DOCSLIB.ORG

Design of Tehran Drought Monitoring System

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Design of Tehran Drought Monitoring System ResponsesResponses ofof thethe IranianIranian RegionalRegional WaterWater AuthoritiesAuthorities toto DroughtDrought SaeedSaeed MoridMorid andand DavoodDavood R.R. ArabArab Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Pooya Research Institute, Tehran, Iran Drought is a normal and the frequent feature of Iran climate GreatGreat DaryoushDaryoush asksasks godgod toto savesave IranIran fromfrom threethree threats.threats. TheyThey areare enemies,enemies, lyinglying andand droughts.droughts. 25002500 B.C.B.C. TheThe 19981998--20012001 droughtdrought -The most recent country wide drought happened during 1998-2001, -Rainfall deficits consistently exceeding 60% of the mean annual rainfall. -Storages of its main dams reduced up to 100% of its long term average -18 out of the 28 provinces of the country were affected. -The crops from a rainfed area of 4 million hectares as well as from an irrigated area of 2.7 million hectares were completely destroyed. - The total agricultural and livestock losses by the year 2001 were estimated to be US$ 2.6 billion. Gilan Esfahan Systan&Blaochestan Persian Hormozgan Gulf RegionalRegional waterwater authoritiesauthorities InIn responseresponse toto thisthis droughtdrought spell,spell, thethe regionalregional waterwater authoritiesauthorities ((RWAsRWAs)) implementedimplemented aa numbernumber ofof measuresmeasures toto mitigatemitigate droughtdrought impacts.impacts. However,However, therethere werewere somesome necessarynecessary measuresmeasures thatthat werewere notnot applied,applied, too.too. DocumentationDocumentation andand evaluationevaluation ofof thesethese implementedimplemented actionsactions cancan provideprovide aa catalogcatalog ofof optionsoptions thatthat cancan bebe applicableapplicable forfor futurefuture droughtsdroughts withwith appropriateappropriate modifications.modifications. Gilan Province Rice and tea are the main crops in this province…. Sistan-Baloochestan Province Hormozgan Province Esfahan Province QuestionnaireQuestionnaire For our survey a questionnaire was prepared Tayeb Ameziane, Food and Agriculture Organization Donald Wilhite , National Drought Mitigation Center QuestionnaireQuestionnaire The final version came up with 10 main topics which included more than 100 questions. The topics are as follows: Drought monitoring and early warning systems Policies, mandates and guidelines Exploitation from special and new resources Public awareness, training programs, research and capacity building Compulsory and incentive actions for reducing water consumption Emergency programs Financial issues Legislation and law related issues Institutional framework Drought contingency plans TheThe questionnairequestionnaire waswas sentsent forfor allall ofof thethe RWAsRWAs andand herehere areare ourour FindingsFindings andand RecommendationsRecommendations asas wellwell asas somesome ofof thethe ResearchResearch WorksWorks thatthat werewere performedperformed basedbased onon thesethese recommendationsrecommendations DroughtDrought monitoringmonitoring andand earlyearly warningwarning systemssystems TheThe RWAsRWAs applyapply thethe IranianIranian MeteorologicalMeteorological OrganizationOrganization rainfallrainfall andand temperaturetemperature forecastsforecasts andand forfor riverriver flows,flows, useuse theirtheir ownown stochasticstochastic models.models. TheThe forecastsforecasts areare inin dry,dry, normalnormal andand wetwet categories.categories. DroughtDrought monitoringmonitoring andand earlyearly warningwarning systemssystems DevelopingDeveloping aa nationalnational widewide droughtdrought monitoringmonitoring systemsystem MonitoringMonitoring droughtdrought severityseverity asas wellwell asas droughtdrought impactsimpacts WorkingWorking onon multimulti--indicatorindicator indicesindices MoreMore attentionattention toto midmid--termterm andand longlong--termterm forecastsforecasts ofof rainfallsrainfalls andand riverriver flows,flows, consideringconsidering uncertaintyuncertainty andand riskrisk Policies,Policies, mandates,mandates, guidelinesguidelines OrganizingOrganizing anan emergencyemergency committeecommittee toto conductconduct droughtdrought managementmanagement andand droughtdrought policespolices