From Lithuania Books from Lithuania 2016—2019
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Lithuanian Voices
CHAPTER FIVE Lithuanian Voices 1. Lithuanian Letters in the U.S. The list of American works featuring Lithuanians is short; it apparently consists of three novels. However, for such a small nation, not a “global player” in Franzen’s words, three novels authored by Americans can be seen as sufficient and even impressive. After all, three American authors found Lithuanians interesting enough to make them the main characters of their works. Two of those works, Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle and Jonathan Franzen’s The Corrections, became bestsellers and popularized the name of Lithuania in the U.S. and the world. The third work, Margaret Seebach’s That Man Donaleitis, although overlooked by critics and readers, nevertheless exists as a rare token of admiration for an obscure and oppressed people of the Russian empire. Many other small nations never made it to the pages of American texts. The best they could do was to present themselves to Americans in their own ethnic writing in English. However, the mere existence of such ethnic texts did not guarantee their success with the American audience. Ethnic groups from Eastern Europe for a long time presented little interest to Americans. As noted by Thomas Ferraro, autobiographical and biographical narratives of “immigrants from certain little-known places of Eastern Europe . did not attract much attention” (383). He mentions texts by a Czech, a Croatian, a Slovakian and a Pole written between 1904 and 1941, and explains the lack of attention to them from American public: “the groups they depict remained amorphous in the national imagination and did not seem to pose too much of a cultural threat” (383). -
Lithuanian Writers and the Establishment During Late Socialism: the Writers Union As a Place for Conformism Or Escape Vilius Ivanauskas
LITHUANIAN HISTORICAL STUDIES 15 2010 ISSN 1392-2343 PP. 51–78 LITHUANIAN WRITERS AND THE EStabLISHMENT DURING LatE SOCIALISM: THE WRITERS UNION AS A PLACE FOR CONFORMISM OR ESCAPE Vilius Ivanauskas ABSTRACT This article analyses how the changes in the dominant attitude of local Soviet writers were encouraged, screened or restricted by the Writers Union [WU] through mechanisms of planning, control and even through measures of creating a secure daily environment. The author looks at the tensions and conflicts between writers of different generations, observing less ideology in the younger generation than in their predecessors since the development and dissemination of national images among the declared values of communism were increasing. The union as a system covered both aspects – conformism and the escape (manoeuvre). Though the WU had a strong mechanism of control, it managed to ensure for the writers such a model of adaptation where even those, who were subject to restrictions, had a possibility of remaining within the official structure, through certain compromises, while actually avoiding involvement in dissident activities or samizdat publishing. Introduction In August 1940 a group of Lithuanian intellectuals, most of whom were writers, went off to Moscow “to bring back Stalin’s Sunshine”, at the same time asking for Lithuania to be incorporated into the USSR. Forty eight years later in early June 1988 a few members of the local literary elite joined the initial Sąjūdis Group and from thenceforth stood in the vanguard of the National Revival. These two historic moments, witnessing two contrary breaking points in history, when Lithuanian writers were active participants in events, naturally give rise to the question of how the status and role of writers and their relationship with the Soviet regime changed. -
Lithuanian Literature in 1918–1940: the Dynamics of Influences and Originality
340 INTERLITT ERA RIA 2018, 23/2: 340–353 VANAGAITĖ Lithuanian Literature in 1918–1940: The Dynamics of Influences and Originality GITANA VANAGAITĖ Abstract. Lithuanian independence (1918–1940), which lasted for twenty- two years, and its symbolic center, the provisional capital Kaunas, have been very important for the country’s political, social, and cultural identity. In 1918, changes in the social, economic, and political status of an individual as well as transformations in the literary field followed the change of the political system. In what ways the relationship between the center and the periphery and the spheres of literary influences were altered by the new forms of life? Lithuania, the former geographic periphery of tsarist Russia, after the change of the political system became a geographical and cultural periphery of Europe. Nevertheless, political freedom provided an opportunity to use the dichotomy of center-periphery creatively. Lithuanian writers, who suddenly found them- selves living in Europe with old cultural traditions, tried to overcome the insignificance of their own literature, its shallow themes and problems by “borrowing” ideas and ways to express them. In fact, the imitation was not mechanical, so the new influences enabled writers to expand significantly the themes and forms of Lithuanian literature. The article examines the development of new cultural centers in inde- pendent Lithuania. It also discusses the avant-garde movement which emerged under the influence of Russian futurists and German expressionists. In addition, it focuses on individual authors, such as Antanas Vaičiulaitis, Kazys Binkis and Petras Cvirka, and the influence that affected their works. Keywords: center; periphery; literary influence; host culture Center and Periphery in Literature The word periphery translated from the Latin (peripherīa) means “a circle.” In turn, this Latin word is related to two Greek words, perí, which means “around,” and pherein – “to carry”. -
