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Il Dibattito Intellettuale E Politico in Albania Tra Le Due Guerre Mondiali
Università Ca' Foscari Venezia Dottorato di ricerca in Storia sociale europea dal Medioevo all'età contemporanea Ciclo: XXIV Anno di discussione: 2013 Il dibattito intellettuale e politico in Albania tra le due guerre mondiali Mehdi Frashëri tra "i vecchi" e "i giovani" Settore scientifico disciplinare di afferenza: M-STO/04 Tesi di Dottorato di Redi Halimi, matricola 955643 Coordinatore del Dottorato Tutore del Dottorando Prof. Mario Infelise Prof. Alberto Masoero 1 2 Indice Introduzione p. 5 Tavola delle abbreviazioni 21 Capitolo 1 Mehdi Frashëri e l'Albania 1870-1939 23 1.1 La fine dell'impero 23 1.2 Riforme, conflitti, rivoluzioni 30 1.3 Evoluzione economica e trasformazioni sociali 32 1.4 Dall'indipendenza alla fine della Grande Guerra 38 1.5 La lotta per il potere e la dittatura di Zog 44 Capitolo 2 Stampa, società e correnti culturali 51 2.1 La stampa albanese tra le due guerre mondiali 54 2.2 Un quotidiano filo-italiano a Tirana? 60 2.3 La stampa e le appartenenze sociali 71 2.4 Correnti culturali e politiche 75 2.5 Circolazioni di uomini e di idee 85 Capitolo 3 La questione economica: Banca d'Albania e riforma agraria 91 3.1 Il rapporto Calmés 94 3.2 La Banca Nazionale 100 3.2 La riforma agraria 104 3.3 Il ruolo di Mehdi Frashëri 114 3.4 Il dibattito sulla riforma agraria 119 3.5 Il pensiero di Frashëri sulle cause dell'arretratezza 125 3 Capitolo 4 Religione e Istruzione: riforme, resistenze e discussioni 131 4.1 Le comunità religiose tra le due guerre mondiali 134 4.1.1 I musulmani 135 4.1.2 Gli ortodossi 137 4.1.3 I cattolici 140 -
Rome's Last Efforts Towards the Union of Orthodox Albanians (1929-1946)
Journal of Eastern Christian Studies 58(1-2), 41-83. doi: 10.2143/JECS.58.1.2017736 © 2006 by Journal of Eastern Christian Studies. All rights reserved. ROME’S LAST EFFORTS TOWARDS THE UNION OF ORTHODOX ALBANIANS (1929-1946) INES ANGJELI MURZAKU* INTRODUCTION It would probably be improper to study the history of the Albanian Greek Catholic Church in unity with Rome in isolation from a concurrent move- ment, that is, the struggle to establish an Albanian Autocephalous Church. The two movements have something in common: they were both animated by the desire of the Albanian people for national identity. Indeed, Albania is not an isolated case scenario in ecclesiastical history. Analogous developments have taken place in other Eastern European countries; the case of Bulgaria is the classical example. The move of the Bulgarian Orthodoxy toward Rome was largely inspired by the wish to restore their national identity after cen- turies of coercion, not only by the Turks but also from the Greeks.1 In nine- teenth-century Bulgaria, when the struggle for autocephaly was gaining momentum, several influential Bulgarian Orthodox faithful in Constantino- ple began to contemplate union with Rome as a solution to their national problems. They thought that as Orthodox they would be able to revive their national ecclesiastical traditions, which they thought Constantinople had denied them.2 In fact, the Greeks were profoundly hated in Bulgaria, because * Ines Angjeli Murzaku is Associate Professor of Religious Studies at Seton Hall Univer- sity in South Orange, New Jersey, an Adjunct Associate Professor of Historical Theology at the Graduate School of Theology, Immaculate Conception Seminary, and Lecturer at the Centro per l’Europa Centro-Orientale e Balcanica of the University of Bologna. -
Religious Persecution in Albania
Religious Persecution in Albania BERNHARD TONNES Albania is one of the most ancient lands of Christendom. There are thought to have been about seventy Christian families in the harbour town of Durres as early as the time of the Apostles. It seems possible, according to ancient sources, that the Apostles Paul and Andrew - independently of each other - were active in Epirus, present-day Albania. The archbishopric of Durres may even have been founded by the Apostle Paul and would thus be one of the oldest bishop's seats in the world. Scientifically authenticated traces of Christian life in Albania date, how ever, "only" from the second century. The list of Roman martyrs includes the name of St Astio, who