De Leopold Von Ranke (1825-1830)

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De Leopold Von Ranke (1825-1830) UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas Departamento de História Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social VIVIANE VENANCIO MOREIRA Leopold von Ranke e a Questão Oriental: O Caso d’A Revolução Sérvia (1829-1879) Versão Corrigida São Paulo 2014 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas Departamento de História Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social VIVIANE VENANCIO MORElRA Leopold von Ranke e a Questão Oriental: O Caso d'A Revolução Sérvia (1829-1879) Versão Corrigida São Paulo 2014 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas Departamento de História Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social Leopold von Ranke e a Questão Oriental: O Caso d’A Revolução Sérvia (1829-1879) Viviane Venancio Moreira Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social do Departamento de História da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção do título de Mestre. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Sara Albieri Versão Corrigida São Paulo 2014 AGRADECIMENTOS À FAPESP pelo apoio financeiro que possibilitou minha dedicação ao trabalho. À professora Sara Albieri pela confiança depositada em mim para que eu seguisse meu próprio caminho por entre as veredas de Ranke. À professora Maria de Lourdes Janotti por me aceitar generosamente em seu grupo de estudos e dar suporte valioso em horas mais do que urgentes. Fica minha admiração por sua dedicação ao trabalho, pela postura respeitosa junto aos alunos e por seu amor à História. Aos funcionários da secretaria de pós-graduação do Departamento de História pela solicitude e cordialidade. Aos professores José Vasconcellos e Miguel Palmeira pela leitura atenciosa, pelas críticas e pelas sugestões que sem dúvida desencadearam uma reviravolta nos rumos da pesquisa. Ao professor Júlio Bentivoglio pela leitura cuidadosa do trabalho final e pelas inúmeras ideias que deu na ocasião da defesa. A todos os amigos que me acompanharam durante esse longo percurso de conversas, brincadeiras e aprendizado conjunto. Ao meu pai, Pedro, pelo suporte à minha formação. À minha grande “família peluda” Sabá, Junior, Frida, Franz, Ulisses e Kristoferson todo reconhecimento pela presença sempre cheia de bondade e carinho. Seus muitos sonos e brincadeiras dentre livros e papéis tornaram o cotidiano mais sensível, sábio e belo. À minha mãe, Cristina, pela constante preocupação, responsabilidade nas opiniões que me deu durante todo esse longo processo e fé em mim quando eu mesma não acreditava que o trabalho chegaria ao seu fim. E, mais do que isso, pelo encorajamento que sempre falou de possibilidades e que me ensinou a ver o trabalho como algo belo e dignificante. Não há nada mais a dizer a não ser que essas páginas definitivamente não existiriam sem seu indescritível apoio. Para Cristina e nossa excêntrica família de cães, gatos, pássaros e plantas . I and Pangur Ban my cat, 'Gainst the wall he sets his eye 'Tis a like task we are at: Full and fierce and sharp and sly; Hunting mice is his delight, 'Gainst the wall of knowledge I Hunting words I sit all night. All my little wisdom try. Better far than praise of men When a mouse darts from its den, 'Tis to sit with book and pen; O how glad is Pangur then! Pangur bears me no ill-will, O what gladness do I prove He too plies his simple skill. When I solve the doubts I love! 'Tis a merry task to see So in peace our task we ply, At our tasks how glad are we, Pangur Ban, my cat, and I; When at home we sit and find In our arts we find our bliss, Entertainment to our mind. I have mine and he has his. Oftentimes a mouse will stray Practice every day has made In the hero Pangur's way; Pangur perfect in his trade; Oftentimes my keen thought set I get wisdom day and night Takes a meaning in its net. Turning darkness into light. Robin Flowder, Pangur Ban ou O Escriba e Seu Gato (1931), versão da canção monástica irlandesa do séc. IX. RESUMO Leopold von Ranke (1795-1886), considerado um dos mais importantes historiadores do século XIX e de toda a história da historiografia, produziu prolificamente durante toda sua carreira profissional, tendo como um de seus principais objetos de estudos a formação das nações ocidentais modernas e sendo conhecido por sua abordagem metodológica da História. Mas seu trabalho também pode ser uma fonte considerável de novos temas e interpretação, especialmente quando seus trabalhos menos conhecidos são tomados em consideração. A presente pesquisa analisa um tema ainda pouco explorado no trabalho de Ranke, ou seja, a posição desse historiador em relação aos grupos orientais através da interpretação das três edições (1829, 1844 e 1879) do seu livro A Revolução Sérvia (Die serbische