1Z ~ LIBR ~ 0 ill e l5..IJ I NF B MATIOl\T Vol. II No.3 Quezon City, Philippine October 1974

In this issue:

The Philippine Population-1985 I 2/PSSC Social Science Information October 19741

Editor's notes

The conservatives usually cry very the working hours of labourers will be leaders always meddle with it. Their object, loudly against the rapid mechanisation reduced to half. The reduction in the ive is always to serve the interests of their brought about by the use of advanced .working hours will. certainly, have to be party and not the welfare of labourers. types of scientific technology. The fact is effected. keeping in view the demand for that the mechanisation under a capitalistic the commodities and the availability of ******** framework means more misery and labour resources. unemployment to the common people and The proper use of science, under the The aspiration to become rich by ex­ hence the objection from the conservative collective economic set up will only bring ploiting others is a sort of mental malady. camp. The mechanlsation applied in the forth human welfare. It may well be just In fact,if the eternal hunger of the human I public welfare without hitting the possible that owing to mechanisation no soul does not find the real path leading to I capitalistic framework has to be opposed, one will have to undergo labour for more mental and spiritual wealth, it becomes; because with the double increase in the than five minutes a week. Being not always engaged in the work of depriving others of yield of a machine the requirement of engrossed in the anxiety about grains and human labour will decrease by half clothes,there will be no misuse of their their rights by robbing them of their reo consequently capitalists retrench labourers mental and spiritual resources. They will be sources more than what is required in this mercilessly. A few optimists can, however, able to devote more time to sports, literary material world. If any member of a joint remark "under the pressure of discourses and moral and spiritual pursuits. family seizes the food materials from the circumstances, men will find out the ways store by application of mental or physical . force, he certainly becomes the cause of for absorbing the surplus labourers ;n ******** aifferent jobs and the very attempt of misery to others. Similar is the case when a finding out such means will accelerate the capitalist says; "We have seized wealth by scientific progress. So the ultimate effect The trade union movement is essentially intelligence and labour. If others have the of mechanisation brought about under required for safeguarding the interests mental and physical potentialities they capitalism is rather good". This view labourers and for this proper steps should may do it. Who objects to it?" They do though not .useless has got no practical be taken in order to let it flow in a right not want to realise that the volume of the value for it is never practicable to make the channel. Generally, it is observed that the commodities is limited whereas the require­ necessary arrangement to find jobs for the leaders of this movement do not try to ments is common to all. In most of the retrenched labourers, as rapidly as they are make labourers conscious of their spheres the abundance in one individual's lead~ thrown out of employment due to speedy responsibilities with the same spirit they case to the reduction in morsels in mechanisation. The unemployed labourers try to create in them the sense of their the case of others (or leads to taking the are ruined, bit by bit, due to poverty and demands and rights. The best way to avoid bread out of the mouth of others). Not to hunger. A few of them try to keep their this mal·adjustment is the clear acceptance understand this common necessity of all is souls .and bodies together by of the rights of labourers in the rnanaqe­ a mental ailment. But the people afflicted with this malady' indulging in theft, robbery, corruption and ment of industry and business. other different sorts of anti-social In this direction, mere propagation of are also members of this vast human activities. This situation ii, certainly, not ideology or sermonising some text will not family and consequently, they are our desirable. But there is no possibility of be of much value. There is another great brothers. Therefore, they will have to be such reaction in a collective economic set defect in the general trade union move­ cured of this disease by either making up. There, the mechanisation will mean less ments: - that its leadership does not reo humanitarian appeals or by exerting pres­ labour and more of comforts. With double main in the hands of true labourers. With sure of circumstances. If will be a great· increase in the productivity of machines, party interest at their hearts, political crime even tothinkof their destruction. ~ Social Science lS.IJ INFORlJliI. TION

