Saudi National Day Saudi Arabia in Focus SAUDI NATIONAL DAY

Roma

Special Edition Saudi National Day Saudi Arabia in Focus SAUDI NATIONAL DAY

II III Saudi Arabia in focus

THE ROYAL EMBASSY OF SAUDI ARABIA IN ROME

UNITY IS STRENGTH, INCLUSION IS POWER

90th Anniversary TABLE OF CONTENTS CONGRATULATION MESSAGES FROM MALTA 86 Diplomatic Relations between the Kingdom 88 SAUDI NATIONAL DAY 3 of Saudi Arabia and the Republic of Malta Opening remarks 4 Diplomatic Relations between Saudi Arabia 91 HRH Prince Faisal bin Sattam bin Abdulaziz Al Saud and the Republic of San Marino Saudi Arabia: state, history 6 G20 2020 SAUDI PRESIDENCY 95 and culture over 90 years The G20 2020 Saudi Presidency’s agenda: 96 HIGHLIGHTS ON NATIONAL SYMBOLS 22 “Realizing Opportunities of the 21° Century for All” Diriyah, land of kings and jewel of the future 22 How G20 Riyadh will put Arab Women 100 on a Global Stage Monuments and heritage sites are symbols 24 of the resilience of humanity SPECIAL INTERVIEWS 105

Masmak Fort: the birthplace 28 HRH Princess Maha bint Mishari Al Saud 106 of the modern Kingdom Lead co-chair, Task Force 9 Migration and Young Societies; Vice President for external Relations & Advancement, Al Faisal University LIVING BY ISLAMIC VALUES 33 HH Princess Haifa Al Mogrin 120 LIVING BY ISLAMIC VALUES 33 Saudi Arabia’s Permanent Representative to UNESCO The Great Mosque of Makkah 33 Ms. Hind Al Zahid 122 The story behind Ibrahim’s shrine at the Kaaba 34 Deputy Minister for women’s empowerment at the Ministry of Human Resource and Social Development The Hajj 41 Dr. Thuraya Al Arrayed 126 The Prophet’s Mosque 46 Writer, poet and former member of the Shoura Council BILATERAL RELATIONS 51 Dr. Hala bint Mazyad Al-Tuwaijri 130 CONGRATULATION MESSAGES FROM ITALY 53 Head of G20 Women’s Empowerment Team

Italy, Saudi Arabia and the Friendship 72 Ms. Sarah R. Al-Husseini 134 of Diplomacy Chair of the G20 Tourism Working Group

Saudi diplomatic relations with Italy 78 Ms. Sarah A. Assiri 138 G20 Office at the Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs Bilateral Trade and Economic Cooperation 82 with Italy Ms. Dalma Malhas 140 Olympic Show Jumper CULTURE, SPORTS 219 AND ENTERTAINMENT Ms. Razan Alazzouni 144 Fashion designer Saudi Culture: a new golden age 218 Ms. Maisah Sobaihi 146 Unlocking Sport and Entertainment Sectors 254 Academic, playwright and performer

RESPONDING TO COVID-19 MULTIMEDIA LIBRARY 259

G20 2020 facing Covid-19: a common challenge, 150 a united global response Saudi Arabia efforts to fight Covid-19: 152 from global to local, no one left behind Feature Story: a Saudi doctor on Italy’s frontline 156 against Covid-19 ECONOMY 161 Covid19: Saudi economy is getting back 162 and recovering

KEY SECTORS TO DRIVE SAUDI ARABIA’S VISION 2030 166

“Mining and Industrial Sector are strategic” 168 Mining opportunities for investors 170 TOURISM 175 Tourism in the Economy Diversification Strategy 176 Tourism Giga-Projects 178 Tourism destinations 182

Photo credits: VisitSaudi Adel Al Quraishi Amani Alqahtani SAUDI NATIONAL DAY Saudi Arabia in Focus SAUDI NATIONAL DAY

Cari amici Italiani,

This year, we celebrate the 90th anniversary of Saudi National Day, along with Saudi’s heritage and tradition, in an unexpected, non-traditional way.

Although this challenging time prevents us from welcoming all of you our annual celebration event in Rome, we believe that nowadays it is more important than ever to celebrate and to share the values of unity and resilience, which are constitutive of our National Day.

Before emerging for the third time in 1932 and becoming modern Saudi Arabia, the Saudi state raised twice. It came back stronger than ever, thanks to the faith, the resilience and the desire of unity of King Abdulaziz, the founder of the Kingdom, and thanks to the people who shared his cause. Today, these values are a source of renewed inspiration to lead us through these challenging times.

Values which were fully embodied by the tireless work done in the past six months by doctors, nurses and volunteers on the frontline. Their sense of duty and empathy remind us how strong is the human spirit and how limitless is its potential. I would like to express, once again, sincere admiration on my behalf, and on behalf of all members of the Saudi missions in Rome, to the Italian health personnel and to Italy for the remarkable response to the pandemic.

Saudi ties with the Italian people have been solid and friendly since 1932, and today they are stronger than ever. Our cooperation has been constantly renewed for almost 90 years in all sectors and the Kingdom looks forward to further strengthening bilateral relations in various fields, in order to provide mutual benefit between the two Countries and regions. This year, during the pandemic, Saudi cooperation with Italy have been renewed and reinforced at a bilateral and multilateral level, in the framework of the group of the G20. It is time to be concrete on how we can shape a future in which we can realize the opportunities of the 21st Century for all, and, most importantly, how we can do it together. Saudi Arabia, as holder of the G20 2020 Presidency, exerted great efforts to create a path for a common and united global response to the coronavirus pandemic. The agendas of the G20 2020, Saudi Arabia is determined to continue its international commitment to achieve common goals the European Union, Italy - who will hold the next G20 Presidency - and indeed Saudi Arabia through collective and unified efforts, inspired by its legacy and guided by its Vision. are aligned on unity as the heart of the crisis response. Together we have the means to achieve I would like to conclude by echoing the words of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques our goals and to turn solemn declarations into common actions. From energy and deforestation “Today, through our cooperation, we are confident that we, together, will overcome this crisis, to financial inclusion and people empowerment, the more we work together, the sooner we will and move forward towards a future where all people thrive, prosper and are healthy”. reach our goals. The more we are united in combining our efforts, the better chance we have to accelerate a sustainable recovery process, ensuring that the most vulnerable are not left behind. HRH Prince Faisal bin Sattam bin Abdulaziz Al Saud

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THE MODERN In 1902, the return journey towards glory and history began conquering Saudi Arabia: state, history, KINGDOM Riyadh, declaring it the capital for a new king and announcing the be- and culture over 90 years OF SAUDI ARABIA ginning of the formation of the third Saudi state. The journey to unify the country began as a tough and exhausting journey, but with the grace by Prof. Abdulaziz bin Ali Al Ghareeb, Saudi Cultural Attaché in Italy of Allah and the gathering of people around one word, conquests and and Professor of Social and Cultural change victories came in succession until 1932, with the announcement of the end of the unification process and the declaration of the foundation of a state named Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with Riyadh as its capital. From there began the great departure towards development and planning, for ince 1744, the Kingdom of Sau- strong again, with the start of its second phase the future of a country that was frail and lacking financial capabilities and di Arabia was established in its in the period between 1823 and 1891, when infrastructure. Sfirst phase, under the leadership of the region witnessed great transformations Imam Muhammad bin Saud who gave birth to and also had supporters from the people of The beginning was with what the earth had generously given from its a new state with authority over much of the the same region, but at the same time its en- innermost, which brought abundant goodness to a king who possessed Arabian Peninsula and even outside to the emies were on the lookout, stirring up strife nothing but truly little for his people. Allah was dear and generous to this north. Through this state, the region, with all its and resentment within this state, until it was honest king and to the loyal and generous people who accompanied him components, moved to a new stage in terms of thrown as such into a cycle that maybe would on his journey or were eagerly waiting for him. In general, the society values, culture and urbanization, becoming a not have lasted long. The last of its rulers was remained a traditional one for more than half the period of rule of King remarkable region for the world. Through this Imam Abdul Rahman bin Turki Al Faisal – may Abdulaziz – may Allah have mercy on him –, but the Second World War, state, this region for the world. It came out to- Allah have mercy on him – who forcedly de- the discovery of oil and other factors pushed the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia wards the light and the civilization, in its first parted from his country due to sedition and into the first stage of modernization, a stage in which it was threatened cradle at least, after living unaware of its geog- intrigue against him, carrying his family and a militarily and ideologically by its more developed neighbors, and it was raphy and its history, which provoked resent- few of his supporters with him, among whom urged by the educated minority calling for urbanization within the country. ment among major countries that were impos- there was his young son Abdulaziz, who kept So the giant economic companies searching for new markets came to ing their powers on some areas in the Arabian stuck in his mind such departure and bitter- open the horizons of economic life by starting with the exploration of the Peninsula. ness and did not let them go from his mind natural resources that the land was full of, and the exploration discoveries until he returned. It was perhaps a beneficial Then, history led to the end of the first Saudi followed to predict a huge underground wealth that rolled over the years pain this was a beneficial pain, as this exodus state, due to an external aggression led by Ot- through a giant company established for this purpose and known as Saudi lighted the heart of this boy, so he returned, toman Turkey, in a blatant intervention on the Aramco Company, which was founded about seventy years ago and is and what a return it was... region and its people, who were united under now the largest global company. Then the first plans and phases of growth one banner and one rule, hoping to move to- and development began with the establishment of government institutions wards growth, security, urbanization and more. and bodies which carry out and organize work. Councils of ministers, consultative councils (Shura), government agencies and institutions were But then, the Saudi state quickly returned formed, and short and long-term programs and plans were made.

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Kings of Saudi Arabia

King Abdulaziz Ibn Saud

1932-1953

King Saud bin King Faisal bin King Khaled bin King Fahd bin King Abdullah bin King Salman bin Abdulaziz Abdulaziz Abdulaziz Abdulaziz Abdulaziz Abdulaziz

1953-1964 1964-1975 1975-1982 1982-2005 2005-2015 since 2015

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SAUDI SOCIETY The Saudi society, under the leadership of its government, took in those beginning with from King Abdulaziz – may Allah have mercy on him – phases a scientific methodology in reading its future, so it was seeking (passed away in 1953); on to King Saud (1953-1964); then King Faisal the help of the UN to draw and apply strategic development plans for who led the modern renaissance (1964-1975); King Khaled who led the the Saudi society to move it to a new phase in the life of its members economic boom (1975-1982); King Fahd bin Abdulaziz (1982-2006), who and in its path. The first plan for social and economic development led the administrative systems and legislative councils; King Abdullah bin was in 1970: it was a five-year plan guaranteeing the investment of Abdulaziz (2006-2015), who led the second economic boom and re- the country’s income, in return for progress and development. It was forms; and today King Salman bin Abdulaziz (2015), who is leading the preceded since 1964 by short-term development programs and plans, firmness, the determination and the comprehensive reform phase. the most important of which was the project of settling the Bedouin EDUCATION Focusing on the cultural field, and giving the reader a glimpse of the people in small villages and introducing them to educational and cul- cultural elements and the cultural change that my country went through tural centers to restore and rehabilitate their social behavior in line with while celebrating its 90th National Day – especially since some people the nature of modern and new civil life. Within this project, nearly 6000 believe, through what they see in the media, that this came recently or small migrations were carried out for this purpose. in response to pressures from here and there –, the truth actually is that The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a modern country that was established Saudi society was an open society from the beginning of its formation in 1932, therefore that period is an extension of previous traditional in its early stages. If we counted the features of half of the cultural life stages; and by means of development plans the desired move has that the Saudi society was in, we would find a lot of what the members been made and the desired goals have been realized. The young so- of society demand; it was a natural reality that people practice in full ciety was a traditional Bedouin society in most of its practices, rituals, freedom and responsibility. and social actions, and it was a new era for the official institutions and Courses and education centers were open to both sexes, and they governmental bodies that directed it towards becoming a civil society. were even a basic pillar the leadership relied on from the beginning, It had just learned how to coexist as a group and, indeed, as a socie- believing that there would be no development without education. It is an ty, how to negotiate with one another, how to sit together at one table Saudi society acquired right of the country’s citizens and residents. The state guar- without fear or shyness of each other, how to walk individually without was an open anteed education from the beginning of the elementary level to the a personal weapon and to feel safe from the neighbors, how to friends society from the university level, without any fees for its children; this was established in and trust a person who diverges from him at a tribal, regional, and even beginning of its the Basic Law of Governance, which was re-updated in line with devel- sectarian level. formation in its early stages opments in 1993 and became a reference for all the three authorities of A society that gave up the multiplicity of its powers in favor of a unified the country and is commanded by the King’s order only. political and administrative authority that leads it into the future, as tra- If we show some elements of education, the number of students reached ditional authorities have become more symbolic rather than being ef- nearly 10 million people at various educational levels, and there were fectively practiced in public life. The state is entrusted with the official mixed classes in universities and theatrical performances that hardly powers that the King holds throughout the state. Therefore, perhaps it is stop, whether in cultural societies, sports clubs, or educational theat- because of the wisdom of fate that Allah granted to the Kingdom of Saudi ers in universities and schools. On the contrary, university and sports Arabia a leadership that drives it forward, and even bears his missteps,

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seasons would not be concluded without theatrical performances and The concerts presented by the Saudi television were a time for family concerts by local singers or from the Gulf to conclude the school year members to gather together and chat in front of the television. There and honor the distinguished and outstanding pupils. was even a theater known as television theater, where singers would perform their songs in front of an audience of art connoisseurs, a show The teaching of foreign and education was not limited to English lan- which would be recorded and aired on TV later. All this, in addition to guage at the intermediate and secondary levels, the French language the cinema shows, that used to show the latest Arab and foreign films at the secondary level, with teachers from those countries was taught. on the weekend (cinemas stopped working in 1980) and were reacti- A decision was even issued in 2019 to teach Chinese language in pub- vated in April 2018. lic education schools due to China’s economic placement and to the strategic relationship between the two countries. School curricula were Newspapers and magazines included advertisements for the activities almost free of religious and sectarian discrimination, encouraging har- held by clubs and restaurants; the name “casino” was in vogue as a mony, dialogue, coexistence, and peace. place to be attended by members of society, as they included singing breaks and concerts. Such events disappeared after 1979 but returned Elections to select faculty deans and department heads were an ac- in a larger and more organized way nearly five years ago. ademic norm in the early years of the establishment of the Saudi universities, which began around 1958 with the establishment of the first RELIGION As far as of religious freedoms are concerned, religious and sectarian free- Saudi academic institution. There was a negative use of these institu- dom is a fundamental principle that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has fol- tions, as academic standards deviated from the right choice and ideo- lowed since its foundation, as the four Sunni doctrines were spread in the logical trends kicked in instead, leading to the advent of personalities Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque, and even some prayers were whose goal was not academic development but ideological objectives; held for everyone who follows the same doctrines. This is also the case for therefore, competent authorities intervened to stop these mechanisms the spread of the Hussainiyat of the Shi’ite sect and the mosques of the Is- in order to correct them and return them to the right path. In addition maili sect, as their motto was practiced in an overt manner without fear and to this, it is worth mentioning the beginning of early civic participation was even accepted by members of society, as brotherhood, neighborhood programs in the consultative councils (Shura), municipal councils and and friendship precede the sectarian differentiation. In the name of sec- civil society organizations since the 50s of the last century. tarian freedom, Sufi practices and rituals were a reality practiced by their followers, especially in traditional urban areas such as Hijaz, Al Ahsa, and In the media and artistic sphere, for example, media freedom was ap- Religious Jizan, and their rituals and some of their practices were clearly regulated. MEDIA AND plied to a further extent, especially when it did not contradict the Is- and sectarian ENTERTAINMENT lamic principles and provisions agreed upon; for instance, we find that freedom is Urban agglomerates witnessed religious freedom for followers of other magazines used to enter the Saudi market with standardized covers, a fundamental religions, without prevention or follow-up; this is even more true keeping in the same way they enter any other country. In addition to that, it is principle that in mind that most of the major companies working in the infrastructure worth mentioning the Saudi television shows on its channels: TV se- the Kingdom field – which entered the Saudi market since the early 70s, especially ries, songs, and the presence of female broadcasters revealing their of Saudi Arabia with the expansion of the State in building major development projects has followed face without discrimination. – are Korean, European, and Indian companies, i.e. companies from since its non-Islamic countries, and most of their workers are non-Muslims. foundation

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Despite this, the Saudi society was and still is a highly religious soci- a car, owning goods, attending competitions and events in full comfort ety, especially in practicing its religious rituals such as prayer, fasting, and confidence, and more. Zakat, and Hajj, which are the main pillars of the true Islamic religion These are some of the cultural practices in Saudi society, which the the Sunni doctrines agree upon, in terms of what is permissible and Western reader may consider traditional, classic, and natural. We forbidden without sectarian discrimination; this confirms that many ex- also see them as such, but the external events that occurred in our tremist religious practices are simply extraneous to Saudis, as they are region contributed to bringing these practices to a halt and brought a result of the religious and cultural contact between members of the the normal life many years back. However, the policy of the new King- Saudi society and other Islamic societies in light of events occurred in dom, since the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin previous times, rather than autochthonous practices. Abdulaziz Al Saud came to power in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, has been working to bring many cultural elements back to their original na- WOMEN With regards to the status of women, that early period – i.e. the 60s and ture, in a way that does not contradict the tenets of the Islamic religion 70s of the last century – represents the beginning of the educational – condensing many years spent in immobility for reasons that maybe renaissance for Saudi girls, especially in universities and higher insti- are not to be mentioned here – but according to the plans and the vi- tutes, after the opening of women’s departments in the mid-70s both at sion of which HRH the Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has been undergraduate and postgraduate levels, as some of the lectures were entrusted with supervising the implementation. carried out by male professors directly in the classroom rather than Vision 2030 is known for including many values, principles and pro- over the TV circuit. The seeds of charitable institutions in their histo- grams which are to draw the image of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in ry were feminist, and these societies were not only a conglomerate the future; to achieve an open society, a rational spending, a diversified of charitable institutions and societies but were more like cultural and economy with regulated and effective investments, for all its material, civil circles. The woman’s covering was respected and appreciated, human, environmental and natural resources. and in most cases and all regions it consisted of a half-face mask or a light cover hiding the face lineaments in general. Niqab was not as ■ known and widespread as it was during the stage of religious awaken- ing; moreover, the abaya used to cover half the body. Covering was not imposed on non-Muslim women or non-Saudi women.

The status of women came back stronger in terms of empowerment, appointment and freedoms during the era of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques; many legislations and systems related to women were rewritten in terms of rights and duties, so that women would return to their rightful place. As such, the leadership confirmed that women are an indispensable component in the progress and development of Saudi society. The leadership opened a lot of doors for women, with regards to travel, work, study, independent life, financial independence, driving

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HIGHLIGHTS ON NATIONAL SYMBOLS Diriyah will be transformed into one of the world’s foremost lifestyle destinations for culture and heritage, hospitality, retail and education

Diriyah, land of kings and jewel of the future

nown as the “land of kings and heroes”, today a prominent UNESCO World Heritage Diriyah is the historical site of the es- site, one of five in Saudi Arabia. Salwa Palace, One of the first areas to benefit from the transformation is the existing Ktablishment of the first Saudi state. Be- Al Saud family’s historic home, still stands as a Bujairi district. Bujairi will soon be home to the Diriyah Art Oasis – tween 1744 and 1818 CE, thanks to the uni- symbol of cultural significance and as a show- one of Saudi Arabia’s first art centers dedicated to contemporary art, fying efforts led by Mohammad bin Saud and case of the typical Najdi architectural style. which has been designed by the Italian architectural firm Schiattarella Sheikh Mohammad bin Abdul Wahab, Diriyah Associati. The design project has been awarded the Iconic Award As part of Vision 2030, Diriyah will be trans- became the site for the first Saudi capital. – Concept (winner) and the American Architecture Prize – Cultural formed into one of the world’s foremost life- buildings (honorable mention). Diriyah, also called “the jewel of the Kingdom” style destinations for culture and heritage, is home to Al Turaif, a citadel built in 1744 hospitality, retail and education. The premier ■ and recognized as one of the world’s largest cultural and lifestyle destination will be home to a mud-brick cities. Once home to the founding population of 100,000 and is set to attract 25 members of Al Saud royal family, Al Turaif is million visitors annually.

