ORICA RICHMOND VALE BIODIVERSITY OFFSET AREA MONITORING REPORT – 2017
FINAL
September 2017
ORICA RICHMOND VALE BIODIVERSITY OFFSET AREA MONITORING REPORT – 2017
FINAL
Prepared by Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited on behalf of Orica Mining Services
Project Director: Shaun Corry Project Manager: Brooke Weber Report No. 3614/R03/V2/Final Date: September 2017
Newcastle
75 York Street Teralba NSW 2284
Ph. 02 4950 5322 www.umwelt.com.au
This report was prepared using Umwelt’s ISO 9001 certified Quality Management System.
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 2.0 Methods 4 2.1 Flora Methods 6 2.1.1 Floristic Surveys 6 2.1.2 Plant Identification and Taxonomic Review 7 2.1.3 Condition Assessment 7 2.1.4 Photo Monitoring 7 2.2 Fauna Methods 7 2.2.1 Diurnal Herpetofauna Survey 7 2.2.2 Diurnal Avifauna Survey 8 2.2.3 Call Playback 8 2.2.4 Nocturnal Survey 8 2.2.5 Micro-bat Echolocation Survey 8 2.3 Ecosystem Function Assessment 9 3.0 Monitoring Results 10 3.1 Flora 10 3.1.1 MP 1 10 3.1.2 MP 2 12 3.1.3 MP 3 14 3.1.4 MP 4 16 3.2 Fauna 18 3.2.1 MP 1 18 3.2.2 MP 4 21 3.3 Ecosystem Function Assessment 22 3.3.1 Native Vegetation Condition Assessment 22 3.3.2 Water Bodies Condition Assessment 22 4.0 Management Issues 24 4.1 Weeds 24 4.2 Pest Species 26 4.3 Erosion 26 4.3.1 Waterways 26 4.3.2 Access Tracks 27 5.0 Summary 28 5.1 Flora 28 5.2 Fauna 28
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6.0 Conclusions and Recommendations 30 7.0 References 31
Figures
Figure 1.1 Locality Plan 2 Figure 2.1 Monitoring Point Locations 5 Figure 3.1 Threatened Fauna Records 20 Figure 4.1 Biodiversity Management Issues 25
Plates
Plate 3.1 MP 1 Photo North 10 Plate 3.2 MP 1 Photo East 10 Plate 3.3 MP 1 Photo South 10 Plate 3.4 MP 1 Photo West 10 Plate 3.5 MP 2 Photo North 12 Plate 3.6 MP 2 Photo East 12 Plate 3.7 MP 2 Photo South 12 Plate 3.8 MP 2 Photo West 12 Plate 3.9 MP 3 Photo North 14 Plate 3.10 MP 3 Photo East 14 Plate 3.11 MP 3 Photo South 14 Plate 3.12 MP 3 Photo West 14 Plate 3.13 MP 4 Photo North 16 Plate 3.14 MP 4 Photo East 16 Plate 3.15 MP 4 Photo South 16 Plate 3.16 MP 4 Photo West 16 Plate 4.1 Severe stream bank erosion near MP 2 in 2015 (left) and 2017 (right) showing increased erosion 26
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Tables
Table 2.1 Coordinates of Biodiversity Offset Area Monitoring Points 4 Table 3.1 Summary of Data Collected during Monitoring Surveys at MP1 11 Table 3.2 Summary of Data Collected during Monitoring Surveys at MP2 13 Table 3.3 Summary of Data Collected during M onitoring Surveys at MP3 15 Table 3.4 Summary of Data Collected during Monitoring Surveys at Site MP4 17 Table 3.5 Summary of Data Collected during Monitoring Surveys at Site MP1 18 Table 3.6 Summary of Data Collected during Monitoring Surveys at Site MP4 21
Appendices
Appendix 1 Flora List Appendix 2 Fauna List Appendix 3 OEH Data Sheets
ORICA RICHMOND VALEBIODIVERSITY OFFSET AREA MONITORING REPORT – 2017 3614_R03_Biodiversity Offset Area_V2
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background
The Orica Technology Centre (the site) is situated on the southern side of George Booth Drive, Richmond Vale, NSW (Figure 1.1). The Technology Centre commenced operation in 1991 as an explosives research and production facility. It comprises 292 hectares of predominantly open forest vegetation, of which 8 hectares is currently occupied by the existing Technology Centre operations.
On 26 July 2010, development approval under Part 3A of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EP&A Act) was granted for the continuation of the existing operations at the Technology Centre as well as the construction and operation of a proposed Ammonium Nitrate Emulsion (ANE) Production Facility.
As a result of the potential impacts associated with the Project, a Biodiversity Offset Area has been developed to offset the impacts of the project on threatened species, endangered ecological communities (EECs) and their habitats. The Biodiversity Offset Area was increased from approximately 17 hectares to 31.7 hectares following consultation with the Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) as part of the Response to Submissions process.
A Vegetation Management Plan (Umwelt 2012a) was developed in consultation with the OEH – Conservation Partnerships Delivery Unit which outlined the need to undertake annual ecological monitoring of the Biodiversity Offset Area. The Vegetation Management Plan (VMP) was revised in 2015 (Umwelt 2015) and outlined the need to incorporate the annual ecological monitoring with the required annual reporting for the OEH Conservation Agreement to streamline the process and negate the need for multiple surveys.
This combined annual ecological monitoring report and OEH Conservation Agreement report will satisfy the regulatory requirements of both the Department of Planning and Infrastructure (DP&I) and OEH. In 2012, four permanent ecological monitoring points were set up within the Biodiversity Offset Area. All four points were assessed for their flora characteristics and ecosystem function and two of the monitoring points were also assessed for their fauna characteristics. The data collected in 2012 provided baseline data for future monitoring to be compared against and enables targeted and adaptive management procedures to be implemented to ensure the biological integrity of the Biodiversity Offset Area is maintained or improved and conserved into the future.
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Based on the results of the 2016 ecological surveys and the Biodiversity Offset Area Land Management Action Plan (LMAP) 2016-2017 (Hunter Land Management 2017), a number of management issues were identified that, if left un-managed would likely represent a threat to the biodiversity values of the Biodiversity Offset Area. These issues included:
• low to moderate density of weed species along the creek lines and vehicle tracks
• cattle access
• vertebrate pest control
• waste and
• severe creek bank erosion.
This biodiversity monitoring report presents the methods and results of the 2017 biodiversity monitoring program at the Orica Biodiversity Offset Area, including a discussion of the findings and comparisons with the results of the baseline data and subsequent monitoring surveys conducted between 2013 and 2016. Management recommendations that relate to the current monitoring phases are documented in Section 4.0.
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2.0 Methods
The following sections detail the methods employed for the 2017 biodiversity offset area monitoring program. The methods employed as part of this monitoring program are consistent with those outlined in the Vegetation Management Plan (Umwelt 2015) as well as those employed in the 2013 to 2016 biodiversity offset area monitoring programs.
The locations of the monitoring points (MP) surveyed as part of the 2017 monitoring are provided in Figure 2.1, and the coordinates for each MP are provided in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1 Coordinates of Biodiversity Offset Area Monitoring Points
Monitoring Point Name Coordinates (MGA)
Easting Northing
MP 1 362234.0 6362341.9
MP 2 362087.5 6362271.3
MP 3 361928.5 6362306.8
MP 4 361936.4 6362395.8
The flora and fauna survey for the 2017 ecological monitoring of the Orica Biodiversity Offset Area was undertaken on the 3 and 4 August, 2017. The temperature during this period ranged from approximately 7 °C to 18.7 C and 6.5mm rainfall and light winds on 3 August with winds increasing on 4 August predominantly from the north-west.
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2.1 Flora Methods
2.1.1 Floristic Surveys
Flora surveys were undertaken at all four monitoring points. The methods used were in accordance with the BioMetric field methodologies for measuring condition variables for site value and at reference sites documented in Appendix 4 of the Operational Manual for BioMetric 3.1 (DECCW 2011). A 20 metre by 50 metre permanent quadrat was established at each of the four monitoring points.
Schematic 1 illustrates the manner in which each 20 metre by 50 metre plot was established. 20m
20x20m plot
50m line transect
20m
20m
Schematic 1 Vegetation Monitoring Plot Design
The flora surveys, using the methods as outlined in the BioMetric field methodologies, (DECCW 2011) provide information on:
• floristic composition (including cover and abundance of species) and structure
• general health of vegetation (including weed density and dieback)
• evidence of natural recruitment
• presence of important habitat features such as tree hollows and nests
• evidence of feral animal usage
• signs of disturbance
• erosion and need for repair
• fire management
• success of any management programs implemented and
• other management issues.