withinwithin thethe RWAsRWAs PreparationPreparation aa guidelineguideline thatthat indicatedindicated howhow irrigationirrigation depthdepth shouldshould bebe reducedreduced basedbased onon availableavailable water.water. ItIt isis basedbased onon equitableequitable waterwater reductionreduction methodmethod soso calledcalled ““VoneshVonesh”” Policies,Drought-related mandates, mitigation actions guidelinesof the Iranian Policies,regional mandates, water authorities guidelines EstablishEstablish permanentpermanent droughtdrought mitigationmitigation committeecommittee inin thethe RWARWA toto supportsupport thethe provincialprovincial droughtdrought planplan SupportSupport (financially(financially andand technically)technically) ofof thethe MinistryMinistry ofof EnergyEnergy isis requiredrequired forfor achievementachievement ofof longlong termterm droughtdrought plans.plans. Otherwise,Otherwise, thethe RWARWA cancan notnot startstart itit withoutwithout suchsuch supports.supports. TheThe equitableequitable waterwater reductionreduction methodmethod or “Vonesh” waswas appliedapplied inin aa numbernumber ofof thethe RWAsRWAs andand performedperformed well,well, withwith lessless socialsocial tension.tension. But,But, moremore attentionattention areare requiredrequired toto applyapply andand evaluateevaluate optimizationoptimization basedbased methodsmethods toto reducereduce droughtdrought losses.losses. ExploitationExploitation fromfrom specialspecial andand newnew resourcesresources ConstructionConstruction ofof pumpingpumping stationstation toto useuse deaddead storagestorage ofof damsdams DiggingDigging newnew wellswells ConstructionConstruction ofof newnew pipepipe lineslines toto divertdivert waterwater toto villagesvillages ExploitationExploitation fromfrom specialspecial andand newnew resourcesresources ToTo copecope withwith thethe waterwater scarcityscarcity ofof thethe 19991999--20012001 droughts,droughts, itit waswas permittedpermitted toto digdig aa numbernumber ofof wellswells inin thethe criticalcritical plains.plains. UnfortunUnfortunately,ately, somesome ofof thesethese wellswells areare nownow beingbeing exploitedexploited asas usualusual waterwater resourcesresources whilewhile theythey shouldshould bebe keptkept asas emergencyemergency resources.resources. ConstructionConstruction ofof thethe drinkingdrinking waterwater networknetwork ofof SistanSistan andand BalochestanBalochestan villagesvillages isis oneone ofof thethe uniqueunique examplesexamples asas longlong termterm planplan measure.measure. DueDue toto thisthis plan,plan, nono migrationmigration fromfrom villagesvillages areare reportedreported duringduring thethe droughtdrought spell.spell. PublicPublic awareness,awareness, trainingtraining programs,programs, researchresearch andand capacitycapacity buildingbuilding PublicationPublication andand distributiondistribution ofof pamphletspamphlets toto individuals,individuals, businessesbusinesses andand farmersfarmers PresentingPresenting lectureslectures inin schoolsschools andand masquesmasques ofof citiescities andand villagesvillages ProducingProducing specificspecific programsprograms andand showsshows forfor thethe provincialprovincial radioradio andand TVTV networksnetworks SupportSupport fromfrom droughtdrought--relatedrelated researchresearch worksworks inin universitiesuniversities OrganizationOrganization ofof droughtdrought--relatedrelated workshopsworkshops andand conferencesconferences HoldingHolding aa numbernumber ofof tourstours forfor thethe provinceprovince directors,directors, NGONGO representativesrepresentatives andand headmanheadman ofof villagesvillages toto visitvisit waterwater resourcesresources statusstatus (e.g.(e.g. emptyempty dams,dams, drieddried rivers,rivers, etc)etc) PublicPublic awareness,awareness, trainingtraining programs,programs, researchresearch andand capacitycapacity buildingbuilding MoreMore effortsefforts areare neededneeded toto improveimprove publicpublic awarenessawareness toto waterwater crisis.crisis. DuringDuring thethe 19991999--20012001 thethe peoplepeople didn'tdidn't muchmuch suffersuffer fromfrom waterwater shortageshortage andand thisthis waswas donedone byby overdraftingoverdrafting.. "Living"Living withwith drought"drought" shouldshould becomebecome partpart ofof thethe peoplepeople believes.believes. ToTo improveimprove droughtdrought