Geschichte ). Algumas características desses textos merecem destaque: 1) o período de cinquenta anos no qual Ranke trabalhou o texto torna possível o estudo do desenvolvimento de suas ideias; 2) trata-se do estudo de um tema contemporâneo, o que significa que Ranke a escreveu enquanto as ações que estudava ainda faziam parte do presente; 3) a obra tem caráter colaborativo, já que foi concebida pela união de Ranke e do Círculo Eslavo de Viena ; 4) a forma com que Ranke descreveu os povos orientais (turco e sérvio) aponta para a relação entre essas noções e uma série de representações do Oriente, as quais estavam conectadas com ideias românticas bastante difundidas. Palavras-chave: Teoria da História; História da Historiografia; História Intelectual; Leopold von Ranke; Sérvia; Questão Oriental. ABSTRACT Leopold von Ranke (1795-1886), considered one of the most important historians of the 19 th century and of the whole history of historiography, produced prolifically during his entire professional carrier, having as one of his main objects the of study the formation of the Western Modern Nations and being famous for his historical methodological approach. But his work can also be a considerable source of new themes and new interpretations, especially when his less known books such as The Ottoman and the Spanish empires in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries or The Serbian Revolution are taken under consideration. This research analyses a theme somewhat yet to be explored in Ranke’s work, that is to say, the position of this historian in respect of oriental groups through the interpretation of the three editions (1829, 1844 and 1879) of his book The Serbian Revolution (Die serbische Geschichte ). Some characteristics of this works deserve highlight: 1) the period of fifty years in which Ranke retook the text makes it possible to study the development of his ideas; 2) it is about the study of a contemporary theme, which means that Ranke wrote while the actions he studied still were part of the present; 3) the work has a collaborative nature, which was conceived by the union of Ranke and the Viennese Slavonian Circle ; 4) the way Ranke described the eastern people (Turkish and Serbian) indicates the relation between these notions and a series of representations of the East, which were connected to widespread Romanticist ideas. Keywords: Theory of History, History of Historiography; Intellectual History; Leopold von Ranke; Serbia; Eastern Question. ÍNDICE INTRODUÇÃO .................................................................................................................... 9 A Revolução Sérvia : o ponto fora da curva nos trabalhos de Ranke 1. A REVOLUÇÃO SÉRVIA E UM ALARGAMENTO DE HORIZONTES ................................ 9 1.1. O eurocentrismo rankeano ................................................................. 10 1.2. A obra e sua repercursão .................................................................... 13 2. A QUESTÃO ORIENTAL E ORIENTALISMO ............................................................. 16 2.1. O Oriente como tema do momento .................................................... 16 2.2 Ranke e as representações românticas do orientalismo ..................... 18 CAPÍTULO I ..................................................................................................................... 21 Um tema persistente: A Revolução Sérvia na biografia intelectual de Ranke 1. OS “ANOS DE PEREGRINAÇÃO ” DE LEOPOLD VON RANKE (1825-1830) .............. 21 1.1. Universidade e pesquisa na vida de um jovem professor .................. 21 1.2. O “lobby dos arquivos”: entre o conhecimento e o poder ................. 31 1.3. O Círculo Eslavo de Viena : laços eslavo-germânicos ....................... 36 2. UM HISTORIADOR CÉLEBRE ÀS VOLTAS COM A REALPOLITIK (1830-50) ............. 49 2.2. No caminho do sucesso e o amadurecimento da ars politica ............. 49 2.3. A Historisch-Politisch Zeitschrift e a tríade de textos políticos ......... 53 3. A APOSENTADORIA É SÓ O COMEÇO (DÉCADAS DE 1870-1880) .......................... 57 3.1. Academias e as pequenas “embaixadas rankeanas” ........................... 57 3.2. História Universal, Obras Coligidas e a Sérvia .................................. 59 CAPÍTULO II .................................................................................................................... 65 Sérvia mutatis mutantis : histórico das edições e a questão da autoria 1. PREÂMBULO : RECAPITULANDO A HISTÓRIA SÉRVIA ............................................ 65 2. UM LIVRO , CINQUENTA ANOS E TRÊS VERSÕES ................................................... 76 2.1. Edição de 1829: um texto e muitas mãos ........................................... 77 8 2.2. Edição de 1844: rumo
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