Darius Staliūnas HISTORIOGRAPHY of the LITHUANIAN NATIONAL
Darius Staliūnas HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE LITHUANIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT CHANGING PARADIGMS The beginning of Lithuanian national historiography and the topic of ‘National Revival’ The Lithuanian historical narrative was formed during the nineteenth century as a component part of a newly developing Lithuanian national discourse. One of the most important and most difficult tasks facing the construction of a modern Lithuanian identity was how to separate it from the Polish identity (as well as from its Russian counterpart, even though Russianness was not regarded as being so parlous for the ‘purification’ of national identity). It therefore comes as no surprise that Lithuanians construed their concept of history as an alternative to the Polish construction (and to a lesser degree to the Russian version). Most nineteenth-century Polish political movements, including schools of history, did not regard the Lithuanians as having any independent political future and so it is not surprising that they were inclined first and foremost to stress the benefits of Polish culture and civilisation in Lithuania’s past. The Lithuanians had no other option than using their authentic ethnic culture as a counterweight to Polish civilisation. Conceiving Lithuanian identity as primarily ethno-cultural values, a concept of Lithuanian history was construed accordingly. The history of Lithuania was considered to be Darius Staliūnas, ‘Historiography of the Lithuanian national movement. Changing paradigms’, in: Studies on National Movements, 1 (2013) pp. 160-182. http://snm.nise.eu Studies on National Movements, 1 (2013) | ARTICLES the history of (ethnic) Lithuanians. Topics connected with ‘national revival’ have clearly dominated in texts devoted to nineteenth-century history. -
Were the Baltic Lands a Small, Underdeveloped Province in a Far
3 Were the Baltic lands a small, underdeveloped province in a far corner of Europe, to which Germans, Swedes, Poles, and Russians brought religion, culture, and well-being and where no prerequisites for independence existed? Thus far the world extends, and this is the truth. Tacitus of the Baltic Lands He works like a Negro on a plantation or a Latvian for a German. Dostoyevsky The proto-Balts or early Baltic peoples began to arrive on the shores of the Baltic Sea nearly 4,000 years ago. At their greatest extent, they occupied an area some six times as large as that of the present Baltic peoples. Two thousand years ago, the Roman Tacitus wrote about the Aesti tribe on the shores of the #BMUJDBDDPSEJOHUPIJN JUTNFNCFSTHBUIFSFEBNCFSBOEXFSFOPUBTMB[ZBT many other peoples.1 In the area that presently is Latvia, grain was already cultivated around 3800 B.C.2 Archeologists say that agriculture did not reach southern Finland, only some 300 kilometers away, until the year 2500 B.C. About 900 AD Balts began establishing tribal realms. “Latvians” (there was no such nation yet) were a loose grouping of tribes or cultures governed by kings: Couronians (Kurshi), Latgallians, Selonians and Semigallians. The area which is known as -BUWJBUPEBZXBTBMTPPDDVQJFECZB'JOOP6HSJDUSJCF UIF-JWT XIPHSBEVBMMZ merged with the Balts. The peoples were further commingled in the wars which Estonian and Latvian tribes waged with one another for centuries.3 66 Backward and Undeveloped? To judge by findings at grave sites, the ancient inhabitants in the area of Latvia were a prosperous people, tall in build. -
The Peoples of the Eastern Baltic Littoral
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83372-1 - A Concise History of the Baltic States Andrejs Plakans Excerpt More information 1 The peoples of the eastern Baltic littoral A survey of the history of the peoples of the eastern Baltic littoral could start with the first mention of them in written sources, which would permit subsequent events to be described according to a recognized chronology. To begin much earlier requires that in this chapter we use a different time scale from that common among historians, reckoning the passage of time in tens and hundreds of thousands of years. The decision to start earlier was in part based on the desirability of underlining that the Baltic region was not empty space at the time major civilizations appeared, flowered, and declined in the Near East and in the Mediterranean basin; and in part to establish that human movement was from the beginning an integral part of long-term Baltic history. In the centuries when they began to appear by name in written historical sources – roughly starting in the first century AD – the peoples of the littoral were only the latest of hundreds of generations of migrants, some of whom left behind identifiable fragments of material culture while others disappeared leaving barely a trace. All these comings and goings no doubt had turning points of various kinds about which we are unlikely ever to know very much. The one that was crucial for connecting the continuous human history of the Baltic littoral to the history of the rest of the European continent, however, came when writers in the existing civilizations began to assign names to the littoral peoples, imprecise and largely uninformative though these names were. -