riskrisk managementmanagement ratherrather thanthan crisiscrisis managementmanagement inin thethe RWA,RWA, capacitycapacity buildingbuilding andand specialspecial trainingtraining programsprograms areare recommended.recommended. TheThe droughtdrought relatedrelated researchresearch worksworks duringduring andand afterafter thisthis droughtdrought spellspell areare concentratedconcentrated onon "drought"drought monitoring"monitoring" whilewhile moremore attentionsattentions areare requiredrequired forfor "mitigating"mitigating droughtdrought impacts"impacts" .. EmergencyEmergency programsprograms DistributingDistributing drinkingdrinking waterwater withwith truckstrucks CompiledCompiled listlist ofof locationslocations forfor livestocklivestock andand wildwild animalsanimals wateringwatering BuyingBuying wellswells wherewhere thethe waterwater tablestables areare atat criticalcritical elevationelevation CompulsoryCompulsory
Load more

Recommended publications
  • July 12, 2019
    Iran Sanctions Updated July 12, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RS20871 SUMMARY RS20871 Iran Sanctions July 12, 2019 Successive Administrations have used sanctions extensively to try to change Iran’s behavior. Sanctions have had a substantial effect on Iran’s economy but little, if any, Kenneth Katzman observable effect on Iran’s conventional defense programs or regional malign activities. Specialist in Middle During 2012-2015, when the global community was relatively united in pressuring Iran, Eastern Affairs Iran’s economy shrank as its crude oil exports fell by more than 50%, and Iran had limited ability to utilize its $120 billion in assets held abroad. The 2015 multilateral nuclear accord (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, JCPOA) provided Iran broad relief through the waiving of relevant sanctions, revocation of relevant executive orders (E.O.s), and the lifting of U.N. and EU sanctions. Remaining in place were a general ban on U.S. trade with Iran and U.S. sanctions on Iran’s support for regional governments and armed factions, its human rights abuses, its efforts to acquire missile and advanced conventional weapons capabilities, and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). Under U.N. Security Council Resolution 2231, which enshrined the JCPOA, nonbinding U.N. restrictions on Iran’s development of nuclear-capable ballistic missiles and a binding ban on its importation or exportation of arms remain in place for several years. JCPOA sanctions relief enabled Iran to increase its oil exports to nearly pre-sanctions levels, regain access to foreign exchange reserve funds and reintegrate into the international financial system, achieve about 7% yearly economic growth (2016-17), attract foreign investment, and buy new passenger aircraft.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.EVALUATION of NEW TOWNS CONSTRUCTION in THE
    Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering E-ISSN: 1982-3932 [email protected] Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Zali, Nader; Azadeh, Seyed reza; Ershadi Salman, Taravat EVALUATION OF NEW TOWNS CONSTRUCTION IN THE AROUND OF TEHRAN MEGACITIY Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering, vol. 7, núm. 1, -, 2013, pp. 15-23 Universidade Federal da Paraíba Paraíba, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=283227995003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Zali, Azadeh and Salmani 15 Journal of Urban and Environmental Journal of urban and E Engineering, v.7, n.1, p.15-23 Environmental Engineering J E ISSN 1982-3932 U doi: 10.4090/juee.2013.v7n1.015023 WWW.JOURNAL-UEE.ORG EVALUATION OF NEW TOWNS CONSTRUCTION IN THE AROUND OF TEHRAN MEGACITIY Nader Zali1 , Seyed reza Azadeh2, Taravat Ershadi Salmani3 1Assistant professor, Department of Urban Planning, University of Guilan, Iran 2 M.A Student, Department of Regional Planning, University of Guilan, Iran 3 M.A Student, Department of Regional Planning, University of Guilan, Iran Received 09 May2012; received in revised form 1 June 2012; accepted 20 January 2013 Abstract: Rapid pace of urbanization which has affected third world countries is a by-product of the post-1945 period. In most developing countries like Iran, spatial population distribution is not balanced, leading to the deficiencies in services, hygiene, formation of slums, and etc.
