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The GNOME Census: Who Writes GNOME?
The GNOME Census: Who writes GNOME? Dave Neary & Vanessa David, Neary Consulting © Neary Consulting 2010: Some rights reserved Table of Contents Introduction.........................................................................................3 What is GNOME?.............................................................................3 Project governance...........................................................................3 Why survey GNOME?.......................................................................4 Scope and methodology...................................................................5 Tools and Observations on Data Quality..........................................7 Results and analysis...........................................................................10 GNOME Project size.......................................................................10 The Long Tail..................................................................................11 Effects of commercialisation..........................................................14 Who does the work?.......................................................................15 Who maintains GNOME?................................................................17 Conclusions........................................................................................22 References.........................................................................................24 Appendix 1: Modules included in survey...........................................25 2 Introduction What -
State of Linux Audio in 2009 Linux Plumbers Conference 2009
State of Linux Audio in 2009 Linux Plumbers Conference 2009 Lennart Poettering [email protected] September 2009 Lennart Poettering State of Linux Audio in 2009 Who Am I? Software Engineer at Red Hat, Inc. Developer of PulseAudio, Avahi and a few other Free Software projects http://0pointer.de/lennart/ [email protected] IRC: mezcalero Lennart Poettering State of Linux Audio in 2009 Perspective Lennart Poettering State of Linux Audio in 2009 So, what happened since last LPC? Lennart Poettering State of Linux Audio in 2009 RIP: EsounD is officially gone. Lennart Poettering State of Linux Audio in 2009 (at least on Fedora) RIP: OSS is officially gone. Lennart Poettering State of Linux Audio in 2009 RIP: OSS is officially gone. (at least on Fedora) Lennart Poettering State of Linux Audio in 2009 Audio API Guide http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/guide-to-sound-apis Lennart Poettering State of Linux Audio in 2009 We also make use of high-resolution timers on the desktop by default. We now use realtime scheduling on the desktop by default. Lennart Poettering State of Linux Audio in 2009 We now use realtime scheduling on the desktop by default. We also make use of high-resolution timers on the desktop by default. Lennart Poettering State of Linux Audio in 2009 2s Buffers Lennart Poettering State of Linux Audio in 2009 Mixer abstraction? Due to user-friendliness, i18n, meta data (icons, ...) We moved a couple of things into the audio server: Timer-based audio scheduling; mixing; flat volume/volume range and granularity extension; integration of volume sliders; mixer abstraction; monitoring Lennart Poettering State of Linux Audio in 2009 We moved a couple of things into the audio server: Timer-based audio scheduling; mixing; flat volume/volume range and granularity extension; integration of volume sliders; mixer abstraction; monitoring Mixer abstraction? Due to user-friendliness, i18n, meta data (icons, ...) Lennart Poettering State of Linux Audio in 2009 udev integration: meta data, by-path/by-id/.. -
Developer Conference 2012 Schedule
