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Discussion on the Early History of the Formation of Beijing Mandarin Wei
2017 3rd International Conference on Education and Social Development (ICESD 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-444-8 Discussion on the Early History of the Formation of Beijing Mandarin Wei-Wei LI College of International Exchange, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China [email protected] Keywords: Beijing Mandarin Area, Early History, Ethnic Fusion, Language Contact. Abstract. Beijing Mandarin is more than a thousand year ago Yan Yan dialect, based on the integration of the Central Plains Han and northern ethnic minority language components gradually formed. Beijing Mandarin before the formal formation of a long period of gestation, revealing the Sui and Tang dynasties before the formation of the Beijing Mandarin area early human history, for the understanding of Beijing Mandarin language situation is very important. Introduction In this article, "Beijing Mandarin area" means including Beijing urban and suburban county, Hebei Chengde area, much of the northeast in addition to Liaodong peninsula, and parts of Chifeng, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, the general area (Lin Tao, 1987; Zhang Shifang, 2010). "From the northeast to Beijing, in history, there are two common characteristics: one is the ethnic group for a long time, and second, the population flow, this kind of situation lasted nearly one thousand years, the development of northeast dialect and Beijing dialect is extremely far-reaching influence."[1] Beijing dialect and northeast dialect in one thousand to influence each other, eventually forming a Beijing mandarin, including large areas of the northeast and Beijing area. The formation of Beijing mandarin has experienced a long historical process, is more than one thousand years ago YouYan dialect, on the basis of constantly fusion of han nationality and composition of gradually formed in the northern minority languages. -
Bird Diversity in Northern Myanmar and Conservation Implications
ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH Bird diversity in northern Myanmar and conservation implications Ming-Xia Zhang1,2, Myint Kyaw3, Guo-Gang Li1,2, Jiang-Bo Zhao4, Xiang-Le Zeng5, Kyaw Swa3, Rui-Chang Quan1,2,* 1 Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar 2 Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla Yunnan 666303, China 3 Hponkan Razi Wildlife Sanctuary Offices, Putao Kachin 01051, Myanmar 4 Science Communication and Training Department, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla Yunnan 666303, China 5 Yingjiang Bird Watching Society, Yingjiang Yunnan 679300, China ABSTRACT Since the 1990s, several bird surveys had been carried out in the Putao area (Rappole et al, 2011). Under the leadership of We conducted four bird biodiversity surveys in the the Nature and Wildlife Conservation Division (NWCD) of the Putao area of northern Myanmar from 2015 to 2017. Myanmar Forestry Ministry, two expeditions were launched in Combined with anecdotal information collected 1997–1998 (Aung & Oo, 1999) and 2001–2009 (Rappole et al., between 2012 and 2015, we recorded 319 bird 2011), providing the most detailed inventory of local avian species, including two species (Arborophila mandellii diversity thus far. 1 and Lanius sphenocercus) previously unrecorded in Between December 2015 and May 2017, the Southeast Asia Myanmar. Bulbuls (Pycnonotidae), babblers (Timaliidae), Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences pigeons and doves (Columbidae), and pheasants (CAS-SEABRI), Forest Research Institute (FRI) of Myanmar, and partridges (Phasianidae) were the most Hponkan Razi Wildlife Sanctuary (HPWS), and Hkakabo Razi abundant groups of birds recorded. -
Late Item Agenda
LATE ITEM AGENDA Ordinary Meeting of Council Tuesday, 25 January 2011,6.00 pm TABLE OF CONTENTS ITEM NO SUBJECT PAGE C1101-6 PROPOSAL FOR SISTER CITY AGREEMENT WITH LÜSHUNKOU, CHINA 1 Summary Guide to Citizen Participation and Consultation 5 AGENDA ATTACHMENTS 1 C1101-6 PROPOSAL FOR SISTER CITY AGREEMENT WITH LÜSHUNKOU, CHINA 2 CLOSURE OF MEETING Agenda - Ordinary Meeting of Council 25 January 2011 C1101-6 PROPOSAL FOR SISTER CITY AGREEMENT WITH LÜSHUNKOU, CHINA DataWorks Reference: 070/002 Disclosure of Interest: Nil Meeting Date: 25 January 2011 Previous Item: Nil Responsible Officer: Graeme Mackenzie, Chief Executive Officer Actioning Officer: Graeme Mackenzie, Chief Executive Officer Decision Making Authority: Council Agenda Attachments: Letter from WA Premier EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Council has been encouraged by the state government to enter into a sister city agreement with Lüshunkou, China. It is recommended that council agree to enter into a time limited agreement that includes resource sharing with the government. BACKGROUND In late 2010 the City of Fremantle was contacted by officers from the Department of State Development; by Dr Geoff Raby, Australian Ambassador to China; and Colin Barnett, WA Premier – all requesting that the City considers entering into a sister city relationship with Dalian, China. After further negotiations the sister city arrangement was refined to an historic part of Dalian previously called Port Arthur, now called Lüshunkou. Lüshunkou is a district in the municipality of Dalian, Liaoning province, China. Further information on Lüshunkou is outlined below. It is proposed that the City of Fremantle agree to enter into negotiations for a time limited friendship city arrangement with Lüshunkou, China and that this agreement be jointly negotiated with the Department of State Development. -