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Monuments and heritage sites are symbols of the resilience of humanity By Dr. Haifa AlHababi Associate Director Heritage and Culture at Diriyah Gate Development Authority

s humans, we have a tendency to forget life’s challenges once they’re “A over, but monuments and heritage sites, they stand as physical reminders of past events,” says Dr. Haifa Al Hababi, who is responsible for projects relating to architectural heritage at the Diriyah Gate Development Authority (DGDA).

“In the course of the current coronavirus pandemic that we took for granted a few months ago and during which we couldn’t even do simple things, it’s very important to have tangible reminders in order to give people hope and make them aware of the lessons learned. “Take the Taj Mahal, for example, it’s a story of commitment and great love Ottomans before rising again, it cannot be con- litical will and economic capacity.” Dr. Haifa of a husband and a wife that extends beyond architectural beauty and “If the Taj Mahal ceived without its own tumultuous history.” As a says that in the 1970s when oil revenues in the significance. It’s a story that unifies people from around the globe and is a symbol of site of great significance for the Saudi Arabian Kingdom grew considerably and the popula- that expresses this universal message of love.” If the Taj Mahal is a love, then Al nation, it may come as a surprise that many tion suddenly had more wealth, they preferred symbol of love, then Al Turaif, which is one of the world’s largest mud- Turaif, which is Saudis don’t know Diriyah or indeed Al Turaif. not to remember past hardships, therefore brick cities and also the UNESCO World Heritage Site within Diriyah, is one of the world’s there has been a disconnection between peo- “It’s because our economy has been based on a symbol of unity. largest mudbrick ple and their history and culture. cities and also oil in recent times,” says Dr. Haifa. We haven’t It was here where Imam Mohammed bin Saud unified the Arabian Pen- the UNESCO known gradual change here, but a sudden and “There were no more Saudi farmers or wom- insula and declared the first Saudi state in 1744. “Diriyah was where the World Heritage extreme one. Especially if you look at the way en working the land, everyone and everything first Saudi state was founded and then it was the location that brought Site within we went back to where we are now in terms changed, everyone wanted to go to university together many different tribes and cultures from across the Arabian Pen- Diriyah, is a of Vision 2030, it’s quite dramatic and we are and work in an office” says Dr. Haifa. “Their her- insula and united them,” says Dr. Haifa. “As a site that fell twice to the symbol of unity” able to do that because Saudi Arabia has po- itage reminded them of struggles that they didn’t

24 25 Saudi Arabia in Focus SAUDI NATIONAL DAY want to be reminded of. This is why so many “The government was previously focused on build- It’s a phenomenon that Dr. Haifa cites herself instrumental to the way we approach this crisis. people do not know about Diriyah.” Things are ing specialisms like medicine, IT and engineering to be part of. She had originally planned on We never stop, we are still all managing and changing however. Dr. Haifa says that because and national security,” says Dr. Haifa. “Art and studying interior design but the visit to an archi- securing our sites, with the health of our em- younger generations of Saudis feel like they have culture were considered a luxury. But now those tectural exhibition one day changed her path. ployees at the forefront of everything we do.” lost their cultural identity, they are now trying to areas are solid and established: we are seeing a “I went to a show of colourful photos and interi- Dr. Haifa maintains that “sharing the stories of find it and reconnect with their past. Indeed, the strong return to culture in Saudi Arabia, because or and exterior architecture, and I asked where our culture and heritage through whatever chan- DGDA, with the development of Diriyah, is un- younger generations are reviving their heritage. they were from. I thought they were from Mex- nels we can, is more important now than ever.” ico, but they were actually from Saudi Arabia” “The story of Al Turaif as the home of the first Dr. Haifa recalls. Saudi state and the multiple challenges it has “The curator asked my name, and said ‘you faced since 1744, are so relevant when people are from this tribe and you don’t know your are locked-down and frustrated and desperate own country?’. It was a slap in the face, I was for great stories. It’s an example of resilience, ashamed and from that time I vowed to learn a message to the whole world not to worry. about my heritage and culture and make it Like the Saudi state that fell twice to the Otto- known to the world.” mans and came back stronger than ever, we too can overcome this current crisis.” The DGDA are collaborating with the Ministry of Education, providing free school tours to Source: Diriyah Gate Development Authority (DGDA) Al Turaif for all schools in Riyadh. “We partic- ■ ipate in the curriculums now,” says Dr. Haifa. “Al Turaif is on the cover of the history books and the DGDA is named in the book as the authority taking care of Al Turaif.” However, the current situation has seen heritage sites all over the world closed to the public, shifting the focus to online learning and experience, while the opportunity to visit isn’t an option.“There is a global community of heritage sites and we all work together,” says Dr. Haifa.“We have a Whatsapp group with site managers from covering the stories of past generations and pre- “It’s prevalent in Saudi Arabia but I’d say it’s a everywhere: from Scotland and Germany to serving Saudi Arabian heritage in order to shape global phenomenon, because the loss of cultur- Haiti, Norway and Africa. The sense of com- the future and reinforce a sense of love for their al identity in recent decades is common to all.” munity and sharing our plans openly has been history in all Saudis.

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Masmak Fort: the birthplace of the modern Kingdom

ocated in the heart of Riyadh, in the city’s old quarter, the 155-year-old Masmak Fort is a vast clay and mud-brick cita- Ldel, which witnessed the birth of modern Saudi Arabia. In 1902, King Abdulaziz, captured the fortress and took control of Riyadh, his ancestral home, after having lived in exile in Kuwait. From this fortress, Abdulaziz Al Saud conquered and united the different kingdoms and provinces that make up the Saudi nation as we know it today.

Built in 1865, the fortress has served many purposes. Although it was originally used to house the garrisons who protected the city, it later was an ammunition warehouse after the raid by King Abdu- laziz and, later still, a prison. Today, the restored building is a museum, one of the favorite among tourists wanting to step back in time and explore Saudi Arabia’s roots. Some of the fascinating exhibitions on display show maps and photographs of Saudi Arabia dating from 1912 to 1937, alongside a range of historical artifacts, works of art and audiovisual presentations. Visitors can also watch a short documentary that re-enacts the capture of the fortress by King Abdulaziz, whose spearhead you can still see embedded in its wooden gate.

The fort is one among several buildings that form the huge King Abdulaziz Historical Center, consisting of a cluster of other restored buildings in Riyadh.

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30 31 Living by islamic values Saudi Arabia in Focus LIVING BY ISLAMIC VALUES

LIVING BY ISLAMIC VALUES

Saudi Arabia is the birthplace of Islam and land of the two holiest sites in the Islamic world: the Great Mosque of Makkah and the Prophet’s Mosque in Madinah. Every year, the Kingdom welcomes Muslims who come from all around the globe to visit the Holy Sites for Umrah and Hajj, one of the world’s largest annual gatherings. Serving Islam and the pilgrims is a duty and an honor for the Kingdom. As an expression of deep sense of responsibility toward the Faith, Saudi Kings adopt the official title of Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques.

The Great Mosque of Makkah Since then, many expansions were ordered by the Saudi rulers. In 2015, King Salman launched five major projects designed to allow the mosque to accommodate nearly 2 million worshippers on a 1.5 mil- Masjid al-Haram, also known as the Great Mosque of Makkah, is the lion-square-meter site. In 2018, the Haramain high-speed train con- first holiest site in Islam. The Great mosque is the destination of the necting the Muslim holy cities of Medinah and Makkah was inaugurat- Islamic pilgrimages, Hajj and Umrah. The rites of both pilgrimages in- ed. The line is designed for a top speed of 300 kilometers per hour and clude circumambulating the Kaaba, placed at the center of the Mosque. for carrying 60 million passengers a year, including around 3-4 million The Great Mosque also includes other important significant sites, in- Hajj and Umrah pilgrims. cluding the Black Stone, the Zamzam Well, Maqam Ibrahim, and the hills of Safa and Marwa. The story behind Ibrahim’s shrine at the Kaaba The story tells that God the Almighty brought down to Prophets Ishmael Under the centuries, the Holy Mosque in Makkah had witnessed suc- and Ibrahim the black stone from paradise, after they were ordered to cessive expansions since the era of the Caliph Omar bin Khattab, who lift the foundations of the Kaaba. carried out the first one in 638. When King Abdul Aziz united the country and founded Saudi Arabia in 1932, he made the Two Holy Mosques The shrine stone is marked by two foot prints on them. It is told that af- a top priority and ensured they received special attention to serve Is- ter finishing the construction of the old house, Prophet Ibrahim stood up lam and the increasing number of pilgrims. Major programs were intro- on the stone and his feet dove into it, to commemorate the construction duced to ensure pilgrims’ safety and security, as well as their well-being of the sacred house. Throughout history, it remained adjacent to the sa- and comfort. Steps were also taken to establish facilities and services cred Kaaba, one of Makkah landmarks. The footprints faded away and aimed at improving housing, health care, sanitation and transportation. the toe marks almost disappeared because the stone was exposed to

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Saudi Arabia in Focus LIVING BY ISLAMIC VALUES the public, therefore a large number of people made from about 670 kg of raw silk, which is dyed black, 120 kg of gold touched it over the years. threads and 100 kg of silver threads. Silk is imported from countries which can provide the best quality of this fine fiber, such as Italy. During the second Caliph, the stone was moved from its original location, near the Kaaba, to its The Hajj current location, at a distance of more than 10 Here I am at your service, oh Lord, here I am - here I am. No partner meters, in order to facilitate the circumambu- do you have. Here I am. Truly, the praise and the favor are yours, and lation ritual and to enable worshipers to pray the dominion. No partner do you have. These are the words chanted behind the shrine as described in the Quran. by some two million people from all over the world heading, as if pulled According to historians, the first ruler to cover by a magnet, to one single spot on earth, Makkah. As it happens every the shrine was the Abbasid Caliph al Mahdi, year for 14 centuries, Muslim pilgrims gather in Makkah to perform rit- while Caliph Al Mutawakkil covered it with gold uals based on those conducted by the Prophet Muhammad during his and silver to strengthen it. last visit to the city.

After the establishment of the Kingdom of Performing these rituals, also known as the Hajj, is the fifth pillar of Saudi Arabia, expansion works were ordered Islam and the most significant manifestation of Islamic faith and uni- and the buildings were removed to facilitate ty. Undertaking the Hajj, at least once, is a duty for Muslims who are the circumambulation rituals for better ease. physically and financially able to make the journey to Makkah. The pil- A crystal glass and a silver cover were then grimage is the religious high point of a Muslim’s life and an event that installed. It has been renovated after the resto- every Muslim dream of undertaking. Umrah, the lesser pilgrimage, can ration works that took place during the reign of be undertaken at any time of the year, while Hajj is a six-day annual King Fahd, placing heat resistant and shatter- ritual. It occurs in the 12th month of the Islamic lunar calendar, called proof frosted glass above the shrine, covered Dhul-Hijjah, between the 8th and 13th of the month. On the 9th day of in copper and encased in gold. Dhul-Hijjah, also known as Day of Arafah, Muslim pilgrims make, at dawn, their way from Mina to a nearby hillside and plain called Mount The Kaaba is covered by the Kiswah, an em- Arafah where they stand in contemplative vigil. This is the second day broidered black and gold cloth, which is woven of the Hajj pilgrimage, while the day after is the first day of the major from silk and cotton and adorned with verses Islamic holiday of Eid al-Adha. from the Quran. ■ The Kiswa is replaced once a year on the 9th day of the month of Dhul Hijjah after the pilgrims go to Mount Arafat. It is made by some of the greatest calligraphers and artists in the Muslim world in the King Abdul Aziz Complex for the Kaaba’s Kiswa in Makkah. The Kiswa is

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Saudi Arabia in Focus LIVING BY ISLAMIC VALUES

The Dome is in the southeast corner of the Prophet’s Mosque, and The Prophet’s Mosque was first painted green in 1837, becoming known thereafter as “The Green Dome.”

■ The Prophet’s Mosque is the second holiest site in Islam after the Grand Mosque in Makkah. Located in Madina, it was built in the year 622 AD by Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) near his home, after building Quba Mosque (the first mosque in Islam).

The mosque is both a home to the rest place of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and a significant Islamic site to pilgrims. Prayers in the two sacred mosques of Makkah and Madinah earn greater reward than prayers in any other mosque. A saying of the Prophet (hadith) says that a prayer in the Prophet’s Mosque in Madinah earns the reward of 1000 prayers, and in the Haram in Makkah a prayer is given a reward equal to that of 100,000 prayers. Many pilgrims who perform Hajj also travel to Madinah to pray in the Prophet’s mosque.

The Prophet’s mosque was expanded many times over the years, first in the reign of the Caliphs and the Umayyad, the Abbasids and the Ottomans, and then finally in the span of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1994 when the largest expansion operation took place. The original mosque was an open-air building, and served as a community center, a court and a religious school.

One of the mosque’s most prominent features is the Green Dome; it is built above the prophet’s rest place and the ones of early Muslim caliphs Abu Bakr Al Siddiq and Omar bin Al Khattab. During the Mam- luk period, a serious fire struck the Mosque in 1481 and burned the mosque and dome. A restoration project was then initiated to replace the wooden structure by a brick one in order to prevent the collapse of the dome in the future.

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BILATERAL RELATIONS 90th Anniversary CONGRATULATION MESSAGES FROM ITALY Saudi Arabia in Focus BILATERAL RELATIONS

At the end of this year, we will take over from Riyadh the Presidency of the G20, which is impor- H.E. Minister Luigi Di Maio tant more than ever in this historical phase when international cooperation and an efficient multi- Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation lateralism are essential. In our imminent Presidency, we aim at giving priority to the management of the Italian Republic of the health emergency and to the promotion of a sustainable and inclusive economic recovery. We are ready to continue the work we started with Saudi Arabia, to relaunch global growth and to ensure a fair and sustainable access to health for the citizens.

Therefore, there are many and articulated perspectives for the consolidation of our bilateral I wish to express my most sincere congratulations for the 90th anniversary of the foundation of relationships. With this spirit, in the day in which we commemorate the Declaration of Unification the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, I express my wishes of peace, prosperity, and well-being to His The friendship between Rome and Riyadh is long-standing and has been nourished through Majesty King Salman, to the Government of the Kingdom and to the Saudi people as a whole. the decades by several political and technical contacts. I myself had the pleasure to meet my colleague, Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud, recently in Rome. Luigi Di Maio Saudi Arabia is a fundamental interlocutor for Italy in the region, from a political, economic and commercial point of view. Despite the slowdown due to COVID-19 pandemic, the exchange between our Countries has gone beyond three billion Euros during the first six months of this year. The reform plan “Vision 2030” is a source of interest for our entrepreneurial community, which sees Saudi Arabia a platform rich of great opportunities. We are ready to take on the challenge of diversification of our partnership, and above all to concentrate our energies on innovation, technology and scientific research.

We are facing new and promising scenarios for cooperation. The first step of this path will be the twelfth session of the Joint Commission, which I wish to chair in Riyadh as soon as the international conditions will allow me to do so. It is our wish that this event concentrates not only on our economic relationship, but also on the political dialogue and on the cultural, scientific, and technological cooperation, as well as the interaction between our civil societies.

Italy and Saudi Arabia share the interest for stability in the region, where there are still several hotbeds of tension. We believe that a perspective of peace, safety, stability and respect of human rights is possible, so we need to continue on the common search for solutions. Saudi Arabia can offer a decisive contribution to solve many of the ongoing crises, by virtue of the prominent role which it plays in its region. The solution of prolonged and devastating conflicts such as the Yemeni conflict, as well as the mending of the fracture inside the Gulf Cooperation Council and the search for positive relationships between the two shores of the Gulf, require brave choices, self-control, moderation, and responsibility.

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Dario Franceschini Minister of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism

Your Royal Highness Prince Faisal bin Sattam bin Abdulaziz Al Saud,

on the 90th anniversary of the declaration of unification of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, I wish to express my sincere congratulations on this important day.

It falls in a particularly significant historical moment for the cultural relations between our two Countries, relaunched by the Roads of Arabia exhibition at the Baths of Diocletian. An important moment of dialogue that must be remembered on this occasion, an initiative that has allowed many to become aware of the historical past of the Arabian Peninsula and to strengthen cultural cooperation between our Countries, showing to which extent culture has always tuned out to be the means for better and better international relations and exchanges.

While addressing my personal greetings, I therefpre wish you every success for your celebrations.

Dario Franceschini

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Dr. Domenico Arcuri Amb. Pietro Benassi CEO of Invitalia, former Extraordinary Commissioner for the strength- Diplomatic Advisor of the President of the Council of Ministers, ening of hospital infrastructures to cope with COVID-19 emergency, personal representative of the President and Sherpa current Commissioner for the restart of school activities in safety for the G7 and G20 Summits

Your Royal Highness and dear Saudi friends, Dear Saudi friends,

I would like to send you my dearest wishes for the 90th Anniversary of the Kingdom of Saudi in the occasion of the celebration of the 90th anniversary of the unification of the Kingdom of Arabia’s National Day, an important date that you are preparing to celebrate. Saudi Arabia, I wish to congratulate your Country for the commitment that you are showing as G20 Presidency. Although Saudi Arabia and Italy might appear as two different and distant worlds, they have been able to develop and consolidate intense relations over the decades, despite the crucial We are living an historical moment characterized by uncertainty and unprecedented changes occurred, even in recent years, in the Mediterranean region and in the Middle East. challenges. In a phase in which the global fight against the COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped the scale of humanity’s priorities, multilateralism and international cooperation represent the It is a solid and generous bond that Saudi Arabia, in our most painful days of the peak of Coro- only concrete and viable solution to address the defining challenge that we are called to face. navirus, wanted to transform into concrete aid to Italy. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in carrying out its role as Presidency of the G20 for 2020, did not I would like to thank you once again for this. In that terrible time, your contribution was valuable spare any effort to lead the work of the forum in such a difficult and peculiar time. and it had strengthened the old friendship among our peoples and confirmed that the way to In this spirit, Italy has showed sincere collaboration as member of the Troika and we look for- defeat this common invisible enemy is indeed international partnership in aid, science, sharing ward to continue the fruitful cooperation with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from December on, information for the vaccine research and for the most effective therapies. when we will have the honour to take on the Presidency of the G20. Thank you all again for not making us feel alone, Italy will not forget it. The challenges in front of us are daunting but crucial to define our common future. Italy and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia share the responsibility to lead the multilateral effort needed to emerge from this emergency in a better way, shaping together a new, greener, more inclusive, Domenico Arcuri more prosperous and more sustainable global society.

Renewing my appreciation for the effort and the commitment showed by the Saudi Presiden- cy this year, I wish you all the best for the Kingdom national day.

