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Kasvavaa Yhteyttä Kasvavaa yhteyttä Julistus kirkosta, eukaristiasta ja virasta Suomalaisen luterilais-katolisen dialogikomission raportti Kasvavaa yhteyttä Julistus kirkosta, eukaristiasta ja virasta Suomalaisen luterilais-katolisen dialogikomission raportti Suomen evankelis-luterilainen kirkko Katolinen kirkko Suomessa Helsinki 2017 Kasvavaa yhteyttä Julistus kirkosta, eukaristiasta ja virasta Suomalaisen luterilais-katolisen dialogikomission raportti © Suomen evankelis-luterilainen kirkko Katolinen kirkko Suomessa Englanninkielisen dialogiraportin Communion in Growth. Declaration on the Church, Eucharist, and Ministry Suomennos: Tiina Huhtanen, Ilmari Karimies, Tomi Karttunen, Katri Tenhunen (suomennoksen tarkistus) Ulkoasu: Unigrafia / Hanna Sario Taitto: Emma Martikainen Kannen kuva: Heikki Jääskeläisen valokuva Joensuun piispan Arsenin pyhää Henrik Marttyyriä, Suomen ensimmäistä piispaa esittävästä ikonista ISBN 978-951-789-591-0 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-789-592-7 (PDF) Grano Kuopio 2017 SISÄLLYS Johdanto .......................................................................................................... 7 Yhteinen julistus vanhurskauttamisopista ja tie eteenpäin ............................ 7 Julistuksen tavoite ja metodi ........................................................................ 9 I KIRKKO YHTEYTENÄ KOLMIYHTEISESSÄ JUMALASSA 1. Kommuunio-ekklesiologia yhteisenä viitekehyksenä ................................... 13 2. Kirkon sakramentaalinen luonne ................................................................ 18 3. Yhteinen käsitys kirkosta ............................................................................ 22 3.1. Kirkko jumalallisen pelastuksen välineenä ja merkkinä ....................... 22 3.2. Vanhurskauttaminen ja kirkon sakramentaalinen elämä ..................... 22 3.3. Yhteys ja missio Dei ........................................................................... 23 3.4. Kirkko Kristuksessa ikään kuin sakramentti ....................................... 23 3.5. Kirkko jumalallisesta ja inhimillisestä näkökulmasta ........................... 24 3.6. Näkyvä ja kätketty kirkko ja kirkon näkyvät merkit ........................... 25 3.7. Yksi, pyhä, katolinen ja apostolinen kirkko ....................................... 27 3.8. Aina puhdistumisen tarpeessa (semper purificanda), sekoittunut ruumis (corpus permixtum) ...................................................................... 28 3.9. Kasteen vastavuoroinen tunnustaminen ............................................. 28 3.10. Kaste ja pyhitys ............................................................................... 29 3.11. Kirkon apostolinen missio jumalanpalveluksena, todistuksena ja palveluna ................................................................................................... 30 3.12. Kirkko ristin alla ............................................................................. 30 3.13. Yhteinen eskatologinen toivomme .................................................... 31 4. Ykseys kutsunamme ja tehtävänämme ........................................................ 31 II EUKARISTINEN YHTEYS 1. Yleistä sakramenteista ................................................................................ 33 1.1. Jeesus Kristus alkusakramenttina ja kirkko sakramentaalisena viite- kehyksenä .................................................................................................. 33 1.2. Yhteinen käsitys sakramenteista .......................................................... 37 1.3. Reformaatioajan yleiset oppituomiot sakramenteista uudessa valossa .. 39 1.3.1. Sakramenttien perustavat osat ................................................ 39 1.3.2. Sakramenttien vaikutus toimittamisen perusteella (ex opere operato) ja uskon tärkeys (sola fide) .................................................. 42 1.3.3. Tiettyjen sakramenttien toistamattomuus ................................ 44 1.3.4. Valtuutus toimittaa sakramentteja ........................................... 45 1.3.5. Liturgisten muotojen vaihdeltavuus ......................................... 45 2. Eukaristia ................................................................................................... 46 2.1. Eukaristian raamatullinen perusta ...................................................... 46 2.2. Yhteinen käsitys eukaristiasta .............................................................. 48 2.2.1. Eukaristia hengellisen elämän ja voiman lähteenä uskovalle ja kirkolle .............................................................................................. 48 2.2.2. Eukaristia Kristuksen ainutkertaiseen ja riittävään uhriin perustuvana uhrina ............................................................................ 