SOUTH KOREA, in DECEMBER 2014 Petri Hottola ([email protected])
BIRD TOURISM REPORTS 1/2015 SOUTH KOREA, IN DECEMBER 2014 Petri Hottola ([email protected]) Fig. 1. White-naped Cranes at Joonam Reservoir, SE South Korea. In December 2014, 16th to 25th, an eight-day solo visit to South Korea was completed, in an attempt to see 18 target species not yet on my world list. All of them, except Oriental Stork, could be located, with a Grey-backed Thrush as an unexpected bonus. From a viewpoint of a world lister, it may make sense to visit South Korea in winter, because of a locally concentrated assortment of rare wintering species, which are otherwise scattered around a vast region across China and Eastern Siberia. Also, the Korean winter is a mild one if compared to the conditions in Northern Europe, for example. Yes, the day temperature may be -17 C on the northern mountains, as it was on the 22nd, but it is not going to be -30 C, or lower! In the south of the peninsula, milder conditions prevail, also in winter. There may be up to 15 cm of snow on ground in parts of the region, but other areas of the Korean peninsula have no or only a smattering of snow. South Korea is, however, also a particularly difficult destination to visit, in terms of detailed birdwatching information. Part of the material is only available in Korean and difficult to search because of the unique lettering. The English language information, on the other hand, is not always collectively shared, but kept secret by gatekeepers who prefer to guide people to the birds, for a fee, and also expect secrecy from their customers. -
Sichuan, China
Tropical Birding: Sichuan (China). Custom Tour Report A Tropical Birding custom tour SICHUAN, CHINA : (Including the Southern Shans Pre-tour Extension) WHITE-THROATED TIT One of 5 endemic tits recorded on the tour. 21 May – 12 June, 2010 Tour Leader: Sam Woods All photos were taken by Sam Woods/Tropical Birding on this tour, except one photo. www.tropicalbirding.com [email protected] 1-409-515-0514 Tropical Birding: Sichuan (China). Custom Trip Report The Central Chinese province of Sichuan provided some notable challenges this year: still recovering from the catastrophic “Wenchuan 5.12” earthquake of 2008, the area is undergoing massive reconstruction. All very positive for the future of this scenically extraordinary Chinese region, but often a headache for tour arrangements, due to last minute traffic controls leading us to regularly rethink our itinerary in the Wolong area in particular, that was not far from the epicenter of that massive quake. Even in areas seemingly unaffected by the quake, huge road construction projects created similar challenges to achieving our original planned itinerary. However, in spite of regular shuffling and rethinking, the itinerary went ahead pretty much as planned with ALL sites visited. Other challenges came this year in the form of heavy regular rains that plagued us at Wawu Shan and low cloud that limited visibility during our time around the breathtaking Balang Mountain in the Wolong region. With some careful trickery, sneaking our way through week-long road blocks under cover of darkness, birding through thick and thin (mist, cloud and rains) we fought against all such challenges and came out on top. -
Mai Po Nature Reserve Management Plan: 2019-2024
Mai Po Nature Reserve Management Plan: 2019-2024 ©Anthony Sun June 2021 (Mid-term version) Prepared by WWF-Hong Kong Mai Po Nature Reserve Management Plan: 2019-2024 Page | 1 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................... 2 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Regional and Global Context ........................................................................................................................ 8 1.2 Local Biodiversity and Wise Use ................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Geology and Geological History ................................................................................................................. 10 1.4 Hydrology ................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.5 Climate ....................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.6 Climate Change Impacts ............................................................................................................................. 11 1.7 Biodiversity ................................................................................................................................................ -
The Diary of a Manchu Soldier in Seventeenth-Century China: “My