    [Show full text]
  • IRAN COUNTRY of ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service
    IRAN COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service Date 28 June 2011 IRAN JUNE 2011 Contents Preface Latest News EVENTS IN IRAN FROM 14 MAY TO 21 JUNE Useful news sources for further information REPORTS ON IRAN PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED BETWEEN 14 MAY AND 21 JUNE Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 1.01 Maps ...................................................................................................................... 1.04 Iran ..................................................................................................................... 1.04 Tehran ................................................................................................................ 1.05 Calendar ................................................................................................................ 1.06 Public holidays ................................................................................................... 1.07 2. ECONOMY ................................................................................................................ 2.01 3. HISTORY .................................................................................................................. 3.01 Pre 1979: Rule of the Shah .................................................................................. 3.01 From 1979 to 1999: Islamic Revolution to first local government elections ... 3.04 From 2000 to 2008: Parliamentary elections
    [Show full text]
  • Landslide Zonation in Fasham Area of Tehran Province (Iran) Abstract Introduction
    LANDSLIDE ZONATION IN FASHAM AREA OF TEHRAN PROVINCE (IRAN) Shadi Khoshdoni Farahani, Assoc.Prof.Dr.Md Nor Kamarudin, Dr. Mojgan Zarei Nejad Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81300 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia Email: [email protected] Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81300 Skudai, Johor , Malaysia Email: [email protected] GIS Center, Solvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Lund University, Sweden Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Tehran province which encircles the capital of the Islamic Republic of Iran is highly momentous from the politico- socio-economic-cultural aspects. This significance has instigated the implementation of the geological, geographical and climatological studies in this state in a comprehensive and precise manner. Fasham district in the north eastern part of Tehran province which is a geologically and geographically area has been opted out in this research for semi- detailed studies. the case studied in this research is the landslide in Fasham area. Iran is one of the highly landslide prone countries due to its particular geological, topographical and climatological conditions. Heavy financial lost are reported each year due to the landslide occurrence. The transpiration of these landslides occasionally brings about other death tolls and financial lost originating from earthquakes. Some of the factors affecting this phenomenon are as follows: the alteration of the slope amplitude, geotechnical and litho logical circumstances, earthquake and trembling, tectonics motions, structural alterations, pluvial effects and snow thawing, the extermination of the vegetation, land utilization alteration. The zone under studied is prone to landslide due to various reasons such as possessing special geological conditions and special geographical position.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Modern Politicization of the Persian Poet Nezami Ganjavi
