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Preservation of Original Orthography in the Construction of an Old Irish Corpus
Preservation of Original Orthography in the Construction of an Old Irish Corpus. Adrian Doyle, John P. McCrae, Clodagh Downey National University of Ireland Galway [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Irish was one of the earliest vernacular European languages to have been written using the Latin alphabet. Furthermore, there exists a relatively large corpus of Irish language text dating to this Old Irish period (c. 700 – c 950). Beginning around the turn of the twentieth century, a large amount of study into Old Irish revealed a highly standardised language with a rich morphology, and often creative orthography. While Modern Irish enjoys recognition from the Irish state as the first official language, and from the EU as a full official and working language, Old Irish is almost incomprehensible to most modern speakers, and remains extremely under-resourced. This paper will examine considerations which must be given to aspects of orthography and palaeography before the text of a historical manuscript can be represented in digital format. Based on these considerations the argument will be presented that digitising the text of the Würzburg glosses as it appears in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus will enable the use of computational analysis to aid in current areas of linguistic research by preserving original orthographical information. The process of compiling the digital corpus, including considerations given to preservation of orthographic information during this process, will then be detailed. Keywords: manuscripts, palaeography, orthography, digitisation, optical character recognition, Python, Unicode, morphology, Old Irish, historical languages glosses]” (2006, p.10). Before any text can be deemed 1. -
Ancient Greek Tragedy and Irish Epic in Modern Irish
MEMORABLE BARBARITIES AND NATIONAL MYTHS: ANCIENT GREEK TRAGEDY AND IRISH EPIC IN MODERN IRISH THEATRE A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Notre Dame in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Katherine Anne Hennessey, B.A., M.A. ____________________________ Dr. Susan Cannon Harris, Director Graduate Program in English Notre Dame, Indiana March 2008 MEMORABLE BARBARITIES AND NATIONAL MYTHS: ANCIENT GREEK TRAGEDY AND IRISH EPIC IN MODERN IRISH THEATRE Abstract by Katherine Anne Hennessey Over the course of the 20th century, Irish playwrights penned scores of adaptations of Greek tragedy and Irish epic, and this theatrical phenomenon continues to flourish in the 21st century. My dissertation examines the performance history of such adaptations at Dublin’s two flagship theatres: the Abbey, founded in 1904 by W.B. Yeats and Lady Gregory, and the Gate, established in 1928 by Micheál Mac Liammóir and Hilton Edwards. I argue that the potent rivalry between these two theatres is most acutely manifest in their production of these plays, and that in fact these adaptations of ancient literature constitute a “disputed territory” upon which each theatre stakes a claim of artistic and aesthetic preeminence. Partially because of its long-standing claim to the title of Ireland’s “National Theatre,” the Abbey has been the subject of the preponderance of scholarly criticism about the history of Irish theatre, while the Gate has received comparatively scarce academic attention. I contend, however, that the history of the Abbey--and of modern Irish theatre as a whole--cannot be properly understood except in relation to the strikingly different aesthetics practiced at the Gate. -
Computational Approaches to Mapping Historical Irish Cognate Verb Forms
Past, present and future: Computational approaches to mapping historical Irish cognate verb forms Theodorus Leman Franciscus Fransen Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Language & Communication Studies School of Linguistic, Speech and Communication Sciences Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin 2019 Declaration I declare that this thesis has not been submitted as an exercise for a degree at this or any other university and it is entirely my own work. I agree to deposit this thesis in the University’s open access institutional repository or allow the Library to do so on my behalf, subject to Irish Copyright Legislation and Trinity College Library conditions of use and acknowledgement. Summary This thesis investigates how computational methods can be used to enhance our understanding of the significant historical developments in the verbal system between Old Irish (c. 8th–9th centuries A.D.) and Modern Irish (13th century onwards). Out of all grammatical subsystems, the verbal system is subject to the most severe morphological changes between Old and Modern Irish, i.e., during the Middle Irish period (c. 10th–12th centuries). The main contribution of this thesis is the creation of a morphological Finite-State Transducer (FST) for Old Irish, focusing on verbs, successfully implemented in the finite-state tool foma (Hulden 2009). The FST is an important advancement in Natural Language Processing for Old Irish and will assist research in various linguistic subdisciplines as well as in medieval Irish philology. Chapter 1 demonstrates that a hiatus exists in digital linguistic support for historical Irish language periods. This hiatus in coverage and continuity is particularly true for Early Modern Irish (c. -