THE DIARY OF A MANCHU SOLDIER IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY CHINA The Manchu conquest of China inaugurated one of the most successful and long-living dynasties in Chinese history: the Qing (1644–1911). The wars fought by the Manchus to invade China and consolidate the power of the Qing imperial house spanned over many decades through most of the seventeenth century. This book provides the first Western translation of the diary of Dzengmeo, a young Manchu officer, and recounts the events of the War of the Three Feudatories (1673–1682), fought mostly in southwestern China and widely regarded as the most serious internal military challenge faced by the Manchus before the Taiping rebellion (1851–1864). The author’s participation in the campaign provides the close-up, emotional perspective on what it meant to be in combat, while also providing a rare window into the overall organization of the Qing army, and new data in key areas of military history such as combat, armament, logistics, rank relations, and military culture. The diary represents a fine and rare example of Manchu personal writing, and shows how critical the development of Manchu studies can be for our knowledge of China’s early modern history. Nicola Di Cosmo joined the Institute for Advanced Study, School of Historical Studies, in 2003 as the Luce Foundation Professor in East Asian Studies. He is the author of Ancient China and Its Enemies (Cambridge University Press, 2002) and his research interests are in Mongol and Manchu studies and Sino-Inner Asian relations. ROUTLEDGE STUDIES -
1 SOUTH KOREA 22 October – 3 November, 2018
SOUTH KOREA 22 October – 3 November, 2018 Sandy Darling, Jeni Darling, Tom Thomas Most tours to South Korea occur in May for the spring migration or in late fall or winter for northern birds that winter in South Korea. This trip was timed in late October and early November to try see both summer residents and winter arrivals, and was successful in doing so. Birds were much shyer than in North America and often were visible only briefly, so that, for example, we saw few thrushes although they could be heard. This report has been written by Sandy and includes photos from both Tom (TT) and Sandy (SD). Sandy saw 166 species adequately of which 57 were life birds. When one includes birds heard, seen by the leader or others, or not seen well enough to count (BVD), the total was about 184. From trip reports it was clear that the person to lead the tour was Dr Nial Moores, Director of Birds Korea, an NGO working to improve the environment, especially for birds, in Korea. Nial has twenty years of experience in Korea, knows where birds are, and has ears and eyes that are exceptional. He planned the trip, made all the arrangements, found birds that we would not have found on our own and was our interface with Koreans, few of whom speak English. Nial also had to rejig the itinerary when strong winds led to the cancellation of a ferry to Baekryeong Island. We drove the vehicles - confidence was needed in dealing with city traffic, which was as aggressive as other trip reports said! Some of the highlights of the trip were: About 40,000 massed shore birds on Yubu Island, including the rare Spoonbill Sandpiper, a life bird for Tom. -
The Russo-Japanese War: Origins and Implications
James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal Volume 7 | Issue 1 2019-2020 The Russo-Japanese War: Origins and Implications Benjamin E. Mainardi James Madison University Follow this and other works at: http://commons.lib.jmu.edu/jmurj Recommended Chicago Author-Date Citation Mainardi, Benjamin E. 2020. “The Russo-Japanese War: Origins and Implications.” James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal 7, no. 1: 6-14. http://commons.lib.jmu.edu/jmurj/vol7/iss1/1 This full issue is brought to you for free and open access by JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Russo-Japanese War Origins and Implications Benjamin Mainardi The 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War was the first major conflict of the twentieth century and a turning point in the balance of power in East Asia. In the short term, Russia’s defeat helped precipitate the 1905 Russian Revolution and the 1917 October Revolution. More broadly, the aftermath of the war informed Japan’s imperial ambitions in Manchuria—the early stages of World War II in Asia during the 1930s—and continuing Russo-Japanese enmity over Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Island chain. Studying this historical conflict in terms of international relations provides valuable insights into the nature of the conflict and how the past continues to shape modern geopolitics. As a case study, the war offers important lessons in the difficulties of sustained power projection and the exigencies involved in adaptable war planning. Equally important, Russia and Japan’s intractable imperial ambitions coupled with their failures to credibly communicate resolve serve as a cautionary tale on the consequences of inept diplomacy. -
History, Background, Context