Staff: The PSSC is a nonstock nonprofit, pri- The PSSC Executive Board for 1974·75 are .vate association of Philippine social Armand V. Fabella, chairman: Lo;etta M. Dennis G. Teves, editor science organizations. Incorporated in Sicat, vice-chairman; OscarM, Alfonso, sec­ Leni S. Diaz 1968, it was NSDB·certified as a tax­ retary-treasurer; and Rodolfo A. Bulatao, Rebecca T. Ducusin exempt science foundation in 1973. Mercedes B. Concepcion, Consuelo L. The Council has since January 1972 Gutierrez, Raul P. de Guzman, Gloria D. A quarterly newsletter published by the . been engaged in 13 special programs of Feliciano, Patricia B. Licuanan, Telesforo PHILIPPINE SOCIAL SCIENCE COUN· research, training, and publications W. Luna, Jr., Frank Lynch, Cristina P. CIL (PSSC)· 53 - C Roces Avenue, assistance aimed at making Philippine Parel and Emy M. Pascasio, members. Quezon City, P.O. Box 655, Greenhills, social science more professional, rele· Executive Secretary is Dennis G. Teves. Rizal 3113. Tel. No. 99·97·64. vant, and rewarding. j PSSC Social Scie'nce Information October 1914/3

Readers' comer Calendar PSSC public' service

Oct. 26 - Benitez Memoriel Lecture Series at the Correspondence UP Abelardo Hall, 8:30·11:30 a.m. The PSSC Social Science tnformanonr is Speakers: Or. Waldo Perfecto on "New carrying two public service features, the Place­ Perspectives In Vocational Technical ment Service and the Announcements Service. Readers are invited to write in their com­ Education" and Bro. Andrew Gonzales on for the convenience of its readers and other ments. suggestions and queries to the editor "The Constitution and the Language interested parties. with the hope of establishing a forum for the Policy:' The Placement Service hopes to alleviate exchange of ideas among readers. the lack of information on job opportunities Letters published reflect the views of the Nov ,4-e Institute on Agrarian Laws at Bo- in the different social science disciplines correspondents and their publicetion does not cobo Hall. U.P. Dillman. SponlOr: U.P. Lew through a listing of curriculum vitae of profes­ necessarily signify endorsement of the views Center sionals as well as students who might wish to by the PSSCSoc/al Science Information. seek positions in the social science fields. En- Nov. ~g - First Asian Ragional Conference on ,tries are coded to prevent the unnecessary dlis~ Training and Developmiht to be held at the closure of applicants' identities, so that candi­ Philippine Village Hetal, Sponsors: dates in the Placement Service need not be Philippine Society for Training and concerned about losing their present posi­ PSSC placement service Devalopment, UP Institute of Small-Scale tions. Industries. National Manpower and Youth The Announcement Servi,ce seeks to help Council, Development Academy of the Phil­ social scientists and social science institutions Ippines and the Population Commisslo,n. who might wish to submit announcements on Positions open grants. seminars, information needed, re­ Nov. 16 - Benitez Memorial Lecture Series at the searches. etc., of particu lar interest to social UP Abelardo Hall, 8:30 to 11:30 a.m.Spgak· scientists in general. Staffassistant ers: Dr. Licerla Brillantes Soriano on "The These services are being offered free of Constitution and Non-Formal Education" charge. Please send information to: Research assistant and Or. Jaime C. Laya on "Education for * College graduate, major in Sociology or in Economic Self-Sufficiency." any of the Beh8\lioral Sciences The Editor • Preferably with experience, 2-3 years Nov. 20-Dec. 11 - Three-week live-in workshoP PSSCSocial Science Information • Contact: for young workers on·population educetlon et 53-C. RocesAvenue Quezon City the UP Asian l.abor Education Center. Spon­ Mr. Mac Rivera sors: International l.abor Organization (lLO) Philippine Business