Piero Benassi

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Dr. Angelo Borrelli Sen. Stefania Craxi Head of the Department of Civil Protection Vice President, III Committee for Foreign Affairs, migration

Guarda il video messaggio

Dear Ambassador, Your Highness, Ambassador, I send you and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia my wishes for the 90th Anniversary of its Foundation. On the occasion of the Anniversary of the declaration of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s unification, which is a very important and significant celebration for your nation and your people, As you know, the relations between our countries and our peoples are very tight. I wish to express my appreciation for the efforts made by you, for the growth and development I recall meeting you several times and I remember always talking about our possible cooperation. of a solid bond between our countries, and for the Kingdom’s engagement within international organizations, which are a natural context for a global, shared governance. We received your aid during Covid-19 emergency and as a matter of fact the ventilators you delivered to us were essential for our hospitals. In this regard, a strong and renewed commitment by the international community has found once more its raison d’être, as a result of a very delicate moment for world’s history, with wide- I would like to assure you that we will soon sign the memorandum that we are now preparing. range historical challenges, such as the ongoing health emergency and the consequent and It will encourage the development of the cooperation in terms of prevention, forecasting and equally severe economic and social crisis. Therefore, despite the complexity of this moment, emergency management within our respective countries. the role which Saudi Arabia and Italy will be able to play in the final part of a troubled 2020 has a vital importance, since this year will see the handover between our two countries at G20 Thank you and I wish you all happy National Day. Presidency.

In particular, my hope is that this occasion could be the opportunity to set the global agenda’s Angelo Borrelli attention on the wide “Enlarged Mediterranean” region; an area where many of the tensions between international actors are concentrated, and a land that is dangerously affected by an increasingly worrying instability and characterized by a continuous evolution.

Peace, security, freedoms, and a fair and solidarity-based development, must therefore occupy a priority position compared to the many objectives that the international community and the G20 meant to pose with various degrees of ambition. There is much work to do, and I am confident that our countries will not spare their efforts in giving their decisive contribution, albeit with all due respect for the many sensibilities and interests.

Stefania Craxi

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The excellent Italian-Saudi relations have developed into ever closer and more fruitful economic Hon. Fabio Castaldo and commercial ones, but above all also to a political dialogue that is constantly intensified. European MP, Vice President of the European Parliament The Vision 2030 guides the efforts for progress at all levels, opening new horizons of coopera- Guarda il video messaggio tion from which we must start again and that we must use, above all, to strengthen bilateral ties and relations.

I therefore wish for the near future an ever stronger and more effective cooperation, not only in bilateral relations, but also between the EU and the Gulf Cooperation Council, the GCC, in order Dear friends, to meet the continuing and emerging challenges, thus placing solidarity and global sustainability Today, September 23rd, 2020, is the 90th Anniversary of the Declaration of the Kingdom of as a key for understanding and as a basis for renewal. Saudi Arabia’s unification , proclaimed by its founder King Abdulaziz bin Abdulrahman Al Saud. With these thoughts, I renew once again my most heartfelt good wishes for prosperity and Unfortunately the current situation prevents us from celebrating together this very important An- wellness for the Kingdom and the Saudi people, with the hope that together we will continue our niversary, yet I have the honor to express my warmest wishes and congratulations to the Kingdom common commitment to the dialogue and the defense of multilateralism. Happy Anniversary. and to the Saudi people, thanks to the much appreciated initiative of His Royal Highness Prince Faisal bin Sattam bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Ambassador of the Kingdom in Italy. Fabio Castaldo At a time in history when all the most urgent challenges, including, for example, the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic, require solidarity and coordinated solutions, the Kingdom of Saudi Ara- bia has, excellently, reconfirmed its commitment to multilateralism.

In carrying out its role, the G20 2020 presidency, the Kingdom has devoted itself with great energy to promoting initiatives that finally give a global and inclusive response to the fight against the Covid pandemic.

Therefore, by thanking the Saudi Presidency for the work that has been carried out in a truly, very exhaustive and punctual way, I take the opportunity to wish you all the best for these last months of work, in which the Kingdom is continuing to carry out the very delicate task of guiding the restart, based on the principles of cooperation and global solidarity.

The G20 Presidency is a great responsibility, yet also a great opportunity, at a time when the country is undergoing the most important strategic transformations of its recent history, which are contained, among other things, in the ambitious Vision 2030 development program.

The warm relations between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Italy date back to the origins of the Kingdom itself and it were consolidated over time, despite the important changes that occurred in the region of the Mediterranean and the Middle East.

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Sen. Maurizio Gasparri Hon. Paolo Grimoldi President of the Committee for Elections and Parliamentary Head of the Italian delegation to the OSCE Parliamentary Immunity, President of the Parliamentary Committee Assembly for Prosecution Proceedings Guarda il video messaggio

I wish to send a message of greetings, friendship, and best wishes to His Royal Highness the Dear Saudi friends, Ambassador Al Saud, as the 90th anniversary of the birth of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a Thanks to your Ambassador to Italy, His Royal Highness Prince Faisal bin Sattam, I have particularly important date. the occasion to convey my congratulations on the anniversary of the founding of the Kingdom I know the arduous and strenuous history which led to the birth of the Kingdom of Saudi Ara- of Saudi Arabia and on the ability of the Saudis in preserving their total sovereignty and bia, an important country which must be friend of Italy and the Italians in the Mediterranean independence during these troubled years, which have upset other Arab countries. Region and in the Western area, as a bridge between East and West. I hope there will be soon I also very much appreciate how in these times of global instability, the Kingdom has become the occasion for a feast, a celebration, and a moment of common thought, after this virus which the protagonist of regional pacification, which has an immediate and positive effect on a global is causing a lot of concern. level, and of a real and tangible path of reforms that I am following with interest through a In the meantime, I express my best wishes on behalf of many Italians and of my party, Forza privileged source as Arab News. Italia, to His Royal Highness the Ambassador and to all Saudi Arabian friends. We share a great ally like the United States of America which is doing its utmost to stabilize our quadrant of the world and no one escapes the mutual and increasingly close influence between the Middle East region and the Mediterranean area, whose stability is fundamental Maurizio Gasparri for world peace.

In this regard, I was pleased to note that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with its closest allies in the Gulf, is playing a role of great responsibility, bringing stability from the Horn of Africa to the Middle East to the Mediterranean Sea, where some actors, less responsible, are stirring the waters.

I am convinced that the reformist path undertaken, the fight against internal and external extremisms and the role of regional peacemaker assumed by Saudi Arabia will have positive outcomes and will allow ever greater commercial and geopolitical synergies, but not only, to our Peoples.

Paolo Grimoldi

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Sen. Gianni Pittella Hon. Annaelsa Tartaglione Member of the Senate of the Republic Member of the Chamber of Deputies

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I would like to send my wishes to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on the occasion of the 90o Since the unification and formation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Anniversary from its foundation. in 1932, relationships between Italy and the Kingdom have been continuously characterized by bonds of solid and profound friendship. These 90 years have been a period of fraternal and devoted friendship with the Italian governments and with Italy. Italy was one of the first countries which recognized the new State, as it opened an Em- bassy in the same year, starting at the same time negotiations which quickly led to the We are bound together not only by economic interests, but also by a common vision of the fu- finalization of the first cooperation agreement in the aviation and automobile fields. ture, which focuses on three major issues: environmental sustainability; fight against Covid-19 and disease prevention and peace. The first airplanes supplied to the newly formed Saudi Air Force were Italian - the then famous Caproni airplanes - and already in 1933, students of that Air Force flew to Italy to On these three issues and on others, the present cooperation will have to be strengthened. follow training courses there. Therefore, I would like to thank His Royal Highness, the Saudi Ambassador in Rome for giving A cooperation which already expressed feelings of trust, esteem, and friendship, con- me this important opportunity to extend my best wishes to the friends of Saudi Arabia. tributing to the consolidation of the State and to the completion of the work promoted and implemented by its founding King to unify the country.

Gianni Pittella Some academics described these model bilateral relationships as a real page of “friendship diplomacy”, which accompanies the work for modernization, development, and progress of that country, as well as for the conquest of an increasingly significant role in regional and world balances.

Italy and Saudi Arabia share a high religious sensitivity: Saudi Arabia as the leader of the Islamic world, Italy as the seat of the Papacy and the center of Christianity. Two Religions with common origins and traits, which were often in conflict, but are today on the road towards common ideals of peace and cooperation.

In fact, the two countries play an increasingly active and effective role in overcoming conflicts, in defense of spirituality and for the consolidation of peace, with determination and commitment.

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In this regard, I would like to recall the decision of the Italian government – particularly promoted and supported since the 80s of the last century by President Giulio Andreotti, a Hon. Valentino Valentini politician with a great vision, with a strong Catholic tradition, and bound by a deep friend- Member of the Chamber of Deputies, Counselor of the President ship for the Saudi people and their rulers – regarding the edification of Europe’s largest of the Senate of the Republic Sen. Alberti Casellati for International mosque in Rome, financed by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and designed by architect Affairs Paolo Portoghesi, as a symbol of openness towards the desired and necessary reciprocity Guarda il video messaggio and collaboration in the religious field.

Equally strong is the constant bilateral cooperation in the economic field, in which the Dear friends, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has used its extraordinary oil power with foresight, wisdom and Let me wish you the best upon this important day for your country. Today is a day of joy and constructive spirit, in the interest of a balanced and orderly international development. celebration. It is a time that you want to share with your friends and I felt privileged to do so, both These important friendship relationships became manifest once again when the Italian in a personal capacity as an elected representative of my country. Armed Forces joined and participated in 1990 in the so-called first Gulf War, which saw an Italy was among the first to recognize the newly formed Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932 and international coalition of over thirty countries intervening also in support of the Kingdom of establish diplomatic relations and first ties have grown over the years into a solid friendship. I Saudi Arabia, threatened by a military crisis on its doorstep. could talk about our dynamic economic relations, the flourishing culture exchanges, but today I The tensions and threats to peace that still characterize relationships in the Middle East would like to confine myself to this thought: this troubled time we live in, for you and those who and in the entire eastern Mediterranean area, require today a determined presence by the are close to you, is a time of revel and remembrance, a time of sorrow and a time of hope, a Kingdom to rapidly achieve a balance which is respectful of the needs and the well-being sentiment we wish to share with you. of those peoples. Only if we remember our past shall we be able to fulfill the promise of a bright future. For the Today’s celebration of the 90th anniversary of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s National good officers of your Ambassador in Rome, let me convey my most sincere congratulations to Day is an opportunity to remember and celebrate these model friendship relationships your King, to the Crown Prince and to all the people of Saudi Arabia. which continue uninterruptedly, and to express the wish for an ever more solid and effective cooperation between our countries. Valentino Valentini

Annaelsa Tartaglione

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Hon. Raffaele Volpi Hon. Antonio Zennaro President of the Parliamentary Committee for the Security Member of the Chamber of Deputies and Official of the Republic of the Social Security Fund

I wish to express to Prince and Ambassador Faisal Bin Sattam Bin Abdulaziz Al Saud my Your Royal Highness, sincere wishes on the occasion of the 90th Anniversary of the Foundation of the Kingdom. Today, the Saudi people celebrate an important date in a particular historical moment, The year 1932 also marks the beginning of a long friendship between the Kingdom of Saudi characterized by a pandemic that keeps us physically distant but that must see us ever more Arabia and Italy, which comes today as a profound legacy, built on solidarity and multilateralism; united, especially in view of the challenges that future will pose to us. a heritage we are called to continue investing on, while maintaining a high level of civil and The current situation does require us to be distanced, but certainly not in terms of intentions cultural cooperation. and willingness to collaborate, also in light of the excellent relationships between our countries. A friendly country, and above all an important commercial and economic partner, as there are The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Italy enjoy decennial relationships and bonds of solid and numerous Italian companies operating in the Kingdom in significant strategic sectors, as well sincere friendship, sealed by the “Treaty of Friendship” signed by our forerunners in 1932, which as more and more projects seeing Saudi and Italian companies standing side by side. I am happy to help strengthen. I also take this opportunity to convey my heartfelt appreciation to the work done by the G20 The friendship between our peoples, custodians of millennial histories, cultures, traditions, and Saudi Presidency. I am sure that the next Italian Presidency of the G20 will continue on the path religious beliefs, which over the centuries have intertwined in an evolutionary path, leading us initiated by the Saudi Presidency, which has put forth great efforts for a common response to to the apex of our contemporary civilization, represents a solid basis to ensure that our roots are the Covid-19 pandemic and to the related global economic and social crisis. able to develop fruits of cooperation and synergies which also the future generations will benefit from. Antonio Zennaro In conclusion, I would like to offer my heartfelt and sincere thanks to Your Royal Highness for inviting me to participate in this virtual celebration. I am, therefore, particularly pleased to offer my best wishes for the 90th Anniversary of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s National Day, and I kindly ask the Ambassador to extend them to His Majesty King Salman bin Abdulaziz and to the whole Saudi people.

Raffaele Volpi

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Italy, Saudi Arabia and the The “Friendship of diplomacy”, as leitmotiv of King Abdullah, the Custodian of the Two Holy Ibn Saud’s an important story, has been reiterated and re- Mosques, made the first historic visit of a Sau- Friendship of Diplomacy prophetic launched over the time, by the highest insti- di King to the Vatican where he met Pope Ben- (1932-2017) promise of tutional authorities of the two countries during edict XVI. Noteworthy were also the official vis- by Prof. M. Pizzigallo, former full Professor at the friendship with many mutual meetings and state visits. its of Italian Premiers and Ministers to Riyadh, Naples Federico II University (in loving memory) confirming the deeply-rooted relations of mu- Italy has been Among the “excellent” visits, it is worth recall- tual steady friendship between the two coun- honored for over ing the one of King Abdullah in Rome on No- tries, strengthened by a significant bilateral eighty years and vember 5, 2007. “Since the foundation of the trade. Over many years, Aldo Moro (the historic was “kept at modern state of Saudi Arabia,” as the King ing Abdulaziz, the legendary Ibn Saud, founder of the Kingdom interpreter of the Italian diplomacy of friendship confirmed to Italian President of the Republic of Saudi Arabia, knew Italy through his son Faisal’s eyes and any cost”even in towards the Arab world), Massimo D’Alema, Giorgio Napolitano, “the relations between our from his tale. The young prince was 26 years-old when, on April difficult moments Romano Prodi, Silvio Berlusconi, Franco Frat- K Countries witness a period of closeness and 19, 1932, he reached Rome for the first time where, three days later, tini, Matteo Renzi, Paolo Gentiloni, the frequent cooperation.” The next day, November 6, 2007, at Palazzo Chigi, in the framework of an official ceremony, there was the exchange of ratifications of the Treaty of Friendship between Italy and Saudi Arabia signed in Jeddah on February 10. In Rome, Faisal met the highest authorities, and in particular he visited with great care and interest the “eternal city” where he was welcomed with cordiality and warmth on the different occasions. Meanwhile, in Jeddah on May 1, 1932, Ibn Saud met the diplomatic representatives accredited to his government, lingering in particular with the person in charge of the Ital- ian Consulate, expressing all his appreciation for the warm welcome reserved to his son Faisal during his stay in Rome. “I wish - Ibn Saud also said - to keep the friendship with Italy at any cost, because this friendship is very valuable thanks to the Italian authoritative position that it was able to gain in the world ...”. Ibn Saud’s prophetic promise of friendship with Italy has been honored for over eighty years and was “kept at any cost” even in difficult moments.

In order to identify the distinctive character of the ancient relationship between Italy and Saudi Arabia and put it in the right historical perspective, reference should be made to the “Friendship of diplomacy” meant as an Italian model of relations with the Arab world, based on equal cooperation and mutual respect, devoid of political, ideological and religious prejudices.

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missions to Riyadh by Italian politicians from Prince, Second Deputy President of the different parties confirm not only the excellent Council of Ministers and Minister of Defense; diplomatic relations between the two coun- Adel Al Jubeir as Minister of Foreign Affairs. tries but above all they highlight the continu- Another Royal Decree on June 21, 2017 made ity of a line of foreign policy, namely the cen- HRH Prince Mohammedbin Salman Crown trality of fruitful relations with Saudi Arabia, Prince and Deputy President of the Council widely shared by the different governments, of Ministers, in addition to retaining his post whether of centre-right or center-left, that as Minister of Defense. have followed in Italy over the years. Worth On August 7, 2015, Foreign Minister Al Jubeir, mentioning are the events and the initiatives flew to Rome for official bilateral talks and his held in Rome from October 1 to 5, 2013 to mission was followed by that of Italian Presi- solemnly celebrate the 80th Anniversary of dent of the Council of Minister Matteo Renzi the signature of the Treaty of Italian-Saudi to Riyadh in order “to make the old friendship friendship. During the Rome celebrations, a stronger and more effective” between the two declaration of intent for the cooperation in the countries, both engaged in the anti Daesh field of cultural heritage was signed, and the coalition. Once in Riyadh, on November 8, then Saudi Foreign Minister met Italian Pre- 2015, Prime Minister Renzi met the top Saudi mier Enrico Letta on October 3. authorities with whom he discussed political In the recent years, the escalation of the issues and bilateral business relations; the Syrian crisis, and especially the threatening following day, he was received in the audi- appearance of Daesh, has caused a terrible ence by King Salman. Few months later, on shock wave further destabilizing a large part June 2, 2016, Foreign Minister Paolo Genti- of the Mediterranean East. In the various in- loni (who would later assume duties as Pres- ternational fora, Italy and Saudi Arabia share ident of the Council of Ministers), met with the commitment in combating terrorism, King Salman in Jeddah. Gentiloni empha- along with the pursuit of joint action aimed at sized the ancient ties with Saudi Arabia, solving out diplomatically the ongoing crises. whose role and influence on Middle Eastern dynamics plays a pivotal role in endeavoring Meanwhile, on January 23, 2015, King Sal- to stabilize the international arena and above man bin Abdulaziz ascended the throne and all Libya, a country in an increasingly con- appointed Mohammed bin Nayef as Crown flicting and problematic situation. “The King Prince, First Deputy President of the Council - Gentiloni told reporters upon completion of of Ministers and Minister of the Interior and the audience - considers Italy a country of the Mohammed bin Salman as Deputy Crown

74 75 Saudi Arabia in Focus BILATERAL RELATIONS region and insisted on the need to contribute tiloni as well. After a wide-ranging debate on together for the stability of the Mediterranean, the major international issues, with “reference The “barometer” North Africa and in particular Libya.” In his to the situation in Syria, Yemen, Iraq and Lib- on the Rome- successful mission to Jeddah, Paolo Gentiloni ya”, Minister Al Jubeir mentioned the role that Riyadh route, met the Deputy Prime Minister Mohammed bin Italy could play in the context of Saudi Vision continues to Salman, the enthusiastic creator of the ambi- 2030. At the same time, Al Jubeir conveyed a show fair, tious Vision 2030 program, aimed at granting personal greeting on behalf of King Salman and above all to an additional impetus to reform policies and towards President Gentiloni. An “appreciated mark a political to processes of modernization and change. and reciprocated message”. and diplomatic Vision 2030 is a huge project with the aim to In conclusion, although within a context of a friendship, diversify the economy, gradually reducing the strongly destabilized international situation due which has lasted country’s reliance on oil revenues, and, above to crises and conflicts which still needs to be all, to promote, support and restore growth for long time and solved through shared solutions, the “barome- with positive impacts particularly on youth and is destined to last ter”, at least on the Rome-Riyadh route, contin- women’s employment. On the whole, Vision still for long. ues to show fair, and above all to mark a politi- 2030 aims to achieve a comprehensive and cal and diplomatic friendship, which has lasted massive social and economic transformation for long time and is destined to last even longer. of the country, which could open new and interesting horizons to Italy in the framework of the ■ deeply-rooted and good bilateral relations. In this regard, after his fruitful meeting (dedicated to Vision 2030) with young Prince Mohammad, Paolo Gentiloni stated: “The new leadership is betting on a positive industrial production in all fields and Italy is an ideal partner. We don’t have hegemonic aspirations, but the experience of our small and medium-sized enterprises is very interesting for them.”