Developer Conference 2012 Schedule Friday D1 D2 D3 Vlastimil Eliáš Jakub Hrozek, Jan Zeleny František Řezníček Centralized Identity Management 9:00 - 9:45 FreeIPA/SSSD + Intro to MIT Kerberos [Security] Towards Unified Messaging [CoreOS] And SSO for jboss.org Community Systems [JBoss] Alexander Bokovoy, Andreas Schneider Kamil Dudka, Ondřej Vašík Christian Sadilek 9:50 - 10:35 Cross-realm Trusts in FreeIPA v3.0 [Security] Common C/C++ Error Patterns & Static Analysis [CoreOS] JBoss Errai Framework [JBoss] Eduard Beneš, Miroslav Grepl Adam Tkáč Martin Kouba 10:40 - 11:25 SELinux News in Fedora 16 [Security] DNSSEC in Fedora 17 [CoreOS] CDI for Seam2 [JBoss] Dmitri Pal Marcela Maslanova, Jindrich Novy Peter Skopek 11:30 - 12:15 Identity Management Roadmap + MIT and Kerberos [Security] Dynamic Software Collections [CoreOS] PicketBox in AS7 [JBoss] Quick break Peter Vrabec Bryn Reeves Karel Piwko 12:30 - 13:15 Security Compliance Check in Fedora [Security] Supporting the Open Source Enterprise [Misc] Arquillian Drone Helping Ike Get Rid of the Bugs [JBoss] Jan Hutar Miloslav Trmac Software Robot Competition Around the World and Our Way Pavol Pitoňák 13:20 - 14:05 Concise Overview of Security [Security] [Misc, CZ] RichFaces: Testing on Mobile Devices [JBoss] Steve Grubb Stanislav Kozina Geoffrey De Smet 14:10 - 14:55 Government Security [Security] What Can Linux Learn from the Others [Misc] What Are Drools, Guvnor and Planner? [JBoss] Lennart Poettering, Kay Sievers Phil Knirsch Pavel Tisnovsky 15:00 - 15:45 Do's and Don'ts when Writing System -
Beyond Init: Systemd Linux Plumbers Conference 2010
Beyond Init: systemd Linux Plumbers Conference 2010 Kay Sievers Lennart Poettering November 2010 Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering Beyond Init: systemd Triggers: Boot, Socket, Bus, Device, Path, Timers, More Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering Beyond Init: systemd Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering Beyond Init: systemd Substantial coverage of basic OS boot-up tasks, including fsck, mount, quota, hwclock, readahead, tmpfiles, random-seed, console, static module loading, early syslog, plymouth, shutdown, kexec, SELinux, initrd+initrd-less boots. Status: almost made Fedora 14. Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering Beyond Init: systemd including fsck, mount, quota, hwclock, readahead, tmpfiles, random-seed, console, static module loading, early syslog, plymouth, shutdown, kexec, SELinux, initrd+initrd-less boots. Status: almost made Fedora 14. Substantial coverage of basic OS boot-up tasks, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering Beyond Init: systemd mount, quota, hwclock, readahead, tmpfiles, random-seed, console, static module loading, early syslog, plymouth, shutdown, kexec, SELinux, initrd+initrd-less boots. Status: almost made Fedora 14. Substantial coverage of basic OS boot-up tasks, including fsck, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering Beyond Init: systemd quota, hwclock, readahead, tmpfiles, random-seed, console, static module loading, early syslog, plymouth, shutdown, kexec, SELinux, initrd+initrd-less boots. Status: almost made Fedora 14. Substantial coverage of basic OS boot-up tasks, including fsck, mount, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering Beyond Init: systemd hwclock, readahead, tmpfiles, random-seed, console, static module loading, early syslog, plymouth, shutdown, kexec, SELinux, initrd+initrd-less boots. Status: almost made Fedora 14. Substantial coverage of basic OS boot-up tasks, including fsck, mount, quota, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering Beyond Init: systemd readahead, tmpfiles, random-seed, console, static module loading, early syslog, plymouth, shutdown, kexec, SELinux, initrd+initrd-less boots. -
Beyond Init: Systemd Linux.Conf.Au 2011
Beyond Init: systemd linux.conf.au 2011 Lennart Poettering January 2011 Lennart Poettering Beyond Init: systemd compatible with SysV and LSB init scripts. systemd provides aggressive parallelization capabilities, uses socket and D-Bus activation for starting services, offers on-demand starting of daemons, keeps track of processes using Linux cgroups, supports snapshotting and restoring of the system state, maintains mount and automount points and implements an elaborate transactional dependency-based service control logic. It can work as a drop-in replacement for sysvinit." \systemd is a system and session manager for Linux, Lennart Poettering Beyond Init: systemd systemd provides aggressive parallelization capabilities, uses socket and D-Bus activation for starting services, offers on-demand starting of daemons, keeps track of processes using Linux cgroups, supports snapshotting and restoring of the system state, maintains mount and automount points and implements an elaborate transactional dependency-based service control logic. It can work as a drop-in replacement for sysvinit." \systemd is a system and session manager for Linux, compatible with SysV and LSB init