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Frontiere Şi Identităţi În Istoriografia Românească

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Frontiere Şi Identităţi În Istoriografia Românească id16931265 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com ªI IDENTITÃÞI ÎN ISTORIOGRAFIA ROMÂNEASCà FRONTIERE ã Vasile Vese, Crina Capot ABSTRACT: This paper proposes a short overview of the representation and the interpretation of the frontiers and identities issue in Romanian historiography in the last fifteen years. There is an interesting way to study the interdependency between frontier and identities, as well as to explain the concepts frontier, border or boundary. The Romanian historians offered a special priority to the issue of political borders. They emphasized the interwar period, the time of maximum territorial extension fro Romanian State. It has been noticed this lack of diversity at methodological level, also. In most cases, the works referring to borders or frontiers do not combine History with other disciplines such as the principles of Public Law, Anthropology or Ethnography. Furthermore, most Romanian historians define nation from an ethnical, linguistic or religious point of view. þã îºi propune o prezentare succintã a refle ãrii ºi interpretãrii Lucrarea de fa ct ºi identitãþilor în istoriografia româneascã din ultimii fenomenului frontierei ãrile multiple de care sunt susceptibile cele douã concepte face cincisprezece ani. Clasific ãrii sã fie unul ambiþios încercând explicarea þiei în istoriografia ca scopul lucr apari ânã a unor teme precum frontiere politice, frontiere naþionale, confesionale, sau rom ºi a discuþiilor legate de identitatea naþionalã, etnicã, confesionalã sau lingvistice, precum ã. Demersul este unul dificil datoritã mai social multor factori. Un prim factor este legat „producþia istoriograficã” din ultimii cincisprezece ani. Un simplu studiu statistic, de însã, ar arãta faptul cã lucrãrile de istorie ocupã un loc de frunte în politica nerealizat ã a principalelor editu âneºti1 ºadar, putem vorbi despre o „inflaþie” de editorial ri rom . A ãrþi de istorie în ultimii cincisprezece ani precum ºi de un interes aparte arãtat acestui c ãtre autoritãþile statului2 3 ânia domeniu de c sau principalii formatori de opinie din Rom ã. Un îngreuneazã cercetarea noastrã se datoreazã postcomunist al doilea factor care ã fenomenului frontierei, în înþeles politic, naþional, confesional sau social, nu i faptului c - în mod direct anumite studii, lucrarea bazându au fost dedicate -se pe anumite articole ã în mod tangenþial acest subiect. care abordeaz þa unei clasificãri a istoriografiei dedicate fenomenului frontierei ºi a Din dorin ãrii interferenþelor dintre frontiere ºi identitãþi am pornit de la câteva ipoteze de lucru sesiz ãri. O primã ipotezã este care vor fi confirmate sau infirmate pe parcursul acestei lucr ã studierea frontierelor de cãtre istoricii români s în mare parte la aceea c -a rezumat ãzând pe frontierel âniei de dupã 1918. Aceasta frontierele politice, accentul c e Rom se ã la întreaga istoriogr ã Tratatul de la Versailles ( ã, comunistã refer afie de dup interbelic ã sau postcomunist ). Pentru validarea sau infirmarea acestei premise am considerat ã prezentarea într necesar -un mod succint a istoriografiei anterioare perioadei 1990. ã de la ca ã istoriografia româneascã, cu O a doua premis re pornim este aceea c þii a fost puþin interesatã de distincþii de naturã conceptualã între frontierã, mici excep þã, hotar, în majoritatea cazurilor aceºti termeni fiind consideraþi drept sinonimi. grani ã înc ãrile de delimitare conceptualã apar mai ales în perioada Interesant este c erc ã ºi mai puþin în cea postcomunistã. Explicaþia care se poate da acestui lucru interbelic ã de calitatea cãrþilor de istorie, precum ºi a istoricilor interbelici comparativ cu este legat ã 1990. În perioada interbelicã ânã era comparabilã cu istoricii de dup , istoriografia rom ã, atât în ceea ce priveºte tematica abordatã, cât ºi în ceea ce priveºte cea universal „Codrul Cosminului”, nr. 11, 2005, p. 163 -170 164 Vasile Vese, Crina Capota ã4 ã 50 de ani în care metodologia utilizat . Dup primordial pentru istorici nu a fost calitatea ã ideologiei scrisului istoric, ci necesitatea de a subordona demnitatea profesional þia istoriograficã ânia ultimilor ani se aliniazã mai anevoios comuniste, produc din Rom þelor istoriografice actuale. În majoritatea cazurilor existã acelaºi inter tendin es pentru o ã, evenimenþialã, în care documentul este sursa supremã ºi de tratare descriptiv În pofida celor arãtate mai sus, existenþa în limbile englezã ºi germanã a necontestat. þiei dintre graniþã ºi frontierã a determinat apariþia ºi în limba ro ânã a unor distinc m încercãri de delimitare a semnificaþiei celor doi termeni. Astfel, într -un studiu dedicat þinând ºtiinþelor sociale, distincþia