42 History, Background, Context The history of the Qing dynasty is of course the history of hundreds upon hundreds of millions of people. The volume, density, and complexity of the information contained in this history--"history" in the sense of the totality of what really happened and why--even if it were available would be beyond the capacity of any single individual to comprehend. Thus what follows is "history" in another sense--a selective recreation of the past in written form--in this case a sketch of basic facts about major episodes and events drawn from secondary sources which hopefully will provide a little historical background and allow the reader to place Pi Xirui and Jingxue lishi within a historical context. While the history of the Qing dynasty proper begins in 1644, history is continuous. The Jurchen (who would later call themselves Manchus), a northeastern tribal people, had fought together with the Chinese against the Japanese in the 1590s when the Japanese invaded Korea. However in 1609, after a decade of increasing military strength, their position towards the Chinese changed, becoming one of antagonism. Nurhaci1 努爾哈赤 (1559-1626), a leader who had united the Jurchen tribes, proclaimed himself to be their chieftain or Khan in 1616 and also proclaimed the 1See: ECCP, p.594-9, for his biography. 43 founding of a new dynasty, the Jin 金 (also Hou Jin 後金 or Later Jin), signifying that it was a continuation of the earlier Jurchen dynasty which ruled from 1115-1234. In 1618, Nurhaci led an army of 10,000 with the intent of invading China. -
SOUTHERN INDIA and SRI LANKA
Sri Lanka Woodpigeon (all photos by D.Farrow unless otherwise stated) SOUTHERN INDIA and SRI LANKA (WITH ANDAMANS ISLANDS EXTENSION) 25 OCTOBER – 19 NOVEMBER 2016 LEADER: DAVE FARROW This years’ tour to Southern India and Sri Lanka was once again a very successful and enjoyable affair. A wonderful suite of endemics were seen, beginning with our extension to the Andaman Islands where we were able to find 20 of the 21 endemics, with Andaman Scops and Walden’s Scops Owls, Andaman and Hume’s Hawk Owls leading the way, Andaman Woodpigeon and Andaman Cuckoo Dove, good looks at 1 BirdQuest Tour Report: South India and Sri Lanka 2016 www.birdquest-tours.com Andaman Crake, plus all the others with the title ‘Andaman’ (with the exception of the Barn Owl) and a rich suite of other birds such as Ruddy Kingfisher, Oriental Pratincole, Long-toed Stint, Long-tailed Parakeets and Mangrove Whistler. In Southern India we birded our way from the Nilgiri Hills to the lowland forest of Kerala finding Painted and Jungle Bush Quail, Jungle Nightjar, White-naped and Heart-spotted Woodpeckers, Malabar Flameback, Malabar Trogons, Malabar Barbet, Blue-winged Parakeet, Grey-fronted Green Pigeons, Nilgiri Woodpigeon, Indian Pitta (with ten seen on the tour overall), Jerdon's Bushlarks, Malabar Larks, Malabar Woodshrike and Malabar Whistling Thrush, Black-headed Cuckooshrike, Black-and- Orange, Nilgiri, Brown-breasted and Rusty-tailed Flycatchers, Nilgiri and White-bellied Blue Robin, Black- chinned and Kerala Laughingthrushes, Dark-fronted Babblers, Indian Rufous Babblers, Western Crowned Warbler, Indian Yellow Tit, Indian Blackbird, Hill Swallow, Nilgiri Pipit, White-bellied Minivet, the scarce Yellow-throated and Grey-headed Bulbuls, Flame-throated and Yellow-browed Bulbuls, Nilgiri Flowerpecker, Loten's Sunbird, Black-throated Munias and the stunning endemic White-bellied Treepie. -
OBC Yunnan, China, 6-28 Nov 2010
Yunnan, China, with OBC: Nov 2010. An at-a-glance list of 387 species of birds & seven species of mammals recorded. By Jesper Hornskov ® ***this draft 30 Aug 2012*** ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Please note that the following list is best considered a work in progress. It should not be quoted without consulting the author. Based mostly on my own field notes, this brief write-up covers the birds & mammals noted by G Bowen, P Duffus, R Robinson, T Townshend & myself in Yunnan over 7-27 November 2010. We recorded 387 species. An additional 45 (including some Palearctic Megas) were logged on pre- & post-trip excursions near Beijing on 6th & 29th – for want of what else to do with them, and to make it easier for future travellers to decide if it might be worth their while to extend their visit by a day or two, these are included in the list. Around Beijing the weather was as expected fine both before and after the trip - unfortunately a flight delay caused PD to miss the highly rewarding excursion to Wild Duck Lake on 6th (but GB & I were happy to welcome M Moeller on board for the day), and regrettably neither GB, RR nor TT were able to stay on for an extra day so on 29th it was only PD & myself who made the most of a fine, on-the-threshold-of-winter day at Botanical Gardens. In Yunnan the weather lived up to expectations with no more than 15 minutes of rain in three weeks. We 'did' our main target area, mostly forested habitats at c300-2,500 masl W of the Salween, under mostly magnificently blue skies before bagging the hoped-for Rufous-tailed Moupinia Moupinia poecilotis & Yunnan Nuthatch Sitta yunnanensis without breaking into a run at Lijiang.