Aberystwyth University a Note on the Ogham Inscription from Buckquoy
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Aberystwyth Research Portal Aberystwyth University A Note on the Ogham Inscription from Buckquoy, Orkney Rodway, Simon Published in: Journal of Celtic Linguistics DOI: 10.16922/jcl.18.5 Publication date: 2017 Citation for published version (APA): Rodway, S. (2017). A Note on the Ogham Inscription from Buckquoy, Orkney. Journal of Celtic Linguistics, 18, 103-116. https://doi.org/10.16922/jcl.18.5 Document License CC BY-NC-ND General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Aberystwyth Research Portal (the Institutional Repository) are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the Aberystwyth Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the Aberystwyth Research Portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. tel: +44 1970 62 2400 email: [email protected] Download date: 03. Oct. 2019 Journal of Celtic Linguistics (2017), 18, 103–116 10.16922/jcl.18.5 A Note on the Ogham Inscription from Buckquoy, Orkney Simon Rodway Aberystwyth University I tentatively propose a new Gaelic interpretation of an ogham inscription on a spindle-whorl from Buckquoy in Orkney. -
TFG Utrera.Pdf (380.8Kb)
Ó LABHRAÍGÍ MÉ!: THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE OF THE IRISH LANGUAGE Author: Mikel Utrera Puelles Tutor: Xabier Zabaltza Pérez-Nievas Degree in English Studies – 2018/2019 Department of Contemporary History 1 Is mise an Ghaeilge I am Irish Is mise do theanga I am your language Is mise do chultúr I am your culture D'Úsáid na Filí mé The poets used me D'Úsáid na huaisle The nobles used me D'Úsáid na daoine mé The people used me Is d'Úsáid na leanaí And the children used me Go bródúil a bhí siad Proud they were Agus mise faoi réim. And I flourished. Ach tháinig an strainséir But the stranger came Chuir sé faoi chois mé He suppressed me Is rud ní ba mheasa Something worse than that was Nior mhaith le mo chlann mé My own people rejected me Anois táim lag Now I am weak Anois táim tréith Now I am feeble Ach fós táim libh But still I am with you Is beidh mé go beo. And I will be forever. Tóg suas mo cheann Raise up my head Cuir áthas ar mo chroí Put joy in my heart Labhraígí mé Speak me Ó labhraígí mé! Oh speak me! — Anonymous 2 ABSTRACT The case of the Irish language could be considered an anomaly – a nation that, in most of its territory, achieved its independence about 100 years ago should, on paper, not speak the language of their colonizers. However, this is not the case in Ireland. The most accepted theory on the poor state of the language is that the nationalists who kick started the Irish national movement gave more importance to religion than to culture and language, thus linking a free Ireland with the Catholic fate and leaving the Gaelic language and culture aside. -
Initial Consonant Mutation in Modern Irish: a Synchronic and Diachronic Analysis Janine Fay Robinson San Jose State University
San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Master's Theses Master's Theses and Graduate Research Spring 2015 Initial Consonant Mutation in Modern Irish: A Synchronic and Diachronic Analysis Janine Fay Robinson San Jose State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses Recommended Citation Robinson, Janine Fay, "Initial Consonant Mutation in Modern Irish: A Synchronic and Diachronic Analysis" (2015). Master's Theses. 4556. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.f5ad-sep5 https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4556 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses and Graduate Research at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INITIAL CONSONANT MUTATION IN MODERN IRISH: A SYNCHRONIC AND DIACHRONIC ANALYSIS A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Linguistics and Language Development San José State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts by Janine F. Robinson May 2015 © 2015 Janine F. Robinson ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii The Designated Thesis Committee Approves the Thesis Titled INITIAL CONSONANT MUTATION IN MODERN IRISH: A SYNCHRONIC AND DIACHRONIC ANALYSIS by Janine F. Robinson APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT SAN JOSÉ STATE UNIVERSITY May 2015 Dr. Daniel Silverman Department of Linguistics and Language Development Dr. Soteria Svorou Department of Linguistics and Language Development Dr. Kenneth VanBik Department of Linguistics and Language Development iii ABSTRACT INITIAL CONSONANT MUTATION IN MODERN IRISH: A SYNCHRONIC AND DIACHRONIC ANALYSIS by Janine F. -