dintre frontierã ºi graniþã este fãcutã de frontierelor apar âi. În registrul politic caracterul dinamic al celei dint o-juridic este folosit termenul de þã desemnând linia ce desparte douã regiuni cu statut bine precizat (stat, canton).5 În grani 6 ã devinã unul secolul al XX-lea caracterul dinamic al frontierei face ca acest fenomen s ã o tradiþie inte ã în ceea ce priveºte studiul interdependenþei mai ales intern. Exist rbelic ºi identitate, precum ºi încercarea de explicare a conceptului de frontierã, dintre frontiere þã sau hotar.7 ã studii îmbinã metodologia specificã dreptului grani Astfel, primele dou þional public, ºi istoriei pentru a legitima frontierele României interbelice. interna dar ºanu face distincþia dintre frontierã ºi limitã, limita fiind numai operaþiunea Romulus Sei ã de delimitare a zonei frontierei.8 tehnic ã poate fi clasi Scrisul istoric din perioada comunist ficat folosind metoda lui Vlad ã patru etape ale istoriografiei comuniste Georgescu. Astfel, Vlad Georgescu identific în mare urmeazã etapele politice ale comunismului românesc: 1944 “Frontul care -1960 ( ãrului”), 1960 “începutu ãrii adevãrurilor istorice istoric, stabilirea Adev -1965 ( l reintrepret ”), 1965 “relaxarea ideologicã”), 1971 “culturnicii ºi abia reinterpretate -1971 ( -1977, ( ”).9 noile mituri Cercetarea lui Vlad Georgescu s-a oprit la anul 1977, dar putem þãri, cultura româneascã d ã presupune,cu mici nuan in perioada 1971-1989 se caracterizeaz “curentul protocronist”. În ceea ce priveºte problematica frontierelor, istoriografia prin ã urmeazã în linii mari tradiþia interbelicã, focalizându comunist -se pe frontierele politice ºi naþionale, însã accentul prec ºi intensitatea mesajului promovat este subordonat um În prima fazã a regimului comunist nici chiar frontierele politice nu ideologiei marxiste. În celebrul manual de istorie al lui Mihail Roller, constituie un subiect demn de abordat. ãratã ã de istorie a României, nu se face nici o referire la frontierele de fapt o adev sintez âniei de dupã primul rãzboi mondial, precum nici la problemele teritoriale dintre Rom ân ºi URSS din vara anului 194010 Începând cu 1964 se menþioneazã în scris Rom ia . þa unei „pr ”, atât într ânilor, 11 existen obleme istorice basarabene -un tratat de istoria rom ât ºi prin publicarea unor documente aparþinând lui Karl Marx12 c . Perioada regimului þional determinã ºi apariþia unui anume interes asupra frontierelor statului comunist-na ân. Se e ã din ce în ce mai rãspicat necesitatea revizuirii frontierei româno rom xprim - În acest context este interesant de observat modalitatea de prezentare ºi sovietice. între Român ºi URSS în vara anului 194013 interpretare a raporturilor existente ia . âneascã de dupã 1989 accentul este pus într In istoriografia rom -un mod aproape ºi naþionale. Relaþiile diplomatice, economice, exclusiv asupra frontierelor politice în ceea ce priveºte culturale cu statele vecine au fost principalele puncte discutate þiile conflictule au fost exploatate la maxim de istorici, tematica frontierelor. Situa momentele 1916-1919, 1940, 1944-1945 devenind subiecte pentru numeroase studii. Prioritatea istoricilor a fost frontiera de vest. Acest lucru este explicat prin þia comunã unei pãrþi însemnate a opiniei publice din România care considera cã percep ãbuºirea sistemului creat dupã 1945 va duce la revizuiri teritoriale în defavoarea pr ân. Orice încercare de a discuta problemele legate de drepturile minoritãþilor statului rom ºi identitãþi în istoriografia româneascã Frontiere 165 ânia, erau pri ãtre politicienii naþionaliºti ºi nu numai, drept încercãri de din Rom vite de c ân. În acest context, istoricii români au încercat sã a schimba frontierele statului rom þional public, precum dreptul la legitimeze cu ajutorul unor principii ale dreptului interna þa Transilvaniei în cadrul statului român începând cu 1918. autodeterminare, prezen þiei studiilor dedicate relaþiilor româno în diferite momente ale Intensitatea apari -maghiare ã în mod direct de evoluþia acestor relaþii în perioad secolului al XX-lea este legat a post ãtoare evenimentelor din decembrie 1989, este 1990. Astfel, perioada imediat urm ã de apariþia unor studii de istorie menite sã legitimeze unirea din 191814 ã marcat sau s ºi inaplicabilitatea arbitrajului de la Viena din august 194015 arate ilegalitatea . Cele mai þiilor româno multe studii dedicate rela -maghiare, deci indirect frontierei de vest a âniei, s în perioada 1995 ºadar în jurul anului în care s Rom -au scris -1998, a -a semnat ºi bunã vecinãtate cu Ungaria16 âni nu tratatul de prietenie . Efortul istoricilor rom ã o reacþie contestatarã cu privire la semnarea acestui tratat, reacþii care nu au semnific þionaliºti, ci este o încercare de a legitima din lipsit din partea unor politicieni na ã istoricã frontiera de vest a
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