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Attracting Frogs to Your Garden @Sustainablegardeningaustralia #Sustainablegardeningaustralia Sustainable Gardening Australia www.sgaonline.org.au [email protected] Attracting Frogs to your Garden @sustainablegardeningaustralia #sustainablegardeningaustralia • Froggy Facts Frogs are carnivorous and will eat anything that fits in their mouths but mainly eating insects; Frogs are the only living native amphibian in Australia; Over 240 species of native frog in Australia; 21 new species have been discovered over the past decade; Undergo metamorphosis from a tadpole to a frog; Each frog species has a unique call; Four ways of breathing 1)Gills (tadpoles); 2) Skin (in water and on land) 3) Lining of the mouth cavity; 4) Lungs As frogs can absorb water and breath through their skin, they are very susceptible to chemicals, including garden chemicals; An abundance and diversity of frogs is an indication of a healthy eco-system / garden • Threats to Frogs Highly sensitive to changes in the environment; Populations in decline around the world and in; Australia ; Contributing factors - Habitat loss; Introduced predator animals; Pollution and chemicals; Salinity; Climate change Chytrid fungus - First detected in Australia in 1978; 43 Australian species have declined; 7 extinctions; 6 species at high risk of extinction • A Gardeners’ Response 1. Stop using harsh garden chemicals 2. Use natural solutions to garden challenges 3. Be a responsible pet owner 4. Build a frog friendly garden 5. Contribute to scientific research via citizen science activities 6. Learn about your local frogs • Stop Using Garden Chemicals Frogs absorb moisture and breath through their skin and can easily absorb herbicides, pesticides and fertilisers; Pesticides kill a frog’s food source; Insects that have been sprayed can be harmful to frogs that eat them; Low levels of nitrates (e.g. fertilisers) are enough to kill some species of frog (1) ;Wetting agents (surfactants) can be absorbed by frogs and impact their health SGA’s soon to be launched “Garden Product Guide” will help you identify which garden products have lower environmental impact • Natural Solutions to Garden Challenges – Integrated Garden Management (IGM) Feed your garden naturally - Use organic soil conditioner like compost; Use slow release organic fertilisers (manure pellets); Mulch grass clippings back into the lawn Manage weeds naturally - Integrated Weed Management; Mulching; Pulling out before they seed; Plant cover crops Manage pest naturally - Integrated Pest Management; Build biodiversity into your garden plans; Attract beneficial insects Wet your soil naturally - Add mature compost; Mulch Mulch Mulch; Install a drip irrigation system; Use a frog friendly surfactant and use minimally • Be a Responsible Pet Owner Frogs are very susceptible to attacks from family pets; Keep pets away from the pond, especially in the hours around dawn and dusk as this is when frogs are on the move; Ensure there are lots of hiding places around the pond. Plants, rocks, logs, mulch, cracks and crevasses • Build a Frog Friendly Garden Food - Insects, water plants, algae Shelter - Leaf litter, long grass, logs, rocks, mossy crevasses, strappy and reedy plants, native grasses, ground cover plants, shady trees, windbreaks, water, moist / boggy soil Water - Frogs can dehydrate quickly in hot / windy weather; Ponds, gullies, depressions, rock pools, drip irrigation around the pond Breeding sites - Ponds • Protecting Frogs © Sustainable Gardening Australia 2020 1 Sustainable Gardening Australia www.sgaonline.org.au [email protected] Attracting Frogs to your Garden @sustainablegardeningaustralia #sustainablegardeningaustralia Native frogs and tadpoles are protected by law in Victoria; It is illegal to capture frogs or to raise tadpoles for release; Providing habitat for frogs encourages them to move into your garden • Citizen Science and ID Apps – Melbourne Water Frog Census app; Australian Museum FrogID app • Learn About Local Frogs www.melbournewater.com.au/media/426/download; www.frogs.org.au; www.nccma.vic.gov.au - North Central Catchment Management Authority Fact Sheets; Attracting Frogs to your garden by Kevin Casey • Frog Ponds A damp zone at water’s edge for adult frogs A shallow water zone for laying eggs A deep zone of at least 30cm for tadpoles • Frog Friendly Gardens Mulch; Bark mulches provide shelter, encourage insects (food) and keep the soil cool and moist Logs and Rocks - Fallen branches, logs and rocks provide shelter and encourage insects (food) Avoid plants with toxic leaves near the pond. e.g. Oleanders, pines, Australian indigo Shrubs - Lilly Pilly (Acmena smithii), Assorted Grevilleas (Grevillia spp.), Bottlebrush (Callistemon spp.), Hakea (Hakea spp.), Sweet Bursaria (Bursaria sponosa) Boggy plants - Soft Water Fern (Blechnum minus), Thatch