In some respects, similar concepts were also reiterated in the recent visit to Rome by Foreign Minister Al Jubeir on February 20, 2017 when he met his Italian counterpart and the Presi- dent of the Council of Ministers, Paolo Gen-

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Saudi diplomatic relations with Italy (2017-2020)

Official visit of HE dr. Awwad Official visit of HE Mr. Official visit of the Saleh Al Awwad, Official visit of HE Mr. Official visit of HE Sen. Pier Official visit of HE the Adel Al Jubeir, Saudi Undersecretary for Foreign Saudi Minister of Culture Adel Al Jubeir, Saudi Carlo Padoan, Minister President of the Council Foreign Minister Affairs Mr. V. Amendola and Information Foreign Minister of Economy and Finance of Ministers Paolo Gentiloni

2017 − February 2017 − March, 2017 − July, 2017 − July, 2017 − October, 2017 − October, Italy Saudi Arabia Italy Italy Italy Italy

Visit by Amb. S. Cardi, DG for Official visit of the Hon. H.R.H. Prince Faisal bin Sattam Undersecretary for Foreign Affairs, V. Visit by the Minister of State for HE A. Al Jubeir, Saudi Foreign Political and Security Affairs of the Elena Murelli, President of bin Abdulaziz Al Saud presents his Amendola and Sen. N. Latorre, President Foreign Affairs Nizar Madani Minister, participate in the Italian MOFA, received by H.E. Dr. the Bilateral Section of Italy- Credentials to the President of the of the Senate Defense Commission to co-chair the work of the 11th Rome MED 2017 and held A. Al Jubeir, Minister of State for Arabia Friendship within the Republic of Italy, Sergio Mattarella, participate to the 1st Riyadh International session of the Joint Bilateral bilateral talks with Italian FM Foreign Affairs of Saudi Arabia Interparliamentary Union at Quirinale Palace Humanitarian Forum Commission Minister Alfano

2019 − May, 2019 − April, 2018 − June, 2018 − February, 2017 − December, 2017 − December, Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Italy Saudi Arabia Italy Italy

Saudi Minister of Culture HH Official visit of HH Prince Faisal HH Prince Bader bin Abdullah bin Official visit of H.E. Dr. Official visit of HE Dr. A. Al Prince Bader bin Abdullah Minister of State for Foreign bin Farhan Al Saud, Saudi Mohammed bin Farhan Al Saud, Minister Abdullah Al Rabeeah, Jubeir, Minister of State for bin Mohammed bin Farhan Al Affairs Dr. A. Al Jubeir, Foreign Minister, to conduct of Culture, participates in the 58th Venice Royal Court’s Advisor and Foreign Affairs, received by the Saud inaugurate the exhibition participate in MED 2019 bilateral talks with the Italian Biennale and held a bilateral meeting with SG of KSrelief Italian FM Hon. Luigi Di Maio “Roads of Arabia” in Rome as speaker FM Hon. Luigi Di Maio his Italian counterpart

2019 − May, 2019 − October, 2019 − November, 2019 − November, 2019 − December, 2020 − August, Saudi Arabia Italy Italy Italy Italy Italy

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The signing of the MOU is part of a plan to strengthen trade and investment relations between Bilateral Trade and Economic the two countries and to benefit from optimal funding for government projects in line with the Cooperation with Italy Saudi Vision 2030. by Mr. Abdullah M. Bin Dehesh, Commercial attaché, The Italian Export Credit Agency is currently working on opening a representation office in Ri- Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Rome yadh to ensure a stable channel of communication between Italian and Saudi banks.

Thanks to Saudi Vision 2030, which aims at reforming the country at all levels, economic, social and cultural, recent regulations and policies have been implemented, increasing the appetite of the international investors. Further Italian and International companies are eager to enter the audi Arabia and Italy pursue strong and solid relations. Italy and Saudi market to exploit these opportunities. Saudi Arabia are united by numerous and strong ties that have Sdeveloped over the decades. In 1932, the two countries signed a ISTAT data, referring to 2019, reveals a positive picture for Italian exports, which reach 3.3 billion Treaty of Friendship that constitutes the origin of their bilateral relations. euros, growing by 6% compared to 2018, along with a trade volume between the two nations of around 7 billion Euro. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is categorized as one of the largest 20 economies in the world, and furthermore has various components and ■ capabilities that give it an influential role in the world economy. It ranks second in the world in oil reserves, and production. In addition, the first oil exporter in the world, and fifth in the world in gas reserves. The King- dom has the largest economy in the Middle East, in addition to being a member of the World Trade Organization, the Cooperation Council for the Arab Gulf States and the League of Arab States. It’s also a member of the Group of twenty (G20).

The Saudi economy represents 48% of the GCC economy, second largest GDP per capita (PPP) among the G20, first population growth rate over the next five years among G20, and 4% CAGR over the past 10 years.

As part of the profound relations between the two nations, there are joint economic cooperation agreements and memorandums of understanding concluded by the two countries, which have contributed to support and trigger the bilateral trade and investment exchange between the Kingdom and the Republic of Italy. Moreover, the Ministry of Finance has recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Italian Export Credit Agency (SACE) on February 20, 2020, at the Ministry of Finance HQ in Riyadh.

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Hon. Evarist Bartolo Minister of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Malta

90th Anniversary CONGRATULATION MESSAGES FROM MALTA

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Diplomatic Relations between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Republic of Malta

iplomatic relations between the King- Meanwhile, with regards to the economic bi- dom of Saudi Arabia and the Republic lateral relations, the last official statistics date Dof Malta began on September 1, 1975. back to 2017 and over this period the Maltese The relations between the two friendly Coun- import from the Kingdom reached 49.8 million tries are strong and have lasted for more than Euros; while the Maltese export to the Kingdom 45 years: they have been steadily consolidated reached 17.5 million Euros. According to the by the exchange of official visits by high-ranking same official data, food products occupied the Government representatives of the two Coun- first position in the list of the Maltese exports tries. A Saudi-Maltese Joint Committee was to the Kingdom, while oil represented the most indeed established to provide a framework for important resource imported from the Kingdom. cooperation, which aimed at enhancing bilater- The Kingdom looks forward to consolidating al relations in a number of areas including tour- and increasing the bilateral relations in various ism, maritime transport, health, higher educa- fields, in order to provide mutual benefit be- tion, trade and investment. Its first session took tween the two Countries and regions. place in Malta in 2013. ■ Several agreements have been reached between the two Countries: noteworthy are those on Combating Terrorism, organized Crime; Illicit Trafficking in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances and its Smuggling; the Convention between the two Governments for the Avoid- ance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Tax Evasion, with Respect to Taxes on Income and the related Protocol, and the Agreement on Cooperation in Maritime Transport.

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Diplomatic Relations between Saudi Arabia and the Republic of San Marino

fficial diplomatic relations began in 2018, after the appointment of HRH the Prince Faisal bin Sattam bin Abdulaziz as non-res- Oident Ambassador of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques to the Republic of San Marino. It is to be mentioned that the two Coun- tries have been tied, at a non-official level, by friendly relations for many years. Hence negotiations between the two Countries are evolving: they aim at reaching bilateral agreements in the field of trade promotion and investment protection. BILATERAL RELATIONS WITH The Kingdom endeavors to enhance bilateral cooperation with the Re- public and extend it to various areas in the mutual interest of the two THE REPUBLIC OF SAN MARINO Countries and regions. ■

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92 93 G20 2020 SAUDI PRESIDENCY Saudi Arabia in Focus G20 2020 SAUDI PRESIDENCY

The G20 2020 Saudi Presidency’s agenda: “Real- izing Opportunities of the 21° Century for All” Interview to Dr. Hana Omar, Second Secretary and G20 Liaison Officer at the Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Rome

What is the Saudi Building on the legacy of previous G20 Presidencies and looking for- Presidency G20 ward to Italy’s 2021 Presidency, the collective roadmap of the Saudi 2020 agenda? Arabia G20 2020 Presidency focuses on three aims: Empowering people, Safeguarding the Planet and Shaping New Frontiers. These three themes, in addition to representing the cornerstones of the UN 2030 Agenda, are to be considered fundamental to ensure worldwide sustainable development and create equal opportunities for all.

The society we live in is strongly characterized by inequalities and the gap between people is currently growing. For this reason, the G20 2020 is focused on the creation and promotion of policies that aim at equal opportunities for women and youth, promoting education, human capital, encouraging quality jobs which are adapted to the changing patterns of work and ensuring social protection.

A fundamental tool to ensure the correct implementation of these policies projects are the new technologies which, with their continuous development and application that nowadays find space in every area of the daily life of all individuals, play a fundamental role.

Saudi Arabia, with its role as President of the G20 2020, is working to collectively and uniformly adopt a framework of policies that helps to draw what is most positive from innovation, starting from helping companies to take advantages of the digital economy, to address the tax challenges arising from the digitalization of the economy and to utilize technology in infrastructure to improve quality, reduce costs and help lower the infrastructure financial gap.

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The proper utilization of innovative technologies is also fundamental to further advance cleaner energy transitions. Access to cleaner, more sustainable and affordable energy is crucial not only to safeguard the planet but also to reduce poverty and inequalities and to promote economic growth.

The Saudi Arabia G20 Presidency aims at taking concrete actions in managing emissions in all sectors and improving synergies between adaptation and mitigation measures, including nature-based solutions such as reforestation and protection and restoring marine resources.

Why is women’s Addressing persistent social and economic inequalities between wom- empowerment en and men is crucial to how women live, work and thrive and for, it’s a considered a crucial fundamental driver of sustainable development. Unleashing access to pillar for sustainable opportunities for women is integral to all dimensions of sustainable and and inclusive growth? inclusive growth and will help women to achieve their full potential in the 21st Century. The Saudi G20 Presidency is strongly committed to work in continuation with previous G20 Presidencies in making concrete progress to empower girls and women, in line with the United Nations Sus- tainable Goal number 5. In this sense, the financial inclusion for women and youth is tremendously important, because nowadays still 1.7 billion adults on earth (mostly women and youth) are excluded. The G20 members will continue to promote gender equality, including and supporting initiatives such as the “Empowerment and Progression of Women’s Eco- nomic Representation (EMPOWER).

■ The Saudi G20 Presidency is strongly committed in making concrete progress to empower girls and women, in line with the United Nations Sustainable Goal financial inclusion for women and youth is tremendously important

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How G20 Riyadh will put By empowering women, we empower societies. Arab Women on a Global Stage Together, we must work to break the barriers by Dr. Hala Maziad Altuwaijri, Secretary-General of the Family Affairs Council and create the conditions in which every woman of Saudi Arabia and head of the Women’s Empowerment Team at G20 Riyadh. can live, work and thrive

This year Saudi Arabia is hosting the G20, the first one for the MENA region, and we are putting women’s empowerment at the center of our presidency. With this commitment in mind, our team is working to ensure that women’s empowerment is considered historic throughout the G20’s discussions.

We know that empowering women and providing access to opportunities is a key driver for sustainable development. It is estimated that gender gaps cost the global economy about 15 percent of GDP a year. In the MENA region, as well as globally, women face barriers to achieving their full potential. Women make up only 21 percent of the MENA labor force. If the gender gap in labor participation had been narrowed by half in the past ten years, the region’s GDP growth rate could have doubled. The un- tapped potential is striking.

By empowering women, we empower societies. Throughout my life as a teacher and as a dean at King Saud University in Riyadh, I have witnessed women’s potential. I have seen what women can achieve for themselves, for their families and for society as a whole, when they have access to opportunities. Together, we must work to break the barriers and create the conditions in which every woman can live, work and thrive.

Women’s empowerment is a global challenge that concerns us all. As the premier forum for economic international cooperation, the G20 has taken prominent steps to advance women’s empowerment. In 2014 in Brisbane, G20 leaders committed to reduce the gender gap in labor market participation by 25 percent by 2025, and in 2020 we will examine our progress at the half-way point to this target. In 2018, the G20 focused on a gender

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mainstreaming strategy across its agenda and in 2019, the G20 launched the EMPOWER alliance, seeking to promote women’s access to leadership positions in the private sector. Saudi Arabia is proud to progress this effort in 2020.

This year, under the theme “Realizing the opportunities of the 21st century Riyadh will not for all,” the Saudi G20 presidency will focus on three overarching aims: only host the G20 Empowering people, safeguarding the planet and shaping new frontiers. leaders’ summit G20 countries will devote particular attention to key enablers that allow in November women to thrive, such as labor participation, financial inclusion and access 2020, it has also to opportunities. For example, 980 million women around the world don’t been declared have access to basic banking services. the Capital of Women’s empowerment is our collective responsibility. As the Saudi “sher- Arab Women pa,” Fahad Almubarak, states: “The G20 has a responsibility to the world 2020. to overcome current and emerging issues, to tackle global challenges together and to make the world a better place for all.” This year, the G20 will make a united effort to continue to promote women’s empowerment and ensure that society, as a whole, can share the benefits of growth and innovation, now and in the future.

In Saudi Arabia, there is still much to do, but we are making progress. Under Vision 2030, rapid reforms have been implemented to increase women’s participation in all aspects of Saudi society. This year, the World Bank’s 2020 Women Business and the Law report highlights Saudi Arabia as the country with the biggest improvements.

Riyadh will not only host the G20 leaders’ summit in November 2020, it has also been declared the Capital of Arab Women 2020. As we embark on a new era, the voices of Arab women will take a prominent place on the global stage. This is truly a historic moment and an exciting opportunity. In Saudi Arabia, in the MENA region and in the world, empowering women is as important as ever to build a brighter future for all. source: arabnews

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102 103 Special interviews Empowering Women, Empowering Societies Saudi Arabia in Focus G20 2020 SAUDI PRESIDENCY

Exclusive Interview with ucation for vulnerable populations has not matched demand so far, de- HRH Princess Maha bint Mishari Al Saud spite the common and documented benefits of it. Vice President for External Relations & Advancement, Alfaisal University; Lead co-chair G20 As Lead Co Chair for Migration & Young Societies I work alongside TF9 Migration and Young Societies; Consultant of Internal Medicine some of the world’s renowned international experts on migration and & Senior Clinical Scientist, King Faisal Specialist Hospital. young societies which bring a wealth of research to help us formulate policy based on evidence. Since the majority of unemployed women do not have work experience According to the Migrants and young societies remain the most or training, they find themselves in a disadvantaged position when International Labour vulnerable categories during the COVID 19 world competing with others both male and female, who are not first-time job Organization pandemic and as a task force we recognise that seekers, but who were laid off due to the ongoing crisis. Therefore, the (ILO), the Covid-19 they face a great challenge. More than one in six crisis will amplify the challenges for first-time female job seekers and pandemic is having a “devastating and young people have stopped working since the onset of the COVID 19 may stall their entry into the workforce. disproportionate” pandemic while those who remain employed have seen their working Private sector employment comprises a significant share of all em- impact on youth hours cut by 23 per cent, according to the International Labour Organiza- ployed females who are therefore, particularly vulnerable. However, employment, and tion (ILO). Whilst youth continue to be affected by this pandemic, young they are concentrated in a few sectors and occupations such as retail is hitting young women face a greater challenge in relation to unemployment. and education which have been hit hard by COVID-19. As a result, people – especially The Think Group (T20) highlights the importance of focusing on finding female employment is expected to face significant declines in these women – harder and faster than solutions to the Covid-19 pandemic while monitoring world attention on sectors. On the other hand, women also work in the health and social any other group. the most vulnerable populations. While the world’s focus is on fighting work activities where they are on the front line of the crisis. What are the policy the pandemic and creating conditions in order to rebuild the economy, recommendations by there are concerns that the world leaders would not give the problem Saudi Arabia T20F9 the desired attention, despite it being their top priority. to face this crisis? That is why the T20 Group calls for multi-stakeholder approaches to find solutions to the current crisis and to put vulnerable populations’ education at the top of the agenda. We believe that it is necessary to find solutions to mitigate the effects of the dropout from education and to solve the issue of absence or lack of basic services such as nutrition and support for mental health resulting from school closures. Stakeholders from different sectors realize that education is not only about providing opportunities for professional growth and increasing family incomes, but also it has more important and impacting societal consequences, because it can contribute to lift societies out of poverty. Girls and women’s access to education is directly related to a decrease in both child mortality and employment of young people. Financing ed-

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holders to meet the 4% target for education as a total share of humanitarian budgets. We also highlight the support for small and medium-size enterprises through the generation of rapid assistance programs delivered through Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) to SMEs in developing countries, and finally, global educational aid initiative for forcibly displaced children: education is an utmost consequential pillar for upward mobility. Thus, it is time to improve the access of refugee children to online education. Forcibly displaced children have limited choices and alternatives when it comes to escaping some of the harsh- est realities of their situations. We recom- Furthermore, due to the crisis, schools and childcare facilities have re- mend making to bare minimum needs for these students, extensively mained closed. Consequently, the demand for family and home related COVID-19 should impacted by social distancing measures. Accordingly, an aid initiative work, which falls primarily on women, has increased. This may also be seen as an to allocate funds for devices and communal internet - having Wi-Fi discourage women from seeking employment or remaining in the work- opportunity throughout buildings, in camps, or in large parks capable of handling force, thereby compounding their challenges. to accelerate the traffic - would without a doubt drastically impact refugee children I believe that the COVID-19 crisis has underscored the challenges that vul- planned reforms for the better. nerable societies still face in today’s economy. For this reason, COVID- 19 that could make In summary, the international community should support the vulner- should be seen as an opportunity to accelerate planned reforms that could able and deepen partnerships with UN agencies, private sector and further inroads make further inroads into women empowerment within the workforce. international organizations. We believe it’s necessary to call for the im- into women As Lead Co-chair we have presented some suggestions to the T20 provement of global governance of forced migration, youth and women empowerment task force on considerations that are centred around encouraging poli- support. Therefore, G20 countries should promote bilateral relations within the cy makers and government officials to view education as an investment with countries-of-origins from which most immigrants emigrate, thus for the future and as a common public good, linking education to sup- workforce. enabling development in sectors that could bring them jobs and sta- port a Global Fund for Universal Social Protection. bility. Finally, it is important to conduct research and create projects The COVID 19 pandemic and the subsequent global economic crisis concerning the future of migration, youth development and women em- make lives of migrant, refugee, and internally displaced youth more powerment in a global manner that suit all countries. painful. Therefore, we recommend member states to work in collaboration with the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, the In- ternational Committee of the Red Cross, and other humanitarian stake-