scripts. Lennart Poettering Beyond Init: systemd uses socket and D-Bus activation for starting services, offers on-demand starting of daemons, keeps track of processes using Linux cgroups, supports snapshotting and restoring of the system state, maintains mount and automount points and implements an elaborate transactional dependency-based service control logic. It can work as a drop-in replacement for sysvinit." \systemd is a system and session manager for Linux, compatible with SysV and LSB init scripts. systemd provides aggressive parallelization capabilities, Lennart Poettering Beyond Init: systemd offers on-demand starting of daemons, keeps track of processes using Linux cgroups, supports snapshotting and restoring of the system state, maintains mount and automount points and implements an elaborate transactional dependency-based service control logic. -
The Pulseaudio Sound Server Linux.Conf.Au 2007
Introduction What is PulseAudio? Usage Internals Recipes Outlook The PulseAudio Sound Server linux.conf.au 2007 Lennart Poettering [email protected] Universit¨atHamburg, Department Informatik University of Hamburg, Department of Informatics Hamburg, Germany January 17th, 2007 Lennart Poettering The PulseAudio Sound Server 2 What is PulseAudio? 3 Usage 4 Internals 5 Recipes 6 Outlook Introduction What is PulseAudio? Usage Internals Recipes Outlook Contents 1 Introduction Lennart Poettering The PulseAudio Sound Server 3 Usage 4 Internals 5 Recipes 6 Outlook Introduction What is PulseAudio? Usage Internals Recipes Outlook Contents 1 Introduction 2 What is PulseAudio? Lennart Poettering The PulseAudio Sound Server 4 Internals 5 Recipes 6 Outlook Introduction What is PulseAudio? Usage Internals Recipes Outlook Contents 1 Introduction 2 What is PulseAudio? 3 Usage Lennart Poettering The PulseAudio Sound Server 5 Recipes 6 Outlook Introduction What is PulseAudio? Usage Internals Recipes Outlook Contents 1 Introduction 2 What is PulseAudio? 3 Usage 4 Internals Lennart Poettering The PulseAudio Sound Server 6 Outlook Introduction What is PulseAudio? Usage Internals Recipes Outlook Contents 1 Introduction 2 What is PulseAudio? 3 Usage 4 Internals 5 Recipes Lennart Poettering The PulseAudio Sound Server Introduction What is PulseAudio? Usage Internals Recipes Outlook Contents 1 Introduction 2 What is PulseAudio? 3 Usage 4 Internals 5 Recipes 6 Outlook Lennart Poettering The PulseAudio Sound Server Introduction What is PulseAudio? Usage Internals Recipes Outlook Who Am I? Student (Computer Science) from Hamburg, Germany Core Developer of PulseAudio, Avahi and a few other Free Software projects http://0pointer.de/lennart/ [email protected] IRC: mezcalero Lennart Poettering The PulseAudio Sound Server Introduction What is PulseAudio? Usage Internals Recipes Outlook Introduction Lennart Poettering The PulseAudio Sound Server It’s a mess! There are just too many widely adopted but competing and incompatible sound systems. -
Tuning Systemd for Embedded
Tuning systemd for Embedded Alison Chaiken [email protected] Mar. 23, 2015 Latest version: http://she-devel.com/ELC_systemd.pdf Auxiliary files: http://she-devel.com/ELC_auxiliary.tar.bz2 Text in blue is hyperlinked. ? ? ? ? Quiz: what is the most widely used Linux init system? ? ? ? ? phenomenom.” -- Gary Hamel “ Show Action Linux itself.” -- is Linux GKH, Linux “ Valley Silicon Gates,-- Bill industry.” the technology in position “ Success self-correcting Success is a hurt Thethatever thing can only has a guaranteed No one Linux needs to keepinnovating Pirates Pirates of Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fire-lite-bg- 10.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Fire-lite-bg-10.jpg Philosophy of systemd Extract duplicate functionality from daemons and move it to systemd core or kernel. Replace /etc scripts with declarative config files. Expose newer kernel APIs to userspace via a simple interface. systemd is: ● modular; ● asynchronous and concurrent; ● described by declarative sets of properties; ● bundled with analysis tools and tests; ● features a fully language-agnostic API. One daemon to rule them all xinetd: a daemon to lazily launch internet services when activity is detected on an AF_INET socket systemd: a daemon to lazily launch any system service when activity is detected on an AF_UNIX socket (oversimplification) Complexity arising from many similar small units init.d scripts systemd units ● Unit's action and parameters: ExecStart= ● Dependencies: Before=, After=, Requires=, Conflicts= and Wants=. ● Default dependencies: – Requires= and After= on basic.target; – Conflicts= and Before= on shutdown.target. ● Types of unit files: service, socket, device, mount, scope, slice, automount, swap, target, path, timer, snapshot sysVinit runlevels ≈ systemd targets ● Targets are synchronization points. -