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2.1.2 Plant Identification and Taxonomic Review
The flora specimens that were recorded or collected on-site were identified using the nomenclature and keys as described in Harden (1992, 1993, 2000 and 2002) and Wheeler et al. (2002). When the identity of flora specimens could not be otherwise determined, a sample of the specimen was sent to the Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney at the National Herbarium of New South Wales for identification. New changes to classification as identified from PlantNET (Botanic Gardens Trust 2017) were incorporated into floristic results.
The common names used in floristic results follow those used in Harden (1992, 1993, 2000 and 2002). The common names used for this report are also a reflection of local names in cases where reference documents could not provide common names.
2.1.3 Condition Assessment
For the purpose of this assessment, information was gathered on the condition of the vegetation at each of the monitoring points. Details on the general health of the vegetation, evidence of natural regeneration, identification of terrestrial and arboreal nesting and roosting sites, food and water resources, habitat structure and habitat deficiencies, occurrence and abundance of weeds and evidence of disturbance by feral animals were recorded.
2.1.4 Photo Monitoring
The metal star-pickets established in each corner of the vegetation plots were used as the permanent photo monitoring points at each monitoring point. Four photographs were taken at each monitoring point from the NE corner in MP 2, and MP 3, while photographs at MP 1 were taken from the SE corner and for MP 4 were taken from the NW corner. Photographs were oriented towards the north, east, south and west. These photos will form the baseline images in which future surveys will be compared against. Whilst the photo will aid in the broad comparisons over time, they are best used in combination with floristic data as they are unlikely to show fine scale changes on their own.
2.2 Fauna Methods
Fauna surveys were conducted at MP 1 and MP 4 during the monitoring survey (refer to Figure 2.1).
2.2.1 Diurnal Herpetofauna Survey
Diurnal herpetofauna searches were undertaken by two ecologists for 30 minutes at both MP 1 and MP 4, totalling one person hour per monitoring point. These searches were undertaken during the middle of the day when the activity level for most diurnal ectotherms should be at its highest. Likely microhabitats were examined, such as under rocks and logs, in bark at the base of trees, ground litter, around water sources and in man-made features. Reptiles were identified based on visual observation.
Opportunistic records of herpetofauna and threatened species were recorded during other aspects of the field survey.
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2.2.2 Diurnal Avifauna Survey
Diurnal avifauna searches were undertaken by two ecologists for 30 minutes at both MP 1 and MP 4 totalling one person hour per monitoring point. Bird surveys were undertaken during peak activity times mainly during the early morning and late afternoons. Birds were identified by direct sightings or by recognition of their characteristic calls. Observations were also recorded during all other aspects of the field survey.
The current monitoring surveys were conducted in winter 2017 which is a typical flowering period for many eucalypt feed trees for several threatened bird species, namely swift parrot (Lathamus discolor), regent honeyeater (Anthochaera phrygia) and little lorikeet (Glossopsitta pusilla). Feed trees within the monitoring points were carefully investigated during the diurnal avifauna survey for flowering and therefore the presence of these threatened bird species.
2.2.3 Call Playback
Call playback was undertaken on one occasion during the nocturnal surveys at MP 1 and MP 4. Calls were broadcast using a 10 watt directional loud hailer. Call playback sessions commenced and ended with a quiet listening period of approximately 2 minutes. Each species’ call was played for a minimum of four minutes followed by a listening period of 2 minutes before the beginning of the next species’ call. Mammal calls were played before bird calls to prevent the calls of predators (such as owls) decreasing the likelihood of prey species (such as gliders) responding to call playback. Call playback sessions included the calls of:
• yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis)
• koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)
• squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis)
• powerful owl (Ninox strenua)
• sooty owl (Tyto tenebricosa) and
• masked owl (Tyto novaehollandiae).
2.2.4 Nocturnal Survey
Specific nocturnal surveys were undertaken on one night at MP 1 and MP 4 targeting nocturnal herpetofauna, mammals and birds. Spotlighting was conducted by two ecologists for 30 minutes totalling one person hour at each monitoring point. Surveys were undertaken on foot using 30 watt Lightforce hand- held spotlights. Likely microhabitats were examined, such as under rocks and logs, in bark at the base of trees, ground litter, around water sources and in man-made features. Amphibian species were identified based on visual observation and vocal calls. Reptiles were identified based on visual observation.
2.2.5 Micro-bat Echolocation Survey
Micro-bat echolocation surveys were undertaken for the duration of nocturnal surveys using an Anabat SD2 detector. The detector was placed stationary in a likely flyway at the monitoring point. Approximately one hour of continuous recording was undertaken at each monitoring point.
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All recorded calls were analysed by Dr Anna McConville from Echo Ecology Pty Ltd (a recognised expert in the identification of micro-bat calls). The echolocation calls of species were identified to one of three levels of confidence:
• confident
• probable and
• possible.
For the purposes of this monitoring, all three levels of confidence were treated as positive identifications.
2.3 Ecosystem Function Assessment
An ecosystem function assessment (EFA) was undertaken at each of the four monitoring points using the OEH Biometric methodology for conservation agreements. This assessment focused on:
• management works and actions undertaken in the last 12 months
• condition assessment of native vegetation and water bodies
• fire history
• visitation
• conservation values
• feral animals
• weeds
• impacts of human use
• vehicle use and
• other permitted use.
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3.0 Monitoring Results
3.1 Flora
The floristic composition and structure of each monitoring point is outlined in the following sections, including condition assessment results. A full list of flora species recorded is provided in Appendix 1.
No threatened flora species were recorded at the monitoring points.
3.1.1 MP 1
Plate 3.1 MP 1 Photo North Plate 3.2 MP 1 Photo East
Plate 3.3 MP 1 Photo South Plate 3.4 MP 1 Photo West
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MP 1 is located in an area of Coastal Plains Smooth-barked Apple Woodland (Umwelt 2009) in the north-eastern portion of the Biodiversity Offset Area (refer to Figure 2.1). This monitoring point is dominated by smooth-barked apple (Angophora costata), grey gum (Eucalyptus punctata) and red ironbark (Eucalyptus fibrosa) in the canopy with a sub-canopy layer of prickly-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca nodosa). A sparse shrub layer (20 per cent foliage cover) is present and contains hairpin banksia (Banksia spinulosa) and tantoon (Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. polygalifolium). Groundcover is dense (up to 50 per cent foliage cover) and contains a range of native grasses including kangaroo grass (Themeda australis), blady grass (Imperata cylindrica var major), silver-top wallaby grass (Rhytidospermum pallidum) and hedgehog grass (Echinopogon caespitosus).
A total of 38 species were recorded within this monitoring point.
Table 3.1 Summary of Data Collected during Monitoring Surveys at MP1
Year of Monitoring Number of native flora Number of introduced flora Total number of species (per cent of total) species (per cent of total) flora species
2017 37 (97) 1 (3) 38
2016 44 (98) 1 (2) 45
2015 47 (96) 2 (4) 49
2014 38 (97) 1 (3) 39
2013 35(97) 1 (3) 36
2012 35 (100) 0 35
Total Number of Flora Species Recorded Since Monitoring Commencement 75
Total Number of Native Species Recorded Since Monitoring Commencement 73
Average Number of Species Recorded 40
Lowest Number of 35 (2012) Highest Number of Species 49 (2015) Species Recorded Recorded
Average Number of Introduced Species Recorded 1
Average Number of Native Species Recorded 39
General Condition
The overall condition of MP 1 was healthy with high native species diversity and natural recruitment of canopy species recorded. One weed species, flatweed (Hypochaeris radicata) was recorded within this monitoring point during the 2017 survey, comprising less than five per cent cover within the ground layer. Evidence of significant insect attack, dieback and mistletoe infestation was similarly not recorded.
There was a slight decrease in the flora species diversity between 2016 and 2017 monitoring surveys by seven species. This is not considered to be a direct measure of the condition of vegetation in this monitoring point and it is likely to be a result of timing of the monitoring surveys and natural fluctuation attributed to the relatively warm and dry winter in 2017.
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3.1.2 MP 2
Plate 3.5 MP 2 Photo North Plate 3.6 MP 2 Photo East
Plate 3.7 MP 2 Photo South Plate 3.8 MP 2 Photo West
MP 2 is located alongside the upper reaches of Surveyors Creek in the central portion of the Biodiversity Offset Area. This monitoring point is located within Lower Hunter Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest (Umwelt 2009). The canopy is moderately dense (30 per cent foliage cover) and is dominated by spotted gum (Corymbia maculata) and rough-barked apple (Angophora floribunda). The sub-canopy layer is moderately dense (30 per cent foliage cover) and is dominated by cheese tree (Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi), forest oak (Allocasuarina torulosa) and young canopy trees along the creek line. The understorey is moderately dense (30 per cent foliage cover) and is dominated by coffee bush (Breynia oblongifolia) flax- leaved paperbark (Melaleuca linariifolia), prickly-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca nodosa) and cheese tree (Glochidion ferdinandi). The ground cover is moderately dense (30 per cent foliage cover) and dominated by basket grass (Oplismenus aemulus), bracken (Pteridium esculentum) and spiny-headed mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia) close to the creek and weeping grass (Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides), blady grass (Imperata cylindrica var major), blue flax-lily (Dianella caerulea var. producta) and kangaroo grass (Themeda australis) away from the creek.
