertical de Industrias Qufmicas is Malaya; D. Thornton (senior agricultural officer, holding a conference in Barcelona during November Tanganyika), chief soil conservation officer, Tangan­ 8-15 on "Safety and Hygiene in Chemical Industry yika; A. C. Brooks (chief chemist, Federation of from the Point of View of the Manager, Technician Malaya), director of chemistry, Federation of Malaya; and Operative" . Further details can be obtained I. A. Beveridge (senior assistant conservator of from the secretary-general of the conference, Sindicato forests, Gold Coast), conservator of forests, Gold Provincial de Industrias Quimicas C.N.S., Via Coast; D. C. Duff (assistant conservator of forests, Layetana, 18 Barcelona. © 1951 Nature Publishing Group.
Recommended publications
  • Federal Constitution of Malaysia

    Federal Constitution of Malaysia

    LAWS OF MALAYSIA REPRINT FEDERAL CONSTITUTION Incorporating all amendments up to 1 January 2006 PUBLISHED BY THE COMMISSIONER OF LAW REVISION, MALAYSIA UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE REVISION OF LAWS ACT 1968 IN COLLABORATION WITH PERCETAKAN NASIONAL MALAYSIA BHD 2006 Laws of Malaysia FEDERAL CONSTITUTION First introduced as the Constitution … 31 August 1957 of the Federation of Malaya on Merdeka Day Subsequently introduced as the … … 16 September 1963 Constitution of Malaysia on Malaysia Day PREVIOUS REPRINTS First Reprint … … … … … 1958 Second Reprint … … … … … 1962 Third Reprint … … … … … 1964 Fourth Reprint … … … … … 1968 Fifth Reprint … … … … … 1970 Sixth Reprint … … … … … 1977 Seventh Reprint … … … … … 1978 Eighth Reprint … … … … … 1982 Ninth Reprint … … … … … 1988 Tenth Reprint … … … … … 1992 Eleventh Reprint … … … … … 1994 Twelfth Reprint … … … … … 1997 Thirteenth Reprint … … … … … 2002 Fourteenth Reprint … … … … … 2003 Fifteenth Reprint … … … … … 2006 Federal Constitution CONTENTS PAGE ARRANGEMENT OF ARTICLES 3–15 CONSTITUTION 17–208 LIST OF AMENDMENTS 209–211 LIST OF ARTICLES AMENDED 212–229 4 Laws of Malaysia FEDERAL CONSTITUTION NOTE: The Notes in small print on unnumbered pages are not part of the authoritative text. They are intended to assist the reader by setting out the chronology of the major amendments to the Federal Constitution and for editorial reasons, are set out in the present format. Federal Constitution 3 LAWS OF MALAYSIA FEDERAL CONSTITUTION ARRANGEMENT OF ARTICLES PART I THE STATES, RELIGION AND LAW OF THE FEDERATION Article 1. Name, States and territories of the Federation 2. Admission of new territories into the Federation 3. Religion of the Federation 4. Supreme Law of the Federation PART II FUNDAMENTAL LIBERTIES 5. Liberty of the person 6. Slavery and forced labour prohibited 7.
  • Malaysia, September 2006

