The Ecology and Evolution of Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Among Rural Communities in Madagascar
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The ecology and evolution of Plasmodium falciparum malaria among rural communities in Madagascar The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Rice, Benjamin Lawrence. 2020. The ecology and evolution of Plasmodium falciparum malaria among rural communities in Madagascar. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37365147 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use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