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Programa De Manejo Del Parque Nacional Arrecife De Puerto Morelos

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Programa De Manejo Del Parque Nacional Arrecife De Puerto Morelos PROGRAMADEMANEJO DELPARQUENACIONAL ARRECIFEDE PUERTOMORELOS MÉXICO Programa de Manejo del Parque Nacional Arrecife de Puerto Morelos Julia Carabias Lillo Secretaria de Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Pesca Enrique Provencio Presidente del Instituto Nacional de Ecología Javier de la Maza Elvira Jefe de la Unidad Coordinadora de Áreas Naturales Protegidas David Gutiérrez Carbonell Director General Adjunto de Conservación y Manejo de Áreas Naturales Protegidas Mario Gómez Cruz Director General Adjunto de Planeación y Promoción de Áreas Naturales Protegidas Fotografías: Claudio Contreras Koob, Eric Jordan Dahlgren y Juan Carlos Huitrón © 1a edición: mayo de 2000 Instituto Nacional de Ecología Av. Revolución 1425, Col. Tlacopac, México, D.F. El cuidado de esta edición estuvo a cargo de la Dirección de Publicaciones de la Dirección Ejecutiva de Participación Social, Enlace y Comunicación, INE. Impreso y hecho en México 2 Instituto Nacional de Ecología PROGRAMADEMANEJO DELPARQUENACIONAL ARRECIFEDE PUERTOMORELOS MÉXICO INSTITUTONACIONALDEECOLOGÍA COMUNIDADDEPUERTOMORELOS,QUINTANAROO 3 Programa de Manejo del Parque Nacional Arrecife de Puerto Morelos 4 Instituto Nacional de Ecología Presentación El Decreto del Parque Nacional Arrecife de Puerto Morelos y la integración y publica- ción del presente Programa de Manejo, son dos grandes logros que agradecemos a la Comunidad de Puerto Morelos, comprometida con la conservación y uso racional de su patrimonio natural, con los espacios naturales de los que depende su recreación y esparcimiento, con los ambientes marinos en los cuales se realizan investigaciones, así como de los recursos naturales de los que dependen sus principales actividades econó- micas. Este compromiso nos brinda la confianza de que se cumplirán cabalmente la con- servación y preservación de la diversidad de especies y ecosistemas presentes en el 5 Programa de Manejo del Parque Nacional Arrecife de Puerto Morelos Parque, salvaguardando el germoplasma, mediante formas de aprovechamiento basa- das en conocimientos científicos, que aseguren la sustentabilidad de los recursos na- turales, al mismo tiempo que se protege la permanencia física, cultural, social y económica de la comunidad al conservarse las formaciones arrecifales, que represen- tan su más valioso patrimonio. Por estas razones, es altamente grato para el Instituto Nacional Ecología, poder presentar estas intenciones sistematizadas en el Programa de Manejo del Parque Na- cional Arrecife de Puerto Morelos que, además de constituir un instrumento de planea- ción estratégica, con un marco normativo para alcanzar los objetivos de protección, conservación y aprovechamiento sustentable de sus recursos que el decreto prevé para el área, representa el resultado de un invaluable y exhaustivo proceso de consulta y consenso entre los diferentes actores involucrados en el Parque Nacional y principal- mente con la Comunidad de Puerto Morelos. Este proceso da muestra de un compromiso cada vez mayor de la sociedad en su conjunto hacia la protección de nuestros valores ambientales, que seguramente redun- dará en un eficiente manejo de esta Área Natural Protegida. 6 Instituto Nacional de Ecología Contenido 1. Introducción ........................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Antecedentes ................................................................................................................. 13 1.2 Justificación ................................................................................................................... 14 1.2.1. Relevancia ecológica ........................................................................................ 14 1.2.2. Relevancia científica ......................................................................................... 15 1.2.3. Relevancia educativa y recreativa .................................................................... 15 1.2.4. Relevancia económica ...................................................................................... 15 2. Objetivos del Parque Nacional Arrecife de Puerto Morelos ................................................. 17 3. Descripción del área.............................................................................................................. 19 3.1 Ubicación geográfica ..................................................................................................... 19 3.2 Características físicas ................................................................................................... 21 Fisiografía .................................................................................................................... 21 Hidrología .................................................................................................................... 21 Climatología ................................................................................................................ 21 Precipitación ................................................................................................................ 21 Humedad relativa ........................................................................................................ 22 Evaporación ................................................................................................................ 22 Masas de aire .............................................................................................................. 22 Tormentas tropicales y huracanes .............................................................................. 22 Ambientes marinos. Oceanografía ............................................................................. 24 7 Programa de Manejo del Parque Nacional Arrecife de Puerto Morelos 3.3 Características biológicas ............................................................................................. 28 Vegetación marina ...................................................................................................... 28 Fauna marina .............................................................................................................. 29 Ambientes terrestres del Parque Nacional ................................................................. 32 Ambientes en la Zona de Influencia ........................................................................... 36 3.4. Contexto histórico y cultural ......................................................................................... 37 3.5. Contexto socioeconómico ............................................................................................ 41 3.5.1. Población .......................................................................................................... 42 3.5.2. Servicios en Puerto Morelos ............................................................................. 44 3.5.3. Tenencia de la tierra en la comunidad de Puerto Morelos ............................... 47 3.5.4. Actividades productivas y comerciales ............................................................. 48 4. Diagnóstico y problemática ...................................................................................................61 4.1. Eventos naturales ......................................................................................................... 61 Tormentas y huracanes ............................................................................................... 61 Enfermedades ............................................................................................................. 63 Diadema y sobrecrecimientos algales ........................................................................ 63 Mortalidad de corales por causas diversas ................................................................ 63 Blanqueamiento .......................................................................................................... 63 4.2. Actividades humanas ................................................................................................... 64 Ambientes costeros terrestres .................................................................................... 64 4.3. Diagnóstico comunitario de los impactos y riesgos que pueden afectar al Parque Nacional ...................................................................... 65 4.3.1. Impactos ............................................................................................................ 65 4.3.2. Riesgos ............................................................................................................. 68 5. Objetivos del Programa de Manejo....................................................................................... 69 Objetivo general .................................................................................................................. 69 Objetivos particulares ..........................................................................................................70 Estrategias ........................................................................................................................... 70 6. Componentes del Programa de Manejo ............................................................................... 71 6.1. Componente Formación Ambiental .............................................................................. 73 Objetivo .......................................................................................................................73 Estrategia ...................................................................................................................
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