was Bishop of Durres. When the Roman Empire was divided in AD 395, Albania remained under Constantinople for ad ministrative purposes but came under the jurisdiction of Rome as far as the Church was concerned. Although the Popes tried to maintain their patriar chal rights in the myrian ecclesiastical provinces, these came more and more under the influence of Constantinople. In AD 733, Leo III seized these pro vinces - and thus Albania too - from the Roman Patriarchate and put them under the jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Constantinople. After the schism of 1054, the northern parts of Albania came under the jurisdiction of Ro!pe again and many old bishoprics were re-established. By about 1250, the lregions around Pulti, Arbeniya and Kandaviya had been fully re Catholicised through the activity of Dominicans, Benedictines and finally also Franciscans. At the time of the Turkish invasion at the end of the 15th century, northern Albania can be regarded as being overwhelmingly Catholic, while mid and southern Albania were mainly Orthodox. -
Dissertation-Full Final Rackham Edit
STATE, LAW, AND REVOLUTION: AGRARIAN POWER AND THE NATIONAL STATE IN ALBANIA, 1850-1945 by Besnik Pula A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Sociology) in the University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor George P. Steinmetz, Chair Professor Howard A. Kimeldorf Professor Margaret R. Somers Professor Ronald Grigor Suny Professor Michael D. Kennedy, Brown University © Besnik Pula 2011 DEDICATION To my wife, Shpresa. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS As I ponder all the individuals that have had a role in making this dissertation see the light of day, I realize how difficult it is to properly recount the numerous ways and uncountable acts, large and small, with which others have shaped, supported, and directly or indirectly helped me arrive at this finished product. I was extremely fortunate to have had a group of exceptional historical social scientists as members of my committee, whose support carried me from my early days as a graduate student at Michigan through the years of research and writing of this dissertation. All these individuals have made tremendous efforts in giving me the best training a rookie graduate student in sociology can get. I can only hope to live up to the high standards they have set. My principal advisor, George Steinmetz, has played an enormous intellectual and mentoring role not only during the research and writing of this dissertation, but during my entire graduate career. George was patient enough to stick with me as I scrapped my original dissertation topic to end up working on the one here. -
Enkeleida Nosi (Agaçi)
Lef Nosi nË jetËn politike shqiptare tË viteve 1900-1924 FALENDERIME Fillimisht dua të falenderoj profesorët e Departamentit të Historisë të Universitetit të Elbasanit ku unë kam realizuar procesin e kualifikimit shkencor, në veçanti, Prof. As. Dr. Majlinda Peza-Perriu, Prof. As. Dr. Rudina Mita-Todri dhe Prof. As. Zhuljeta Kadilli-Daja, për ndihmën e veçantë që më kanë ofruar përmes sugjerimeve e vërejtjeve të tyre duke më mirëkuptuar dhe mbështetur për realizimin e këtij punimi. Falenderoj profesorët e Institutit të Historisë në Tiranë, Prof. Dr. Fatmira Musaj dhe Prof. Dr. Hamit Kaba për mbështetjen e pakursyer që tregojnë ndaj studiuesve të rinj. Falenderime për punonjësit e Arkivit të Shtetit e të Arkivit të Muzeut në Elbasan, si edhe të Bibliotekës Kombëtare në Tiranë dhe Bibliotekës së Elbasanit për ndihmesën e tyre të vyer. Një falenderim i veçantë dhe mirënjohje e sinqertë i shkon udhëheqësit tim shkencor Prof. Dr. Roland Gjini i cili nëpërmjet udhëzimeve të dhëna ka ndikuar në formimin tim shkencor dhe në përfundimin me sukses të këtij punimi. Falenderimin më special ia drejtoj prindërve që me dashuri më mësuan të punoj me këmbëngulje; Sokolit, frymëzimit tim; dhe Sandros, burimit të forcës sime, përfaqësuesit të gjeneratës më të re të familjes së madhe të Nosëve. Ju falenderoj! 1 Lef Nosi nË jetËn politike shqiptare tË viteve 1900-1924 ABSTRAKT Ky punim synon të trajtojë dhe analizojë përfshirjen e Lef Nosit në lëvizjen politike dhe arsimore, çlirimtare dhe shtetformuese shqiptare në një periudhë kohore që nis me zhvillimet e lëvizjes kombëtare të fillimshekullit të XX, zhvillohet më tej me ngjarjet që paraprinë e pasuan shpalljen e Pavarësisë dhe krijimin e shtetit të parë shqiptar, si edhe pozicionimin e tij gjatë situatave konfliktuale, që prodhoi në mjedisin politik shqiptar, Lufta e Parë Botërore dhe përplasjet politike të mesit të viteve ’20 të shekullit të kaluar. -