Resource Management with Systemd Linuxcon North America 2013
Resource Management with systemd LinuxCon North America 2013 Lennart Poettering September 2013 Lennart Poettering Resource Management with systemd Resource Management? Lennart Poettering Resource Management with systemd On embedded: limited resources, lots of things to run On servers: a lot of resources, maximization of density Underlying technology for systemd: Linux kernel control groups Distributing available CPU, IO, and memory resources between services/applications Lennart Poettering Resource Management with systemd On servers: a lot of resources, maximization of density Underlying technology for systemd: Linux kernel control groups Distributing available CPU, IO, and memory resources between services/applications On embedded: limited resources, lots of things to run Lennart Poettering Resource Management with systemd Underlying technology for systemd: Linux kernel control groups Distributing available CPU, IO, and memory resources between services/applications On embedded: limited resources, lots of things to run On servers: a lot of resources, maximization of density Lennart Poettering Resource Management with systemd Distributing available CPU, IO, and memory resources between services/applications On embedded: limited resources, lots of things to run On servers: a lot of resources, maximization of density Underlying technology for systemd: Linux kernel control groups Lennart Poettering Resource Management with systemd First used by systemd merely for grouping processes Original purpose from the kernel side though: resource management -
THE YEAR of LINUX 2015 the YEAR of LINUX This Year Is Set to Be the Best Ever for Linux – and That’S Not Just Our Opinion
2015: THE YEAR OF LINUX 2015 THE YEAR OF LINUX This year is set to be the best ever for Linux – and that’s not just our opinion. Some of the biggest players in Free Software think so too… here’s a long-running joke in the Linux world, market where Linux dominates thanks to Android – that the next year will be the year of “Linux on and the server space became even bigger thanks to Tthe desktop”. At first it was a serious “cloud” computing, software/platform/infrastructure proposition: back in the early 2000s, it looked like the as a service, and the growth of web apps. operating system was poised to take a significant So Linux is, today, by far the most prevalent and chunk of desktop marketshare. Microsoft was important operating system in the world. It’s a long struggling with major security problems in Windows, way from being on every home desktop PC, but the Apple’s Mac OS X had barely gotten off the ground, next 12 months have plenty in store, and so for our and there was clearly room for something better. first issue of the year we want to look ahead at the So why didn’t Linux dive in and win millions of goodies to come. But we don’t just want to wax users? Well, it did, just in another way. Microsoft lyrical about our favourite projects here; we also want started to take security more seriously, and OS to hear from some of the biggest names in Linux X emerged as a shiny Unix-like OS that appealed and Free Software about what they’re most looking to many geeks. -
The Tragedy of Systemd
The Tragedy of systemd [email protected] @jeamland The Tragedy of systemd [email protected] @jeamland Aurynn Shaw, “Contempt Culture” http://blog.aurynn.com/2015/12/16-contempt-culture Change The Ancestry of systemd UNIX Seventh Edition Unix (1979) … housekeeping functions like… mounting filesystems, and starting “ daemons. - init(8) manual page, Seventh Edition Unix PDP-11/70, Seventh Edition Unix VAX-11/730, 4.3BSD Living Computers Museum+Labs https://livingcomputers.org Then things changed Service … housekeeping functions like… mounting filesystems, and starting “ daemons. - init(8) manual page, Seventh Edition Unix System Configuration System Configuration Service Bootstrap Automated Service Management The Idea of systemd launchd The