A total of 45 flora species were recorded within this monitoring point.
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Table 3.2 Summary of Data Collected during Monitoring Surveys at MP2
Year of Monitoring Number of native flora Number of introduced flora Total number of species (per cent of total) species (per cent of total) flora species
2017 42 (93) 3 (7) 45
2016 43 (91) 5 (9) 48
2015 42 (95) 2 (5) 44
2014 45 (96) 2 (4) 47
2013 42 (98) 1 (2) 43
2012 47 (96) 2 (4) 49
Total Number of Flora Species Recorded Since Monitoring Commencement 76
Total Number of Native Species Recorded Since Monitoring Commencement 71
Average Number of Species Recorded 46
Lowest Number of 43 (2013) Highest Number of Species 49 (2012) Species Recorded Recorded
Average Number of Introduced Species Recorded 3
Average Number of Native Species Recorded 44
General Condition
The overall condition of MP 2 was healthy with high native species diversity and natural recruitment recorded. Evidence of significant insect attack, dieback and mistletoe infestation was not recorded at this monitoring point. Three weed species was recorded within the monitoring point, including flatweed (Hypochaeris radicata) fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) and Senecio diaschides. These species were recorded in low density (<5 per cent cover) and occurred along the creek line and did not appear to have dispersed far into the surrounding vegetation.
Similar to the 2016 results, the creek itself is still actively widening with stream side vegetation being undercut in high flow events. Actions should be taken to lessen the flow rate in this area, as discussed further in Section 4.3.
There was a slight decrease in the flora species diversity between 2016 and 2017 monitoring surveys by three species. This fluctuation is consistent across all monitoring sites in 2017 and is not considered to be a direct measure of the condition of vegetation in this monitoring point and it is likely to be a result of timing of the monitoring surveys and natural fluctuation attributed to the relatively warm and dry winter in 2017.
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3.1.3 MP 3
Plate 3.9 MP 3 Photo North Plate 3.10 MP 3 Photo East
Plate 3.11 MP 3 Photo South Plate 3.12 MP 3 Photo West
MP 3 is located in an area of Lower Hunter Spotted Gum – Ironbark Forest (Umwelt 2009) alongside a vehicle track running east to west through the Biodiversity Offset Area. The canopy is moderately dense (40 per cent foliage cover) and dominated by a mixture of regrowth and mature red ironbark (Eucalyptus fibrosa) with scattered grey gum (Eucalyptus punctata). Although not recorded within the monitoring point, spotted gum (Corymbia maculata) did occur in the area. The sub-canopy layer is dense (to 50 per cent foliage cover); dominated by prickly-leaved paperbark (Melaleuca nodosa). The understorey is sparse (30 per cent canopy cover), dominated by coffee bush (Breynia oblongifolia) and narrow-leaved geebung (Persoonia linearis). The ground cover is dense (to 50 per cent canopy cover), dominated by blady grass (Imperata cylindrica var major), panic grass (Entolasia stricta), blue flax-lily (Dianella caerulea var. producta), and bracken (Pteridium esculentum).
A total of 44 flora species were recorded within this monitoring point.
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Table 3.3 Summary of Data Collected during Monitoring Surveys at MP3
Year of Monitoring Number of native flora Number of introduced flora Total number of species (per cent of total) species (per cent of total) flora species
2017 43 (98) 1 (2) 44
2016 44 (98) 1 (2) 45
2015 50 (96) 2 (4) 52
2014 34 (97) 1 (3) 35
2013 42 (98) 1 (2) 43
2012 37 (97) 1 (3) 38
Total Number of Flora Species Recorded Since Monitoring Commencement 80
Total Number of Native Species Recorded Since Monitoring Commencement 78
Average Number of Species Recorded 43
Lowest Number of 35 (2014) Highest Number of Species 35 (2014) Species Recorded Recorded
Average Number of Introduced Species Recorded 1
Average Number of Native Species Recorded 42
General Condition
The overall condition of MP 3 was healthy with high native species diversity and natural recruitment recorded. The mixed age range of trees within the monitoring point suggests that this monitoring point has been logged at some stage in the past but natural regeneration is progressing well with signs of successional thinning starting to occur in the vicinity of the monitoring point. Evidence of significant insect attack, dieback and mistletoe infestation was not recorded at this monitoring point.
One weed species, namely lantana (Lantana camara), was recorded within MP 3 but occurred at low densities (less than 5 per cent cover) in areas closest to the vehicle track. The lantana has been actively managed in this area since the baseline monitoring in 2012 and now exists as scattered small plants.
There was a slight decrease in the flora species diversity between 2016 and 2017 monitoring surveys by one species. This fluctuation is consistent across all sites in 2017 and is not considered to be a direct measure of the condition of vegetation in this monitoring point and it is likely to be a result of timing of the monitoring surveys and natural fluctuation attributed to the relatively warm and dry winter in 2017.
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3.1.4 MP 4
Plate 3.13 MP 4 Photo North Plate 3.14 MP 4 Photo East
Plate 3.15 MP 4 Photo South Plate 3.16 MP 4 Photo West
MP 4 is located adjacent to Surveyors Creek in a low lying area in the north-western portion of the Biodiversity Offset Area (refer to Figure 2.1). This monitoring point is situated in River-flat Eucalypt Forest (Umwelt 2009).
The canopy is open (30 per cent foliage cover) and is dominated by forest red gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis). The shrub layer is dense (60 per cent foliage cover) and dominated by green wattle (Acacia irrorata), black thorn (Bursaria spinosa) and coffee bush (Breynia oblongifolia). The ground cover is very dense (to 70 per cent foliage cover), dominated by kidney weed (Dichondra repens), basket grass (Oplismenus aemulus) and weeping grass (Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides).
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Table 3.4 Summary of Data Collected during Monitoring Surveys at Site MP4
Year of Monitoring Number of native flora Number of introduced flora Total number of species (per cent of total) species (per cent of total) flora species
2017 35 (92) 3 (8) 38
2016 40 (98) 1 (2) 41
2015 38 (93) 3 (7) 41
2014 31 (82) 7 (18) 38
2013 33 (90) 4 (10) 37
2012 33 (90) 4 (10) 37
Total Number of Flora Species Recorded Since Monitoring Commencement 69
Total Number of Native Species Recorded Since Monitoring Commencement 62
Average Number of Species Recorded 39
Lowest Number of 37 (2012/13) Highest Number of Species 37 (2012/13) Species Recorded Recorded
Average Number of Introduced Species Recorded 4
Average Number of Native Species Recorded 35
General Condition
The overall condition of MP 4 was good with high native species diversity and good succession of sub- canopy and understory species. Evidence of significant insect attack, dieback and mistletoe infestation was not recorded at this site. Consistent with previous years monitoring surveys, MP 4 contains the highest diversity and density of weed species of the four monitoring points which is likely to be the result of its topographic position in the depositional zone during times of high flow in Surveyors Creek. Management efforts have been directed to this monitoring point and the results of the 2017 monitoring survey indicate that these works have been largely successful. Refer to Section 4.1 for a detailed assessment of the management of weeds within the Biodiversity Offset Area.
There was a slight decrease in the flora species diversity between 2016 and 2017 monitoring surveys by three species This fluctuation is consistent across all sites in 2017 and is not considered to be a direct measure of the condition of vegetation in this monitoring point and it is likely to be a result of timing of the monitoring surveys and natural fluctuation attributed to the relatively warm and dry winter in 2017.
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3.2 Fauna
The sections below document the results from the targeted diurnal and nocturnal surveys and opportunistic observations. One threatened fauna species was recorded within the Biodiversity Offset Area during the 2017 surveys, being the yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis) (Figure 3.1).
3.2.1 MP 1
A total of 11 bird species, two mammal species and one amphibian species were recorded at MP 1 during the 2017 fauna monitoring surveys.
The birds recorded included white-throated treecreeper (Cormobates leucophaea), striated thornbill (Acanthiza lineata), Australian King Parrot (Alisterus scapularis), yellow-faced honeyeater (Lichenostomus chrysops), bell miner (Manorina melanophrys), Lewin’s honeyeater (Meliphaga lewinii), white-browed scrubwren (Sericornis frontalis), white-eared honeyeater (Lichenostomus leucotis), grey fantail (Rhipidura albiscapa), eastern whipbird (Psophodes olivaceus) and spotted pardalote (Pardalotus punctatus).
One amphibian was recorded at MP 1, being the common eastern froglet (Crinia signifera). No reptiles were recorded at this site.