    Official Digitized Version by Victoria Arakelova; with errata fixed from the print edition ON THE MODERN POLITICIZATION OF THE PERSIAN POET NEZAMI GANJAVI YEREVAN SERIES FOR ORIENTAL STUDIES Edited by Garnik S. Asatrian Vol.1 SIAVASH LORNEJAD ALI DOOSTZADEH ON THE MODERN POLITICIZATION OF THE PERSIAN POET NEZAMI GANJAVI Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies Yerevan 2012 Siavash Lornejad, Ali Doostzadeh On the Modern Politicization of the Persian Poet Nezami Ganjavi Guest Editor of the Volume Victoria Arakelova The monograph examines several anachronisms, misinterpretations and outright distortions related to the great Persian poet Nezami Ganjavi, that have been introduced since the USSR campaign for Nezami‖s 800th anniversary in the 1930s and 1940s. The authors of the monograph provide a critical analysis of both the arguments and terms put forward primarily by Soviet Oriental school, and those introduced in modern nationalistic writings, which misrepresent the background and cultural heritage of Nezami. Outright forgeries, including those about an alleged Turkish Divan by Nezami Ganjavi and falsified verses first published in Azerbaijan SSR, which have found their way into Persian publications, are also in the focus of the authors‖ attention. An important contribution of the book is that it highlights three rare and previously neglected historical sources with regards to the population of Arran and Azerbaijan, which provide information on the social conditions and ethnography of the urban Iranian Muslim population of the area and are indispensable for serious study of the Persian literature and Iranian culture of the period. ISBN 978-99930-69-74-4 The first print of the book was published by the Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies in 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter Spring 2007 Final.Indd
    CENTER FOR IRANIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER Vol. 19, No. 1 SIPA-Columbia University-New York Spring 2007 ENCYCLOPÆDIA IRANICA GALA BENEFIT FASCICLE 1 OF VOLUME XIV PUBLISHED DINNER EW ORK ITY Fascicle 1 of Volume XIV features ISLAMIC History; v. LOCAL HISTORIOG- N Y C the remaining sections of the entry RAPHY; vi. MEDIEVAL PERIOD; vii. THE MAY 5, 2007 ISFAHAN, a series of 22 articles that SAFAVID PERIOD; VIII. THE QAJAR began in Fascicle 6 of Volume XIII. PERIOD; ix. THE PAHLAVI PERIOD The city of Isfahan has served as one AND POST-REVOLUTION ERA; x. of the most important urban centers MONUMENTS; xi. ISFAHAN SCHOOL on the Iranian plateau since ancient OF PAINTING AND CALLIGRAPHY; xii. times and has gained, over centuries BAZAAR, PLAN AND FUNCTION; xiii. of urbanization, many significant monu- CRAFTS; xiv. MODERN ECONOMY AND IN- ments. Isfahan is home to a number of DUSTRIES; xv. EDUCATION AND CULTURAL monuments that have been designated AFFAIRS; xvi. ISFAHAN IN THE MIRROR OF by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. It FOLKLORE AND LEGEND; xvii. ARMENIAN is Persiaʼs third largest city, after Tehran COMMUNITY (referred to JULFA); xviii. and Mashad, with a population of over JEWISH COMMUNITY; xix. JEWISH DIA- 1.4 million in 2004. LECTS; xx. GEOGRAPHY OF THE MEDIAN The series explores the following DIALECTS; xxi. PROVINCIAL DIALECTS; Dr. Maryam Safai topics: i. GEOGRAPHY; ii. HISTORICAL XXII. GAZI DIALECT. GEOGRAPHY; iii. POPULATION; iv. PRE- Continued on page 2 The Gala Benefit Dinner for the Encyclopædia Iranica will be held in the Rotunda of Columbia University MAJOR DONORS TO THE on May 5, 2007 from 6:30 PM to 1:30 AM.