A Comparative Analysis of Irish and Scottish Ogham Pillar Stones Clare Jeanne Connelly University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations May 2015 A Partial Reading of the Stones: a Comparative Analysis of Irish and Scottish Ogham Pillar Stones Clare Jeanne Connelly University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Communication Commons, and the Medieval History Commons Recommended Citation Connelly, Clare Jeanne, "A Partial Reading of the Stones: a Comparative Analysis of Irish and Scottish Ogham Pillar Stones" (2015). Theses and Dissertations. 799. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/799 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A PARTIAL READING OF THE STONES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF IRISH AND SCOTTISH OGHAM PILLAR STONES by Clare Connelly A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Anthropology at The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee May 2015 ABSTRACT A PARTIAL READING OF THE STONES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF IRISH AND SCOTTISH OGHAM PILLAR STONES by Clare Connelly The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2015 Under the Supervision of Professor Bettina Arnold Ogham is a script that originated in Ireland and later spread to other areas of the British Isles. This script has preserved best on large pillar stones. Other artefacts with ogham inscriptions, such as bone-handled knives and chalk spindle-whorls, are also known. While ogham has fascinated scholars for centuries, especially the antiquarians of the 18th and 19th centuries, it has mostly been studied as a script and a language and the nature of its association with particular artefact types has been largely overlooked. -
Celtic Initial Consonant Mutations - Nghath and Bhfuil?
Celtic initial consonant mutations - nghath and bhfuil? Author: Kevin M Conroy Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/530 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2008 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. Undergraduate Honors Program Linguistics Celtic initial consonant mutations – nghath and bhfuil ? by Kevin M. Conroy submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements the degree of B.A. © copyright by Kevin M. Conroy 2008 Celtic initial consonant mutations – nghath and bhfuil ? Abstract The Insular Celtic languages, such as Irish and Welsh, distinctively feature a morphophonemic process known as initial consonant mutation. Essentially the initial sound of a word changes due to certain grammatical contexts. Thus the word for ‘car’ may appear as carr, charr and gcarr in Irish and as car, gar, char and nghar in Welsh. Originally these mutations result from assimilatory phonological processes which have become grammaticalized and can convey morphological, semantic and syntactic information. This paper looks at the primary mutations in Irish and Welsh, showing the phonological changes involved and exemplifying their basic triggers with forms from the modern languages. Then it explores various topics related to initial consonant mutations including their historical development and impact on the grammatical structure of the Celtic languages. This examination helps to clarify the existence and operations of the initial mutations and displays how small sound changes can have a profound impact upon a language over time. Boston College Undergraduate Honors Program Linguistics Celtic initial consonant mutations – nghath and bhfuil ? by Kevin M. -
Palatalisation in Dublin Irish, Or How to Speak Irish with a Dublin Accent
Studia Celtica Posnaniensia, Vol 2 (1), 2017 doi: 10.1515/scp-2017-0004 PALATALISATION IN DUBLIN IRISH, OR HOW TO SPEAK IRISH WITH A DUBLIN ACCENT MARINA SNESAREVA Lomonosov Moscow State University ABSTRACT This paper focuses on palatalisation in Irish spoken by Dublin-based bilinguals with English as their first language. As opposed to previous researches in Irish phonetics and phonology, this study examines new speakers of Irish, whose speech was recorded in November 2014. All informants were born and raised in Dublin, lived either in the city or in the neighbouring counties and demonstrated sufficient fluency in Irish, i.e. had no problems with reading, could actively participate in conversation and give detailed answers without switching to English. Computer analysis of their data has shown that even though in traditional Irish dialects palatalisation is not position-bound, there is a correlation between palatalisation of a consonant and its neighbouring vowel quality in the speech of Dublin bilingualsdue to English influence andother factors. Keywords: palatalisation, Irish Gaelic, Dublin, new speakers, phonetics, language contact 1. Introduction Today Irish is recognised as the first official language of Ireland, and yet it has been in gradual decline since at least mid-19th century due to unfavourable social and extralinguistic circumstances (Ó Cuív 1951). At the same time it is regarded by the country’s population as an integral part of their national identity (Hickey 2009: 69). English, while being the second official language of Ireland, is in fact the language of most Irish people, and for many of them it is the only one they speak. -