In total, two mammal species were recorded during the 2017 field survey including the yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis) and brown antechinus (Antichinus stuartii) (refer to Appendix 2). The yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis) is listed as vulnerable under the NSW BC Act. No bats were detected on the Anabat SD2 detector in MP1. Whilst this is an anomaly, micro-bat activity is highly influenced by the prevailing weather conditions, particularly temperature, rainfall and wind speed. The surveys undertaken are a snapshot sample and recording no bat activity during this sampling period is not considered to be concerning cannot be attributed to a decline in habitat quality.
The location of threatened fauna species identified during the surveys is shown in Figure 3.1. A complete list of all fauna species recorded at MP 1 is provided in Appendix 2. Table 3.5 below summarises the results of the past and current fauna monitoring results at MP1.
Table 3.5 Summary of Data Collected during Monitoring Surveys at Site MP1
Year of Number of Number of Number of Number of Total Number Monitoring Bird Species Reptile Amphibian Mammal of Fauna (Number of Species Species Species species Threatened (Number of (Number of (Number of (Number of Species) Threatened Threatened Threatened Threatened Species) Species) Species) Species) 2017 11 (0) 0 1 (0) 2 (1) 14 (1) 2016 15 (1) 2 (0) 1 (0) 4 (1) 22 (2) 2015 17 (0) 1 (0) 1 (0) 5 (1) 24 (1) 2014 15 (0) 0 1 (0) 4 (1) 20 (1) 2013 21 (0) 1 (0) 1 (0) 5 (2) 28 (2) 2012 16 (0) 1 (0) 0 5 (0) 22 (0) Total Number of Pest Species Identified 0
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Year of Number of Number of Number of Number of Total Number Monitoring Bird Species Reptile Amphibian Mammal of Fauna (Number of Species Species Species species Threatened (Number of (Number of (Number of (Number of Species) Threatened Threatened Threatened Threatened Species) Species) Species) Species) Total Number of Native Species Recorded Since Monitoring Commencement 55 Total number of Threatened Species Recorded Since Monitoring Commencement 4 Average Number of Species Recorded 22 Lowest 20 (2014) Highest Number of Species 14 (2017) Number of Recorded Species Recorded
Overall, the 2017 monitoring has the lowest amount of fauna species since monitoring began in 2012. This is likely attributable to the less favourable weather conditions for detecting fauna compared to the weather conditions of 2016 when the highest number of fauna was recorded. In 2016, the temperature during the survey period ranged from approximately 14 °C to 21 °C with no rainfall and very light winds. However in 2017, the temperature ranged from 7 °C to 18.7 °C and with 6.5mm of rainfall with light to moderate winds. Whilst, overall drop in species diversity is not considered reflective of a drop in habitat quality, further investigations will be required in future years if number recorded remain low or continue to decline.
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3.2.2 MP 4
A total of 22 bird species, two amphibian species, one reptile species and two mammal species were recorded at MP 4 during the 2017 fauna monitoring surveys.
The birds recorded included species such as fan-tailed cuckoo (Cacomantis flabelliformis), white-throated treecreeper (Cormobates leucophaea), wonga pigeon (Leucosarcia picata), striated thornbill (Acanthiza lineata), spotted pardalote (Pardalotus punctatus), golden whistler (Pachycephala pectoralis), Lewin’s honeyeater (Meliphaga lewinii), eastern yellow robin (Eopsaltria australis) and white-browed scrubwren (Sericornis frontalis). One threatened bird species were recorded at MP 4 in the 2017 monitoring surveys being the little lorikeet (Glossopsitta pusilla).
Two amphibian species was recorded within MP 4 during the 2017 fauna monitoring surveys being eastern common froglet (Crinia signifiera) and whirring tree frog (Litoria revelata). No reptile species were recorded.
A total of two mammal species were recorded during the surveys. These included two non-threatened native species, namely common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps). No bats were detected on the Anabat SD2 detector in MP4. This is consistent with the result from MP1 and is attributed to the prevailing weather conditions. .
The location of threatened fauna species identified during the surveys is shown in Figure 3.1. A complete list of all fauna species recorded at MP 4 is provided in Appendix 2. Table 3.6 below summarises the results of the past and current fauna monitoring results at MP4.
Table 3.6 Summary of Data Collected during Monitoring Surveys at Site MP4
Year of Number of Number of Number of Number of Total Number Monitoring Bird Species Reptile Amphibian Mammal of Fauna (Number of Species Species Species species Threatened (Number of (Number of (Number of (Number of Species) Threatened Threatened Threatened Threatened Species) Species) Species) Species 2017 22 (1) 2 (0) 1 (0) 2 (0) 27 (1) 2016 15 (0) 1 (0) 2 (0) 4 (1) 22 (1) 2015 22 (0) 1 (0) 3 (0) 7 (2) 33 (2) 2014 18 (0) 0 2 (0) 8 (1) 28 (1) 2013 17 (0) 1 (0) 5 (0) 8 (5) 31 (5) 2012 26 (2) 2 (0) 4 (0) 9 (0) 41 (2) Total Number of Pest Species Identified 3 Total Number of Native Species Recorded Since Monitoring Commencement 67 Total number of Threatened Species Recorded Since Monitoring Commencement 8
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Year of Number of Number of Number of Number of Total Number Monitoring Bird Species Reptile Amphibian Mammal of Fauna (Number of Species Species Species species Threatened (Number of (Number of (Number of (Number of Species) Threatened Threatened Threatened Threatened Species) Species) Species) Species
Average Number of Species Recorded 30
Lowest 22 (2016) Highest Number of Species 41 (2012) Number of Recorded Species Recorded The diversity of fauna species recorded in 2017was comparable to that recorded during the 2012 baseline surveys and subsequent monitoring surveys from 2013 to 2016.
3.3 Ecosystem Function Assessment
An EFA was undertaken at each of the four monitoring points and documented using the OEH Monitoring Report Form (Appendix 3).
The outcomes of these condition assessments have been used to recommend management opportunities in Section 4.0.
3.3.1 Native Vegetation Condition Assessment
All monitoring points assessed as part of the monitoring program are considered to be in healthy condition and do not require additional management at this stage, in accordance with the condition rating provided in the OEH Condition Assessment Native Vegetation (refer to Appendix 3).
There is an existing Land Management Action Plan (LMAP) being applied to the Biodiversity Offset Area. The LMAP 2017-18 report describes the number of weed control practices being undertaken within the site (HLM 2017). The methods include physical removal of weeds as well as the use of herbicide. The current plan sees the weed control practices to continue through till the end of June 2018 (HLM 2017).
3.3.2 Water Bodies Condition Assessment
The stream present within MP 2 and MP 4 requires a water body condition assessment and was undertaken in accordance with the EFA methodology. Both monitoring locations were rated as healthy despite a considerable amount of bank erosion at both. A condition rating of ‘Healthy’ means that the water bodies at MP 2 and MP 4 do not require additional management.
Both MP 1 and 3 did not support a water body; therefore a ‘Water Bodies Condition Assessment’ was not conducted at either of these two sites.
There has been no change in condition of the water bodies at the MP 2 and MP 4 monitoring points between 2012 when the baseline data was collected and in 2017 when the current field surveys were conducted. Despite both MP 2 and 4 scoring the highest condition classification possible, ongoing management of bank erosion is necessary and will lead to an increased quality of the Biodiversity Offset Area. This issue is discussed in more detail in Section 4.3.
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The LMAP 2017-18 report described above includes a stream remediation plan which will continue until continue through till the end of June 2018 (HLM 2017).
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4.0 Management Issues
Several biodiversity management issues were identified during monitoring. These include the presence of invasive and noxious weeds, signs of feral fauna and extensive erosion of creeks within the Biodiversity Offset Area.
4.1 Weeds
Five weed species were recorded within monitoring points of the Biodiversity Offset Area in 2017 compared to the seven recorded when baseline data was collected in 2012. Those species recorded in 2017 were:
• lantana (Lantana camara)
• Paddy’s lucerne (Sida rhombifolia)
• cobblers pegs (Bidens pilosa)
• flatweed (Hypochaeris radicata) and
• fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis).
The dominant weed recorded within the Biodiversity Offset Area was lantana (Lantana camara) which is highly invasive if left unmanaged. The current distribution of lantana within the Biodiversity Offset Area is confined to the creek lines or areas adjoining access and recreational tracks, where disturbance has occurred.
Consistent with observations made during previous monitoring surveys, the lantana has been subject to herbicide control (especially within the monitoring points). The density of Lantana across the Biodiversity Offset Area has greatly reduced since management started in 2013 however ongoing monitoring is needed as this species is continuing to persist.
Ongoing control of lantana, as well as a number of other weed species that have been recorded within the Biodiversity Offset Area is planned to continue until the end of June 2018 within the current LMAP (HLM 2017). This will prevent further infestations of these species occurring as well as aiming to reduce their current extent.