for Social Progress Individuals seeking employment through and Asian l.abor Education Center (Al.EC). Yutivo Bldg., 254 Dasmarmas the PSSC Placement Service should send the Manila Dec. ~ - Panel at the Western Conference for following lnforrnation. Name/mailing address/' Asian Studies on the subject: "The United sex/civil status/age/phone number: Educa­ Politica/Science tnstruetor» States and the Philippines: That Special tional background: highest degree/major fieldl *M.A. Political Science or advanced graduate Relationship' ". Sponsor: Arizona State Un~ of study/institution/year degree was granted:: student In Political Science verslty, Tempe. Position wanted desired field (specific disci­ pline in social science)/position preferred (e.g.. *Send letters of appllcetion together. with Dec. 7- Benitez Memorial Lecture Series at the transcript of records and latters of UP Abelardo Hall. 8:3Q.11:30 am, Speaker: teaching, research, etc.)/minimum acceptable references to: Ambassador LeticljiR. Shahanl on ''The salaryldate available. Constitution and Education for Civic Re. Social science institutions with vacancies ponslbilltv," are requested to submit details about course: Mrs. Aveline So Stilacup or job description. rank or title of position, Department ofSoc/al Selene. department or discipline involved, training or' u.P. iJt Los Ballas specialization required. salary range and other: College, Laguna information which would be helpful to indivi­ Announcements duals seeking employment. Positions wanted Researcher/Fieldworker. Male. AB Psychology FAPE announces grants on .and counseling, Taft Ave. (for those in the metro­ 1973, FEU. Training: Approaches to Human guidance and counselling politan area); at the Cebu Psychological Center In Development, Institute of Social Order; Account­ Cebu City .and the Educational Test Center im ing, Executive Academy of the Philippines. Ten scholarship grants, to be awarded by the Davao City. for those in the Visayas and Mim· Fund for Assistance to Private Education danao areas. ResearcherlSecretary. Female, single, 24. UP (FAPEl, await c;feserving members of recognized Interested parties may seek further inquiries BSEd History Major. Experience; SUbstitute private institutions all over the country. from Dr. Leticia Asuzano, department chairman Teacher in History, High school recorder; sec­ The scholarships are intended specifically for or Teresita de Guzman, administrative assistant, retary, receptionist. Skills: Typing - 50-55 wpm, the training of college personnel in guidance and graduate department of guidance and counseling. steno~0-75 words per minute. counseling who. at the end of a 14-month pro­ De La Salle College, Manila. gram. will h8\le obtained a master of science de­ Research Assistant Female, single, 24 years old. gree in guidanca and counseling. AB Psychology, FEU. To qualify for the grant, the applicant must NIU Southeast Asia program be a Filipino citizen, a member of the faculty or guidance staff of recognized private institutions of higher learning, sponsored and endorsed by The Center for Southeast Asian Studies Itl Northern illinois University (NIU) In cooperationl Institutions and individuals may the institution where he is employed and must fulfill the requirements for admission to the MS with Nilfs College of Businass has made arrange-, send partiCUlars to: in guidance program of De La Salle College. ments to enable students pursuing the M.S.inl Admission tests will be administered on the Business Administration (with a major in lnter­ co~, Placement Service following dates: Nov. 9 and Dec. 14, 1974; Jan. national Business) to earn a Southeast Asian 53-C, Roces Ave., a.c. 18 and Feb. 8, 1975 from 8 a.rn, to 12 noon at centration. the De La Salle College department of guidance Tum to page 24 4!PSSC Social Science Information October 1974