Idea of launchd From launchd to systemd Lennart Poettering, “Rethinking PID 1” http://0pointer.net/blog/projects/systemd.html For a fast and efficient boot-up two things are crucial: “ ➤ To start less. ➤ And to start more in parallel. -Lennart Poettering, “Rethinking PID 1” An init system that is responsible for maintaining services needs to listen to “ hardware and software changes. -Lennart Poettering, “Rethinking PID 1” [I]s this kind of logic new? No, it certainly is not. The most prominent “ system that works like this is Apple's launchd system… -Lennart Poettering, “Rethinking PID 1” System Management Userspace Kernel Userspace System Kernel The Reality of systemd Adoption Fedora 15 May, 2011 openSUSE 12.2 September, 2012 CentOS 7.14.04 April, 2014 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 June, 2014 SUSE Linux Enterprise -
Systemd from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia for Other Uses, See System D (Disambiguation)
systemd From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see System D (disambiguation). systemd Startup messages on Fedora 17, which uses systemd Original author(s) Lennart Poettering, Kay Sievers, Harald Hoyer, Daniel Mack, Tom Gundersen and David Herrmann Developer(s) Lennart Poettering, Kay Sievers, Harald Hoyer, Daniel Mack, Tom Gundersen, David Herrmann, and others[1] Initial release 30 March 2010 Stable release 219 (February 16, 2015) [±] (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Template:Latest_stable_software_release/systemd&action=edit)[2] Written in C[3] Operating system Linux Type System software License GNU LGPL 2.1+[4] Website freedesktop.org/.../systemd/ (http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/) systemd is a suite of system management daemons, libraries, and utilities designed as a central management and configuration platform for the Linux computer operating system. Described by its authors as a "basic building block" for an operating system,[5] systemd can be used as a Linux init system (the process called by the Linux kernel to initialize the user space during the Linux startup process and manage all processes afterwards) replacing the UNIX System V and Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) style daemon. The name systemd adheres to the Unix convention of making daemons easier to distinguish by having the letter d as the last letter of the filename.[6] systemd is designed for Linux and programmed exclusively for the Linux API. It is published as free and open-source software under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) version 2.1 or later.[4] One of systemd's main goals is to unify basic Linux configurations and service behaviors across all distributions.[7] The design of systemd has generated significant controversy within the free software community. -
Init=/Bin/Present
init=/bin/present Calvin Winkowski What is init ● init is the first process that runs (pid 1) ● The kernel has a small init “process” that doesn’t count ● Everything practical is ultimately a consequence of init # ls /etc/init.d/ after.local dhcpd ntp rc3.d snmpd before.local dhcpd6 postfix rc4.d snmptrapd boot.d firewall_local postgresql rc5.d sshd boot.dmraid halt.local powerd rc6.d stunnel boot.local ipmi powerfail rcS.d svnserve boot.md ipmiseld raw rpmconfigcheck tinyproxy boot.udev lm_sensors rc0.d rsyncd xymon-client cron mdadmd rc1.d SMagent dbus network rc2.d SMmonitor Linux processes ● Linux process table contains all processes running on the system ● #include <linux/sched.h> struct task_struct(_short) { volatile long state; void *stack; unsigned int ptrace; unsigned int cpu; int exit_code; pid_t pid; struct task_struct __rcu *parent; Linux processes Each process is a child of systemd (pid 1) Demo! Everything else ● Populate /dev -- udev, mdev, devfsd, do it yourself with mknod ● Mount file systems -- root, cgroups, proc, nfs, etc. ● Start gettys ● Start X ● Configure network interfaces ● Start logging daemon -- rsyslog or sometimes syslog-ng ● Start various service daemons State of init on *nix ● systemd dominates linux distros with a few exceptions ● Upstart still has vestiges in old releases of distros ● *BSD package in a “BSD init” ● fleetctl LoC in inits ● Only including code, not init scripts or unit files ● OpenRC - 16792 ● Upstart - 131243 ● systemd - 442553 Lennart Poettering: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love