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Enhancing the Role of ICT in Disseminating Agricultural Information to Farmers in Bangladesh

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Enhancing the Role of ICT in Disseminating Agricultural Information to Farmers in Bangladesh Enhancing the Role of ICT in Disseminating Agricultural Information to Farmers in Bangladesh DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY SUSMITA DAS Department of Information Science and Library Management University of Dhaka, Bangladesh February 2016 to The Farmers of Bangladesh whose hardship in farm and sufferings in life has stirred me to better understand their farming towards higher productivity and income that may make a difference in their livelihood. Enhancing the Role of ICT in Disseminating Agricultural Information to Farmers in Bangladesh Enhancing the Role of ICT in Disseminating Agricultural Information to Farmers in Bangladesh BY SUSMITA DAS SUPERVISOR DR. M. NASIRUDDIN MUNSHI CO-SUPERVISOR DR. WAIS KABIR A THESIS ON THE TOPIC MENTIONED ABOVE SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR AWARD OF THE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND LIBRARY MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA, BANGLADESH February 2016 Department of Information Science Z_¨weÁvb I MÖš’vMvi e¨e¯’vcbv wefvM & Library Management XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Enhancing the Role of ICT in Disseminating Agricultural Information to Farmers in Bangladesh” submitted by Susmita Das for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy is an original research done by her under our direct guidance and supervision and that this thesis has not been submitted either in part or in full by the candidate for any Degree, Diploma, Associateship, Fellowship or other similar title. It is also certified that this thesis represents an independent work on the part of the candidate. Dr. M. Nasiruddin Munshi Professor Department of Information Science and Library Management University of Dhaka DR. WAIS KABIR Executive Chairman (Former) Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC) Farmgate, Dhaka Faculty of Arts, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh, PABX: 880-2-9661900-73, Ext: 6370 (Chairman), 6371 (Off.), Fax: 880-2-8615583 Kjv Abyl`, XvKv-1000, evsjv‡`k| wcGweG·: 880-2-9661900-73, ewa©Z: 6370 (‡Pqvig¨vb), 6371 (Awdm), d¨v·: 880-2-8615583 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Declaration I hereby declare that this thesis entitled “Enhancing the Role of ICT in Disseminating Agricultural Information to Farmers in Bangladesh” is my original work resulting from the investigation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Information Science and Library Management, University of Dhaka. The entire research was carried out by me under the guidance and supervision of Dr. M. Nasiruddin Munshi, Professor, Department of Information Science and Library Management, University of Dhaka and Dr. Wais Kabir, former Executive Chairman of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council. I further declare that this thesis has not been previously submitted in partial or in full for any Degree or Diploma to any University or Institution. Dhaka Susmita Das February, 2016 ABSTRACT Agriculture in Bangladesh is blessed with favorable agro-climatic conditions to grow a number of crops, fisheries and animals. Information Communication Technology (ICT) has proved to be significant to enhance agricultural production. Realizing its potential, Bangladesh has currently started using ICT for its agricultural development programs. However, the role of ICT in the field of agricultural information dissemination is yet to be fully realized to receive the potential benefit. Considering the fact, the study has been undertaken with a view to increasing agricultural knowledge delivery by enhancing the ICT use and minimizing the information gap between farmers’ needs and new technologies. The study reviewed the present status of the ICT initiatives in agriculture and the access of ICT among the end users and utilization of agricultural information to the farmers of Bangladesh through ICT tools. The main objective of the study was to explore the magnitude of contribution of ICT in the agricultural production system. The study also focuses on the role of ICT in creating difference on farmer’s agricultural production system and overall income. It also explores the impact of ICT on overall agricultural development. The research questions concentrate on what extent the role of ICT is contributing in disseminating agricultural information services to farmers, what factors need to be considered for enhacing the role of ICTs in agricultural information delivery systems, how the advancement of Information and Communication Technologies can be effeciently applied to help farmers increase their production and how the results of this study can be upscaled in wider area. The whole study presented in this thesis is divided into eight chapters; each chapter incorporates the specific issues of the study area. Chapter one outlines the background of the general context of the research and identifies the various constituents of the problems related to ICT based information dissemination services in agriculture. Chapter two offers the literature review of a number of empirical studies carried out on ICT based initiatives in agriculture all over the country and around the world. The literature review reveals different levels of ICT based initiatives and a strong relation to the production and income in general and development in agriculture in particular has been visualized. Chapter two focuses on present status of agricultural information service delivery systems in Bangladesh with some successful agricultural initiatives worldwide. Chapter four discusses the research design and vi methodology applied in this study. The chapter highlights how the different types of data were collected, analyzed, and presented. A mixed methods (MM) approach was used for data collection and analyses. The Chapter five presented on the summary and findings of fifteen focus group discussions. The results on different variables like farmers’ production, and income are discussed in the Chapter six with reference to the research questions designed and presented in the study. Description of crops, different technologies are shown in the sub sections following fisheries and livestock. Gender involvement in agricultural operation, the details of the respondents the way they lead their life, the tools they use in their farming, the production they produce and the income they receive associated with crops, fisheries and livestock farming, have been attempted to analyze in the chapter. The economic and the demographic feature of the farmers of the two groups are shown here. A farmer friendly ICT based model has been proposed in the Chapter seven. Recommendation and conclusion of the research results are described in the Chapter eight. This thesis contributes to the field of agricultural information dissemination system of Bangladesh. The study has significantly elicted the strong relationship between the use of ICT through successful initiatives as well as the production and income of the farmers. The proposed model is expected to help farmers adopt technology in an efficient way to get the easy access through agricultural information service delivery which could influence their production in a positive way.The study offers professionals and policymakers involved in agricultural development insights into application and best use of ICT. Most importantly, it highlights the contribution of information and knowledge of the farmers in Bangleadesh, the very important segment of the population who are stakeholders at the centre of food production and well being of the population of the country. vii Acknowledgements First of all, my sincere and humble gratitude goes to the Almighty God to enable me to make my dream a reality. I would bestow sincere and respectful gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. M. Nasiruddin Munshi, Professor, Department of Information Science and Library Management, University of Dhaka for his intelligent guidance, invaluable suggestion and support throughout this enormous task. His scholastic direction, constructive criticism and constant encouragement have shaped the whole work. I am greatly indebted to my supervisor for his insightful and selfless care and advice that I was badly in need to complete the study. I am grateful to my co-supervisor, Dr. Wais Kabir, a renowned scientist, the former Executive Chairman of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC) and a known personality in agricultural research management, for his continuous inspiration, scholarly help, superb guidance, and relentless persuasion to complete the task. His knowledge, encouragement, and support are always invaluable resources to me. I extend my gratitude to Professor Dr. Muhammad Mezbah-ul-Islam, Chairman, Department of Information Science and Library Management, University of Dhaka, for his encouragement and support. Also I express my sincere gratitude to Professor Dr. S. M. Mannan, Professor Dr. S. M. Zabed Ahmed, Professor Dr. Salma Chowdhury, Dr. Kazi Mostak Gausul Huq and other teachers of the department for their sincere cooperation, support and help during the research work. I want to thank the officers and staff of the Department for their effective assistance. I am also grateful to Dr. Abul Kalam Azad, Executive Chairman, BARC, for his kind co- operation, guidance and support. His inspiration made me produce the output and complete the research work. I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to CSISA-BD (USAID Project) for providing support through scholarship program for the development of human resources in agricultural science. This indeed helped me to
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