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Net Zero by 2050 a Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector Net Zero by 2050
Net Zero by 2050 A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector Net Zero by 2050 A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector Net Zero by 2050 Interactive iea.li/nzeroadmap Net Zero by 2050 Data iea.li/nzedata INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The IEA examines the IEA member IEA association full spectrum countries: countries: of energy issues including oil, gas and Australia Brazil coal supply and Austria China demand, renewable Belgium India energy technologies, Canada Indonesia electricity markets, Czech Republic Morocco energy efficiency, Denmark Singapore access to energy, Estonia South Africa demand side Finland Thailand management and France much more. Through Germany its work, the IEA Greece advocates policies Hungary that will enhance the Ireland reliability, affordability Italy and sustainability of Japan energy in its Korea 30 member Luxembourg countries, Mexico 8 association Netherlands countries and New Zealand beyond. Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Please note that this publication is subject to Switzerland specific restrictions that limit Turkey its use and distribution. The United Kingdom terms and conditions are available online at United States www.iea.org/t&c/ This publication and any The European map included herein are without prejudice to the Commission also status of or sovereignty over participates in the any territory, to the work of the IEA delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Source: IEA. All rights reserved. International Energy Agency Website: www.iea.org Foreword We are approaching a decisive moment for international efforts to tackle the climate crisis – a great challenge of our times. -
Non-DOD Version INFORMATION ONLY – DO NOT USE to REPORT NSF Federal R&D Funds Survey (Non-DOD Version) – Volume 70 (Fys 2020–21)
INFORMATION ONLY – DO NOT USE TO REPORT NSF Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development Volume 70 (FYs 2020–21) Non-DOD version INFORMATION ONLY – DO NOT USE TO REPORT NSF Federal R&D Funds Survey (non-DOD version) – Volume 70 (FYs 2020–21) Instructions Data Collection Authority and Uses The legislation that established the National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S. Code. 1862, P.L. 87-835) requires that NSF “…provide a central clearinghouse for the collection, interpretation, and analysis of data on scientific and engineering resources, and to provide a source of information for policy formulation by other agencies of the Federal Government...” This mandate was further codified in the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 §505, which requires NSF’s National Center for Science & Engineering Statistics to “collect, acquire, analyze, report, and disseminate… statistical data on (A) research and development trends…” The annual Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development (Federal Funds Survey) is the primary source of information about federal funding for R&D in the United States. The results of the survey are also used in the calculation of Gross Domestic Product, for analysis in public policy and science policy, and for budget purposes of four federal programs: Federal Laboratory Consortium for Technology Transfer, Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR), Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR), and Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR). The survey is sponsored by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) within the National Science Foundation (NSF). Before You Start In FYs 2020 and 2021, a series of supplemental appropriations bills were passed, starting in March 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. -
The Relationship Between MNE Tax Haven Use and FDI Into Developing Economies Characterized by Capital Flight
1 The relationship between MNE tax haven use and FDI into developing economies characterized by capital flight By Ali Ahmed, Chris Jones and Yama Temouri* The use of tax havens by multinationals is a pervasive activity in international business. However, we know little about the complementary relationship between tax haven use and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the developing world. Drawing on internalization theory, we develop a conceptual framework that explores this relationship and allows us to contribute to the literature on the determinants of tax haven use by developed-country multinationals. Using a large, firm-level data set, we test the model and find a strong positive association between tax haven use and FDI into countries characterized by low economic development and extreme levels of capital flight. This paper contributes to the literature by adding an important dimension to our understanding of the motives for which MNEs invest in tax havens and has important policy implications at both the domestic and the international level. Keywords: capital flight, economic development, institutions, tax havens, wealth extraction 1. Introduction Multinational enterprises (MNEs) from the developed world own different types of subsidiaries in increasingly complex networks across the globe. Some of the foreign host locations are characterized by light-touch regulation and secrecy, as well as low tax rates on financial capital. These so-called tax havens have received widespread media attention in recent years. In this paper, we explore the relationship between tax haven use and foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries, which are often characterized by weak institutions, market imperfections and a propensity for significant capital flight. -