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Youth According to the “Global Employment Trends for Youth 2020” Report, Mexico and Argentina. Saudi Arabia has also the highest population unemployment may published by the International Labour Organization (ILO), Youth unem- growth rate among the G20 nations and these two exceptional and be a challenge in ployment rate is globally higher than adults and overall unemployment unique facts make youth employment an overarching policy priority. many parts of the rate. The ILO also states that “Youth unemployment is widely viewed as The Saudi Human Resources Development Fund (HRDF) has been world, but in the an important policy issue for many countries, regardless of their stage engaged in a research policy collaboration with Evidence for Policy Middle East, where almost 65 percent of development”. Saudi Arabia is doing its best showing great progress Design (EPoD) at Harvard Kennedy School to produce concrete, ev- of the population is and aiming at great ambitions: Vision 2030 specifically intends to un- idence-based insights to inform better policy. One of the early prod- younger than 30, it lock the talent, the potential, and the dedication of young men and ucts of EPoD-HRDF collaboration was a paper entitled ‘Back to work is an overarching women while promising continuous investment in education and train- in a new economy: background paper on the Saudi labour market’. policy priority. Saudi ing which will lead to a promising future for youth employment. The paper analysed the underlying causes of the Saudi labour market Arabia has a young Saudi Vision 2030 is built around three pillars – a vibrant society, a constraints, providing also an economic framework for subsequent re- population and the highest population thriving economy, and an ambitious nation. For an economy to thrive, search. Since then, 24 distinct research projects were funded. growth rate among the labour market is the key because it is where policies are made, tak- These research projects findings have very much helped all related the G20 nations. ing into consideration evidence-based insights. The vision has 13 reali- parties and entities in the Kingdom to reach informed, effective, and What are the main zation programs one of which is the “Human Capital Development Pro- efficient decisions. “The Labour Market in Saudi Arabia: Background, policies embarked gram”. The aim of the program is to improve the outputs of education Areas of Progress, and Insights for the Future” research found that by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on an international level, in alignment with the needs of development Saudi Arabia has witnessed a dramatic increase in university enrol- to reduce youth and the local and global labour market. The outputs of the program will ment in the last decade; educational attainment has grown rapidly, yet unemployment? enhance the efficiency of human capital within the Kingdom to achieve returns to education are low; level of unemployment in Saudi Arabia comprehensiveness, quality, and flexibility is relatively high overall, and particularly high thus promoting the Kingdom’s regional leader- among women and youth. ship and international competitiveness. The same mentioned above research has According to the International Labour Organ- found that the job-seeking process for univer- ization, youth unemployment refers to the sity graduates depend on their social networks share of the labour force aged 15-24 , without and so Saudi government launched and oper- work, but available and seeking employment. ated programs that connect relevant job seek- The Saudi General Authority for Statistics pub- ers with employers e.g. TAMHEER which gives lished a special report entitled “Saudi Youth in access to Saudi graduates to participate in the Numbers” celebrating the International Youth labour market and SAQF (the Saudi Arabian Day last year. According to the report, Saudis Qualification Framework) which aims at inte- aged 15 – 24 account for 18.6% of the total grating education, training and employment in population. Saudi Arabia has the highest youth a unified system. population amongst the G20 countries with a Saudization is another national program im- significant difference between it, followed by plemented by the Saudi Ministry of Human

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Resources and Social Development in which Saudi companies and Due to its Irregular migration is a complex and diverse phenomenon and poses enterprises are required to have Saudi national workers up to certain geographical very real dilemmas for states, as well as exposing migrants themselves levels. The program is part of the 2030 Vision reforms and was brought position, Italy is one to insecurity and vulnerability. Most states have been challenged to of the countries about in the largest segments of the private sector, due to the under- manage or control irregular migration, effectively or efficiently, like Italy. most affected by representation of Saudi nationals. Saudi workers are significantly more What is required are therefore new, more effective and coherent ap- irregular migration: expensive, having more employment protections, compared to expa- waves of young proaches to address the issue of irregular migration that recognize both triate workers, which makes them less attractive to private companies, people embark on the concerns of states in this respect and the need to protect the rights according to “The Labour Market in Saudi Arabia: Background, Areas journeys of hope - of irregular migrants. At the same time, it is important to be realistic of Progress, and Insights for the Future” research report. Since the taking very high risks about expectations. Irregular migration will continue for the foreseeable for their lives - with majority of Saudi employees work in the public sector, a central Vision future, although it may be possible to reduce its scale. the goal of arriving 2030 goal is to reduce the percentage of public sector Saudi employ- in Europe. Irregular One reason is that the scale of international migration is determined by ees to 20 percent by 2030. migration poses powerful forces (for example growing disparities in the level of prosper- multiple challenges ity and human security experienced by different societies), however the to countries of ability to modify them is very limited. In addition, even if there is mo- origin, transit and mentum towards a degree of liberalization in certain parts of the world, destination, as regular migration channels will not be opened on a sufficient scale to well as to migrants themselves. satisfy total demand to move. What are the policies In certain parts of the world, policy on irregular migration is driven by and the key factors the perception (whether accurate or not) that countries risk to be ‘over- identified by the whelmed’ by large numbers of irregular migrants who embody threat T20 Saudi Arabia to countries and society. Control measures introduced by countries task force 9 to limit are therefore unlikely to be dismantled wholesale. Nevertheless, coun- irregular migration? tries are increasingly willing to acknowledge that the current policy approaches have had only limited success, and many are at least willing to consider new alternatives. One of the important actions that must be taken toward the limitation of irregular migration is establishing a global basis that aims at not only limiting illegal migrants, but also presenting solutions related to the reasons why migrants leave their homelands such as job creation, increasing female education, empowering women in job sectors, and supporting youth to get access to the latest courses and education programs in technologies and sciences. Moreover, it is essential to support higher education through practical and educational development programs, which are adopted by gov-

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ernment and countries including those members of the G20, the inter- migrants and increase access to universities and technical training for national community and the UN, supported by the private sector and young adults by increasing funding and strengthening the communities international organizations that most significantly deal with migration of interest. and youth. Lastly, the burden-sharing principle should be taken seri- ously among those that are bordered with migrant-producing countries, due to the reception of a high number of migrants. As a task force we understand that inclusive migrant integration is a delicate and complicated process that involves a wide range of options depending on the geographic, cultural, and socio-economic contexts. However, some of the challenges can be addressed through solutions applied across all contexts, for example policies need to honor the rights and respect of the migrants that makes them feel part of a community and we suggest different integration processes like investing in education and training. By saying this we also highlight the need for countries to ensure that such policies are not only focused towards the integration of the migrants, but rather the whole local community. A key measure of successful migrant integration is the acceptance from host communities of the migrants. Our policy recommendations center on raising productivity through human capital investment by increasing women participation in Labour, extending retirement age, investment in informal and technical education, fiscal framework services, and looking at public spending taxation reforms; developing a diagnostic process in order to understand host countries’ financial architecture and the demographics of the displaced people; writing a new protocol that will solve the burden-sharing problem of forced migration and assure the safety and dignity of people; encouraging entrepreneurship among refugees and help local business supported by education legal and financial support. In the face of labor shortages and aging demographics, human capital investment in migrant-sending countries is more important right now, especially with closing borders in the pandemics. The technical vocational education and training schemes will consider the needs of destination countries while seeking improvement for countries of origin. This will improve the prospects of integration for the

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Migrants and In response to the global pandemic a new task force “TF11: (COVID-19) Your Royal According to the WHO at least half of the world’s population still does refugees’ existing Multidisciplinary Approaches to Complex Problems” was established. Highness, You’re not have full coverage of essential health services. About 100 million vulnerabilities have The new task force aims at helping framing the study issues linked to also a doctor, a people are still being pushed into extreme poverty (defined as living on been exacerbated the current crisis that will be organized under the following overarching member of the 1.90 USD or less a day) because they have to pay for health care and by the COVID-19 American Board of themes: Health, Socio-Economic Considerations, Markets & Financial over 930 million people (around 12% of the world’s population) spend at pandemic, limiting internal medicine. their full access Institutions, Multilateralism and Climate & Environment. The overarch- How is the G20 least 10% of their household budgets to pay for health care. to information ing goal will help consolidate the best thought leadership from around Saudi Presidency All UN Member States have agreed to try to achieve Universal Health and health care. the world, so as to provide courses of action to reduce suffering and working to promote Coverage (UHC) by 2030, as part of the Sustainable Development Many migrants, expedite a transition to reconstruction. the Universal Health Goals. with irregular Coverage (UHC)? COVID-19 is yet to impact all parts of life. It is clear that such a pan- Many countries are already making progress towards UHC. All coun- status, don’t dare to ask for help for demic not only impacted the business and economy, but also other do- tries can take actions to move more rapidly towards it, or to maintain the fear of detention mains such as social interactions, health, and others. Although Coro- gains they have already made. In countries where health services have and deportation. navirus is seen as a dilemma, it is also considered as an incentive to traditionally been accessible and affordable, governments are finding it Structural push governments and citizens to consider other means of interactions increasingly difficult to respond to the ever-growing health needs of the inequalities in daily services, health, education, etc. Now almost all of the countries populations and the increasing costs of health services. significantly limit worldwide have depended somehow on the virtual process either in UHC requires strengthening health systems in all countries and robust the effectiveness of measures taken to the economic or health one. This led even to the development of the financing structures are the key. When people have to pay most of the contain the spread person-centred health system by giving an online platform accessed by cost for health services out of their own pockets, the poor are often un- of the virus. patients and their doctors irrespective of times and places. able to obtain many of the services they need, and even the rich may How the coronavirus be exposed to financial hardship in the event of severe or long-term is impacting on illness. Pooling funds from compulsory funding sources (such as man- the migration datory insurance contributions) can spread the financial risks of illness policies and related regulations? Can across a population. this crisis contribute Improving health service coverage and health outcomes depends on to enable a person- the availability, accessibility, and capacity of health workers to deliver centered health quality people-centred integrated care. Investments in quality primary system? health care will be the cornerstone to achieve UHC around the world. Investing in the primary health care workforce is the most cost-effective way to ensure access to essential health care. Good governance, sound systems of procurement and supply of medicines and health technologies and well-functioning health information systems are other critical elements.

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You are a leading Young women entering the workforce are usually faced with a dilem- advocate for the ma, should they concentrate on their career path or pursue creating a advancement of family? We have lost many talented creative dedicated professionals female education. for this choice. Education is Creating a career path and a workplace environment that is nurturing certainly one of the most and that supports the needs of young families is paramount as much important means of as covering child care, protecting family time, transportation and edu- empowering women. cation, mental health and so on. Everything else in terms of opportunity Today, there are and access to education and career choice has been addressed and more women than being made available. men enrolled in the Saudi universities. Another challenge is the paucity of women role models in leadership However, positions. They are the mentors and inspiration of future generations, employment rates being these both men and women. Equity and a safe work environment have not followed are the only culture that is conducive to a healthy, vibrant and thriving these educational workplace. trends. In your opinion, what is the main challenge in increasing women participation in the workforce?

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Exclusive Interview with the two countries on the global importance of culture. We also invite HH Princess Haifa Al Mogrin our Italian friends to visit Saudi Arabia and enjoy the diverse cultural Saudi Arabia’s permanent representative to the United Nations heritage and try authentic Saudi Arabian cuisine. Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and Assistant Deputy Minister for G20 Affairs under the Ministry of Economy and Planning

Saudi Arabia is Culture is a global common denominator that a member of the preserves the world’s heritage to bring people UNESCO Executive closer and strengthens the bases of dialogue, Council. How is the exchange and understanding between them. kingdom extending cooperation with all We are committed to preserving the world’s heritage as members of other members and the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible promoting tolerance Cultural Heritage and as members of the World Heritage Committee. with the main goal We believe that we have a significant role in building cultural bridges of preserving Arab between member states. Together, we will contribute to safeguarding culture our heritage in a spirit of cooperation and mutual assistance. Our ef- and heritage? forts will lead to a better understanding of our strong relations as well as promoting tolerance and respect through highlighting the common ground between us – that is our humanity.

The friendship The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Republic of Italy share strong between Saudi relations. The history of Saudi-Italian relations date back to almost 90 Arabia and The years. The year 2019 has witnessed outstanding developments in this Republic of Italy regard. One great example is the event called “The Italian Village”, and is the basic pillar of Saudi-Italian it was held in conjunction with the Italian Super Cup match in Jeddah in relations. What role January, 2019. Furthermore, we had the chance to showcase some of did Saudi Arabia play our cultural treasures with our friends in Italy during the ‘Roads of Ara- in order to maintain bia’ exhibition held in Rome, other than that we still have a lot to share. such a strong More recently, Saudi Arabia signed a cultural agreement with the Italian relationship? government to host a high-level cultural conference on the margins of the G20 meetings in 2021, which highlights the aligned vision between

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Exclusive Interview with Women have been The empowerment of women in the Saudi labor market has made great Ms. Hind Al Zahid hit harder by socio leaps over the past two years, as the economic participation of Saudi Deputy Minister for Women’s Empowerment at the Ministry –economic impacts women jumped from 17% in 2017 to 26% by the end of 2019. of COVID-19. Which of Human Resource and Social Development As a host of G20, Saudi Arabia has as additional responsibility and is Saudi Arabia’s great opportunity to contribute to this ongoing priority, which includes strategic plan to empower women a global effort to reduce the impact of COVID 19 on our labour market in light of the and the promotion and building on agreed and accepted international Saudi women are Women empowerment is one of Vision 2030 challenges posed by principles and standards. expected to play objectives, having more women in leadership the panademic? Adopting social protection is a specific policy priority for our presiden- a vital role in the positions is one this objective KPIs. as the per- Saudi vision 2030. cy: indeed we aim at reflecting the change patterns of work with the centage of women in senior and middle man- Which is the share purpose of ensuring success to adequate social protection for all. agement positions is currently 25.9%, and this is a great challenge. of the women in This is of critical importance not only due to the impact of COVID 19 but the leadership This is what led the Ministry laying out several initiatives to achieve also due to its effects on a long run. positions in Saudi and raise this percentage to 30% by 2030. Gender balance program, Gender equality remains a high priority as we recognize the impact of Arabia today? And The National Platform for Women Leaders QIYADYAT.gov.sa within the COVID 19 crisis on women’s work. We must ensure that these objectives which are the major gender balance program, is a digital tool that enables government and policies or goals set remain high on our policy agendas throughout the recovery and beyond. private sectors to have access to female leaders in order to nominate by the ministry to have more women them to leadership roles. in top leadership We also launched the Women Leaders Program in cooperation with positions and in INSEAD business school, to train and guide 1,700 women around the decision-making? Kingdom. Last but not least, we are working with the capital market authority to have more women on the board of listed companies and at least 30% of them on the directors’ one.

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Technology The Kingdom has witnessed a major revolution in technology and this significantly is still happening and the presence of Saudi women in this revolution enhanced its has become clearer and clearer. Perhaps e-marketing as well as its role during the use of software interfaces is one of the most important areas for us, COVID-19 crisis. How technology can because of the presence of women in the field of data science, busi- empower women ness analysis, artificial intelligence, robotics and forums. The Ministry and what is its role in of Communications and Information Technology in the Kingdom has a Saudi society? department for empowering women in the field of communications and information technology, as it works through initiatives and projects in cooperation with major professional companies to transfer and develop competencies and experiences as well as create initiatives to raise the contribution of Saudi women in the field of communications and information technology in the private and non-profit sector.

Forbes Arabia A woman is still a man’s partner in the journey of life, as he and despite pointed out your her woman’s entry into the field of business, she still bears the respon- business talent sibility for her home and her family even in the presence of servants and success and and providing full care and support for them. We know that women described you can work in more than one task at the same time and this distinguish- as one of the most promising es them a lot from men. The requirements of life have become more entrepreneurs in and it has become necessary for women to work regardless of their Saudi Arabia. How aspirations and self-fulfillment. I believe that the presence of good or- work-life balance ganization in time management, awareness and understanding by the helps women to husband, father, brother and family is of great importance for women’s succeed? participation in work and as a partner in facing life’s responsibilities. This is the biggest reason for success, by working with and investing in women.

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Exclusive Interview with What was in your ally accepted and clear division: he is the breadwinner and she is the Dr. Thuraya Al Arrayed opinion the most mother\house caretaker. Islam had always granted females the right Writer, poet and former member of the Consultative important watershed of inheritence, owning and managing their financial assets, but social moment in this (Shoura) Council (2013-2017) traditions sometimes denied them these and other rights. Crucial steps regard? and what is have recently been taken control abuse; taking a formal stand in order the next crucial step to take? to let women have full citizenship, entitling them to the rights of making decisions in their personal life, allowing them to study and work in any You are right, since I was young, in my writ- field they like, giving them the freedom of movement as in driving and ings and poetry I have always been involved in having co-ownership of important family status documents. Dr. Thuraya, you gender issues prodding readers to see females The next crucial step is to fully implement all these new laws that are have always been engaged in gender from a human rather than physical perspective and asking decision translated into actual rights in all cases and assure the full protection by issues and in the makers to make fairer just policies. The long road towards women em- the official legal system. role of women powerment in KSA, as in the rest of the Arab world, started with opening as social and the gate of public education to females. That happened by a royal de- developmental cision of King Abdulaziz bin Saud founder of the Kingdom in its current change agents. extent. It took the devout support of enlightened educated men to push Under Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia for social acceptance and more official visible decisions and steps in has taken a fast that direction. The case for women participation in the public domain, step forward, was well and quietly fought and ultimately towards women won, by taking on responsibility for paid jobs. empowerment, but Females had traditionally taken on financially the long road toward gender equality in and with family needs, but literacy opened the the Kingdom started gates to work outside family realms as school many years ago. teachers and medical doctors. Can you please As life requirements changed from simple feed- provide us with your ing the dependents to provision of complex perspective and needs of educated brains, the stage changed; considerations on the history of women financial needs of families grew and working empowerment in daughters and wives became to supplement Saudi Arabia? the needs of the family. Today the vital presence of females in developing the total wellbeing of our country as a whole has become a matter of fact, although some still prefer the roles to have the tradition-

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You have reached In Arabic we have a saying; “Every girl is an admirer of her father”. I am For hundreds of Arabs’ heritage is oral.They always had great reverence to poetry as the many achievements inspired by both my parents. My father was a talented multi language years, poetry has highest form of eloquence. Poets were the carriers of historical record- and recognition been the pre- poet, writer,educator, academic, diplomat,and more importantly a real ings of events of glory and pride, as well as war sufferings and victories in your life. Who eminent form of change agent in the society, in terms of fully believing in women’s ca- of their communities. In present times this function has been slowly inspired you the artistic expression most and how? pability and right to be educated and to work and also his belief in the in Saudi Arabia. filled by written books and Ministries of Information and Foreign Affairs. right of all men and women to respect regardless of differences of race, From one generation Still an eloquent poem can convey public sentiment towards any issue sect and economic strata. My mother made it clear to me that being to another, Saudis of public concern (be it social or political, local or international) to the respected is a matter of responsible and dependable behavior. She did have built on this reader or listener in a way that official statements cannot achieve. great tradition not have any modern schooling, but truly encouraged all her daughters with renowned to achieve excellence in their scholastic and work positions. contemporary poets I am also thoroughly inspired by the character, achievements and suc- like yourself. What cesses of King Abdulaziz the founder of modern Saudi Arabia who, like are the intersections the Italian hero, Garibaldi, unified the vast areas of local communities of poetry and politics into one solid state, at an age when other empires were falling apart. in Saudi Arabia? Is poetry a driver for That ambitious youngman was a real capable wise and determined social change in the statesman with a clear vision and goal. Presently, I am inspired by Kingdom? his grandson, the present crown prince; I see in him a miracle worker transforming Saudi Arabia and transporting it to the front of important nations beyond being a rich oil exporter to a major player in world politics. May Allah give me the joy of living to see our dreams and projects realized fully.

Today we are In this day and age it is a bit presumptuous to try to sum what any celebrating the nationality portrays as an identity. However, I can safely say that, gen- Saudi National Day. erally, Saudies on the 90th anniversary of the inception of our coun- What do you think try are ambitious, God fearing, respectful of authority and loyal to the represents the Saudi identity the most? leadership as their great grandfathers were, even though they have successfully jumped to attain highest technological advances and successfully moved from nomadic, trading, and rural life style to urban civic integrated communities, in less than a century.