50 2.2.3. Koko Kristuksen läsnäolo eukaristiassa .................................... 55 2.2.4. Epikleesin löytäminen uudelleen ............................................. 57 2.2.5. Jakamattoman kirkon liturginen traditio yhteisenä perintönä .. 58 2.2.6. Eukaristian vieton johtaa vihitty pappi .................................... 60 2.2.7. Kommuunio molemmissa muodoissa ...................................... 62 2.2.8. Muita kohtia, joista on yksimielisyys ....................................... 63 2.2.9. Lähentyminen yhteisessä käsityksessä eukaristisen läsnäolon kestosta .............................................................................................. 64 2.3. Eukaristiaa koskevien oppituomioiden poistamista kohti .................... 65 2.3.1. Oppituomioiden haaste: Trenton kirkolliskokous esimerkkinä ...................................................................................... 65 2.3.2. Oppi transsubstantiaatiosta (Canones de Eucharistia 1–11) ..... 67 2.3.3. Kommuunio molemmissa muodoissa ja pienten lasten eukaristia (Canones de Communione sub utraque Species et Parvulorum 1–4) ............................................................................... 70 2.3.4. Messu uhrina (Canones de Missae Sacrificium 1–9) ................ 70 2.4. Johtopäätökset .................................................................................... 72 III KIRKKOYHTEISÖ JA SAKRAMENTAALINEN VIRKA 1. Viran raamatullinen ja historiallinen tausta................................................. 73 1.1. Virka Uudessa testamentissa ............................................................... 73 1.2. Patristinen aika: yhteys kommuunion, tradition ja suksession välillä ... 78 1.3. Keskiaika: lännen suuri skisma ja Konstanzin kirkolliskokous............. 80 1.4. Reformaatioaika ................................................................................. 82 1.5. Piispanvirka ja paavius Vatikaanin I kirkolliskokouksesta lähtien ........ 84 2. Yhteinen käsitys virasta .............................................................................. 86 2.1. Yhteinen pappeus ja vihkimysvirka ..................................................... 86 2.2. Vihkimysvirka: oleellinen osa kirkon sakramentaalisuutta .................. 88 2.2.1. Sakramentaalinen vihkimys sanan ja sakramenttien palveluksessa ...................................................................................... 88 2.2.2. Virkaan vihkimisen perusosat .................................................. 90 2.2.3. Luterilainen näkökulma katoliseen vihkimyskäsitykseen Roomalaisessa pontifikaalissa vuodelta 1990 ...................................... 91 2.2.4. Katolinen näkökulma luterilaiseen vihkimyskäsitykseen Suomen evankelis-luterilaisen kirkon kirkollisten toimitusten kirjassa vuodelta 2003 ................................................................................... 92 3. Diakoninvirka ............................................................................................ 93 4. Yhteinen käsitys piispanvirasta.................................................................... 96 4.1. Sakramentaalinen piispallinen vihkimys sanan, rukouksen ja kätten päällepanemisen kautta ............................................................................. 96 4.2. Piispanvirka apostolisessa suksessiossa merkkinä uskollisuudesta jumalalliselle missiolle ............................................................................. 100 4.3. Sakramentaalinen ja historiallinen toisiaan täydentävinä näkökulmina apostolisuuteen ....................................................................................... 100 4.4. Piispojen auktoriteetti ...................................................................... 102 4.5. Piispanvirka kirkon apostolisen mission palveluksessa....................... 105 4.6. Piispanvihkimyksen apostolinen ulottuvuus ..................................... 107 5. Pietarinvirka kirkon kokonaisuuden ja ykseyden palveluna ....................... 109 5.1. Apostoli Pietarin jumalallinen missio ja pietarinvirka tänään ............ 109 5.2. Ykseyden virka ................................................................................. 111 5.3. Pietarinvirka koko kirkon apostolisuuden yhteydessä ....................... 113 5.4. Rooman piispan piispanvirka ........................................................... 115 5.5. Tehtävä suojella evankeliumin vapautta ja kristillisen uskon perustavia totuuksia ................................................................................................. 116 6. Virkaa koskevien oppituomioiden poistamista kohti ................................. 118 7. Asioita tuleviin keskusteluihin .................................................................. 125 8. Johtopäätökset .........................................................................................
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