    Malaysia, September 2006

    Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Malaysia, September 2006 COUNTRY PROFILE: MALAYSIA September 2006 COUNTRY Formal Name: Malaysia. Short Form: Malaysia. Term for Citizen(s): Malaysian(s). Capital: Since 1999 Putrajaya (25 kilometers south of Kuala Lumpur) Click to Enlarge Image has been the administrative capital and seat of government. Parliament still meets in Kuala Lumpur, but most ministries are located in Putrajaya. Major Cities: Kuala Lumpur is the only city with a population greater than 1 million persons (1,305,792 according to the most recent census in 2000). Other major cities include Johor Bahru (642,944), Ipoh (536,832), and Klang (626,699). Independence: Peninsular Malaysia attained independence as the Federation of Malaya on August 31, 1957. Later, two states on the island of Borneo—Sabah and Sarawak—joined the federation to form Malaysia on September 16, 1963. Public Holidays: Many public holidays are observed only in particular states, and the dates of Hindu and Islamic holidays vary because they are based on lunar calendars. The following holidays are observed nationwide: Hari Raya Haji (Feast of the Sacrifice, movable date); Chinese New Year (movable set of three days in January and February); Muharram (Islamic New Year, movable date); Mouloud (Prophet Muhammad’s Birthday, movable date); Labour Day (May 1); Vesak Day (movable date in May); Official Birthday of His Majesty the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (June 5); National Day (August 31); Deepavali (Diwali, movable set of five days in October and November); Hari Raya Puasa (end of Ramadan, movable date); and Christmas Day (December 25). Flag: Fourteen alternating red and white horizontal stripes of equal width, representing equal membership in the Federation of Malaysia, which is composed of 13 states and the federal government.
  • Historical Development of the Federalism System in Malaysia: Prior to Independence

    Historical Development of the Federalism System in Malaysia: Prior to Independence

    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 75 2016 International Seminar on Education, Innovation and Economic Management (SEIEM 2016) Historical Development of the Federalism System in Malaysia: Prior to Independence Wan Kamal Mujani * Wan Hamdi Wan Sulaiman Department of Arabic Studies and Islamic Civilization, Department of Arabic Studies and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies Faculty of Islamic Studies The National University of Malaysia The National University of Malaysia 43600 Bangi, Malaysia 43600 Bangi, Malaysia [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—This article discusses the development of the Australia etc. According to the book Comparing Federal federalism system in Malaysia prior to independence. During its Systems in the 1990s, Bodin states that even though this administration in Malaya, the British introduced the residents system requires city-states to hand over territorial sovereignty system to facilitate administrative affairs there. Hence in 1895, to the central government, this does not mean that the the Treaty of Federation was made and the Federated Malay territories will lose their identities. Meanwhile, the book States was formed by the British. The introduction of this treaty Decline of the Nation-State asserts that this type of marks the beginning of a new chapter in the development of the administrative system became more influential when the federalism system in Malaya. One of the objectives of this United States of America, which became independent from research is to investigate the development of the federalism British influence in 1776, chose this system to govern the vast system in Malaysia prior to independence. This entire research country.
  • Educational Patterns in Colonial Malaya Author(S): Charles Hirschman Source: Comparative Education Review, Vol

    Educational Patterns in Colonial Malaya Author(S): Charles Hirschman Source: Comparative Education Review, Vol

    Educational Patterns in Colonial Malaya Author(s): Charles Hirschman Source: Comparative Education Review, Vol. 16, No. 3 (Oct., 1972), pp. 486-502 Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Comparative and International Education Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1186779 Accessed: 03-04-2016 19:55 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press, Comparative and International Education Society are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Comparative Education Review This content downloaded from 128.95.104.109 on Sun, 03 Apr 2016 19:55:58 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms EDUCATIONAL PATTERNS IN COLONIAL MALAYA* CHARLES HIRSCHMAN BACKGROUND MOST "THIRD WORLD" NATIONS share a common past and a similar orientation to the future. Direct rule by the colonial powers of the West has given way to in- dependence only in the last decade or two. Independence has usually been ac- companied by a new emphasis on economic and social development to enhance the welfare of the people. However, the heritage of the past often constrains the future. The influence of the colonial experience upon a nation's economic, po- litical and social institutions continues long after formal independence, often to the detriment of the nation's professed social and economic objectives.
  • The German Colonization of Southwest Africa and the Anglo-German Rivalry, 1883-1915

    The German Colonization of Southwest Africa and the Anglo-German Rivalry, 1883-1915