Unhcr > Global Trends 2018
2018 IN REVIEW Trends at a Glance The global population of forcibly displaced increased by 2.3 million people in 2018. By the end of the year, almost 70.8 million individuals were forcibly displaced worldwide as a result of persecution, conflict, violence, or human rights violations. As a result, the world’s forcibly displaced population remained yet again at a record high. MILLION FORCIBLY as a result of persecution, DISplacED 70.8 WORLDwiDE conflict, violence, or human rights violations at end-2018 25.9 million refugees 20.4 million refugees under UNHCR’s mandate 5.5 million Palestine refugees under UNRWA’s mandate 41.3 million internally displaced people1 3.5 million asylum-seekers 37,000 13.6 MILLION NEW DISPLACEMENTS NEWLY DISPLACED EVERY Day 4 IN 5 An estimated 13.6 million people The number of new displacements Nearly 4 out of every 5 refugees were newly displaced due to conflict was equivalent to an average of lived in countries neighbouring their or persecution in 2018. 37,000 people being forced to flee countries of origin. This included 10.8 million individuals their homes every day in 2018. displaced2 within the borders of their own country and 2.8 million new 1 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre refugees and new asylum-seekers. of the Norwegian Refugee Council. 2 Ibid. 3 The number of new individual asylum applications for Turkey does not include Syrian 3.5 nationals who receive protection under the MILLION Temporary Protection Regulation and relates 16% to applications submitted to UNCHR until 10 September 2018, when the government ASYLUM-SEEKERS assumed full responsibility for registration and Countries in developed regions refugee status determination. -
JNR0120SE Globalprofile.Pdf
JOURNAL OF NURSING REGULATION VOLUME 10 · SPECIAL ISSUE · JANUARY 2020 THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF STATE BOARDS OF NURSING JOURNAL Volume 10 Volume OF • Special Issue Issue Special NURSING • January 2020 January REGULATION Advancing Nursing Excellence for Public Protection A Global Profile of Nursing Regulation, Education, and Practice National Council of State Boards of Nursing Pages 1–116 Pages JOURNAL OFNURSING REGULATION Official publication of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing Editor-in-Chief Editorial Advisory Board Maryann Alexander, PhD, RN, FAAN Mohammed Arsiwala, MD MT Meadows, DNP, RN, MS, MBA Chief Officer, Nursing Regulation President Director of Professional Practice, AONE National Council of State Boards of Nursing Michigan Urgent Care Executive Director, AONE Foundation Chicago, Illinois Livonia, Michigan Chicago, Illinois Chief Executive Officer Kathy Bettinardi-Angres, Paula R. Meyer, MSN, RN David C. Benton, RGN, PhD, FFNF, FRCN, APN-BC, MS, RN, CADC Executive Director FAAN Professional Assessment Coordinator, Washington State Department of Research Editors Positive Sobriety Institute Health Nursing Care Quality Allison Squires, PhD, RN, FAAN Adjunct Faculty, Rush University Assurance Commission Brendan Martin, PhD Department of Nursing Olympia, Washington Chicago, Illinois NCSBN Board of Directors Barbara Morvant, MN, RN President Shirley A. Brekken, MS, RN, FAAN Regulatory Policy Consultant Julia George, MSN, RN, FRE Executive Director Baton Rouge, Louisiana President-elect Minnesota Board of Nursing Jim Cleghorn, MA Minneapolis, Minnesota Ann L. O’Sullivan, PhD, CRNP, FAAN Treasurer Professor of Primary Care Nursing Adrian Guerrero, CPM Nancy J. Brent, MS, JD, RN Dr. Hildegarde Reynolds Endowed Term Area I Director Attorney At Law Professor of Primary Care Nursing Cynthia LaBonde, MN, RN Wilmette, Illinois University of Pennsylvania Area II Director Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Lori Scheidt, MBA-HCM Sean Clarke, RN, PhD, FAAN Area III Director Executive Vice Dean and Professor Pamela J. -
The Decline in the Role of Chieftainship in Elections Geoffrey Barei Democracy Research Project University of Botswana
The African e-Journals Project has digitized full text of articles of eleven social science and humanities journals. This item is from the digital archive maintained by Michigan State University Library. Find more at: http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/ Available through a partnership with Scroll down to read the article. Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, Vol.14 No,1 (2000) The decline in the role of chieftainship in elections Geoffrey Barei Democracy Research Project University of Botswana Abstract This article focuses on three districts of Botswana, namely Central District, Ngwaketse District and Kgatleng District. It argues that as a result of the role played by the institution of chieftainship in elections, certain voting paltems that are discussed in the conceptual framework can be associated with it. The extent to which chieftainship has influenced electoral outcomes varies from one area to another. Introduction Chieftainship was the cornerstone of Botswana's political life, both before and during the colonial era, After independence in 1966 the institution underwent drastic reforms in terms of role, influence and respect Despite the introduction of a series of legislation by the post-colonial government that has curtailed and eroded the power of chiefs, it still plays a crucial role in the lives of ordinary people in rural areas, Sekgoma (1993:413) argues that the reform process that has affected chieftainship so far is irreversible, The government is not under pressure to repeal parts of the Acts that -