Klaipedos Kr Dainos.Indd
Singing tradition of the Klaipėda region preserved in Lithuania and in the émigré communities In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries it was the Lithuanian songs of East Prussia that opened the way for Lithuanian language and culture into Western Europe. The elegiac folk poetry, with characteristically straightforward structure and plain subject matter, fascinated the enlightened minds of artists and scholars, kindling their imagination and providing inspiration for their own creative work. Certain ideas that originated in the Age of Enlightenment and gained currency in Western Europe, coupled with the nascent concern about the newly discovered yet already vanishing layer of traditional culture, lent an important impetus for preservation of that obsolescent culture. It was then that the Lithuanian songs were first recorded, published and researched. The network of Prussian clergymen who were the first collectors of folklore formed around Liudvikas Rėza (Ludwig Rhesa) (1776‒1840), a professor at the University of Königsberg, amassed a priceless repository of Lithuanian non-material culture, which kept growing by the effort of countless devout enthusiasts during the coming two hundred years. The present collection of Songs and Music from the Klaipėda Region is yet another contribution to this ever expanding repository. At long last we will have an opportunity to hear the real sound of what many of us have only known in the form of written down verses, notated melodies, and interpretations thereof. As a matter of fact, no sound recordings of authentic Prussian Lithuanian songs or instrumental music have been published in Lithuania in the course of the 20th century. On the other hand, there was no apparent lack of valuable materials preserved at folklore archives and informants who could have sung Lithuanian folk songs for the compilers of sound anthologies in the middle of 26 the 20th century. -
Lithuanian Diaspora
University of Notre Dame Australia ResearchOnline@ND Theses 2008 Lithuanian diaspora: An interview study on the preservation or loss of Pre-World War Two traditional culture among Lithuanian Catholic Émigrés in Western Australia and Siberia, in comparison with Lithuanians in their homeland Milena Vico University of Notre Dame Australia Follow this and additional works at: http://researchonline.nd.edu.au/theses Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Copyright Regulations 1969 WARNING The am terial in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further copying or communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act. Do not remove this notice. Publication Details Vico, M. (2008). Lithuanian diaspora: An interview study on the preservation or loss of Pre-World War Two traditional culture among Lithuanian Catholic Émigrés in Western Australia and Siberia, in comparison with Lithuanians in their homeland (Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)). University of Notre Dame Australia. http://researchonline.nd.edu.au/theses/33 This dissertation/thesis is brought to you by ResearchOnline@ND. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of ResearchOnline@ND. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHAPTER 2 LITHUANIA: THE EARLIEST BEGINNINGS 9 CHAPTER 2 LITHUANIA: THE EARLIEST BEGINNINGS An historical culture is one that binds present and future generations, like links in a chain, to all those who precede them. A man identifies himself, according to the national ideal, through his relationship to his ancestors and forebears, and to the events that shaped their character (Smith, 1979, p. -
The Revival of Lithuanian Polyphonic Sutartinės Songs in the Late 20Th and Early 21St Century Daiva Račiūnaitė-Vyčinienė
The Revival of Lithuanian Polyphonic Sutartinės Songs in the Late 20th and Early 21st Century Daiva Račiūnaitė-Vyčinienė Introduction The ‘Neo-Folklore movement’ (in Lithuania, In contemporary ethnomusicology, attention is folkloro judėjimas, folkloro ansamblių judėjimas; increasingly paid to the defi nition of the terms in Latvia, folkloras absambļu kustība; in Estonia, ‘tradition’ and ‘innovation’. These defi nitions folklooriliikumine) is the term used in the Baltic include stability and mobility; repetition and contries (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) to denote creativity; ‘fi rst’ and ‘second existence’1 and similar the increased interest in folklore tradition during concepts, and how these phenomena relate the 1970s and 80s. The term also ‘describes the to folklore traditions. Most of today’s musical practical forms of actualizing folklore in daily traditions can be described as ‘revival’. This term life and in the expressions of amateur art that is used widely yet ambiguously in research in have accompanied the spiritual awakening of the English language.2 The word is applied to the people and their fi ght for the restoration of the phenomena of revitalisation, recreation, independence at beginning of the 1990s’ (Klotiņš innovation, and transformation, these terms often 2002: 107). In Soviet times, the Lithuanian folklore being used synonymously and interchangeably.3 ensemble movement,5 one among thousands of its Nevertheless, there are some ethnomusicologists kind, was a form of resistance to denationalisation who take a purist approach, adhering to the and to other Soviet ideologies. Without this original meanings of these terms. The Swedish ethnic, cultural union there would not have been ethnomusicologist Ingrid Åkesson describes a Singing Revolution.6 three basic concepts that apply to the processes This movement encompassed a variety of of change in folklore, each with its own shade of folklore genres and styles, refl ecting the general meaning: ‘recreation’, ‘reshaping’/‘transformation’, revival and reinvigoration of folklore. -