    University of Nebraska at Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Student Work 7-1-1995 Doors left open then slammed shut: The German colonization of Southwest Africa and the Anglo-German rivalry, 1883-1915 Matthew Erin Plowman University of Nebraska at Omaha Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork Recommended Citation Plowman, Matthew Erin, "Doors left open then slammed shut: The German colonization of Southwest Africa and the Anglo-German rivalry, 1883-1915" (1995). Student Work. 435. https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork/435 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Work by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DOORS LEFT OPEN THEN SLAMMED SHUT: THE GERMAN COLONIZATION OF SOUTHWEST AFRICA AND THE ANGLO-GERMAN RIVALRY, 1883-1915. A Thesis Presented to the Department of History and the Faculty of the Graduate College University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts University of Nebraska at Omaha by Matthew Erin Plowman July 1995 UMI Number: EP73073 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI Blsaartalibn Publish*rig UMI EP73073 Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author.
  • Unhcr > Global Trends 2018

    Unhcr > Global Trends 2018

    2018 IN REVIEW Trends at a Glance The global population of forcibly displaced increased by 2.3 million people in 2018. By the end of the year, almost 70.8 million individuals were forcibly displaced worldwide as a result of persecution, conflict, violence, or human rights violations. As a result, the world’s forcibly displaced population remained yet again at a record high. MILLION FORCIBLY as a result of persecution, DISplacED 70.8 WORLDwiDE conflict, violence, or human rights violations at end-2018 25.9 million refugees 20.4 million refugees under UNHCR’s mandate 5.5 million Palestine refugees under UNRWA’s mandate 41.3 million internally displaced people1 3.5 million asylum-seekers 37,000 13.6 MILLION NEW DISPLACEMENTS NEWLY DISPLACED EVERY Day 4 IN 5 An estimated 13.6 million people The number of new displacements Nearly 4 out of every 5 refugees were newly displaced due to conflict was equivalent to an average of lived in countries neighbouring their or persecution in 2018. 37,000 people being forced to flee countries of origin. This included 10.8 million individuals their homes every day in 2018. displaced2 within the borders of their own country and 2.8 million new 1 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre refugees and new asylum-seekers. of the Norwegian Refugee Council. 2 Ibid. 3 The number of new individual asylum applications for Turkey does not include Syrian 3.5 nationals who receive protection under the MILLION Temporary Protection Regulation and relates 16% to applications submitted to UNCHR until 10 September 2018, when the government ASYLUM-SEEKERS assumed full responsibility for registration and Countries in developed regions refugee status determination.
  • Tanzania-Zambia Railway: Escape Route from Neocolonial Control? Alvin W

    Tanzania-Zambia Railway: Escape Route from Neocolonial Control? Alvin W

    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Anthropology Faculty Publications Anthropology 1970 Tanzania-Zambia Railway: Escape Route from Neocolonial Control? Alvin W. Wolfe [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/ant_facpub Part of the Anthropology Commons Scholar Commons Citation Wolfe, Alvin W., "Tanzania-Zambia Railway: Escape Route from Neocolonial Control?" (1970). Anthropology Faculty Publications. 10. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/ant_facpub/10 This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the Anthropology at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. f.~m NONALIGNED THIRD WORLD ANNUAL 1970 ';;~~: Books International ot DH-T~ %n~ernational St. Louis, Missouri, USA . \ ESCAPE ROUTE ALVINW. WOLFE* THE FIRST REQUISITE for African development is that African countries combine what little wealth and power they have toward the end of getting a greater share of the products of world industry. They may be able to get that greater share by forcing through better terms of trade or better terms in aid, but they will never get any greater share by continuing along present paths, whereby each weak and poor country "negotiates" separately with strong and rich developed countries and supranational emities such as the World Bank and major private companies. If they hope to break thos.e ne,ocolonial bonds, Africans must unite-
  • Migrated Archives): Ceylon