Download Report (PDF)
BTI 2020 Country Report Botswana This report is part of the Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index (BTI) 2020. It covers the period from February 1, 2017 to January 31, 2019. The BTI assesses the transformation toward democracy and a market economy as well as the quality of governance in 137 countries. More on the BTI at https://www.bti-project.org. Please cite as follows: Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2020 Country Report — Botswana. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2020. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Contact Bertelsmann Stiftung Carl-Bertelsmann-Strasse 256 33111 Gütersloh Germany Sabine Donner Phone +49 5241 81 81501 [email protected] Hauke Hartmann Phone +49 5241 81 81389 [email protected] Robert Schwarz Phone +49 5241 81 81402 [email protected] Sabine Steinkamp Phone +49 5241 81 81507 [email protected] BTI 2020 | Botswana 3 Key Indicators Population M 2.3 HDI 0.728 GDP p.c., PPP $ 18583 Pop. growth1 % p.a. 2.2 HDI rank of 189 94 Gini Index 53.3 Life expectancy years 68.8 UN Education Index 0.664 Poverty3 % 38.5 Urban population % 69.4 Gender inequality2 0.464 Aid per capita $ 46.3 Sources (as of December 2019): The World Bank, World Development Indicators 2019 | UNDP, Human Development Report 2019. Footnotes: (1) Average annual growth rate. (2) Gender Inequality Index (GII). (3) Percentage of population living on less than $3.20 a day at 2011 international prices. Executive Summary Botswana is expected to hold its 12th general elections in October 2019. -
International Scholars Survey 2020-2021
Duke Visa Services Institute of International Education Open Doors International Scholars Survey 2020-2021 Total number of International Scholars: 1102 Primary Function Total Teaching 42 Research 923 Both Teaching and Research 35 Clinical Activities in Healthcare Fields 86 Other 16 Total 1102 Visa Status Total J-1 702 H-1B 239 O-1 10 TN 14 B or Visa Waiver Program F-1 Post Completion OPT 102 All Others 35 Total 1102 Gender Total Male 655 Female 447 Total 1102 Duration Total Less than 3 months 5 3 months up to 6 months 14 6 months up to 1 year 239 1 year up to 3 years 472 3 years up to 5 years 236 More than 5 years 136 Total 1102 Major Field of Specialization Total 01 Agricultural/Animal/Plant/Veterinary Science and Related Fields 03 Natural Resources & Conservation 04 Architecture & Related Services 05 Area, Ethnic, Cultural, Gender, & Group Studies 09 Communication, Journalism & Related Programs 10 Communications Technologies/ Technicians & Support Services 11 Computer & Information Sciences & Support Services 12 12 Culinary, Entertainment, & Personal Services 13 Education 14 Engineering 161 15 Engineering/ Engineering-Related Technologies/Technicians 16 Foreign Languages, Literatures & Linguistics 19 Family & Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences 22 Legal Professions & Studies 12 23 English Language & Literature/Letters 5 24 Liberal Arts & Sciences, General Studies & Humanities 25 Library Science 1 26 Biological & Biomedical Sciences 197 27 Mathematics & Statistics 44 28 Military Science, Leadership & Operational Art 29 Military Technologies -
DSE Suid-Afrikaanse INSTITUUT VAN INTERNASIONALE AANGELEENTHEDE the SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE of INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
DSE SUiD-AFRiKAANSE INSTITUUT VAN INTERNASIONALE AANGELEENTHEDE THE SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Jan Smuts House/-Huis P.O. Box/Posbus 31596 1 Jan Smuts Avenue/Laan 1 2017 Braamfontein Braamfontein, Johannesburg South Africa/Suid-Afrika Tel: 39-2021/22/23 T.A. 'Insintaff' Johannesburg Brief Report Tfo. 40 Not for Publication BOTSWANA PKCEOT HISTORY AND CUPPENT DEVELOPMENTS Botswana,1 one of South Africa's closest neighbours, has recently been subject to some press interest. At the end of "Wl, the focus was on Botswana's military capability and the Possibility that Botswana had received arms from the Soviet Union. In May this year, it was reported that Botswana's President, Dr Ouett Masire, had declared a State of anergency in the face of widespread drought in Botswana. This Brief Report deals with recent developments in Botswana and is divided into : 1) Background Information and Statistics 2) Political Background 3) Economic Developments 4) Poreicm Policy Issues 5) An Assessment — 2 — 1. BACKGROUND BSIFOPMfiTION AMD STATISTICS Political Status % Formerly the British Protectorate of Bechuanaland and one of the three High Commission Territories, gained independence from Britain on 30 September 1966, under the .leadership of the late Sir Seretse Khama. Present Ruling Party - Within a Multi-Party system is the Botswana Democratic Party (BDP). President • Dr Quett Masire, who took office on 13 -July 19£0? is an Executive President and also Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces. The National Assembly % legislative newer vested in the 36-member National Assembly and 15-member Advisory Rouse of Chiefs. Life of Assembly is 5 years„ Population, s. -
His Excellency