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Exclusive Interview with In 2019, G20 focus on issues like care work, equal access to opportunities, reducing Dr. Hala bint Mazyad Al-Tuwaijri launched the the gender gap, and improving women’s financial literacy. Secretary-General of the Family Affairs Council of Saudi Arabia EMPOWER Alliance, seeking to promote and head of G20 Women’s Empowerment Team women’s access to leadership positions in the private sector. How the G20 Saudi According to the The priorities of KSA’s presidency were de- presidency supports United Nations, clared towards the end of 2019, before the and progresses COVID-19 could pandemic, and women’s empowerment was EMPOWER efforts? reverse the limited placed at the heart of KSA’s priorities as a Women make up progress that has cross-cutting concept. Accordingly, the Women’s Empowerment team only 21% of the been made on MENA labor force. was formed by the G20 Saudi Sherpa to highlight women’s empow- gender equality, In Saudi Arabia, women’s rights and erment across working groups. Covid-19 made it a necessity that the what policies and women leadership Saudi presidency addressed the ramifications of the pandemic in all as- reforms have been and contributions. pects of the economy, including women’s empowerment. The women’s implemented to This should be empowerment team worked closely with working groups to assure that promote female put at the heart labor force a gender lens was implemented in discussions of covid-19 responses. of resilience and participation under The result was clearly translated in commitments and statements that recovery. Have the Vision 2030? Have G20 discussions directly addressed the need to mitigate challenges faced by women in financial inclusion been a gender- all aspects of their economic and developmental contributions, such and digital inclusion sensitive approach as the declaration put forward by the Employment Ministers in the Ex- policies been in response to the traordinary Ministers meeting in April when they agreed not to “allow implemented? The KSA G20 presidency made significant progress in EMPOWER, pandemic and the recovery phase? COVID-19 to widen inequalities, including gender inequalities in the la- which was launched in Japan in 2019. The EMPOWER alliance is in- bor market and erode progress made thus far.” tended to build and maintain, for each G20 member, an alliance or network within the private sector in order to identify challenges and Gender gap costs Women were at the frontlines facing the pandemic on many levels. share evidence-based analysis, practical lessons learned, knowledge about 15% of the According to WHO, 70% of frontline health practitioners were women. and best practices that support the greater recruitment and advance- global economy GDP. Could women’s Women also carried the responsibilities of care work, which was load- ment of women as business leaders. In 2020, the alliance will issue empowerment be ed with online education and nursing as well as taking care of elderly commitments from the private sector and then suggest recommenda- considered as one relatives or people with disabilities. Add to it that women were main- tions for G20 leaders. Over the year, the alliance reached its decorum, of the key drivers of ly employed in sectors that were the most affected by the pandemic with representatives nominated from 24 countries, and the Terms of economic recovery like hospitality and SMES. Therefore, serious measures for recovery Reference—in collaboration with Canada, Japan and Italy—was swiftly after Covid-19 and should address these risks that women face, and should reiterate the accepted by all members. Hence, despite the challenges caused by beyond?

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the pandemic, the Saudi president of the alliance managed to organize important steps to the Arab League. The Riyadh declaration, women, was an outcome of and hold three EMPOWER meetings. The fourth and last meeting for be taken in the path the Kingdom’s presidency of the 2020 Committee. The declaration is 2020 is scheduled on October 24. We have also encouraged network- towards gender a year round celebration through media campaigns and several initia- equality? ing between members via two informal voluntary coffee chats that will tives that highlight the kingdom’s relentless efforts to empower women take place virtually and will be open for private sector advocates and and increase their participation in the labor market. EMPOWER members as well. G20 countries have committed to improve gender equality and reduce One of the main objectives of Vision 2030 is increasing the participa- the gender gap. The United Nations also launched the Sustainable De- tion of women in the labor market. This requires implementing instru- velopment Goals with an emphasis on 5 goals in order to reach gender mental measures to enhance the financial participation of women, such equality. This shows that gender equality is a global issue that pertains as implementing policies at different levels, amending certain legisla- to many challenges. The KSA has implemented many instrumental tions and injecting some initiatives that enable and empower women. amendments to policies in order to ensure that the legal framework The outcomes of such a comprehensive approach were reflected in in the Kingdom offers equal access to women. The next steps will be the steady increase in female participation, as well as in the ranking of to ensure effective implementation, measurable impacts, and efficient the KSA in international reports and indices. For example, in the 2020 practices. Women, Business and Law report, the World bank highlighted Saudi Arabia as the country with the biggest improvement in the index since 2017. Saudi Arabia improved its status in six out of eight indicators measured by the report which include mobility, workplace, marriage, parenthood, entrepreneurship and pension.

Riyadh, which will The government of Saudi Arabia in collaboration with the private and host the G20 leaders’ non government entities has launched initiatives regarding the empow- summit in November erment of women, such as: 2020, has been ■ The establishment of a national digital platform that collects and dis- declared the Capital plays data of women in leadership positions “Qiyadyat.” of Arab Women 2020, under the ■ “Qurrah” program which provides access to childcare centers to en- slogan “Women are able women to join and remain in the workforce. a homeland and an ■ “Wusool” program which provides women with transportation subsi- ambition”. Can you dies to enable them to join and remain in the workforce. please tell us more ■ KSA Cyber Security initiative by National Cyber Security Authority about this important recognition? that aims at boosting representation of women in cybersecurity jobs. In your opinion, The decision was taken at the 39th session of the Arab Women Com- what are the next mittee, which was held last February in Riyadh under the umbrella of

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Exclusive Interview with Ms. Sarah R. Al-Husseini General Director for International Cooperation at the Saudi Ministry of Tourism and Chair of the G20 Tourism Working Group

Tourism is Tourism is a truly dynamic sector. Last year considered the most global travel and tourism growth outpaced the dynamic sector one of the global economy for the ninth year in and was the fastest a row, at 3.5% versus 2.5%. In addition, follow- growing before pandemic. Will ing Saudi Arabia’s historic launch of the tourist tourism soon show e-visa in September 2019, the Kingdom experienced a surge in interna- its adaptability to the tional tourism with travel and tourism GDP increasing by 14.0% - one of The G20 2020 Saudi Absolutely. Our chosen theme reflects the fact that tourism is ultimately new context and will the highest rates globally. it be able to reaffirm Presidency focuses all about people. Tourism has the power to transform lives by stimulating While the global pandemic has caused the biggest blow to our sector to this leadership? How on Tourism as a economic growth and development, providing jobs and livelihoods, and date, at the same time, I believe it led to highlight the importance of tour- “Force for Human- tourism restart in the spreading inter-cultural understanding, tolerance and peace. Coupled ism more widely. With international travel and tourism being brought to a centred Middle East area is with the sector’s efforts in environmental sustainability as well as the crucial to overcome standstill at global level, people have learnt just how much their countries’ Economic Growth”. cooperation between the public and private sector, tourism is a main Covid19 economic and towns’ economies rely on it. Meanwhile it has encouraged people Is the tourism sector a major force to contributor to the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals. crisis? to explore destinations closer to home, strengthening domestic tourism, empower people Before the global pandemic, the travel and tourism sector employed and demonstrating the adaptability of travelers and the sector itself. and to reach the more than 300 million people, representing 1 in 10 jobs on the plan- It is estimated that Saudi citizens spend $15 billion abroad each year. Sustainable et, and over the last five years, 1 in 4 new jobs created was in travel Our Saudi Summer campaign was launched in June this year and aimed Development Goals? and tourism. With low barriers to entry in terms of skills, education and at encouraging Saudis to explore local destinations. It has been a great training, as well as relatively low startup costs for entrepreneurs, tour- success, with 10 destinations in the Kingdom showcasing the incredible ism offers employment opportunities to marginalized groups of people, variety of experiences within Saudi Arabia. Saudi citizens made 18 mil- including women, youth and those living in rural communities. lion visits in just the first month, and since the end of June Saudis have At the same time, demand for sustainable tourism is growing rapidly, generated over SAR8 billion in domestic tourism spending. and we have ensured that the principles of sustainability, responsibility Through this, we have also demonstrated two important things: firstly, and inclusivity lie at the heart of Saudi Arabia’s tourism development that people do want to travel and have these experiences again, and strategies. The Al Ula Project is a great example of this: a flagship sus- secondly, that tourism can be done in a safe way. This is a solid founda- tainable destination, where travelers can enjoy the best of our culture, tion to build upon as we welcome back international travelers from the heritage and history, without worrying about potential negative impacts beginning of next year. on the environment or local populations.

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What the Saudi G20 As the first Arab host of the G20, Saudi Arabia recognized at the outset What’s the state of There is a bright future ahead of us. Opening the Kingdom’s doors to Presidency can of the Kingdom’s Presidency that tourism should be a major focus of being for the tourism international tourists will continue to increase opportunities for Saudis do for the tourism this year’s G20. The priority for this year’s TWG was set to “Tourism as sector in Saudi both economically and socially, and showcase our unique culture to the Arabia? sector? a means of sustainable socio-economic development”. Underneath this world. At the crossroads of three continents, Saudi Arabia sits within priority, the Al Ula Framework for Inclusive Community Development a vast region, with a dynamic population, a rich history and exciting highlights the importance of sustainable and inclusive growth and the offerings – which we are excited to share with the world. We strongly Seamless Travel and Improved Traveler Experience report emphasizes believe that tourism promotes openness, improves quality of life, and the growing impact of technology and the importance of a good trav- safeguards natural and cultural heritage for future generations – all key eler experience. The outbreak of Covid-19 has undoubtedly impacted aspects of Saudi’s Vision 2030, and something that all Saudi citizens and re-shaped our agenda. Since March, the Ministry of Tourism has can be proud of, whether at home or abroad. been collaborating with public and private sector partners to establish a coordinated response to the pandemic, in partnership with the tourism industry. In April, the Tourism Ministers have met in an Extraordinary Meeting to discuss an aligned response to the crisis and have agreed to measures that protect businesses and employees, foster the sector’s recovery, and build its resilience for the future. Indeed, we also updated our two outcomes to incorporate communities’ resilience and gathered additional best practices and recommendations on digital health checks in airports and other aspects of crisis management. Going forward, we look to continue our cooperation to ensure further progress on tourism policies during Italy’s G20 Presidency in 2021.

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Exclusive Interview with And after the Our wishes are for Italy to succeed, and to reflect on the year of the Ms. Sarah A. Assiri summit? Saudi presidency of the G20. It is the spirit of continuity that moves Saudi Diplomat, First Secretary, the economy and the development, providing continuous support for G20 office at the Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs humanity in various fields and providing new opportunities for people to advance the economy and the development, to protect the environment, and allow opportunities to exchange experiences towards a better life and future. What distinguishes Within the COVID19 global challenge, it took the the Saudi lead in finding solutions and addressing many As a Saudi diplomat, I joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs more than 10 years ago. My ear- presidency? issues with brave initiatives. The G20 under where do you see liest memory goes back to the words of His Royal Highness, the late the Saudi Presidency enhanced global coop- the role of Saudi Minister of Foreign Affairs Prince Saud Al Faisal: “We must always be eration aiming at fighting the pandemic and safeguarding the global women in the optimistic”. Years after I worked with H.E. Ambassador Mohammad Al economy. The meetings continued to function and the outcomes are diplomatic field? Jaber, Ambassador of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to Yemen, from paving the way to ensure the achievement of the Presidency. whom I gained a great experience expanding my perception of diplomacy, I engaged with the UN, INGOs and I spoke in the United Nations, What is the The extraordinary summit of G20 leaders and most importantly, its out- in Paris and in other places, about the Saudi Humanitarian work, help- contribution of comes, such as, the time-bound suspension of debts for poor countries ing to alleviate the suffering of our brothers and sisters in Yemen. the Kingdom’s and of course the meeting of G20 Foreign Ministers. Discussing the presidency to the I am passionate about global cooperation, a passion that grows every- strengthening of international cooperation across borders, taking into G20 in strengthening day now, while I’m working in the International Multilateral Affairs in account preventive measures, and national regulations for countries, international MOFA, along with working in the G20 office with a dynamic team aim- cooperation? which addresses uniting families and recovering the economy. ing at contributing all that we can to achieve success. As diplomats, As for the Kingdom’s presidency, I would like to say that “Realizing Op- we are exclusive for not being exclusive. Everywhere is a place to work, portunities of the 21st Century for All” only reaffirms the importance of and every hour can be an hour to meet, work, and every trip is a win- Global Cooperation. dow that make our everyday stories our biographies.

What are the The biggest challenge that the globe faced is COVID-19 pandemic, challenges that the with its impact on health and economy, which directly affects human world faced and life, along with the urgent need to find a vaccine. To address these what has the G20 challenges, the G20 provided 21 billion USD to support international presented under the Kingdom’s efforts in order to respond to COVID19, among which Saudi Arabia presidency? contributed with 500 million USD. The G20 injected more than 10 trillion USD supporting the global economy and helped a great number of poor and most vulnerable countries with the debt suspension initiative.

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Exclusive Interview with Is the Saudi Athletes’ Saudi Arabia is very active in the development of sports within its cul- Ms. Dalma Malhas Commission ture, through clear and active strategies for both athletes and the pub- Show jumper, first Saudi female Youth Olympic Games medallists and engaged to the lic, especially the youth. development of national team member in the Saudi Arabian Olympic Committee As I mentioned earlier, the SAOC’s Athletes Commission recently host- sports culture in Saudi Arabia and ed a virtual forum under the patronage of SAOC’s President and Min- to the promotion of ister of sports, HRH Abdulaziz bin Turki Al Faisal. This was a great the Olympic values opportunity to address athletes’ concerns and solutions to decision Sport has only The Saudi Arabian Olympic Committee has among the society? makers. At the same time it raised awareness on the importance of recently started adopted many new strategies and it is aiming sport and the magnitude of the world class events to come. playing an important at intensively promoting sports in the Kingdom. role in Saudi We are very active in promoting and highlighting the Olympic values. The president of SAOC, Prince Abdul Aziz bin society. Training A major conference that took place in King Abdullah sports city is only Turki Al Faisal, chaired several driving initiatives involving different par- Olympic athletes one of the many initiatives working towards our objective. The pres- in Saudi Arabia, ties, from athletes, strategists, technical professionals and federations ence of HH Prince Fahd bin Jalawi bin Abdulaziz bin Musaed, Direc- which is now in the in order to promote athlete skills and capabilities and make them com- tor of International Relations of the Saudi Arabian Olympic Committee process of building pete worldwide. sports ecosystem, and Ms. Anna Azevedo, Director of Educational Programmes at the The SAOC’s Athletes Commission was founded in 2019 and recently must have been International Olympic Committee promoted and directly introduced the hosted the first international athlete’s forum. Our purpose is to raise the challenging. What Olympic values to several segments of society. is the strategy of level of awareness between the population through all modern and clas- the Saudi Arabian sical ways; as well as providing support and infrastructures to further Olympic Committee advance our level. For example, Qiddiya is one of the mega projects that to foster elite aims at transforming the sports landscape in the country. “It will cater to athletes? all participants, from people who want to take part in recreational sports to developmental programs and elite athlete training facilities” Another key strategy is locally hosting world class competitions. The Diri- yah Equestrian festival is where I had the privilege to compete last year. It was a big honor and the dream to compete on home soil at such a competitive level came true. Moreover, another major event I’m really looking forward to is the 2024 Equestrian World Cup that will be hosted in Riyadh.

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How sport is The development of women’s sports and physical activity is aligned Your personal Sport gives an enormous opportunity to gain a lot: to learn, to win and promoting woman with the aspects of Saudi Vision 2030. It aims at improving the health athlete experience empowerment and to lose, to be part of a team. It makes us aware that there are rules, and the fitness of Saudi population. as a member of is contributing to the which must be known, respected, and sometimes “stretched”. It teach- This is laying the groundwork for increasing female sports participation, the Saudi national path toward gender es to accept the judgments and decisions of those who are there for since sports are opening to both genders. showjumping team equality? that and to face the hard work, to understand that going through and The Kingdom support and strategies are giving women a new opportu- comes from far away: you started to overcoming tough times is the way to success. nity especially in the international sports sector. ride a horse at the Probably the most important thing sport has taught me is to be able age of four. Which is to measure myself objectively with my limits, which sometimes move the most important beyond and sometimes shrink. So every day we’re given the opportu- life lesson you nity to study new strategies in order to deal with these situations and learned from sport? maybe even be useful to other people who are in a similar situation. I’d say learning how to balance skill, emotion and hard work is the most precious lesson I’ve learnt. Other things I’ve learnt are: asking intelligent questions, questions that lead to action and improvement; I learnt that taking action is important - you don’t always need to be 100% ready, sometimes you just need to take the jump; resist and persist has been my motto all the way.

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Exclusive Interview with Ms. Razan Alazzouni How the Saudi Now in Saudi Arabia you can see a lot of fashion forums and incuba- fashion industry tors. The government’s support for all these new emerging industries Fashion Designer is growing under is so evident. We can see it in many events that Saudi culture ministry Vision 2030? What is hosting. support is the Saudi government Which are your A brand core value is to create lasting clothing proving to creatives brand core values? which is not seasonal but it’s works of art. and fashion entrepreneurs?

Where do you draw I usually take my inspirations from nature. I am inspired by the environ- your inspiration ment around me, that of my: from the colors of the sand, to the changes What was the One of the biggest challenges was getting international recognition, we from? What feeds of the weather, to the culture that you can observe from one Saudi city biggest challenge started in a time when the fashion industry in Saudi Arabia was close your creativity to to the other. you had to overcome to non-existent. Many designers would only work on supplying for the present new ideas in your career? local market. Now the situation is different. Saudi is part of the glob- and what role plays Which is your the Saudi culture in greatest ambition? al movement and you can see Saudi made products sold around the inspiring your work? world. We take such pride in saying that our clothing is exported with a Made in Saudi Arabia label. My greatest ambition is to gain international recognition as a fashion house and to create a Saudi fashion empire that will withstand time with products known for its quality and uniqueness. I guess I will indeed build my own empire out of my fashion house. What is in your Young artists are the future of Saudi Arabia. Fashion is art! And art is a It’s very ambitious but I think with time and hard work we will be a fash- opinion the relation universal language that people use to express not only their emotions ion house that will withstand time and exist for generations.That’s the between fashion but also their culture and personalities. I think fashion in Saudi Arabia and national hope, at least. is a way of expression. It is also our way to distinguish ourselves. identity in Saudi Arabia. Are young Saudi designers contributing in shaping a new image of the country?

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Exclusive Interview with Your character Aunt (Khala) Mariam brings to the world the simplicity of the people of Ms. Maisah Sobaihi “Aunt Mariam” is an Makkah, the heart of the Muslim world. She shows people and also Assistant Professor at King Abdul Aziz University explorer of frontier that Saudi Arabia is a diverse place and welcomes ALL. Khala Mariam culture. The Italian of Jeddah, playwright and performer began as an explorer of frontier cultures in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The audience met her in Rome in 2017. She yearly pilgrimage in Makkah [Hajj] has been her foreground and will invites us to have continue to be. It is here that she learned all people’ skills; also that You started The idea came to me because I am a Saudi a less superficial she needed to accept and appreciate different cultures and then share performing in Saudi Woman living in Saudi Arabia. The experiences knowledge of the Arabia in 2006 when their experiences. She is proud and will continue to be true to herself explored in the play Head over Heels in Saudi culture we enter. public theaters did and enjoy the experiences of others. Her simplicity takes her all over Arabia are all real and based on true stories; What will Aunt not yet exist. Your the world, and she wants everyone to know that “simplicity is the key Mariam show us first one-woman-show one of which is my own story to a lesser degree. I was at a gathering about Saudi Arabia? to exploring cultures.” She wants the world to share her LOVE for her “Head Over Heels with other women enjoying the beautiful taste and aroma of Arabic cof- country and see a side not fully exposed to the world. She wants the in Saudi Arabia” fee, and the stories came out. I listened, and eventually I said to myself, world to understand the people of Saudi Arabia, their true Arab hospi- explores the lives of I need to document these stories. The result was the play Head over Saudi women and tality and generosity. Her generous nature is what feeds her to explore Heels in Saudi Arabia. Sometimes we all laughed at the ridiculous sug- addresses many of other cultures with love and understanding. gestions put forth to save the story at hand, whether that was of a man the questions raised taking another wife or a woman deciding to marry a temporary “Misyar about Saudi Arabia. Is there a show or I would love to see Khala Mariam as a TV show. How did you come Marriage.” These “ridiculous suggestions” are the source of comic relief a project that you up with the idea in the play, and they come from real lives. The objective remains that dream to realize? of bringing Saudi of breaking stereotypes and bringing, to the international world, the women daily lives to voices of the people of Saudi Arabia. The intention is to share human the stage? experiences. After the performance of the play in New York, a woman came up to me and said: “I’m Jewish and some of the things you said really hit home with me.” I was surprised. When writing the play, I didn’t expect these words to come to me from a Jewish woman in New York. After all, I was writing about Saudi women. This made me realize that women are different yet have similar experiences everywhere. We are all human!! Sharing these experiences with the people of Milan was an amazing experience too, and the possibility of bringing the play to Italy in Italian is still on the table. Until then: Arrivederci!