The remainder of weed species were unevenly distributed across the remainder of the Biodiversity Offset Area with areas in the north-east containing low to moderate densities of weeds (refer to Figure 4.1). The vehicle tracks continue to be associated with higher densities of weeds with cobblers pegs (Bidens pilosa) and flatweed (Hypochoeris radicata) commonly found adjacent to the tracks, however the densities of these species have reduced considerably since weed management began in 2013.
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4.2 Pest Species
The biodiversity offset area is considered to contain a low density of pest fauna species, predominately wild dogs. This is based on the observations of tracks and scats along the tracks. Footprints of feral dogs were recorded at Surveyors Creek at MP 4 during the 2017 monitoring survey. Orica has since engaged an external contractor to undertake a targeted baiting and shooting program for wild dogs. During the 2017 monitoring period signs to the access track indicated wild dog and fox baiting was currently being undertaken using 1080 baiting.
4.3 Erosion
4.3.1 Waterways
Significant erosion of stream banks was identified within the Biodiversity Offset Area during the baseline surveys in 2012, and was observed to lower the watercourse by more than 2 metres in some locations (refer to Plate 4.1). Gully erosion was recorded was a key management issue in 2014 -2016 and remains a key management issue in 2017.
Plate 4.1 Severe stream bank erosion near MP 2 in 2015 (left) and 2017 (right) showing increased erosion
The current LMAP has incorporated some of the recommendations provided in previous biodiversity monitoring reports (Umwelt 2013/2014/2015/2016) and the current LMAP (HLM 2017) includes a plan to remediate the impacts of creek erosion through continuation of the stream remediation plan through to the end of June 2018. Management actions could include the construction of appropriate stream structures and bank stabilisation measures and provisions for ongoing monitoring. In addition to this, Orica will be working with NPWS to remediate the head cut which is located upstream of the monitoring site within the Sugarloaf SCA.
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4.3.2 Access Tracks
Since the baseline monitoring data was collected in 2012, the conditions of access tracks within the Biodiversity Offset Area have been improving in sections. This is likely to be a result of securing perimeter fencing. Originally the tracks were showing signs of rill erosion, as well as disturbance by unauthorised vehicular access (primarily motorbikes).
Unauthorised access by vehicles appears to have stopped completely however some of the tracks continue to be scoured by water runoff, resulting in rill erosion. Although the vehicular movements that caused the erosion has stopped, the track may require remediation to prevent excess sediment loading of the nearby ephemeral drainage line.
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5.0 Summary
The ecological surveys undertaken within the Biodiversity Offset Area during 2017 provides the fifth round of annual monitoring data that can be directly compared with the baseline data collected in 2012. The ecological monitoring surveys also included the annual reporting required for the conservation agreement with OEH.
5.1 Flora
No threatened flora species have been recorded at any of the monitoring points or at any other locations within the Biodiversity Offset Area by Umwelt during the baseline surveys or subsequent monitoring surveys in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 or 2017.
The general condition of the vegetation within the Biodiversity Offset Area was generally of good quality with a moderate diversity of species across the four monitoring points. Weed invasion by lantana (Lantana camara) is of most concern due to the highly invasive nature of the species. Lantana typically becomes a dominant species in riparian areas, along tracks and previously disturbed areas, and generally requires management and control to prevent modification of the environment in which it occurs.
Since the 2012 baseline field surveys of the Biodiversity Offset Area, the majority of the lantana has reduced in extent following active control (refer to Section 4.1).This control action occurred as recommended following the 2012 monitoring field survey and is described within the current LMAP (HLM 2017). The Biodiversity Offset Area no longer has ‘high density weed’s however ‘low density weeds’ and ‘medium density weed’s still persist on site. Weed management activities within the Biodiversity Offset Area will occur until the end of June 2018 (HLM 2017).
5.2 Fauna
A total of nine threatened species have been recorded in the Biodiversity Offset Area. The threatened species recorded, including the year, are provided below:
• east coast freetail bat (Mormopterus norfolkensis) – 2013
• eastern bent-wing bat (Miniopterus schreibersii oceansis) – 2013
• large-eared pied bat (Chalinolobus dwyeri) – 2012 and 2013
• little bent-wing bat (Miniopterus australis) – 2012, 2013, 2015 and 2016
• little lorikeet (Glossopsitta pusilla) – 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016 and 2017
• masked owl (Tyto novaehollandiae) – 2012 and 2016
• squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) – 2013
• yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis) – 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2017 and
• yellow-bellied sheathtail bat (Saccolaimus flaviventris) – 2012.
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Fauna habitat resources are relatively abundant within the Biodiversity Offset Area with most areas providing high quality perching, foraging and nesting habitat for forest birds, understorey providing for refuge and foraging habitat for a range of small birds and mammals and fallen timber providing valuable refuge for small animals, amphibians and reptiles. A high proportion of the canopy species are winter flowering eucalypts, including spotted gum and forest red gum. These species, among others, provide a valuable food source for critically endangered migratory birds known to occur in the local area in winter including the swift parrot (Lathamus discolor) and regent honeyeater (Anthochaera phrygia).
A total of 51 threatened species have been recorded within 10 kilometres of the Biodiversity Offset Area (OEH 2017) however this encompasses a large expanse of contiguous forest habitat contained within Sugarloaf State Conservation Area (SSCA). The Biodiversity Offset Area adjoins SSCA and offers similar habitat on a smaller scale. Given the number of threatened species (nine) recorded in a ‘snap-shot’ fauna survey within the Biodiversity Offset Area and the connectivity to SSCA, it is considered that many more threatened fauna species are likely to occur within the Biodiversity Offset Area on at least an intermittent basis.
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6.0 Conclusions and Recommendations
The ecological surveys undertaken within the Biodiversity Offset Area during 2017 provides the fifth round of annual monitoring data at Orica’s Richmond Vale property. The data can be directly compared with the monitoring data collected in 2013-2016 and the baseline data collected in 2012. Only minor changes to the diversity of flora species were recorded at MP 1 to MP 4.The slight changes in flora species diversity recorded within the monitoring points is most likely a result of weather during the 2017 monitoring period and natural fluctuations in the diversity and abundance of species between sampling periods which is expected in such a dynamic biological system. No threatened flora species were recorded in 2012-2017 monitoring surveys.
The vegetation condition classification remained the same (healthy category) for all monitoring sites.
A total of nine threatened fauna species been recorded in the Biodiversity Offset Area. No additional threatened fauna species were recorded during the 2017 monitoring surveys. One previously recorded threatened fauna species, being the yellow-bellied glider was recorded in the latest round of monitoring surveys.
During the ecological surveys, a number of management issues were identified that, if left unmanaged, will likely represent a threat to the biodiversity values of the Biodiversity Offset Area. These issues include:
• low density of weed species along the creek lines and vehicle tracks
• severe creek bank erosion and
• wild dogs and foxes.
In order to maintain or improve the biodiversity value of the Biodiversity Offset Area, it is recommended that:
• the weed management works described in the current LMAP (HLM 2017) be undertaken until the end of June 2018. The condition and extent of weed species within the Biodiversity Offset Area should be re-assessed and the ongoing management of weeds should be extended as necessary
• unauthorised vehicle access continues to be prohibited. Since the baseline monitoring data was collected in 2012, the occurrence of unauthorised vehicles and related disturbance within the Biodiversity Offset Area has decreased. In 2017 no sign of disturbance from unauthorised vehicles was recorded during the monitoring surveys. The current LMAP (HLM 2016) identifies that ongoing management of the perimeter fencing and access points is due to occur until the end of March 2017
• erosion and sediment control measures continue to be implemented across the Biodiversity Offset Area targeting areas of existing erosion and potential high water flow areas as described within the current 2017-2018 LMAP (HLM 2017)
• further consultation with upstream land owners to implement a creek erosion remediation plan to restrict further creek widening and vegetation loss within the Biodiversity Conservation Area.
There is sufficient evidence to suggest that the current biological values of the Biodiversity Offset Area are being managed in an appropriate manner. Ongoing management is critical to ensuring that this trend continues and that the diversity of flora and fauna species, quality and condition of the native vegetation and water bodies is maintained or enhanced within the Biodiversity Offset Area. This is likely to continue being achieved through the implementation of the current LMAP (HLM 2017).
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7.0 References
Anstis, M (2002). Tadpoles of South-eastern Australia. Reed New Holland, Sydney.
Barker, J, Grigg, G C & Tyler, M J (1995). Field Guide to Australian Frogs. Surrey Beatty & Sons, Sydney.
Botanic Gardens Trust (2017). PlantNET – The Plant Information Network System of Botanic Gardens Trust, Sydney, Australia (version 2.0).
Cogger, H G (2000). Reptiles & Amphibians of Australia. Reed Books, Chatswood.
Cronquist, A (1981). An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. Columbia University Press, New York.
Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW (DECCW) (2011). Operational Manual for BioMetric 3.1. Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water, NSW Sydney
Harden, G J editor (1992). Flora of New South Wales. Volume 3. New South Wales University Press and Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney.
Harden, G J editor (1993). Flora of New South Wales. Volume 4. New South Wales University Press and Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney.
Harden, G J editor (2000). Flora of New South Wales. Volume 1. 2nd edition. New South Wales University Press and Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney.
Harden, G J editor (2002). Flora of New South Wales. Volume 2. Revised edition. New South Wales University Press and Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney.
Hunter Land Management Pty Ltd (2016). Biodiversity Offset Area – Land Management Action Plan 2017- 18. Orica Mining Services – Kurri Kurri NSW – September 2016.
Hunter Land Management Pty Ltd (2017). Biodiversity Offset Area – Land Management Action Plan 2017- 18. Orica Mining Services – Kurri Kurri NSW – August 2017.
Menkhorst, P and Knight, F (2004). A field guide to the Mammals of Australia, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne.
Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) (2017). NSW BioNet – the website for the Atlas of NSW Wildlife. Accessed August 2017.
Robinson, M (1998). A Field Guide to Frogs of Australia. Australian Museum/Reed New Holland, Sydney.
Slater, P, Slater, P and Slater, R (2003). The Slater Field Guide to Australian Birds. Weldon Publishing, Sydney.
Swan, G, Shea, G & Sadlier, R (2004). A Field Guide to Reptiles of New South Wales. Reed New Holland, Sydney.
Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited (2009). Environmental Assessment – Proposed Ammonium Nitrate Emulsion (ANE) Production Facility, and Continued Operation of Orica Mining Services Technology Centre, Richmond Vale, NSW.
ORICA RICHMOND VALEBIODIVERSITY OFFSET AREA MONITORING REPORT – 2017 References 3614_R03_Biodiversity Offset Area_V2 31
Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited (2012a). Biodiversity Offset Area Vegetation Management Plan – 2012. Report prepared for Orica Mining Services.
Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited (2012b). Orica Richmond Vale Biodiversity Offset Area Monitoring Report – 2012. Report prepared for Orica Mining Services.
Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited (2013). Orica Richmond Vale Biodiversity Offset Area Monitoring Report – 2013. Report prepared for Orica Mining Services.
Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited (2014). Orica Richmond Vale Biodiversity Offset Area Monitoring Report – 2014. Report prepared for Orica Mining Services.
Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited (2015). Orica Richmond Vale Biodiversity Offset Area Monitoring Report – 2015. Report prepared for Orica Mining Services.
Umwelt (Australia) Pty Limited (2016). Orica Richmond Vale Biodiversity Offset Area Monitoring Report – 2015. Report prepared for Orica Mining Services.
Van Dyck, S and Strahan, R (2008). The Mammals of Australia: Third Edition. Australian Museum – Reed New Holland, Sydney.
Weigel, J (1990). Australian Reptile Park’s Guide to Snakes of South-East Australia. Weigel Postscript.
Wheeler, D J B, Jacobs, S W L and Whalley, R D B (2002). Grasses of New South Wales. 3rd edition. The University of New England, Armidale.
Wilson, S and Swan, G (2003). A Complete Guide to Reptiles of Australia. Reed New Holland, Sydney.
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APPENDIX 1 Flora List
Flora Species List The following list was developed from surveys of the monitoring plots detailed in Section 2.1 of the main report. It includes all species of vascular plants observed from Monitoring Points 1 to 4 during the baseline fieldwork in 2012 and all subsequent monitoring surveys in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017. Not all species are readily detected at any one time of the year, therefore the list will not necessarily include all plant species likely to occur in the monitoring points. Many species flower only during restricted periods of the year, and some flower only once in several years. In the absence of flowering material, many of these species cannot be identified, or even detected.
Names of classes and families follow a modified Cronquist (1981) System.
The following abbreviations or symbols are used in the list:
sp. specimens that are identified to genus level only;
? specimens for which identification was uncertain;
asterisk (*) denotes species not indigenous to the Biodiversity Offset Area;
subsp. subspecies;
f. forma; and
var. variety.
All vascular plants recorded or collected were identified using keys and nomenclature in Harden (1992, 1993, 2000 & 2002) and Wheeler et al. (2002). Where known, changes to nomenclature and classification have been incorporated into the results, as derived from PlantNET (Botanic Gardens Trust 2017), the on- line plant name database maintained by the National Herbarium of New South Wales.
Common names used follow Harden (1992, 1993, 2000 & 2002) where available, and draw on other sources such as local names where these references do not provide a common.
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Family Scientific Name Common Site MP1 Site MP2 Site MP3 Site MP4 Name 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17
Filicopsida (Ferns)
Adiantaceae Adiantum common 2 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 aethiopicum maidenhair
Adiantaceae Adiantum Rough 1 1 1 hispidum maidenhair fern
Adiantaceae Cheilanthes 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 1 1 sieberi subsp. sieberi
Dennstaedtiaceae Pteridium bracken 4 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 3 3 1 esculentum
Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea lacy wedge 1 microphylla fern
Magnoliopsida (Flowering Plants) - Liliidae (Monocots)
Anthericaceae Arthropodium vanilla lily 2 milleflorum
Commelinaceae Commelina native 1 1 cyanea wandering Jew
Cyperaceae Carex appressa tall sedge 1 3 1 2 3 2
Cyperaceae Cyperus sp. 1
Cyperaceae Gahnia aspera rough saw- 3 1 3 2 2 2 sedge
Cyperaceae Gahnia clarkei tall saw- 2 3 2 2 sedge
Cyperaceae Gahnia sp. 2 1
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Family Scientific Name Common Site MP1 Site MP2 Site MP3 Site MP4 Name 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17
Hypoxidaceae Hypoxis 1 hygrometrica var. villosisepala
Hypoxidaceae Hypoxis pratensis 2 1 var. pratensis
Hypoxidaceae Hypoxis sp. 2
Juncaceae Juncus sp. 1 1
Lomandraceae Lomandra glauca pale mat- 2 2 2 2 2 rush
Lomandraceae Lomandra spiny- 1 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 2 longifolia headed mat-rush
Lomandraceae Lomandra many- 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 filiformis subsp. flowered filiformis mat-rush
Lomandraceae Lomandra 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 obliqua
Lomandraceae lomandra 1 1 1 multiflora ssp multiflora
Lomandraceae Lomandra sp. 1 3
Luzuriagaceae Geitonoplesium scrambling 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 cymosum lily
Orchidaceae Acianthus pixie caps 2 2 2 1 forniatus
Orchidaceae Caladenia lady fingers 1 1 1 1 catenata
Orchidaceae Calochilus sp. 1
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Family Scientific Name Common Site MP1 Site MP2 Site MP3 Site MP4 Name 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17
Orchidaceae Chiloglottis ant orchid 1 formicifera
Orchidaceae Cymbidium suave 1 1 1
Orchidaceae Prasophyllum short-lipped 1 brevilabre leek orchid
Orchidaceae Pterostylis tall 2 longifolia greenhood
Orchidaceae Pterostylis nodding 1 1 1 1 nutans greenhood
Orchidaceae Pterostylis 1 1 1 2 pedunculata
Phormiaceae Dianella caerulea blue flax-lily 2 2 2 var. cinerescens
Phormiaceae Dianella caerulea 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 1 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 var. producta
Phormiaceae Dianella 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 longifolia
Poaceae *Andropogon whiskey 2 virginicus grass
Poaceae Aristida sp. 2
Poaceae Aristida vagans threeawn 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 speargrass
Poaceae Cymbopogon barbed wire 1 4 1 refractus grass
Poaceae Digitaria sp. 1
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Family Scientific Name Common Site MP1 Site MP2 Site MP3 Site MP4 Name 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17
Poaceae Echinopogon bushy 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 caespitosus hedgehog- grass
Poaceae Echinopogon forest 3 3 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 ovatus hedgehog grass
Poaceae Echinopogon sp. 4
Poaceae Entolasia stricta wiry panic 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 3 2 2 2 1
Poaceae Entolasia 1 1 marginate
Poaceae Eragrostis brown's 2 brownii lovegrass
Poaceae Eragrostis sp. 1 4 2 2 2 1