International Day of Democracy Parliamentary Conference on Democracy in Africa organized jointly by the Inter-Parliamentary Union and the Parliament of Botswana Gaborone, Botswana, 14 – 16 September 2009 SUMMARY RECORDS DIRECTOR OF CEREMONY (MRS MONICA MPHUSU): His Excellency the President of Botswana, Lieutenant General Seretse Khama Ian Khama, IPU President, Dr Theo-Ben Gurirab, Deputy Prime Minister of Zimbabwe Ms Thokozani Khupe, Former President of Togo Mr Yawovi Agboyibo, Members of the diplomatic community, President and founder of Community Development Foundation Ms Graça Machel, Honourable Speakers, Cabinet Ministers, Permanent Secretary to the President, Honourable Members of Parliament, Dikgosi, if at all they are here, Distinguished Guests. I wish to welcome you to the Inter-Parliamentary Union Conference. It is an honour and privilege to us as a nation to have been given the opportunity to host this conference especially during our election year. This conference comes at a time when local politicians are criss-crossing the country as the election date approaches. They are begging the general public to employ them. They want to be given five year contract. Your Excellencies, some of you would have observed from our local media how vibrant and robust our democracy is. This demonstrates the political maturity that our society has achieved over the past 43 years since we attained independence. Your Excellencies, it is now my singular honour and privilege to introduce our host, the Speaker of the National Assembly of the Republic -
Hearing on China's Strategic Aims in Africa
HEARING ON CHINA’S STRATEGIC AIMS IN AFRICA HEARING BEFORE THE U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION ONE HUNDRED SIXTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION FRIDAY, MAY 8, 2020 Printed for use of the United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission Available via the World Wide Web: www.uscc.gov UNITED STATES-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION WASHINGTON: 2020 U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION ROBIN CLEVELAND, CHAIRMAN CAROLYN BARTHOLOMEW, VICE CHAIRMAN Commissioners: ANDREAS A. BORGEAS THEA MEI LEE BOB BOROCHOFF KENNETH LEWIS JEFFREY L. FIEDLER HON. JAMES M. TALENT HON. CARTE P. GOODWIN MICHAEL R. WESSEL ROY D. KAMPHAUSEN LARRY M. WORTZEL The Commission was created on October 30, 2000 by the Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for 2001 § 1238, Public Law No. 106-398, 114 STAT. 1654A-334 (2000) (codified at 22 U.S.C. § 7002 (2001), as amended by the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act for 2002 § 645 (regarding employment status of staff) & § 648 (regarding changing annual report due date from March to June), Public Law No. 107-67, 115 STAT. 514 (Nov. 12, 2001); as amended by Division P of the “Consolidated Appropriations Resolution, 2003,” Pub L. No. 108-7 (Feb. 20, 2003) (regarding Commission name change, terms of Commissioners, and responsibilities of the Commission); as amended by Public Law No. 109- 108 (H.R. 2862) (Nov. 22, 2005) (regarding responsibilities of Commission and applicability of FACA); as amended by Division J of the “Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008,” Public Law Nol. 110-161 (December 26, 2007) (regarding responsibilities of the Commission, and changing the Annual Report due date from June to December); as amended by the Carl Levin and Howard P. -
The Discourse of Tribalism in Botswana's 2019 General Elections
The Discourse of Tribalism in Botswana’s 2019 General Elections Christian John Makgala ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5984-5153 Andy Chebanne ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5393-1771 Boga Thura Manatsha ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5573-7796 Leonard L. Sesa ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6406-5378 Abstract Botswana’s much touted peaceful Presidential succession experienced uncertainty after the transition on 1 April 2019 as a result of former President Ian Khama’s public fallout with his ‘handpicked’ successor, President Mokgweetsi Masisi. Khama spearheaded a robust campaign to dislodge Masisi and the long-time ruling Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) from power. He actively assisted in the formation of a new political party, the Botswana Patriotic Front (BPF). Khama also mobilised the country’s most populous Central District, the Bangwato tribal territory, of which he is kgosi (paramount chief), for the hotly contested 2019 general elections. Two perspectives emerged on Khama’s approach, which was labelled loosely as ‘tribalism’. One school of thought was that the Westernised and bi-racial Khama was not socialised sufficiently into Tswana culture and tribal life to be a tribalist. Therefore, he was said to be using cunningly a colonial-style strategy of divide- and-rule to achieve his agenda. The second school of thought opined that Khama was a ‘shameless tribalist’ hell-bent on stoking ‘tribalism’ among the ‘Bangwato’ in order to bring Masisi’s government to its knees. This article, Alternation Special Edition 36 (2020) 210 - 249 210 Print ISSN 1023-1757; Electronic ISSN: 2519-5476; DOI https://doi.org/10.29086/2519-5476/2020/sp36a10 The Discourse of Tribalism in Botswana’s 2019 General Elections however, observes that Khama’s approach was not entirely new in Botswana’s politics, but only bigger in scale, and instigated by a paramount chief and former President.