    [Show full text]
  • Mozhgan Raoufrahimi
    PERSONAL INFORMATION Mozhgan raoufrahimi 00989194467022 [email protected] Sex Femail | Date of birth 03/09/1980 | Nationality Iranian WORK EXPERIENCE (2015) Head of research, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Parand branch www.piau.ac.ir (from 2006 – till now) Faculty member of Islamic Azad University, Parand branch. www.piau.ac.ir (from 2009 – to 2011) Managing director of architectural department of Parand University. Planning of architectural department’s schedule (from 2004 – to 2006) Cooperated with the Executive Manager Housing and Urban Development, Tehran Province- Ministry of Housing and Urban Development. Designer and supervision of government’s construction projects. DUCATION AND TRAINING (from 1998 – to 2004) MA in Architecture Islamic Azad University, Tehran Central branch. Tehran. Iran ▪ List of principal subjects covered or skills acquired ▪ - Urban intervention in context ▪ - Principle of urban design ▪ - Urban design ▪ - Architectural theory ▪ - Campus design ▪ - Technical design ▪ - Residential design ▪ - Educational design ▪ - Cultural design ▪ - Photography ▪ - Computers skills ▪ - History of art ▪ - History of contemporary architecture ▪ - Static PERSONAL SKILLS MOTHER TONGUE Persian Other languages UNDERSTANDING SPEAKING WRITING Listening Reading Spoken interaction Spoken production English Proficient user Proficient user Proficient user Proficient user Proficient user Arabic Proficient user Proficient user Independent user Independent user Independent user French Basic user Basic user Basic
    [Show full text]
  • See the Document
    IN THE NAME OF GOD IRAN NAMA RAILWAY TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN List of Content Preamble ....................................................................... 6 History ............................................................................. 7 Tehran Station ................................................................ 8 Tehran - Mashhad Route .............................................. 12 IRAN NRAILWAYAMA TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN Tehran - Jolfa Route ..................................................... 32 Collection and Edition: Public Relations (RAI) Tourism Content Collection: Abdollah Abbaszadeh Design and Graphics: Reza Hozzar Moghaddam Photos: Siamak Iman Pour, Benyamin Tehran - Bandarabbas Route 48 Khodadadi, Hatef Homaei, Saeed Mahmoodi Aznaveh, javad Najaf ...................................... Alizadeh, Caspian Makak, Ocean Zakarian, Davood Vakilzadeh, Arash Simaei, Abbas Jafari, Mohammadreza Baharnaz, Homayoun Amir yeganeh, Kianush Jafari Producer: Public Relations (RAI) Tehran - Goragn Route 64 Translation: Seyed Ebrahim Fazli Zenooz - ................................................ International Affairs Bureau (RAI) Address: Public Relations, Central Building of Railways, Africa Blvd., Argentina Sq., Tehran- Iran. www.rai.ir Tehran - Shiraz Route................................................... 80 First Edition January 2016 All rights reserved. Tehran - Khorramshahr Route .................................... 96 Tehran - Kerman Route .............................................114 Islamic Republic of Iran The Railways
    [Show full text]
  • Migrations and Social Mobility in Greater Tehran: from Ethnic Coexistence to Political Divisions?
    Migrations and social mobility in greater Tehran : from ethnic coexistence to political divisions? Bernard Hourcade To cite this version: Bernard Hourcade. Migrations and social mobility in greater Tehran : from ethnic coexistence to political divisions?. KUROKI Hidemitsu. Human mobility and multi-ethnic coexistence in Middle Eastern Urban societies1. Tehran Aleppo, Istanbul and Beirut. , 102, Research Institute for languages and cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Languages, pp.27-40, 2015, Studia Culturae Islamicae, 978-4-86337-200-9. hal-01242641 HAL Id: hal-01242641 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01242641 Submitted on 13 Dec 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Bernard Hourcade is specializing in geography of Iran and Research Director Emeritus of Le Centre national de la recherche scientifique. His publication includes L'Iran au 20e siècle : entre nationalisme, islam et mondialisation (Paris: Fayard, 2007). Aïda Kanafani-Zahar is specializing in Anthropology and Research Fellow of Le Centre national de la recherche scientifique, affiliating to Collège de France. Her publication includes Liban: le vivre ensemble. Hsoun, 1994-2000 (Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner, 2004). Stefan Knost is specializing in Ottoman history of Syria and Acting Professor of Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg.