The Survival of Irish Gaelic in the Gaeltacht of County Galway, 1880-1920
Butler University Digital Commons @ Butler University Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection Undergraduate Scholarship 2019 The Survival of Irish Gaelic in the Gaeltacht of County Galway, 1880-1920 Eileen Hogan Butler University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/ugtheses Part of the Anthropology Commons, and the History Commons Recommended Citation Hogan, Eileen, "The Survival of Irish Gaelic in the Gaeltacht of County Galway, 1880-1920" (2019). Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection. 474. https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/ugtheses/474 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Scholarship at Digital Commons @ Butler University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Butler University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Survival of Irish Gaelic in the Gaeltacht of County Galway, 1880-1920 A Thesis Presented to the Department of History and Anthropology College of Liberal Arts and Sciences of Butler University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation Eileen Elizabeth Hogan May 11th, 2019 Hogan 2 Abstract In the 1850s in post-famine Ireland, the Irish-Gaelic language was neglected in favor of English which equipped speakers to be members of the United Kingdom. But, the agrarian society of the County Galway Gaeltacht (designated Irish-speaking region) remained a stronghold of the Irish language despite British imperialists. The Survival of Irish-Gaelic addresses the survival of the native language in the Galway Gaeltacht. While my work has identified several reasons for the survival in this one specific region, this presentation focuses upon interrelated explanations. -
Babelstone: the Ogham Stones of the Isle Of
BabelStone Thursday, 30 June 2011 The Ogham Stones of the Isle of Man • The Ogham Stones of Cornwall and Devon • The Ogham Stones of Wales • The Ogham Stones of Scotland • The Ogham Stones of the Isle of Man • The Ogham Stones of Ireland • The Ogham Stones of Elsewhere The Isle of Man, situated midway between Ireland and Britain, has always been at a sea-faring crossroads, and over the centuries has been exposed to influences from many different cultures. This is well reflected in the relatively large number of monumental inscriptions that have survived on the island, which include both runestones and Ogham stones, exhibiting a mixture of Irish, British, Pictish and Norse influences. Location of Ogham Inscriptions in the Isle of Man Red tags mark the sites of certain Ogham inscriptions (a dot indicates that the stone is in situ) Blue tags mark museums or other sites where Ogham stones are held The Manx Ogham inscriptions are a heterogeneous group with a wide age span, some perhaps dating to as early as the 5th century, and others dating to as late as the 12th century. Typifying the fusion of Irish and Norse cultures on the island during the medieval period (9th through 13th centuries) are two unique monuments that combine Norse Runic inscriptions and Ogham inscriptions on the same stone : • Maughold Stone (MAUGH/2) • Kirk Michael Stone (KMICH/1) The Maughold stone is a plain, flat stone with a line of Norse runes reading "John the Priest cut these runes" running across its centre, below which is inscribed the sixteen-letter "younger fuþark" in short twig runes. -
Ionad Na Gaeilge Labhartha Bord Na Gaeilge University College Cork
Ionad na Gaeilge Labhartha Bord na Gaeilge University College Cork Annual Report 2015 ~ 2016 1 Staff of Ionad na Gaeilge Labhartha ............................................................................................ 3 Membership of Bord na Gaeilge ................................................................................................. 4 Preamble .................................................................................................................................... 5 The Contribution of Ionad na Gaeilge Labhartha to UCC ............................................................. 8 Internationalisation .............................................................................................................................. 8 Promoting Student Learning ................................................................................................................. 9 Enhancing the Student Experience ..................................................................................................... 10 Advancing Diversity ............................................................................................................................ 10 Addressing Societal Needs .................................................................................................................. 11 Lifelong Learning ................................................................................................................................. 11 Teaching and Learning .......................................................................................................................