Franciscan Contribution in the Albanian Culture and Education
FRANCISCAN CONTRIBUTION IN THE ALBANIAN CULTURE AND EDUCATION Orjeta Dushi1 1Instituti i Studimeve Albanologjike, Universiteti “L.Gurakuqi”, Shkodër, Shqipëri E-Mail: [email protected] Abstract The Franciscan Seminary foundation in Shkodër had a great influence in the cultural and educational development of Albania, for the historical and cultural period in which they developed their activity. I want to present here the scientific activity of some of the icons of this school that have left precious trace on the Albanian culture and education. Among many others as the backbone of the province of the Franciscans, but also of education, Albanian culture and science, I would mention Father J. Rrota as grammarian, Father Gj. Fishta as Leader of the Franciscan Literary, Bishop V. Prennushi as the poet of his city, Father Sh. K. Gjeçovi as historiographer, Father D. Kurti as folclorist and translator from Latin to Albanian, Father P. Margjokaj, Father M. Sirdani as historians, Father A. Marlaskaj, Father Gj. Shllaku and Father A. Harapi as philosophers, Father M. Gjoka, F. Mazreku as musicians and songwriters, Father L. Kabashi as professor of visual Arts. The research and publishing activity of the Franciscans embraces a period of nearly half a century, during which they have carried out their duties as clericals, as real scientists and as native language teachers. The description and the reflection of their values brings the origins of literature, art, philosophy and the Albanian science of the first half of the twentieth century, into the eye of the young generation, to meet the portrait of that cultural period about the biography of the Albanian nation. -
The Albanian in Front of and Inside the Canon
Science Arena Publications Specialty Journal of Humanities and Cultural Science ISSN: 2520-3274 Available online at www.sciarena.com 2018, Vol, 3 (4): 26-35 The Albanian in Front of and Inside the Canon Alma Dema1*, Canditate Risvan Tershalla2 1 Cultural Anthropology Lecturer, Alexsander Moisiu University, Durres, Albania, 2 Ethics Lecturer, Alexsander Moisiu University, Durres, Albania. *Corresponding Author Abstract: During XX-th century, Albania is known to be governed by a doubble law: the institutional one and the territorial one. With the territorial law, it means a law made and applied by people not by the goverment. One of these, has been Lek Dukagjini’s Canon, which has been mainly used in Northern Albania, within the area in the same name, Dukagjin. It is also shown in one part of Kosovo too, principally, the zones nearby Albania’s administrative bounder. This paper is going to go through this experience trying to set out the possibly origin of Lek Dukagjini’s Canon, the grounds in where it has been applied, the way in which it has acted, the neccesity to live under Canon and the consequences if there is no deside to live inside it. We, also, are going to face the main figures of the period we are speaking, who acted for Canon or were against its implementation and existence. We are going to have in consideration their opinions and judgements looking for the power it has, even nowadays, in Albania. Keywords: Lek Dukagjini Canon, Albanian, Ethical Discussion, Gjergj Fishta, Prist, Nowadays. INTRODUCTION The Canon is called the set of principles, institutions, and norms that it has acted in Albania independently of the state's jurisdiction, both the Turkish and the later governments. -
Religious Harmony, an Important Factor in the Political Unity of Albanians in Years 1912-1924