Saw-sedge (Gahnia radula), Knobby Club-rush (Isolepis nodosa), Grassy Mat-rush (Lomandra confertifolia), Tassel Cord Rush (Baloskion tetraphyllum) • Frog Pond Gardens - Water Plants Avoid plants that are environmental weeds; Water plants provide food for tadpoles; For oxygenation keep at least 20% of the pond as open water; Plant with a diversity of aquatic plants Oxygenators - Plants with most or all leaves under water; Increase oxygen in the water; Nutrient sponges filtering out ammonia, nitrates, nitrates and other minerals Oxygenator varieties - Varied water-milfoil (Myriophyllum varifolium); Water-milfoil (Myriophyllum crispatum); Hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum); Water Ribbons (Triglochin procerum); River ribbons / Eel Grass (Vallisneria australis) Other water plants - Common Nardoo (Marsilea drummondii); Water Finge / Marshwort (Nymphoides geminata); Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria); Tassel Sedge (Carex fascicularis); Jointed Twig-rush (Baumea articulata) • Plants for Frog Gardens - Pond Side Plants Soft, thick vegetation that droops over the water’s edge Groundcovers - Kidney weed (Dichondra repens); Native violet (Viola hederacea); Purple coral pea (Hardenburgia spp.); Cut leaf daisy (Brachysome multifida); Creeping boobialla (Myoporum parvifolium) Grasses - Kangaroo grass (Themeda triandra); Weeping grass (Microleana stipoides); Wallaby grass (Austrodanthonia spp.) Tufting plants - Pale rush (Juncus pallidus); Black-anther flax-lily (Dianella revoluta) • Frog Pond Problems Goldfish – eat eggs and tadpoles. Use native fish Cats and dogs – protect the area with sharp, spiky plants and provide lots of hiding spaces Chemicals – frogs are very sensitive to chemicals which are absorbed through their thin skin. Avoid garden chemicals Fountain pumps – Ensure a filter over inlet so tadpoles and eggs aren’t sucked up Floating plants – too many covering the top of the pond will reduce oxygen levels for tadpoles Over cleaning the pond – tadpoles need decaying material in the pond water as a food source Algal blooms – Provide 70% shading of the surface area. Place a small amount of barley straw in the pond. As it decomposes it produces a natural algaecide A frog pond can attract predators like snakes – build pond away from the house Mosquitos – next slide © Sustainable Gardening Australia 2020 2 Sustainable Gardening Australia www.sgaonline.org.au [email protected] Attracting Frogs to your Garden @sustainablegardeningaustralia #sustainablegardeningaustralia • Beware – Snakes Frogs are a natural part of the snake’s food chain; Having frogs can increase the risk of attracting snakes; Snakes are protected – it is illegal to kill them; Call a snake catcher; Use the visit as an opportunity to teach children about snakes (observing safety precautions); In the event of a bite apply first aid and phone 000 IMMEDIATELY; Bring pets inside, animals bitten by snakes need immediate medical attention Wildlife Rescue Website - www.wires.org.au/wildlife-info/wildlife-education/snakes • Managing Mosquitos Mosquitos prefer still water when laying their eggs and usually lay eggs at night; Ensure no containers around the garden with water in them; Create movement in the water with a small solar pump / fountain that works off a rechargeable battery; Incorporate frog friendly native fish into the pond • Environmental Pest - Mosquito Fish (Gambusia Holbrooki) Introduced to control mosquitos; Are live bearers and out compete native fish; Harass and nip the fins of other small fish and tadpoles; Has been implicated in the decline of several small native species; Declared noxious species in Victoria and it is illegal to hold or translocate the fish • Native Fish for the Frog Pond Southern Pygmy Perch - (Nannoperca australis); Murray Rainbowfish - (Melanotaenia fluviatilis); Honey Blue-eye - (Pseudomugli mellis); Crimson Spotted Rainbowfish - (Melanotaenia duboulayi) • Pond Design Tips Away from the house – Noise; Snakes Away from trees - Avoid root problems; Reduce leaves clogging the pond; 70% shade, 30% sun; Some algae growth but not too much; Don’t want to overheat the water Somewhere safe - Visible from inside the house; Surrounded by fencing Avoid toxic materials – human safe Plant water plants in pots; Helps restrict excessive growth; Easier to maintain • Pond Safety with Children Think about your children, grandchildren neighbor's children and visitor’s children; Talk to your children about being safe around the pond; Supervise children around the pond; Locate the pond where it is visible from the house; Ponds with gentle sides are safer than deep sided ponds; Grow lots of plants next to the deep end making it hard to access; Install some fencing around the pond; Install a grate over the pond (100mm, x 100mm). Don’t use chicken wire. It
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