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Liaoning Province Liáo Níng Shěng ​辽宁省 42.98 Million Est ◀ LIANG Qichao Comprehensive index starts in volume 5, page 2667. Liaoning Province Liáo níng Shěng ​辽宁省 42.98 million est. 2007 pop. 145,900 square km Liaoning, a province in northeast China little snow; and short, windy springs. It has an average slightly smaller than Nepal, borders on North annual temperature of 6º–11º C (43º–53º F), a frost- free Korea to the east, Inner Mongolia Autono- period of 130–180 days, and a mean annual precipitation mous Region to the northwest, Jilin Province of 400–1,000 millimeters (15–39 inches), which decreases notably from southeast to northwest. to the north, and Hebei Province to the south- Liaoning grows sorghum, maize, rice, and soybeans west. It is the base for the country’s heavy in- and the cash crops of cotton, tobacco, and peanuts. It is dustry, as well as being a major producer of also the major grower of tussah, or wild, silk in China. agricultural products. It is regarded, together The apples of southern Liaoning and the pears of western with Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, as the Liaoning are known throughout China. The province is country’s granary. a rich source of ginseng and pilose antler, valuable ingre- dients for traditional Chinese medicines. The fishery in- dustry is developed along the coast. Liaoning contains rich mineral resources, especially iaoning Province is in the southern part of north- iron ore and coal. Fushun and Fuxin, popularly called the east China. Bounded by the Yellow and Bo Hai “coal capital” and the “coal sea,” produce top- quality coal seas in the south, with a coastline 2,187 kilometers at the largest opencast mining centers in China. With a (1,359 miles) long, Liaoning covers a total area of 145,900 well- grounded heavy industry, Liaoning is one of China’s square kilometers: slightly smaller than Nepal. It is sur- major industrial bases. It leads the country in the produc- rounded by Jilin and Hebei provinces, Inner Mongolia tion of iron and steel, aluminum, sulfuric acid, soda ash, Autonomous Region, and North Korea. The Liao River, heavy machinery, magnesia, and talcum. With its rail- the principal waterway of the province, flows through the way mileage exceeding 4,000 kilometers (2,485 miles) of middle of Liaoning from north to south. The Yalu River tracks, Liaoning has the densest network of rail lines in on the eastern fringe forms the boundary between China the country. and North Korea. The Liaodong Peninsula juts out be- Shenyang, the provincial capital, is the largest city of tween the Yellow and Bo Hai seas from the landmass. Lia- northeast China, with an estimated 2007 population of oning has a zigzag coast and many rocky islands and fine 7.1 million. It is one of China’s economic, communica- natural harbors. It had an estimated population of 42.98 tions, and cultural centers. Shenyang is known through- million in 2007. Ethnic groups living there include Man, out China for its machine- building industry. Mongolians, Koreans, and Xibo. Dalian, the most famous city in Liaoning, lies at the Liaoning has a temperate continental monsoonal cli- southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula. One of the most mate, with hot, rainy summers; long, cold winters with beautiful cities in China, it is a tourist paradise, with 1324 © 2009 by Berkshire Publishing Group LLC L Liaoning Province n Liáo níng Shěng n 辽宁省 1325 CHINA LIAONING PROVINCE Fuxin Shenyang Benxi Liaoning Benxi European- style architecture framing its skyline and miles Hsieh Chiao-min & Max Lu (Eds.). (2001). Changing of beaches along its oceanfront. China: A geographical appraisal. Boulder, CO: West- Di BAI view Press. Kirk, M. (Ed.). (2009). China by numbers 2009. Hong Kong: China Economic Review Publishing. Further Reading China Handbook Editorial Committee. (1992). Geogra- phy, China handbook series. (Liang Liangxing, Trans.). Beijing: Foreign Languages Press. Liaozhai Zhiyi ▶ © 2009 by Berkshire Publishing Group LLC.
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