The Philippine population·1985

Mercedes B. Concepcion

George Orwell's much read book, B.etween 1960 and 1970, average age as an effect of the current concern with 1984, is concerned with the future in a at marriage was reported to have in­ the effect of population growth on the striking way. The book projects man's creased; the proportion of women re­ quality of life. . future in terms of political and moral maining single increased and birth rates Net international migration is as­ philosophies. The future is also an impor­ may probably have declined. As a result, sumed to be still inconsequential as a tant part of a demographer's task. By the reported average intercensal rate of factor for growth, at least for the period measuring the past and the present, the population growth showed a decline from under discussion. demographer differs from Orwell in that the previous intercensal period rate of Even if there should be a drop in he deals in facts - precise numbers of growth of 3.06 per cent to 3.01 per cent. fertility rate during the coming years, the people, exact physical boundaries, specific However, total marital fertility during the­ population growth will remain at high ages, etc. Because the demographer deals past ten years has not declined and is levels because of the increasing proportion in numbers, he is, in a way, highly ac­ estimated at an average of about 7 child­ of women entering the childbearing ages. countable for what he says and writes. ren per every married woman. Let us examine the facts and figures The unchanging levels of fertility Expected changes for evidence regarding our future. How may mean that any gains derived from much are we likely to grow as a nation in lower age-specific fertility rates among in geographic distribution the next 11 years? What will be the older women are more than offset by the The most significant geographic shifts distribution of population by residence, sharp increases among women, 15-24. in population, from a national viewpoint. by age, and by other important character­ Most of these women have indicated their are those which have taken place and istics? preference for about 4 children, on the which are expected to occur in the cen­ average. It could mean that they have Expected population growth: 1970·1985 tral cities and suburbs of metropolitan decided to have all of these children areas. In the Ph ilippines, one out of every during the 'early childbearing period so five inhabitants lives in a city. Those In 1972, the Bureau of the Census that once the desired number of children residing in cities of 100,000 persons or and Statistics (now the National Census is attained, they may put a stop to fur­ more account for 14 per cent of the total and Statistics Office) prepared three series ther childbearing. Thus.. many population population or two thirds of the total city of population projections based on a analysts hope that this pattern of child­ population. In 1960,the corresponding sample of the unadjusted returns from the bearing exhibited by the younger women proportion in cities of this size was 13 1970 Census of population. Underlying portends a possible future fertility dec­ per cent; in 1948, around 12 per cent these projections was the assumption that line. (Pascual: t972). completed fertility would range as fol­ Available evidence seems to indicate Taking the city boundaries defined in lows: that the Philippine population in 1985 the 1970 census. the population in cities may well be between 55-60 million per­ * 5.96 children per woman through­ constituted 62 per cent of the urban sons. This would represent an increase of out the projection period for the population in 1970; 66 per cent in 1960 18 to 23 million people over the 1970 high series (rate of the 1965-70 and 72 per cent in 1948. From these enumerated population of about 37 mil­ period) • figures, it is apparent that there is a lion persons. The number of births should * 5.12 children per woman by 1985 slowing down in the rates of growth of run between 1.5 to 2.4 million per year for the medium series (decline of 14 cities relative to the rest of the urban and the rate of population increase should per cent from 1965-70 period) population. be between 2.0 to 3.2 per cent annually, * 4.28 children per woman by 1985 In general overall city growth was assuming that current fertility levels will forthe low series Idecl ine of 28 per higher than the national population rate continue to 1985 or drop to lower levels cent from 1965-70 period) for 1948-1960 and 1960-1970. For the earlier intercensal period, 1948-1960, the Above is the full text of a speech delivered by Mercedes B. Concepcion at the A.ian Science rates of. city growth ranged from 1.3 per Writers' Seminar held at the Loyola House in cent in Manila to 12.2 per cent in Quezon Angono, Rizal early this year. City. The rates for this period were' also The author is a professor at and concurrently marked ly higher than in recent years, I dean of the Population Institute, University of the 1960-1970, for most categories. Philippines. She is also a council member of the International Union for the Scientific Study on A trend toward decreasing pro­ Population and has represented the country in minence of the largest city, Manila, has r various international conferences abroad. She been apparent since 1948. The percentage holds the distinction of being the first woman of the total population found in this representative to preside over the 17th Session of primate city was smallest in 1970. \ the UN Population. At the same tima, she is also I' I a member of the PSSC Executive Board. Quezon City, the second largest city, She obtained her Ph. D; in Sociology (Demo­ showed a four-fold increase from 0.6 per graphy) from the University of Chicago In ·1960. cent in 1948 to 2.1 per cent in 1970. In She was. conferred the degree of Doctor of 1948, the population of Manila was 9 Humane letters, Honoris Causa by the Ateneo de Manila University in 1970. times that of Quezon City; at the last census the ratio declined to 2. PSSC Social Science Information October 197'4/5