Poaceae Imperata 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 4 3 3 3 cylindrica
Poaceae Microlaena 3 4 4 3 3 5 4 2 2 3 4 3 4 4 4 stipoides var. stipoides
Poaceae Oplismenus 1 1 4 2 4 2 2 1 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 1 aemulus
Poaceae Oplismenus 2 2 1 2 4 3 2 2 2 imbecillis
Poaceae Oplismenus sp. 2
Poaceae Panicum similie 1 2 2 1
Poaceae Paspalidium 1 1 1 1 distans
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Family Scientific Name Common Site MP1 Site MP2 Site MP3 Site MP4 Name 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17
Poaceae *Paspalum paspalum 1 dilatatum
Poaceae Paspalum water couch 2 distichum
Poaceae Rhytidosperma wallaby 2 4 4 4 4 3 pallidum grass
Poaceae Themeda kangaroo 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 1 1 australis grass
Magnoliopsida (Flowering Plants) - Magnoloodae (Dicots)
Acanthaceae Brunoniella blue 1 1 1 australis trumpet
Acanthaceae Pseuderanthemu pastel 2 3 1 2 1 3 2 2 2 m variabile flower
Apiaceae Centella asiatica pennywort 1 1 5 1 4 3 2 2
Apiaceae Hydrocotyle stinking 2 laxiflora pennywort
Apiaceae Hydrocotyle 1 1 2 1 1 1 peduncularis
Apocynaceae Parsonsia common 1 straminea silkpod
Araliaceae Polyscias elderberry 1 1 sambucifolia panax
Asteraceae *Ageratina crofton 2 2 2 adenophora weed
Asteraceae *Bidens pilosa cobbler's 4 3 1 1 1 pegs
Asteraceae *Conyza sp. fleabane 2 1 1
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Family Scientific Name Common Site MP1 Site MP2 Site MP3 Site MP4 Name 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17
Asteraceae cisium vulgare Spear 1 thistle
Asteraceae hiton japonicus cud weed 1
Asteraceae *Hypochaeris flatweed 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 2 1 radicata
Asteraceae Lagenophora slender 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 gracilis lagenophora
Asteraceae Lagenifera 1 1 1 1 1 stipitata
Asteraceae Ozothamnus white 3 1 1 1 2 diosmifolius dogwood
Asteraceae Ozothamnus sp. 1 1
Asteraceae *Senecio 1 1 diaschides
Asteraceae *Senecio fireweed 1 1 1 1 1 madagascariensi s
Asteraceae Sigesbeckia Indian weed 1 2 2 2 1 orientalis subsp. orientalis
Asteraceae Vernonia cinerea 1 1 1 1
Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina forest oak 3 3 4 3 3 3 torulosa
Celastraceae Maytenus narrow- 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 3 2 2 3 silvestris leaved orangebark
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Family Scientific Name Common Site MP1 Site MP2 Site MP3 Site MP4 Name 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17
Clusiaceae Hyprericum small St. 1 gramineum John’s wort
Convolvulaceae Dichondra repens kidney weed 4 3 3 2 2 2 5 3 3 3 3 3 5 4 4 4 4 4
Convolvulaceae Polymeria 1 1 calycina
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia aspera rough 2 2 4 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 guinea flower
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia 1 1 pedunculata
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia climbing 1 1 1 scandens guinea flower
Dilleniaceae Hibbertia sp. 2
Epacridaceae Lissanthe peach heath 3 2 2 1 1 strigosa
Epacridaceae Leucopogon 1 1 1 juniperinus
Ericaceae Acrotriche 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 divaricata
Euphorbiaceae Breynia coffee bush 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 oblongifolia
Euphorbiaceae Glochidion cheese tree 3 3 3 2 3 3 ferdinandi
Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus 2 2 2 2 1 1 hirtellus
Fabaceae Daviesia ulicifolia gorse bitter 1 1 1 (Faboideae) pea
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Family Scientific Name Common Site MP1 Site MP2 Site MP3 Site MP4 Name 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17
Fabaceae Desmodium 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 (Faboideae) rhytidophyllum
Fabaceae Desmodium slender tick- 1 1 2 2 3 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 (Faboideae) gunnii trefoil
Fabaceae Dillwynia retorta 1 1 (Faboideae)
Fabaceae Glycine 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 (Faboideae) clandestina
Fabaceae Glycine tabacina 2 2 2 1 2 (Faboideae)
Fabaceae Hardenbergia false 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 3 2 2 1 (Faboideae) violacea sarsaparilla
Fabaceae Mirbelia Heathy 1 (Faboideae) rubiifolia Mirbelia
Fabaceae Pultenaea chaffy bush 2 2 2 2 (Faboideae) paleacea pea
Fabaceae Acacia elongata swamp 1 (Mimosoideae) wattle
Fabaceae Acacia irrorata green wattle 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 3 3 3 3 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia longifolia 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 1 1 (Mimosoideae)
Fabaceae Acacia 1 1 (Mimosoideae) parvipinnula
Geraniaceae Geranium 2 1 1 1 homeanum
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Family Scientific Name Common Site MP1 Site MP2 Site MP3 Site MP4 Name 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17
Goodeniaceae Goodenia 2 1 heterophylla
Goodeniaceae Goodenia 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 rotundifolia
Goodeniaceae Goodenia sp. 2 1 1 2
Haloragaceae Gonocarpus sp. 1
Haloragaceae Gonocarpus 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 tetragynus
Lobeliaceae Pratia whiteroot 4 3 4 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 5 2 4 3 2 1 5 2 3 3 3 1 purpurascens
Luzuriagiaceae Eustrephus wombat 2 1 latifolia berry
Malvaceae *Malva sylvestris tall mallow 1 1
Malvaceae Sida corrugata 2 2 3 2
Malvaceae *Sida rhombifolia paddy's 1 3 3 3 1 lucerne
Menispermaceae Stephania snake vine 2 2 2 3 japonica
Moraceae Ficus coronate Sandpaper 1 spin fig
Myrtaceae Angophora Sydney 3 3 3 3 3 3 costata red/rusty gum
Myrtaceae Angophora rough- 1 3 2 2 2 2 floribunda barked apple
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Family Scientific Name Common Site MP1 Site MP2 Site MP3 Site MP4 Name 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17
Myrtaceae Callistemon stiff 2 3 2 2 2 2 rigidus bottlebrush
Myrtaceae Corymbia spotted gum 4 4 4 4 4 4 maculata
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus red ironbark 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 fibrosa
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus white 2 2 2 globoidea stringybark
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus grey paniculata ironbark
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus grey gum 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 4 3 3 2 punctata
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus forest red 6 4 4 4 4 4 tereticornis gum
Myrtaceae Eucalyptus 2 2 3 2 3 2 umbra
Myrtaceae Leptospermum 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 1 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 polygalifolium
Myrtaceae Leptospermum 1 1 1 1 1 1 trinervium
Myrtaceae Melaleuca 2 2 1 1 decora
Myrtaceae Melaleuca 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 linariifolia
Myrtaceae Melaleuca 4 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 5 5 5 3 3 5 nodosa
Oleaceae Jasminum stiff jasmine 1 volubile
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Family Scientific Name Common Site MP1 Site MP2 Site MP3 Site MP4 Name 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17
Oleaceae Notelaea large mock 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 longifolia olive
Oxalidaceae Oxalis exilis 2 2 3 2
Oxalidaceae Oxalis perennans 1 1 1
Oxalidaceae Oxalis sp. 1 1
Passifloraceae Passiflora sp. 1
Pittosporaceae Billardiera appleberry 2 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 1 scandens
Pittosporaceae Bursaria spinosa native 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 blackthorn
Pittosporaceae Pittosporum orange 2 1 multiflorum thorn
Plantaginaceae Plantago lamb’s 1 lanceolata tongue
Proteaceae Banksia hairpin 2 2 2 2 2 spinulosa banksia
Proteaceae Persoonia narrow- 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 linearis leaved geebung
Ranunculaceae Clematis aristata old man's 2 2 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 beard
Ranunculaceae Clematis headache 1 glycinoides vine
Ranunculaceae Clematis sp. 2
Rosaceae *Rubus blackberry 1 1 1 fruiticosus complex
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Family Scientific Name Common Site MP1 Site MP2 Site MP3 Site MP4 Name 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17
Rosaceae Rubus parviflorus native 1 1 1 raspberry
Rubiaceae Asperula common 2 1 conferta woodruff
Rubiaceae Asperula sp. 1
Rubiaceae Galium sp. 1 1 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 2
Rubiaceae Opercularia 1 1 1 1 1 diphylla
Rubiaceae Morinda sweet 1 1 1 1 jansminoides morinda
Rubiaceae Pomax umbellata 2 2 1 1 1 1
Sapindaceae Dodonaea large-leaf 1 2 2 triquetra hop-bush
Scrophulariaceae Eremophila winter apple 1 1 1 debilis
Scrophulariaceae Veronica plebeia trailing 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 speedwell
Solanaceae Duboisia corkwood 2 1 1 2 2 myropoides
Solanaceae Solanum Narrawa 1 2 2 cinereum burr
Solanaceae Solanum 1 2 1 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 prinophyllum.