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G20 2020 facing Covid-19: In september 2020, the UN General Assem- The G20 will continue its work to tackle the As holder of bly on Saturday adopted a Saudi-proposed pandemic through international collabo- a common challenge, the G20 2020 resolution calling for a global coordinated ration, to safeguard people and their liveli- a united global response. Presidency, response to fight the coronavirus disease hoods and make sure the opportunities to Saudi Arabia (COVID-19) pandemic. The resolution called recover from this pandemic exist for all. “United Response against Global Health paved the way ■ Threats: Combating Covid-19” embodied the for a unified and outcomes of the virtual Extraordinary Sum- he COVID19 pandemic has affected many lives and caused global response mit, chaired by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, enormous suffering to many people around the world. It has on 26 March 2020. T affected the global economy, financial markets, global trade and supply chains, hindering growth and development and revers- ing the gains achieved in previous years. The Saudi Presidency of the G20 2020 was, since the beginning, fully aware that this human crisis requires a global, transparent and shared response.

Therefore, as holder of the G20 2020 Presidency, Saudi Arabia led the efforts to tackle the pandemic and paved the way for a unified and global response: under the Presidency of the Custodian of The Two Holy Mosques, a G20 extraordinary virtual summit on COVID-19 was held in March, in order to agree global actions to fight the pandemic and commit to “spare no effort” in the fight; G20 members have taken unprecedented action in injecting over $7trn into the global economy to protect jobs, business and economies; G20 members have agreed debt relief, worth $20bn, for the world’s least developed nations, meaning they can focus all their resources on fighting this pandemic; the G20 Saudi Presidency called on all the Countries, NGOs, private sector to contribute financially to fill the funding gap identified by GPMB to tackle Covid19, estimated to be USD $8 Billion.

On May 4th, 2020, the Saudi G20 2020 Presidency co-leaded, along with EU and G7 country members a Global Response Pledging event. The event successfully raised the amount of USD $8 Billion.

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Saudi Arabia efforts to fight Covid-19: from global to local, no one left behind by Mr. Jameel Al Jaber, First Secretary, Head of the Media department and Spoke- person at the Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Rome More than 6000 Saudi doctors served nsuring health for all was one of the in 41 countries, main priorities of Saudi Arabia’s com- including Italy, E prehensive approach in the fight to fight covid-19 against coronavirus. Under the leadership of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman, Saudi Arabia has spared no efforts in providing free assistance, tests and treatments not only to citizens and residents but also to undocumented persons irregular- coronavirus and contributed in funding the supplies as part of Yemen’s national readi- Under the directive of the Custodian of the ly staying in the country. Mobile clinics, field international organizations and programs to ness and response plan. The Kingdom has Two Holy Mosques and through the “King health teams, drive-through testing, sanitizers face COVID19. also funded a series of other programs to Salman Humanitarian Aid and Relief Centre” distribution points and awareness campaigns provide medical equipment and other aid to (KSrelief), Saudi Arabia signed several con- In response to an urgent WHO appeal, Sau- in 12 languages have been arranged through- areas in need of rapid intervention to fight the tracts with specialized companies to provide di Arabia donated US$ 10 million to support out the country to reach all those in need. early spread of COVID-19. Yemen and Palestine with the urgent pro- all countries of the Region with fragile health vision of medical supplies and preventative Believing in the importance of international systems in their national COVID-19 response Saudi Arabia has pledged USD 500 million equipment to combat the spread of the virus solidarity and cooperation in responding to to combat the spread of the disease. An addi- to relevant international organizations to in at-risk communities in both countries, in pandemics, Saudi Arabia provided medical tional US$ 10 million was donated to provide support global efforts in combatting the Cov- coordination with United Nations agencies support to most in need countries to combat WHO Yemen with essential equipment and id-19.

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and other organizations. medical supplies to the Protezione Civile Italiana. I would also like to mention the response of the Saudi doctors worldwide. More than The Kingdom Tower, symbol of the capital of 6000 doctors served in 41 countries, includ- Saudi Arabia, has been illuminated with the ing Italy, to fight covid-19. colors of the Italian flag in sign of solidarity with the friendly Italian people. Italy has shown great strength and determination in responding to the unforeseen out- The Saudi Embassy in Rome joined the so- break of Covid-19. During the lockdown, the cial campaigns #andràtuttobene #WeStand- Saudi diplomatic corps in Rome witnessed withItaly and exposed on the facades of its the great sense of responsibility, the national building messages of solidarity to Italy. On pride and the courage of the Italian friendly the occasion of Liberation Day, the Embas- people in confronting this pandemic. sy illuminated its building with the colors of the Italian flag, as part of the Arab Solidari- Through the diplomatic dialogue, medical aid ty Initiative in solidarity with Italy in the fight and solidarity initiatives launched from Ri- against Covid-19. yadh to Rome, Saudi Arabia has expressed its deep and sincere closeness to the friend- After the outbreak of Covid-19, one of the ly Italian People who, among the first, had most important activities of the Embassy to face this terrible pandemic. In the first was the repatriation to Saudi Arabia of more weeks of the crisis, there has been a phone than 800 Saudi citizens living in Italy. The call between the Custodian of the Two Holy Embassy created a crisis unit, which ar- Mosques, King Salman, and the Prime Min- ranged transfers of the Saudi citizens from ister Giuseppe Conte, and between the Sau- all the Italian region to Rome, providing all di and Italian Foreign Ministers to strongly re- the necessary assistance and services to go affirm the historic ties of friendship between back to the Kingdom. Italy and Saudi Arabia in this common fight Some of them decided to stay, like the young against Covid19. Saudi doctors in Lombardy, who decided to Through the King Salman Humanitarian stay in Italy to help his Italian colleagues in Aid and Relief Center (KSrelief), Saudi Ara- the frontline of a Covid-19 hospital. bia provided ventilators and other essential ■

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“In the meantime, the Lombardy region was The Region’s response was not long in “Working exclusively with COVID-19 posi- Feature Story: declared red-zone and locked down, the num- coming. tive patients, and especially with critical cas- ber of positive cases continued to rise, and es, means that you have to deal with death a Saudi doctor “They were extremely happy to receive my there was a need for health workers to face every day. I have to call their families and application – tells Nasser – “they offered on Italy’s frontline the crisis. My internship in the hospital had break the bad news. Believe me, it was the me to work in 4 different cities: Cremona, been suspended due to the emergency and toughest side of my mission. Relatives ask against Covid-19 Brescia, Bergamo and Lodi. I chose Lodi, I was at home for the quarantine. In my silent you, sometimes beg you, to allow them to even though I knew that, at that time, it was lock down city, I was hearing the sirens of the see their beloved ones to give them the last the epicenter of COVID-19”. ambulances leaving the hospital relentlessly. farewell. But you can’t allow them. The pri- Among the Italian healthcare workers in the It was heartbreaking. I couldn’t stay at home “I worked with basic to medium intensity ority was to protect them from the virus and front-line in the fight against the COVID-19, knowing that I can give my contribution, even COVID19-positive patients in 3 different de- contain the spread of the contagions”. there was Nasser, a 27-year-old Saudi doc- if small, to the local health service”. partments. The first day of work at the Hospi- “Performing my first professional job in a time tor, who is currently on the staff of the ASST tal, I was impressed by the enormous work- With hospitals under extraordinary strain, It- when the health industry is facing one of its Hospital of Lodi. Nasser, who speaks fluent load of the doctors. They were giving their aly increased the number of doctors being biggest crises, is challenging and tough. But Italian, tells us his experience. maximum professional and human commit- recruited and also expedited the procedure I am proud and honored that I was able to ment with courage and perseverance. My “I arrived in Italy in 2011 to study medicine at for medical school graduates entering the give my help in this emergency and to have colleagues immediately welcomed me into the University of Pavia, in Lombardy, thanks workforce. Many Italian regions opened calls been in the battle front as part of a team of the team, and we soon became a family.” to a scholarship from the Saudi government. for applications for urgent need of health extraordinary doctors. I have obtained my medical degree and workers and Nasser decided to take up the ■ the professional qualification in 2019. I was Lombardy region’s call for doctors. about to undertake postgraduate training at the beginning of this year, when the coro- Young Saudi doctor in Lombardy, navirus broke out in Italy, right in the area who decided to stay in Italy to where I am living” - says Dr. Nasser. help his Italian colleagues “When the Saudi authorities offered me the in the frontline of a Covid-19 opportunity to return to Saudi Arabia, I chose hospital to stay in Italy. My degree is not yet qualified in the Kingdom; therefore, I could not have offered any contribution to my country”.

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158 159 ECONOMY Saudi Arabia in Focus ECONOMY

Covid19: Saudi economy is getting back and recovering

espite Covid19 pandemic economic effects, Saudi economy is recovering, but caution is highly required. This is the trend Dpointed out by H.E. Mr Mohammed Al-Jadaan, Minister of Fi- nance and Acting Minister of Economy and Planning, during the recent 15th edition of Euromoney conference, held in September 2020.

Minister Al-Jadaan added: “The year 2020 has been arguably the most challenging year possibly for the last 100 years, not only economically or financially, but also humanely as almost everybody has been impacted by the pandemic. Global and Saudi economy has obviously started the year in a different tone: the world started 2020 with caution but with some optimism due to the fragile growth and the trade and geopolitical tensions, while in Saudi Arabia 2019 ended with a positive momentum, due to Vision 2030 results”

“In Saudi Arabia, the non-oil economy started showing growth. Sectors approved and a lot of countries have already “But the world leaders responded very quickly, that were being focused on tourism, entertainment, sports and financial benefited from it. The G20 has also put togeth- faster than they did after the second world war technology witnessed throughout 2019 a growth between 3 and 8%”. The economy is er 11 trillion stimulus packages to be injected or after the 2008 financial crisis. This collec- getting back and In 2020, Saudi Arabia assumed the G20 presidency with the main goal in the world economy”. tive response significantly helped to contain recovering, to support sustainable and inclusive growth. “For the first time in history pandemic with focus on human lives and live- but caution is “During 2020 Q1, Covid19 hit the world like G20 virtual summit meeting was held in the first quarter of the year with lihood”. a speed train, and the economy went almost very clear mandates to various ministerial committees and international highly required. A into hibernation, due to lockdown that had a Saudi Arabia “because of the existence of Vi- organizations to ensure protection of people’s lives and livelihoods and Key role is played significant impact, particularly on the most vul- sion 2030 dealt with Covid19 from a position prepare for recovery. The G20 Saudi presidency with partners such by the nerable, whether countries or people. Several of strength. Vision 2030 is not just a blueprint, as European Union and International Organizations have put together Privatization countries announced economic drop by 5% up but an effective implemented roadmap that will a swift and urgent plan to bridge the gap of missing 8 billion. By May Program to 20%. This basically put some countries 10 continue its journey. Thanks to several years over 21 billion were raised and all taken actions are underway, some years back in terms of growth. They’ve lost 10 of experience in the aim of diversifying the already completed. The debt Service Suspension Initiative was quickly years of their GDP”, said Minister Al-Jadaan. economy, oil market’s volatility has been man-

162 163 Saudi Arabia in Focus ECONOMY aged and when the pandemic started the response has been quick and positive, in order to protect people’s lives. Significant resources were redirected to the healthcare system, with the available hospitals beds rapidly doubled. Under the leadership of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques the Saudi government decided very quickly to provide free of charge Covid19 healthcare services not only to Saudi citizens but also to regular and illegal residents”.

“Saudi government provided measures, initiatives and direct liquidity to the private sector to mitigate and reduce Covid19 financial and economic impact, up to paying wages to protect jobs during emergencies. Saudi central bank, SAMA, provided significant liquidity into the banking sector of about 70 billion to enable banks to reschedule loans of the private sector without costs; it also injected another 50 billion of liquidity into the banking system to enable banks and financial institutions to provide credit to the private sector”.

From the Saudi public finance point of view “Saudi government increased the GDP debt ceiling from 30% up to 50%. When economic activities were restarted, the results and signs were soon very positive. The economy is getting back and recovering, but caution is highly required. A key role is played by the Privatization Program, which saved 15 billion of government’s expenditures as the private sector is playing its role. In 2020 11 billion of revenues are going to be collected from privatization deals”.

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KEY SECTORS TO DRIVE SAUDI ARABIA SAUDI ARABIA’S VISION 2030 Global Competitiveness Ranking 1st Labor force growth

audi Arabia is the largest economy in As part of the comprehensive plan to diversify 2nd Consumer price inflation the Mena area and is stably among the the national economy, the National Industrial Cyber security 20 biggest economies in the world. Development and Logistics Program (NIDLP) S 3rd Exports of commercial services was announced in January 2019. NIDLP tar- Under Vision 2030, several programs were gets four major sectors: Industry, mining, en- 4th Pension funding established to stimulate and enable the econ- ergy and logistics. Central bank policy omy. These include the establishment of the Adapting of government policy Local Content and Government Procurement ■ Total public expenditure on education Authority, the General Authority for Foreign Trade and the Saudi Export-Import Bank, as 6th Gasoline prices well as increasing the capital of the Saudi In- Foreign currency reserves per capita dustrial Development Fund to $28 billion in just Unemployment legislation a few years. Overall productivity

7th Total indigenous energy production Funding for technological development

8th Subsidies Social cohesion

9th Development and application of technology

10th Resilience of the economy Investment incentives Financial and banking services for businesses

12th Regulatory compliance (banking laws)

14th Digital transformation in companies Energy infrastructure

15th Start-up procedures for business Source: World Competitiveness Yearbook 2020 (IMD)

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The new mining law targets the exploitation of Saudi’s mineral resourc- “Mining and Industrial Sector es and the development of the mineral manufacturing industry, all of are strategic” which will increase the sectors’ contribution to GDP. This contribution is projected to grow from $17 billion to over $64 billion. In addition, it will By H.E. Bandar Alkhaorayef, Minister of Industry reduce imports by about $10 billion and generate more than 200,000 and Mineral Resources jobs by 2030, placing the mining sector as the third pillar of Saudi industry.

Since the In these extraordinary times for the global economy, the success conomic diversification is the founda- outbreak of achieved by Saudi Arabia’s industrial sector since the outbreak of tion of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and COVID-19, COVID-19 should be acknowledged. In a short period, the sector has E the mining and industrial sectors are the sector has consistently proven its resilience and ability to adapt to the challenges, strategic for increasing local production, ex- consistently raising their production capacity of goods, including food, healthcare ports, job opportunities and investments in line proven its and medical products which ensured that consumers were not affected with the Vision 2030 targets. by the closures and lockdowns. resilience and In August 2019, the Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources was ability to adapt to This success was made possible by a combination of government initi- established as an independent government body. This is a clear rep- the challenges atives, advanced industrial infrastructure, and the capacity of the indus- resentation of the government’s priority to develop these two vital sec- trial cities which are spread across the different regions of the Kingdom. tors of the Saudi economy and provide opportunities to local and for- “Today, in preparation for a new phase, we can begin to reap the re- eign investors and maximize their benefits. wards of these sectors that have demonstrated resilience in the face A number of supporting programs were established under Vision 2030 of the COVID-19 pandemic. As we prepare for this new phase with the to stimulate and enable these sectors. These include the establishment resumption of economic activity, we are keeping in mind the lessons of the Local Content and Government Procurement Authority, the Gen- learned during the pandemic while formulating post-pandemic goals eral Authority for Foreign Trade and the Saudi Export-Import Bank, as that will kick-start the national economy.” well as increasing the capital of the Saudi Industrial Development Fund In conclusion, Saudi Arabia is committed to developing its industrial to $28 billion, in just a few years. and mining sectors, in line with the strategy outlined in Vision 2030. As part of the comprehensive plan to diversify the national economy, This has already increased contribution to the Kingdom’s economy the National Industrial Development and Logistics Program (NIDLP) through public and private sector cooperation which will make these was announced in January 2019. NIDLP targets four major sectors, sectors crucial to Saudi Arabia’s future and the prosperity of its people. with industry and mining at the forefront. As part of the program, “we Source:Invest Saudi, Investment Highlights (Summer 2020) launched the national strategy for mining and mineral industries and adopted a new mining law in May 2020 which is a key enabler for stim- ■ ulating transparency and investments in the sector.”

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How is the ministry Ensuring SME participation in the entire mining value chain and sup- Mining opportunities enabling small and port services, will support the sector’s long-term sustainability. The new for investors medium enterprises mining law caters to SMEs by allowing them to mortgage their licens- (SMEs) to thrive es for funding, while granting them large exploration areas and small Interview to H.E. Khalid Al Mudaifer, Vice Minister of Mining Affairs, within the sector? mine exploitation licenses. The new mining law also lowers the mineral Ministry of Industry and Mineral Resources exploitation severance fee for all investors, across the entire mineral value chain in the Kingdom.

With its newly reformed mandate, the Saudi Industrial Development What are some The Saudi mining sector today offers mean- Fund (SIDF) now provides up to 75% of SMEs’ total funding require- examples of mining ingful investment opportunities across the ments for late exploration, mine development or industrial manufactur- opportunities entire mining value chain. We are developing ing. Small building material quarries are now more attractive to SMEs that are ready for several high-grade investment opportunities in because the licensed area size can be quadrupled– up to 1 km2. Such investors to access? iron and steel, aluminum and base metals like copper and zinc. investments are attractive for SMEs because they do not require significant capital upfront. In terms of exploration, MIM has earmarked over 40,000 km2 with 54 occurrences across a variety of minerals such as gold, silver, copper, The Saudi mining strategy identifies several opportunities for SMEs in silica, rare earth elements, zinc, manganese and iron ore. In addition, downstream sectors, which leverage the Saudi mineral endowment, we have streamlined the licensing process making these areas availa- competitive cost structure and local demand. The industrial minerals ble for in-depth exploration and development. sector presents opportunities across several value chains including silica, barite, bentonite, dolomite, bauxite and iron ore. For example, Further downstream, there are opportunities for investors to leverage based on the availability, demand and low cost of dolomite and manga- Saudi Arabia’s growing mineral and metal production to serve both do- nese in the Kingdom, there is an opportunity for the development of a mestic and international demand in phosphate- based products and 100 kiloton-per-annum manganese smelter. Additionally, Saudi Arabia aluminum. The Kingdom is the world’s fourth largest importer of min- has raw materials and logistical advantages for the production of spe- eral and metal products. This provides investors with a strong, pre-ex- cialty silica, which has the potential to meet the growing demand for isting regional market for downstream products, and because of the precipitated silica, fumed silica and colloidal silica. Kingdom’s excellent geographic position, global markets are easily accessible. Source:Invest Saudi, Investment Highlights (Summer 2020)

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172 173 tourism Saudi Arabia in Focus TOURISM

Jeddah, Taif, Baha, Abha, Aseer, Riyadh and NEOM, Red Sea Project and Amaala are Tourism in The Economy Eastern Province. among the giga-projects launched to respond to international global tourism trends and to Diversification Strategy The campaign will support the local tourism in- deliver to visitors the highest standards of dustry and promote socio-economic growth by personalized luxury service, while promoting preserving existing jobs and creating new sea- cultural conservation, ecological preservation sonal job opportunities in the tourism sector, ourism is a key component of Saudi Arabia’s economic diversifi- and sustainability. which was significantly impacted by COVID-19. cation plan, started with the launch of Saudi Vision 2030. Saudi The Kingdom ■ TArabia is the MENA region’s largest destination for travelers and is expecting In line with its strategy to enhance the tourism accounts for about one-fifth of its travel and tourism GDP (source: WEF to receive 100 sector, Saudi Arabia has implemented key in- 2019). The Kingdom is expecting to receive 100 million visitors annu- itiatives to improve visa issuance procedures million visitors ally by 2030 with revenues reaching 10 percent of GDP. At present, it for visitors, to develop Saudi historical and annually by 2030 receives 41 million visitors annually and revenues stand at 3,5 percent. heritage sites and to create new high-stand- with revenues ards luxury destinations. In June 2020, Saudi Ministry of Tourism announced a $4 billion Tour- reaching 10 ism Development Fund (TDF) to boost the local tourism sector. In line percent of GDP with the National Tourism Strategy (NTS), the TDF will support private sector development and incentivize further investment across the tourism industry.