    [Show full text]
  • Measurement of 137Cs in Soils of Tehran Province
    Iran. J. Radiat. Res., 2009; 7 (3): 141-149 Measurement of 137Cs in soils of Tehran province A. Osouli, F. Abbasi*, M. Naseri Radiation Application Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Background: An amount of artificial radionuclide destructive effects (2). has been released into the environment as fallout, Deposition of radioactive fallout includ- resulting from atmospheric nuclear weapon tests, ing 137Cs at any site is related to factors nuclear accidents such as Chernobyl and together such as, latitude, precipitation and local to- with air currents have polluted the world. Materials 137 and Methods: 37 surface soil samples of Tehran pography. Cs is strongly absorbed and province were collected in the period between June retained by soil particles and it can enter and September 2008, by implementing methods and into the diet of human beings, and other standard instruments. The concentration of the leaving creatures. Maintaining 137Cs in artificial radionuclides (137Cs) in the soils of Tehran surface layers of clay soil is considerable (3, province were determined by gamma spectroscopy 4). Therefore, the access to distribution of (HPGe), and the data were analyzed both quantita- 137 tively and qualitatively. The results have been Cs in Tehran province soils has been the compared with other radioactivity measurements. main objective of this research. Results: The concentration of 137Cs found in top soils In this study, points of sampling were (0-5 cm), in the depth of (12.5-17.5 cm) and in the chosen by VSP (Visual Sample Plan) soft- depth of (27.5- 32.5 cm), ranged from 0.29-28.82 ware, GPS (Global Positioning System) and Bq.kg-1, 0.3-19.81 Bq.kg-1, 0.8-7.43 Bq.kg-1, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Second-Generation Afghans in Iran: Integration, Identity and Return
    Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit Case Study Series Second-generation Afghans in Iran: Integration, Identity and Return Mohammad Jalal Abbasi-Shavazi Diana Glazebrook Gholamreza Jamshidiha Hossein Mahmoudian Rasoul Sadeghi April 2008 Funding for this research was provided by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the European Commission (EC) i AREU Case Study Series © 2008 Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the publisher, the Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit. Permission can be obtained by emailing [email protected] or calling +93 799 608548. ii Second-generation Afghans in Iran: Integration, Identity and Return About the Research Team (in alphabetical order) The research team members for the Second-generation study conducted in 2006-7 also carried out the Transnational Networks study in Iran in 2005-6. Both of these studies were commissioned by the Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit. Mohammad Jalal Abbasi-Shavazi is an Associate Professor in the Department of Demography of the University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, and Adjunct Professor, Australian Demographic and Social Research Institute, Australian National University. Abbasi- Shavazi’s PhD study focused on immigrant fertility in Australia. He has conducted several studies on Iranian fertility transition as well as the Afghan refugees in Iran, and has published extensively on these subjects. He directed the project on Transnational Networks among Afghans in Iran in 2005, and prepared a country report on the situation of International Migrants and Refugees in the Iran in 2007.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Viability and Potential for Developing Tourism Industry in Lavasan City Using the IUCN Model
    International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 2011, 2(3):373-376 192 Assessing the Viability and Potential for Developing Tourism Industry in Lavasan City using the IUCN Model Elnaz Askarpour1, Farideh Asadian2 and Zahra Arzjani3* 1Geography and Tourism Planning, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran 2Department of Geography, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Poonack, Hesarack, Tehran, Iran 3Faculty of Geography, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Article History Abstract Manuscript No. 192 Rapid urbanization and geographical patterns in recent decades have encouraged tour- Received in 15th August, 2011 ism as one of the biggest industry and the most important goal for many countries. Due Received in revised form 30th August, 2011 to this reason in recent years, tourism and recreational places have been considered Accepted in final form th5 September, 2011 enough importance. In this discussion, the potentiality of Lavasan city has been con- sidered in developing tourism industry. The aim of this investigation includes studying and describing the potential and some eco-tourism options to develop eco-tourism and Correspondence to geo-tourism in Lavasan. GIS and standards of International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) were used for evaluation followed by short analysis. *E-mail: [email protected] Keywords Natural potential, tourism, IUCN, Lavasan city, Iran 1. Introduction scope of eco-tourism in Lavasan city. 2. Materials and Methods One of the necessities for sustainable devolvement is that the natural resources to be protected as human heritage which 2.1. Study area in addition to responding needs of this generation can meet Tehran province includes 12 cities.
    [Show full text]