ISSN 2411-9563 (Print) European Journal of Social Sciences September-December 2016 ISSN 2312-8429 (Online) Education and Research Volume 3, Issue 4 Religious Harmony, An Important Factor in the Political Unity of Albanians in Years 1912-1924 Rudina MITA Prof. Ass. Dr. , Faculty of Humanities, University of " Alexandër Xhuvani " Elbasan, Albania Abstract In the years 1912-1924, Albania was the place in which were four religions: Islam, Orthodox, Catholic and Bectashi. The ideological, political, cultural, educational movement known as the Albanian National Renaissance, (`30 years of the XIX century until 1912 with the declaration of independence of Albania), it devoted an important attention of the political unity of Albanians face as chauvinistic platforms like Megaliideja and Narcetania. present at the time and at high risk for Albanians. The objective of these platforms was as much territorial and assimilationist. The equality of nationality and religion was an idea which was becoming bigger; who was turk was a Muslim, who was catholic was Latino, who was greek was Orthodox. Endangered the existence of a nation. Albanian Renaissance before 1912 aimed to find ways and approsiate means that political unity of Albanians does not sullied in front of assimilating platforms. An important political act for albanians was the Declaration of Independence from the Ottoman Empire on 28 XI.1912. In such a decisive moment religious unity should be an important part for the benefit of political unity. The motto of the Renaissance was "The religion of Albanians is Albanianism", which resulted successfully. During these years albanians demonstrate unity and religious tolerance for political unification. -
575 Challenges at the Beginning of the XX Century for the Albanian
ISSN 2039‐2117 Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 3 (3) September 2012 Challenges at the Beginning of the XX Century for the Albanian Nation, Literature and Culture The Most Prominent Personalities of time in the Albanian Literature and the Critical – Aesthetic Thought Ledri Kurti Prof. Assoc., Department of Literature, Faculty of the Social Sciences; University of Shkodra; Albania. E- mail: [email protected] Doi:10.5901/mjss.2012.v2n3p575 Abstract This study surveyed the facing challenges in the Albanian nation, at the beginning of XX century. As a result challenges accompanied definitely its shrink literature in suppressed conscience. Time as a concept had nothing to do with the chain of phenomena around. Time in itself, in this geographical and historical terrain, and in its literature, could not be in motion, became a painful stagnation detached from the light and the effects of objective time or the reflections of developments in the whole. Attempts to capture the lost time and facing with reality, would reasonably be met with the resistance and gears of real time and the difficulties which brought the confrontation with different mentalities, the general development of other nations, hence the philosophies of thought and their representative literature of their developments. Keywords: Albanian literature, aesthetic thought, critical thinking, Interior Time, literary challenges, Objective Time; Anton Harapi, Ernest Koliqi, Faik Konica, Gjergj Fishta, Kolë Ashta, etc. 1. Introduction 1.1 Problem of research Is it raised as a problem to be solved seeing Albanian literature and his evolution of critical - esthetical thought, especially up to 40 years at the beginig XX century. -
Final Pages Sarajevo Rose.Indd
SARAJEVO ROSE See page 66 for a description of this pamphlet. Stephen Schwartz SARAJEVO ROSE A Balkan Jewish Notebook SAQI n association with THE BOSNIAN INSTITUTE Author’s Note Most of these texts originally appeared in various periodicals; places and dates of publication are indicated in endnotes. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 86356 592 1 copyright © Stephen Schwartz 2005 The right of Stephen Schwartz to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act of 1988 This edition first published 2005 SAQI 26 Westbourne Grove London W2 5RH www.saqibooks.com in association with The Bosnian Institute To my parents “Yo me mancharía toda Por salvar la mi bandera” Classic Sephardic song “There is no whisper quieter than the print in a book, to be read by a person in solitude.” Nehemiah Hiyya Cajón (c. 1655–c. 1730) “All, young and old, put on the sword, More voracious than the beasts of the forest; All cry for liberty, the wise and the ignorant; The fury of battle rages like the stormy sea.” Rachel Morpurgo (1790–1871) “Lord of the world, master of forgiveness, master of every soul, powerful God of the spirits of all creatures, in your power are all the souls of the living and the spirits of all humanity!” Livriku de la orasjon ke se dizi e Stolac dispoes de TEFILA sovre la KEVURA del CADIK maalot Moreno arav rebi MOŠE DANON zehuto jagen alenu AMEN, Trezladado por mano del hadži MOŠE HAJIM moreno arav Alevi, Saraj en anjo 5697 “I arrive now at the ineffable center of my story. -