    Migrated Archives): Ceylon

    Colonial administration records (migrated archives): Ceylon Following earlier settlements by the Dutch and Despatches and registers of despatches sent to, and received from, the Colonial Portuguese, the British colony of Ceylon was Secretary established in 1802 but it was not until the annexation of the Kingdom of Kandy in 1815 that FCO 141/2180-2186, 2192-2245, 2248-2249, 2260, 2264-2273: the entire island came under British control. In Open, confidential and secret despatches covering a variety of topics including the acts and ordinances, 1948, Ceylon became a self-governing state and a the economy, agriculture and produce, lands and buildings, imports and exports, civil aviation, railways, member of the British Commonwealth, and in 1972 banks and prisons. Despatches regarding civil servants include memorials, pensions, recruitment, dismissals it became the independent republic under the name and suggestions for New Year’s honours. 1872-1948, with gaps. The years 1897-1903 and 1906 have been of Sri Lanka. release in previous tranches. Below is a selection of files grouped according to Telegrams and registers of telegrams sent to and received from the Colonial Secretary theme to assist research. This list should be used in conjunction with the full catalogue list as not all are FCO 141/2187-2191, 2246-2247, 2250-2263, 2274-2275 : included here. The files cover the period between Open, confidential and secret telegrams on topics such as imports and exports, defence costs and 1872 and 1948 and include a substantial number of regulations, taxation and the economy, the armed forces, railways, prisons and civil servants 1899-1948.
  • Annual Report of the Colonies, Northern Rhodesia, 1931

    Annual Report of the Colonies, Northern Rhodesia, 1931

    COLONIAL REPORTS-ANNUAL No. 1592 ANNUAL REPORT ON THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROGRESS OF THE PEOPLE OF NORTHERN RHODESIA, (For Reports for 7929 and 1930 see Nos. 1516 and 1561, respectively, Price 2s. od. each). Crown Copyright Reserved LONDON PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE To be purchased directly from H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses Adastral House, Kingsway, London, W.C.a; iao, Gecrge Stiect, Edinburgh a York Street, Manchester; i, St. Andrew's Crescent, Cardiff 15, Donegall Square West, Belfast or through any Bookseller 1932 Price 2s. od. Net 58-I592 ANNUAL REPORT ON THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROGRESS OF THE PEOPLE OF NORTHERN RHODESIA, 1931 CONTENTS. Chapter Page- I.—GEOGRAPHY, CLIMATE, AND HISTORY 2 IT. •—GOVERNMENT ... 6 IH.™POPULATION ... ... 7 IV—HEALTH 8 V.—HOUSING 10 VI.—PRODUCTION ... ... 12 VII.—COMMERCE 23 VIII.—WAGES AND COST OF LrvrNG 27 IX.—EDUCATION AND WELFARE INSTITUTIONS ... 29 X .—COMMUNICATIONS AND TRANSPORT ... ., 31 XI— BANKING, CURRENCY, AND WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ... 30 XII.—PUBLIC WORKS 37 XIII.—JUSTICE, POLICE, AND PRISONS 38 XIV.—LEGISLATION 40 XV—PUBLIC FINANCE AND TAXATION 46 MAP CHAPTER I. GEOGRAPHY, CLIMATE, AND HISTORY. Geography, The territory known as the Protectorate of Northern Rhodesia lies between longitudes 22° E. and 33° 33' E. and between latitudes 8° 15' S. and 18° S. It is bounded on the west by Angola, on the north-west by the Belgian Congo, on the north-east by Tanganyika Territory, on the east by the Nyasaland Protectorate and Portuguese East Africa, and on the south by Southern Rhodesia and the man­ dated territory of South-West Africa, comprising in all an area that is computed to be about 288,400 square miles.
  • SUPPLEMENT No. 2A 1961 No. 59 JUDICIAL COMMITTEE the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Appeals to Privy Council) Or

    SUPPLEMENT No. 2A 1961 No. 59 JUDICIAL COMMITTEE the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Appeals to Privy Council) Or