The TDF will launch a range of equity and debt investment vehicles and has $45 billion in memorandum of understanding signed with private banks. The funding will support mixed-use destinations, address gaps in the tourism value chain, and enable technologically-enhanced tourism. The authorities involved to enhance and evolve Saudi Arabia’s tourism ecosystem are three: Ministry of Tourism, established in Feb- ruary 2020, Saudi Tourism Authority, created in June 2020, and the Tourism Development Fund.

This summer, the Saudi Tourism Authority launched “Saudi Summer”, the largest domestic tourism campaign in Saudi history. The campaign will run until September 30th 2020 and aims at encouraging Saudi nationals and residents to discover their own country. Ten destinations are part of the campaign to show the wide diversity of Saudi Arabia’s land- scapes: Tabuk, Umluj, Yanbu, King Abdullah Economic City (KAEC),

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RED SEA PROJECT The first phase of the development, scheduled Tourism Giga-Projects The Red Sea Project is one of the giga-tour- for completion in 2022, includes 14 luxury ho- ism projects announced by Saudi Arabia in tels and two inland resorts, marinas, leisure 2017. It includes includes creating an exquisite and lifestyle amenities and an airport to serve ultra-luxury destination within a pristine 28,000 the destination. AMAALA It will be located within the Prince Mohammed sq km area, that consists of an archipelago of Amaala is one of the largest tourism projects bin Salman Natural Reserve. The total area of Investment opportunities exist across all phas- more than 90 unspoiled islands, volcanoes, of Saudi Arabia and it will be a top-level lux- AMAALA will be 80 km long, with more than es of the development, from the commercial desert, mountains, nature and culture. It will be ury wellness tourism destination. The project 3,300 sq km of sea front, featuring a total of components of the project such as hospitality, located at Tabuk province’s shores of the Red is expected to be completed by 2028. The 2,525 hotel keys and 1,496 residential units. residential, retail and entertainment, to conces- Sea, particularly between the cities of Umluj initial seed funding is provided by the Public sions for utility infrastructure, power generation, Amaala will stimulate economic growth and di- and Al Wajh. Investment Fund (PIF), the Saudi Arabia’s sov- transportation and other hard infrastructure. versify the tourism industry, in line with Vision ereign wealth fund. Private sector companies The Project is being developed by the Red Sea Opportunities exist also for service providers in 2030, while preserving cultural values and sus- and market investors will be invited to invest Development Company, which is a 100 percent the sectors of education, entertainment, well- tainable environment. Most of the job opportu- in the project as well as operate the project’s closed joint stock company owned by the Pub- ness, healthcare, accommodation and public nities will be in the hospitality, tourism and en- facilities. In June 2020, Amaala unveiled plans lic Investment Fund (PIF). The destination will services, among others. The Project plans to tertainment sectors in addition to construction for the new international airport designed by operate as a Special Economic Zone with its implement a range of policies including zero sector jobs. UK-based firm Foster + Partners, the struc- own laws and regulatory framework, specially waste-to-landfill, 100 percent carbon neutrality For more information: www.amaala.com/ ture that is inspired by a ‘desert mirage’. The created to encourage investment opportunities and a total ban on single use plastics. airport master plan was designed by interna- ■ and commercial activities. For more information: www.amaala.com/ tional consultancy and engineering group Egis ■ (France).

Amaala experiences will include a major focus on integrative and medical wellness. World- class luxury resorts, facilities for elite sports, An archipelago arts museums, cultural districts and private vil- las will be available across three sites: Triple of more than Bay, the island and coastal development. The 90 unspoiled Bay will offer a holistic wellness retreat, state- islands, of-the-art diagnostic medical facilities and au- volcanoes, thentic treatments designed in harmony with desert, the local environment. Triple Bay will also be mountains, home to a fully integrated sports and entertain- nature and ment community. culture

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NEOM Neom is a $500 billion mega city, launched in October 2017, that is set World’s first to be the world’s first private zone spanning 26,500sq/km over three private zone countries: Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Jordan. spanning The first phase of NEOM’s strategy has been developed by setting a 26,500sq/km plan covering the economic concept, the funding, and the road map of over three the project. The second phase will include detailed plans for NEOM’s 16 countries: Saudi economic sectors and regions. Arabia, Egypt and Jordan As one of its 16 economic sectors, the tourism sector plans to be a major destination as it targets 5 million visitors by 2030. For this purpose, NEOM is developing different island and mountain resorts and it is also targeting 1 million citizens by the year 2030.

For more info: https://www.neom.com/en-us/

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The rich archaeological heritage of Saudi Ara- Tourism destinations bia testifies the presence of the civilizations who inhabited the Arabian Peninsula starting from the late Paleolithic. For thousands of years, the Arabian Peninsula, which was the Saudi Arabia offers a variety of tourist destina- crossroad of the trade routes that linked three tions that are unique and still unexplored due continents, had embraced and safeguarded to its rich cultural and naturalistic heritage. The the tracks of their passing through the land. country has modern metropolis, millennial archeological sites, 1300 islands and a 2640 km Saudi Arabia currently hosts five UNESCO shore protected by the coral reef; more than World heritage sites, among which: Al Turaif 2000 volcanos, outstanding rocky formations, citadel within Diriyah; Mada’in Salih site in green mountains and wadi (valleys) that fill up Al Ula; the cave painting in Hail; Jeddah old with water in spring; the most extended not town and; Al Hasa oasis in the eastern region. continuous-desert; the largest date palm oasis Whereas, many more are listed in UNESCO in the world and much more. tentative list, like the Rijaal Alma village.

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182 183 MADAI’IN SALIH Unesco World Heritage Site AT TURAIF DISTRICT IN DIRIYAH Unesco World Heritage Site HISTORIC JEDDAH Unesco World Heritage Site ROCK ART IN HAIL Unesco World Heritage Site AL AHSA OASIS Unesco World Heritage Site ZEE AIN HERITAGE VILLAGE Unesco World Heritage Site - Tentative List Rijal Almaa Heritage Village Unesco World Heritage Site - Tentative List DUMAT AL JANDAL HISTORIC OASIS Unesco World Heritage Site - Tentative list RIYADH Capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia in Focus TOURISM

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Saudi Arabia in Focus TOURISM

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culture, sports and entertainment Saudi Arabia in Focus CULTURE, SPORTS AND ENTERTAINMENT

Saudi Culture: a new golden age

he cultural moment currently underway in the Kingdom, is part of a long history of transformations experienced by Saudi soci- T ety. It stands as a testament to the richness and diversity built up by thousands of intellectuals, artists and writers. Today, we are wit- nessing the revitalization of cultural institutions as a result of Vision 2030, through which the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia promotes culture as

an anchor of identity, a central component of the quality of life in Saudi society and an important contributor to economic vitality. Under Vision 2030, in 2018 the Ministry of Culture was created and after its establishment, 11 specialized agencies encompassing music, museums, fashion, visual art and performance arts were launched to promote and develop the related sectors.

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Art Scene Unlike the entertainment scene, which, prior to 2017, had no infrastruc- 21,39 annual art ture or government regulation to support it, prior to 2017, the art scene initiative featuring in Saudi Arabia was vibrant before Vision 2030, with art galleries and exhibitions, annual initiatives which are hubs for Saudi artistic talent. Among the educational most important annual initiatives, there is 21,39, organized by the Saudi workshops, Art Council. It is an annual art initiative featuring exhibitions, education- curated cultural al workshops, curated cultural events, and symposiums across various events, and venues in Jeddah. The National Pavilion of Saudi Arabia at the Venice symposiums Biennale, commissioned by the Misk Art Institute, signed our long-term across various commitment to bring the most exciting Saudi voices in art and architecture to this world-leading creative exchange. In 2020, Saudi Arabia venues in hosted DesertX exhibition, where large-scale site-responsive installa- Jeddah tions have been built amidst the canyons of the Al Ula desert (Medina region) reflecting the landscape and its heritage.

DesertX, large- scale site- responsive installations have been built amidst the canyons of the Al Ula desert

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Literature Saudi literature draws on a vast literary her- Interest in itage. The literary arena is brimming with ac- producing full- complished Saudi authors recognized locally length feature and throughout the Arab world, especially in films has grown, the genre of poetry and literary fiction. as has the Fashion participation In the past years, the Kingdom has witnessed of Saudi films the rise of a new generation of male and fe- in Arab and male designers who participated in interna- international film tional fashion weeks and won several nation- festivals. Venice al and regional prizes. Artistic fashion trends International Film have shifted towards displaying national identi- Sundance Film ty by drawing on elements of national heritage Festival and cultural diversity.

Film Due to the decades-long absence of cinemas in the Kingdom and the paucity of educational programs specializing in visual production, film production in the Kingdom has remained mod- est. Since the return of cinemas to the King- dom, film production has increased. Interest in producing full-length feature films has grown, as has the participation of Saudi films in Arab and international film festivals. These films have received a growing number of awards from international festivals, such as the Venice International Film Festival and the Sundance Film Festival. In 2020, the Red Sea Interna- tional film Festival was supposed to take place in Jeddah, but it has been postponed due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

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Theatre Playwriting began in Saudi Arabia in 1932 In the past two and was soon followed by a number of in- years, Saudi dividual attempts to establish Saudi theaters. festivals have Only when the Minis- try of Education adopt- hosted superstar ed theater as part of its program did it begin musical guests, to flour- ish, in the 1970s and 1980s. Subse- like Enrique quently, theatrical production declined in the Iglesias, Andrea 1990s in most areas of the Kingdom, despite Bocelli, Yanni, its continued participation in Arab and region- Jamiroquai and al forums. The changes accompanying Vision Lang Lang. 2030 have contributed to an increase in the number of domestic theatrical performances. This applies particularly to the field of commercial theater, after it gained the support of the General Entertainment Authority.

Music Modern Saudi song began to take shape in the 1950s and 1960s at the hands of a generation of pioneers who had immersed themselves in different types of local music and been influ- enced by the broader Arab music movement. Although institutional support subsequently declined, the rise of popular songs continued, spreading throughout the Arab world thanks to a number of leading artists. Simultaneously, folk songs maintained a presence in a variety of cultural milieus. Since the announcement of Vision 2030, the festival and events sector has gone through organizational and regulatory changes that have created opportunities for growth, development, and increased diversity. The most important national festivals have

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been assigned to specialized authorities and the “Saudi Seasons” program has been launched with the aim of developing domestic tourism Maraya theatre by holding unique events and festivals. In the past two years, Saudi designed by festivals have hosted superstar musical guests, like Enrique Iglesias, the Italian Andrea Bocelli, Yanni, Jamiroquai and Lang Lang. architectural Architecture firm Gio Forma. Saudi architecture has experienced numerous transformations over the Set a Guinness years, as it has moved between the traditional and the modern, the local World Record for and the imported, the rural and the urban. The early 1950s witnessed being the largest the introduction of a modern, imported architectural vocabulary, which mirrored building might be termed the “pioneers’ period,’’ during which the first modern in the world in architectural ex- periments took place in the Kingdom. Beginning in the 2019 late 1970s, architects began to examine the compatibility of new styles of construction with the Saudi cultural identity. By the end of the following decade, identity and cultural reference became central questions for local architects. There have been several practical initiatives in recent years on a number of levels, including the “Humanizing Cities’’ initiative, as well as a push to develop new, environmentally friendly construction The Addiriyah materials. Under Saudi Vision 2030, a visionary architectural project has Contemporary been launched and realized in cooperation with international firms. It is Art Center worth mentioning the Addiriyah Contemporary Art Center project de- project designed signed by the Italian firm Schiattarella Associati, which has been award- by the Italian ed 2016 Concept Winner at Iconic Awards, and the Maraya theatre in Al firm Schiattarella Ula designed by the Italian architectural firm Gio Forma. As one of the Associati has world’s architectural marvels, the building set a Guinness World Record been awarded for being the largest mirrored building in the world in 2019 and has won 2016 Concept the Architizer A+Awards popular choice for 2020. Winner at Iconic Award

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Cultural Heritage The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is distinguished by its rich cultural her- Saudi Arabia itage, including archeological treasures from civilizations stretching hosts five back millennia, architectural forms that are as diverse as the Kingdom’s UNESCO wide-ranging regions and a combination of arts and knowledge passed World heritage down from generation to generation. Vision 2030 sets out measures to sites: Al Ahsa preserve and cultivate both material and non-material heritage. These Oasis, Al Hijr new policies provide formal support for the continuation of excavation Archaeological projects as well as the preservation and restoration of historic buildings Site in Mada’in and the documentation of intangible heritage.In the past two year, more Salih, Al Turaif than 40 international joint expeditions have been launched across Sau- District in al di Arabia. Archaeological surveys have been carried out with the participation of Saudi teams and international missions from a number of Diriyah, Historic universities and research centers specialized in archeology. It is worth Jeddah, Rock Art mentioning that the governorate of Douma is hosting the work of the in the Hail Region Saudi-Italian Mission, in cooperation with the University of Naples since of Saudi Arabia 1996. Excavations all around the Kingdom found sediments dating to around 125,000 years, like human footprints, stone tools and others.

International visitors can have a glimpse of the archeological masterpieces discovered in Saudi Arabia thanks to the travelling exhibition “Roads of Ara- bia” and “Treasures of Saudi Arabia”, that was hosted in the monumental rooms of the Baths of Diocletian at the Roman National Museum until March 2020, for its last edition in Rome. The exhibition, which is composed of more than 300 arabian rare artifacts, represents a travel across millennia, along the caravan routes and the main commercial hubs of the roads of Arabia. It shows how the Arabian peninsula was vitally interconnected with India, Mesopotamia and Rome itself since ancient times. The archeological masterpieces tell the story of the region’s development from the prehistoric time to the foundation of the modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by King Abdulaziz Al Saud. “Roads of Arabia” also enables the visitors to discover the presence of many important archaeological sites in Saudi Arabia, like the earlier remains of the Dadanite and Lihyanite kingdoms and the iconic Nabatean tombs of Mada’in Salih, a UNESCO World Heritage Sites, in Al Ula region.

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Saudi Arabia hosts five UNESCO World heritage sites: Al Ahsa Oasis, an Evolving Cultural Landscape (2018), Al Hijr Archaeological Site in Ma- Traditional da’in Salih (2008), Al Turaif District in al Diriyah (2010), Historic Jeddah, dishes one of the (2014), Rock Art in the Hail Region of Saudi Arabia (2015). Other eleven most important sites are listed in the UNESCO tentative list. In September 2020, Saudi components of Arabia was elected, for the first time, as a member of the United Nations the country’s Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)’s Intangible cultural heritage Cultural Heritage Committee. Seven elements in Saudi Arabia were, then, inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity: date palm, knowledge, skills, traditions and practices; Al Qatt Al Asiri, female traditional interior of wall decoration in Asir; Almezmar, drumming and dancing with stick; Falconry, a living human heritage in Saudi Arabia; Arabic coffee, a symbol of generosity; Majlis, a cultural and social space; Alardah Alnajdiyah, dance, drumming and poetry.

Food Saudi Arabian cuisine reflects the geographical and cultural diversity of the Kingdom. Although the country’s diet consists largely of local grains, meats, vegetables, and fruits, the way these ingredients are prepared and com- bined varies in proportion to their abundance in each region of the King- dom, which is vast in extent and diverse in its local resources. International trade has provided Saudi cuisine with new ingredients that have become a central component of everyday dishes. In addition, the various border regions of the Kingdom draw on the food culture of neighboring countries, as they share a similar climate and cultural roots.

Since recipes are seldom in writing, they have been passed down orally from one generation to another, with some contributions from cookbooks and online cooking shows. In the absence of a clear and accurate method of documentation, festivals, especially heritage festivals, have played a role in preserving and highlighting traditional dishes and establishing the identity of Saudi cuisine as one of the most important components of the country’s cultural heritage.

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ARABIC COFFEE, A SYMBOL OF GENEROSITY Unesco Intangible Cultural Heritage DATE PALM, KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS, TRADITION AND PRACTICES Unesco Intangible Cultural Heritage TRADITIONAL DANCE AL-QATT AL-ASIRI, FEMALE TRADITIONAL INTERIOR WALL DECORATION IN ASIR Unesco Intangible Cultural Heritage FALCONRY, A LIVING HUMAN HERITAGE Unesco Intangible Cultural Heritage Alardah Alnajdiyah, dance, drumming and poetry Unesco World Heritage Site QANUN INSTRUMENT Saudi Arabia in Focus CULTURE, SPORTS AND ENTERTAINMENT

In recent years, more than 28 million people from Saudi Arabia and Unlocking Sport abroad have visited these entertainment events. and Entertainment Sectors ■

he Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country with one of the Half of largest populations in the Middle East. Its citizens and ex- inhabitants T pats currently exceed 34 million, indeed the demographics are under is growing at a steady rate of 2.5%. Around half of inhabitants are the age of 30 under the age of 30 with a considerable appetite for entertainment, culture and sports.

Saudis make approximately 9.6 million leisure trips abroad each year, spending around 80% of their entertainment budget while they’re away. Saudi Arabia envisages both a future where its inhabitants seek entertainment from domestically based cultural and In recent years, sporting events and aims at delivering a comprehensive offering more than 28 that is in line with global standards by 2030. million people Private sector participation in the industry is key within the areas of from Saudi infrastructure development, event operations, content building and Arabia and capabilities building. The expansion of this sector is also opening up abroad have opportunities for the private sector through ancillary services such as visited these food and beverages, retail, logistics, tourism and accommodation. entertainment events To unlock the sector, the government has introduced the General Entertainment Authority (GEA), General Authority for Culture, Gen- eral Sports Authority (GSA), Entertainment Company and Qiddiya entertainment city with clear mandates, since 2017.

Within just three years of its establishment, GEA has created a complete calendar for all events across the Kingdom. In 2019, the Authority along with many government and private entities took part in the Saudi Seasons, a national initiative including 11 festivals took place all over the Kingdom.

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256 257 multimedia library Saudi Arabia in Focus MULTIMEDIA LIBRARY

National day G20 2020 Saudi Presidency

Vision 2030 Economy and Investments

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Mega projects Culture

Tourism

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Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Rome