Stylidiaceae Stylidium trigger plant 1 1 graminifolium
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Family Scientific Name Common Site MP1 Site MP2 Site MP3 Site MP4 Name 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17
Ulmacaea Trema Native 1 1 tomentosa var peach aspera
Verbenaceae *Lantana camara lantana 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 3 2 2
Vitaceae Cayratia slender 2 1 1 1 clematidea grape
Vitaceae Cissus antarctica water vine 2 1 1 1 1 1
Total Number of Species 33 36 38 49 45 38 45 42 47 44 46 45 38 42 35 52 45 44 35 36 38 41 41 38
Total Number of Introduced Species 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 3 2 4 3 0 1 1 2 1 1 5 6 7 3 1 3
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APPENDIX 2 Fauna List
Fauna Species List
The following list was developed from surveys of the Orica Biodiversity Offset Area detailed in Section 3.2 of the main report. It includes all species of vertebrate fauna observed at the Orica Biodiversity Offset Area during fauna monitoring fieldwork in 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017.
The following abbreviations or symbols are used in the list: asterisk (*) denotes species not indigenous to the study area; and
V Vulnerable under the Schedules of the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016(BCBC Act) or Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).
Birds recorded were identified using descriptions in Slater et al. (2003) and the scientific and common name nomenclature of Birdlife Australia. Reptiles recorded were identified using keys and descriptions in Cogger (2000), Swan et al. (2004), Weigel (1990) and Wilson & Swan (2003) and the scientific and common name nomenclature of Cogger (2000).
Amphibians recorded were identified using keys and descriptions in Cogger (2000), Robinson (1998), Anstis (2002) and Barker et al. (1995) and the scientific and common name nomenclature of Cogger (2000). Mammals recorded were identified using keys and descriptions in Van Dyck & Strahan (2008), and Menkhorst & Knight (2004) and the scientific and common name nomenclature of Van Dyck & Strahan (2008).
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Scientific Name Common Name Conservation MP1 MP4 Opportunistic Status
BC Act EPBC Act 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 13 14 15 16 17 REPTILES Agamidae Physignathus eastern water lesueurii dragon Scincidae Lampropholis grass skink delicata Saiphos equalis three-toed skink Total Reptile 1 1 - 1 2 2 - - 1 1 - - Species AMPHIBIANS Myobatrachidae Crinia signifera common eastern froglet Limnodynastes striped marsh peronii frog Limnodynastes spotted marsh tasmeniensis frog Litoria revelata whirring tree frog Pseudophryne red-backed coriacea toadlet Hylidae Litoria fallax dwarf green tree frog
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Scientific Name Common Name Conservation MP1 MP4 Opportunistic Status
BC Act EPBC Act 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 13 14 15 16 17 Litoria broad-palmed latopalmata rocket frog Litoria tyleri Tylers tree frog Litoria verreauxii Verreaux’s frog Total Amphibian Species - 1 1 1 1 4 5 2 3 2 - - BIRDS Phasianidae Coturnix brown quail ypsilophora Columidae Leucosarcia wonga pigeon melanoleuca Macropygia brown cuckoo- amboinensis dove Podargidae Podargus tawny strigoides frogmouth Caprimulgidae Eurostopodus white-throated mystacalis nightjar Aegothelidae Aegotheles Australian cristatus owlet-nightjar
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Scientific Name Common Name Conservation MP1 MP4 Opportunistic Status
BC Act EPBC Act 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 13 14 15 16 17 Falconidae Falco longipennis Australian Hobby Cacatuidae Eolophus galah roseicapilla Psittacidae Alisterus Australian king scapularis parrot Glossopsitta little lorikeet V pusilla Platycercus crimson rosella elegans Platycercus eastern rosella eximius Trichglossus rainbow lorikeet haematodus Cuculidae Eudynamys common koel orientalis Cacomantis fan-tailed flabelliformis cuckoo
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Scientific Name Common Name Conservation MP1 MP4 Opportunistic Status
BC Act EPBC Act 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 13 14 15 16 17 Tytonidae Tyto masked owl V novaehollandiae Alcedinidae Todiramphus sacred sanctus kingfisher Dacelo laughing novaeguineae kookaburra Hirundinidae Hirundo neoxena welcome swallow Climacteridae Cormobates white-throated leucophaeus treecreeper Maluridae Malurus cyaneus superb fairy- wren Malurus lamberti variegated fairy wren Acanthizidae Acanthiza yellow-rumped chrysorrhoa thornbill Acanthiza lineata striated thornbill Acanthiza nana yellow thornbill
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Scientific Name Common Name Conservation MP1 MP4 Opportunistic Status
BC Act EPBC Act 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 13 14 15 16 17 Acanthiza pusilla brown thornbill Acanthiza buff-rumped reguloides thornbill Gerygone mouki brown gerygone Gerygone white-throated olivacea gerygone Sericornis white-browed frontalis scrubwren Smicrornis weebill brevirostris Pardalotidae Pardalotus spotted punctatus pardalote Pardalotus striated striatus pardalote Meliphagidae Philemon noisy friarbird corniculatus Acanthorhynchus eastern spinebill tenuirostris Phylidonyris niger white-cheeked honeyeater Lichenostomus yellow-faced chrysops honeyeater Lichenostomus fuscous fuscus honeyeater
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Scientific Name Common Name Conservation MP1 MP4 Opportunistic Status
BC Act EPBC Act 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 13 14 15 16 17 Lichenostomus white-eared leucotis honeyeater Lichenostomus yellow-tufted melanops honeyeater Manorina noisy miner melanocephala Manorina bell miner melanophrys Meliphaga lewinii Lewin’s honeyeater Melithreptus brown-headed brevirostris honeyeater Melithreptus white-naped lunatis honeyeater Myzomela scarlet sanguinolenta honeyeater Psophodidae Psophodes eastern olivaceus whipbird Campephagidae Coracina black-faced novahollandiae cuckoo-shrike Pachycephalidae Colluricincla grey shrike- harmonica thrush
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Scientific Name Common Name Conservation MP1 MP4 Opportunistic Status
BC Act EPBC Act 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 13 14 15 16 17 Pachycephala golden whistler pectoralis Pachycephala rufous whistler rufiventris Artamidae Cracticus pied butcherbird nigrogularis Gymnorhina Australian tibicen magpie Strepera pied currawong graculina Accipitridae Aquila audax wedge-tailed eagle Rhipiduridae Rhipidura rufous fantail rufifrons Rhipidura grey fantail fuliginosa Corvidae Corvus coronoides Australian raven Petroicidae Eopsaltria eastern yellow australis robin Petroica rosea rose robin
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Scientific Name Common Name Conservation MP1 MP4 Opportunistic Status
BC Act EPBC Act 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 13 14 15 16 17 Zosteropidae Zosterops silvereye lateralis Estrilididae Neochmia red-browed temporalis finch Total Bird Species 16 21 15 17 15 26 18 18 22 15 4 5 11 2 MAMMALS Vombatidae Vombatus ursinus common wombat Petauridae Petaurus australis yellow-bellied V glider Petaurus brevipes sugar glider Petaurus squirrel glider V norfolcensis Phalangeridae Trichosurus common vulpecula brushtail possum Pseudocheiridae Pseudocheirus common ringtail peregrinus possum
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Scientific Name Common Name Conservation MP1 MP4 Opportunistic Status
BC Act EPBC Act 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 13 14 15 16 17 Macropodinae Macropus Eastern grey giganteus kangaroo Macropus red-necked rufogriseus wallaby Wallabia bicolor swamp wallaby Dasyuridae Antechinus brown stuartii antechinus Emballonurdae Saccolaimus yellow-bellied V flaviventris sheathtail bat Molossidae Mormopterus east coast V norfolkensis freetail bat Mormopterus eastern freetail sp.2 Bat Miniopteridae Miniopterus little bent-wing V australis Bat Miniopterus Eastern bent- V schreibersii wing bat oceansis
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Scientific Name Common Name Conservation MP1 MP4 Opportunistic Status
BC Act EPBC Act 12 13 14 15 16 17 12 13 14 15 16 17 13 14 15 16 17 Vespertilionidae Chalinolobus large-eared pied V V dwyeri bat Chalinolobus Gould’s wattled gouldii bat Chalinolobus chocolate morio wattled bat Vespadelus eastern forest pumilus bat Vespadelus little forest bat vulturnus Rhinolophidae Rhinolophus eastern megaphyllus horseshoe bat Bovidae *Bos taurus European cattle Canidae *Canis lupus domestic dog familiaris *Vulpes vulpes red fox Total Mammal species 5 5 4 5 4 9 8 8 7 4 2 1 3 4
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APPENDIX 3 OEH Data Sheets
Newcastle Perth Canberra Sydney Brisbane
75 York Street PO Box 783 PO Box 6135 50 York Street Level 11 Teralba NSW 2284 West Perth WA 6872 56 Bluebell Street Sydney NSW 2000 500 Queen Street First Floor O’Connor ACT 2602 Brisbane QLD 4000 9 Havelock Street West Perth WA 6005
Ph. 02 4950 5322 Ph. 08 6260 0700 Ph. 02 6262 9484 Ph. 1300 793 267 Ph. 1300 793 267 www.umwelt.com.au