    SUPPLEMENT No. 2A TO THE SOVEREIGN BASE AREAS GAZETTE No. 158 of 26th NOVEMBER, 1965. UNITED KINGDOM LEGISLATION APPLICABLE TO THE SOVEREIGN BASE AREAS. ~ No. 7 1961 No. 59 JUDICIAL COMMITTEE The Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Appeals to Privy Council) Order in Council, 1961. Made . , . 17th January 1961. Coming into Operation . Ist February 1961. At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 17th day of January, 1961 Present, The Queen’s Most Excellent Majesty in Council Her Majesty, by virtue and ic exercise of the powers in that behalf by section 1 of the Judicial Committee Act, 1844(a), or otherwise in Her Majesty vested, is pleased, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, as follows:- Interpretation. 1.-( 1) In this Order unless the context otherwise requires- “appeal” means appeal to Her Majesty in Council; and “judgment” includes decree, order, sentence and decision ; “the Court” means the Senior Judge’s Court of the Sovereign Base Areas; ~ ~~~ (a) 7 8 8 Vict. c. 69. 26 “record” means the aggregate of papers relating to an appeal (including the pleadings, proceedings, evidence and judgments) proper Lo be laid before Her Majesty in Council on the hearing of the appeal; “registrar” means the registrar or other proper officer having custody of the records in the Court; “Sovereign Base Areas” means the areas mentioned in subsecticn (1) of section 2 of the Cyprus Act, 1960(a). (2) The Interpretation Act, 1889(b), shall apply for the interpretation of this Order as it applies for the interpretation of an Act of Parliament.
  • Conceiving the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union in the Midst of the Cold

    Conceiving the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union in the Midst of the Cold

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Virtual Commons - Bridgewater State University Bridgewater State University Virtual Commons - Bridgewater State University History Faculty Publications History Department 2014 Conceiving the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union in the Midst of the Cold War: Internal and International Factors Ethan Sanders Bridgewater State University, [email protected] Virtual Commons Citation Sanders, Ethan (2014). Conceiving the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union in the Midst of the Cold War: Internal and International Factors. In History Faculty Publications. Paper 42. Available at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/history_fac/42 This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. African Review Vol. 41, No. 1, 2014: 35-70 Conceiving the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union in the Midst of the Cold War: Internal and International Factors Ethan R. Sanders* Abstract To what extent was international pressure placed on Nyerere and Karume to unify their two states in April 1964? The argument made is that even though Americans were initially very pleased with the outcome of the Union—because they thought it would help stem the spread of communism in the region—this was not a Western-initiated plan forced upon East African leaders. Indeed, the evidence shows that Americans were largely in the dark and in fact very frustrated by their lack of influence on the situation. Instead, the Union merely served as a confluence of African and American interests. The internal factors are inspected by highlighting African concerns over outside interference, worries about domestic stability, and a desire by Karume to consolidate his power.
  • Country Coding Units

    Country Coding Units

    INSTITUTE Country Coding Units v11.1 - March 2021 Copyright © University of Gothenburg, V-Dem Institute All rights reserved Suggested citation: Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, and Lisa Gastaldi. 2021. ”V-Dem Country Coding Units v11.1” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. Funders: We are very grateful for our funders’ support over the years, which has made this ven- ture possible. To learn more about our funders, please visit: https://www.v-dem.net/en/about/ funders/ For questions: [email protected] 1 Contents Suggested citation: . .1 1 Notes 7 1.1 ”Country” . .7 2 Africa 9 2.1 Central Africa . .9 2.1.1 Cameroon (108) . .9 2.1.2 Central African Republic (71) . .9 2.1.3 Chad (109) . .9 2.1.4 Democratic Republic of the Congo (111) . .9 2.1.5 Equatorial Guinea (160) . .9 2.1.6 Gabon (116) . .9 2.1.7 Republic of the Congo (112) . 10 2.1.8 Sao Tome and Principe (196) . 10 2.2 East/Horn of Africa . 10 2.2.1 Burundi (69) . 10 2.2.2 Comoros (153) . 10 2.2.3 Djibouti (113) . 10 2.2.4 Eritrea (115) . 10 2.2.5 Ethiopia (38) . 10 2.2.6 Kenya (40) . 11 2.2.7 Malawi (87) . 11 2.2.8 Mauritius (180) . 11 2.2.9 Rwanda (129) . 11 2.2.10 Seychelles (199) . 11 2.2.11 Somalia (130) . 11 2.2.12 Somaliland (139) . 11 2.2.13 South Sudan (32) . 11 2.2.14 Sudan (33) .