WHAT PRICE LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE? By
NOT FOR WITHOUT WRITER'SPUBLICATIOICONSENT INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD ILN AFEAIRS Vilnius Lithuania April ii, 1990 WHAT PRICE LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE? by Ina Navazelskis Saturday, March 31, was a beautiful spring day in Vilnius. The sun shone; a gusty, warm breeze blew. People were out shopping or strolling along Gediminas Prospect, Vilnius' central boulevard. Life looked normal. It was, however,-far from that. It was on this balmy spring day that Mikhail Gorbachev delivered his most stinging written rebuke yet to the Lithuanian leadership. Almost three weeks to the day after the Lithuanians declared independence, Gorbachev warned of "grave consequences" if the Lithuanian parliament refused to revoke all the laws, declarations, resolutions and appeals that it had passed in the interim. Gorbachev's primary target, of course, was the declaration of independence itself, or as the Lithuanians call it, the "reestablishment" of the independent statehood of Lithuania. The Lithuanians have been calling for negotiations with Moscow ever since they passed this act on March ii. Gorbachev now stipulated he would sit down at the negotiating table only if the Lithuanians [evoked it. "The current Lithuanian leadership is not listening to the voice of reason, Gorbachev' s ultimatum to the Lithuanian Parliament began. It was totally ignoring the decisions of the extraordinary third session of the Soviet People's Congress held in mid-March (which condemned all the Lithuanian moves) and was "carrying out actions which conflict with the Constitution of the Soviet Union, and which, in the view of the entire Union, are openly provocational and insulting." Ins Navszelskis, a journalist, hes written extensively about East European and Soviet ffairs. -
Country Profile Lithuania
Country Profile Lithuania Last updated: February 2020 This profile was prepared and updated by Audronė Rimkutė (Vilnius University). The opinions expressed in this profile are those of the author and are not official statements of the government or of the Compendium editors. It is based on official and non-official sources addressing current cultural policy issues. Additional national cultural policy profiles are available on: http://www.culturalpolicies.net If the entire profile or relevant parts of it are reproduced in print or in electronic form including in a translated version, for whatever purpose, a specific request has to be addressed to the Association of the Compendium of Cultural Policies and Trends. Such reproduction must be accompanied by the standard reference below, as well as by the name of the author of the profile. Standard Reference: Association of the Compendium of Cultural Policies and Trends, "Compendium of Cultural Policies and Trends," 20th edition 2020. Available under:<https://www.culturalpolicies.net>>. ISSN: 2222-7334. 1 1. Cultural policy system ..................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1. Objectives, main features and background ....................................................................................... 4 1.2. Domestic governance system .............................................................................................................. 7 1.2.1. Organisational organigram .............................................................................................................. -
Baltic Literary and Cultural History, 7,5 Hp, an BAL 740: Baltisk Litteratur- Och Kulturhistoria, 7,5 Högskolepoäng, SC
STOCKHOLMS UNIVERSITET Institutionen för slaviska och baltiska språk, finska, nederländska och tyska Avdelningen för baltiska språk Spring term 2019 Course Information and Literature List BAL 740: Baltic Literary and Cultural History, 7,5 hp, AN BAL 740: Baltisk litteratur- och kulturhistoria, 7,5 högskolepoäng, SC Welcome to the course Baltic Literary and Cultural History, 7,5 hp! This handout provides information about course content and structure, as well as a literature list. The last page contains an excerpt from the Swedish Higher Education Act, where you can read about the general learning goals that are relevant for higher education. Course Content and Structure The Course Baltic Literary and Cultural History consists of a detailed review of Baltic history of literature, cultural history and ancient Baltic religions, and an advanced analysis of significant cultural manifestations and major contemporary authors. The course consists of a general obligatory part and an elective part, where the student chooses a specific topic within the field of Baltic history and literature and cultural history in cooperation with the examiner. Learning Outcomes Having completed the course the student has demonstrated an ability to: - Acquire advanced knowledge about Baltic history of literature and cultural history - Formulate a theoretical discussion on the development and conditions pertaining to Baltic history of literature and cultural history Grades and Forms of Examination Grades are given according to a criterion referenced seven-point scale: A-E are passing grades, and Fx-F are failing grades. A student who has received a grade of E or higher may not take the test again in order to get a higher grade.