R S S Albanian Franciscan and Jesuit Drama and Theatre Christian
R S www.irss.academyirmbr.com December 2019 S International Review of Social Sciences Vol. 7 Issue.12 I Albanian Franciscan and Jesuit Drama and Theatre Christian Literature and the Concept of Theatrum Mundi Dr. ERENESTINA GJERGJI HALILI University of Tirana Email: [email protected] Tel: 00355699853428 Abstract The first Albanian drama, "Christmas Night" by Fr. Leonardo De Martino in 1880, although late compared to European sisters, marked the beginning of the Jesuit school of literature and thought by attributing to itself the qualities of a favorite genre, and initiating aesthetic, philosophical, philological, artistic, but also religious and national principles. To observe the interest of the Franciscan and Jesuit fathers on gender tragedy-drama-comedy as major dramatic categories, but also in other genres of its application, one must examine historical, cultural, educational, and social reasons, and even theories of reading and reception of literary work, specifically of the dramatic work, which are finally summed up in Christian theater, as the philosophy of the philosophical and aesthetic concept of Theatrum mundi. Keywords: Albanian Franciscan and Jesuit drama, Theatrum Mundi, Tragedy, Drama, Comedy. Introduction It is commonly observed that Catholic dramatic authors proclaimed the need for organic collaboration between philosophical judgment and the Christian mimetic tradition, as to emphasize art's importance to human life. Starting from a cognitive and metaphysical interpretation of the Aristotelian mimesis and combining it with the doctrine of existence, the drama of the fathers litterati et sapientes seems to be a new mimesis in function of the Christian philosophy of the principles of existence, which are described by a common thread from God at the beginning, to extend similarly to all that exists. -
Aurel PLASARI - Datëlindje : 16.09.1955 - Vendlindje; Tiranë - Cel
CURRICULUM VITAE Në funksion të shërbimit në Akademinë e Studimeve Albanologjike INFORMACION VETJAK - Emër mbiemër : Aurel PLASARI - Datëlindje : 16.09.1955 - Vendlindje; Tiranë - Cel. : ++ 355 692045480 - Email : [email protected] / [email protected] TË DHËNA ARSIMORE-AKADEMIKE - 2011: titulli “Profesor”. - 1995: titulli “Profesor i asociuar”. - 1994: grada “Doktor në letërsinë e krahasuar”. - 1991: kualifikim pasuniversitar afatshkurtër në Universidad de Alcalà (UAH) Madrid. - 1989: diplomë e Studimeve Universitare, Universiteti i Tiranës, Fakulteti i Historisë dhe i Filologjisë, Dega: Gjuhë dhe Letërsi Shqipe. BURSA STUDIMI / KËRKIMI TEMPUS / PHARE, Programme: Transeuropéen de Coopération pour l’Enseignement Supérieur, Période 1 septembre 1995 - 31 août 1996 (Contrat No IMG-95-ALB-1168). BACKGROUND PROFESIONAL - Drejtor i Qendrës së Botimeve Enciklopedike, Akademia e Studimeve Albanologjike, 2017-në vijim. - Drejtor i Qendrës së Enciklopedisë Shqiptare, Qendra Ndëruniversitare e Studimeve Albanologjike, 2014-2017. - Drejtor i Bibliotekës Kombëtare të Shqipërisë, 1998-2014. - Pedagog me kohë të plotë (titullar lënde), Fakulteti i Historisë dhe i Filologjisë (UT), 1996-1998. - Lektor i ftuar në Institut des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (INALCO), Paris, 1995-1996. - Zv.dekan, pedagog me kohë të plotë (titullar lënde), Fakulteti i Historisë dhe i Filologjisë (UT), 1992-1995. - Pedagog i jashtëm, Fakulteti i Historisë dhe i Filologjisë (UT), 1990-1992. - Pedagog i ftuar, Instituti i Lartë Pedagogjik, Elbasan, 1990-1991. 1 DETYRA PARALELE - Anëtar i bordit shkencor të revistës “Albanian Studies”, organ i Akademisë së Studimeve Albanologjike, 2018-vijim. - Anëtar i redaksisë së revistës “Studime Historike”, organ i Institutit të Historisë, ASA, 2018-vijim. - Anëtar i Këshillit Shkencor të Muzeut Historik Kombëtar, 2008-2013. - Anëtar i Komitetit Ndërministror të 100-vjetorit të Pavarësisë, 2011-2012.