Cities varying in size between growth in alternate growth centers away of a million marriages have been reported 100,000 and 500,000 showed a con­ from large urban masses will act as major annually. This is expected to remain at sistently rising trend over time. Smaller deterrent to rural-urban movements or the about the same level for the next decade sized cities manifested a declining trend rush' to the nation's metropolitan centers. or so. It is likely, therefore, that some during the period 1948-1970. Much remains to be done to ascertain 250,000 new dwelling units per year will A striking feature of urban develop­ the reasons for exceptional growth and be required to accommodate these new ment in this country is its high concen­ the probable future for each area. Data households which will be formed in the I from the economic census may serve as a coming years. Any appreciable increase in tration in Metropolitan Manila, including I both the city of Manila and the adjacent basis for evaluating the viabil ity of private housing standards, the replacement of I areas. enterprise in each potential growth center. dilapidated dwellings and sub-standard The total population of Metropolitan Those kinds of business which tend to be housing, and the initiation of a trend for I Manila in 1970 comprising the 5 cities of associated with areas of unusual growth unmarried people to set up their own Manila, Quezon, Caloocan, Pasay and may be identified in this way. quarters will increase the demand for Cavite and 22 municipalities of Rizal, housing even more. Bulacan, Laguna and Cavite, was Expected changes in age composition and Some of the major trends in age dis­ 4,363. 387 persons spread over 832 sq. household formation: 1970-1985 krn, of land area. This metropolis alone tribution have been considered in the constituted well over a third of the total Should fertility decline to 4.28 preceding paragraphs. The accent has been urban population, Relative to the national children per woman in 1985, the largest on the adolescents, These trends will have density of 123 per sq. krn., the density of increase in population will be found an important impact in the next 11 years this metropolitan area, 5,244 per sq. krn., among the adolescents, 10-14 years of . on school enrollments. With constant fer­ tility. the number of elementary schaol is stagger ing. age. Nearly a seventh of the total increase Looking 11 years ahead, this is how in population, 2.4 million, will be contri­ pupils will continue to rise by 1985 as some demographers view 1885: If re­ buted by this age group. Major changes the survivors of past births enter the cent trends continue, it is to be expected will also be exhibited by the .two school-going ages. High school enrollment that one out of every 4 inhabitants in youngest age groups, infants and young is expected to change relatively little these islands will be found residing in the children, 0-9. Altogether, children below during the period. However, the impo­ cities. If the growth of population in 15 years of age would form nearly a third sition of the college entrance examination Metropolitan Manila continues, then (32.4%) of the total increase in popu­ requirement on all youngsters of college about half of the total urban population lation expected by 1985. The remaining age is bound to affect the enrollment at would be found in this metropolis as age groups wi II not be affected by decl ine this third level. defined above. With large absolute in­ in reproductive performance over the If fertility were to be reduced by creases in the numbers of persons living in period. nearly three-tenths of the 1965-1970 rural areas, a faster tempo of urbanization The most significant fact about the level, then the burden of providing elem­ due to higher rates of net internal expected change in age composition under entary education to youngsters 5-14 migration is expected. declining fertility conditions is in the would not be as heavy as that ex isting In discussing growth, one can look number of children under 5 in 1985. With under constant fertility conditions. at the factors contributing to population fertility unchanged, the expected survivors It is obvious that, if Philippine' increase of individual provinces. Popu­ will number some 10.3 million, or 17 per society is to have the ability to handle lation growth in the majority of places is cent of the total population in 1985. If the numbers of young people who expect affected more by the excess of births over however, fertility rates were to decrease to attend school, we not only need more deaths than by internal migration. Ob­ •during this period, the number of young facilities and faculties but farsightedl viously, therefore, the greatest absolute children in this age group would only be vision and understanding on the part of growth now and in the future will be about 7.5 million, representing a drop of the public if we are to plan adequately for expected to occur in the most populous 28 per cent from constant fertility levels. 1985. The corresponding decrease in the school provinces. But if those provinces which With all these predictions' about the age population, 5-14 years, would be 1.8 have gained population thru net migration Filipino people and where they are going, M children (15.9 M as against 14.1M). are examined, we now find and can ex­ perhaps it is time to take stock and begin There will be a proportionate increase in pect in the future that the following a new search - not for more quantity in the population of marriageable ages, provinces will attract the greatest number life, but for balanced and purposefull 15-49, under this lower fertility assurnpt­ of migrants: Nueva Vizcaya in the north­ growth. This search will be conducted irn icn. The meaning is clear. Even with a east, Bulacan and Rizal in Central Luzon, an environment where we will see con­ fertility decline over the period, Occidental Mindoro in Southern Luzon, tinued expansion of suburbs but at the 1970-1985, the impact would be felt Agusan (North and South). Bukidnon, same time, new growth centers. A big most in the pre-school ages, 0-4. The Cotabato (South and the remainder). and need to build more elementary and high increased proportion of marriageable per­ Oavao (North, East and South). Batanes, schools and the necessity to prepare for sons would not necessarily imply an in­ Catanduanes, the Mountain Province and greatly expanding college enroltrner.i crease in the number of marriages owing to some extent, Eastern Samar, Ilocos beyond 1975. For the present while to the increasing proportions of the Sur, and Negros Occidental can expect efforts to defuse the population bomb population remaining single. continued out-migration of their popu­ continue to escalate, there will still be Under lower fertility conditions, lation to other areas of the cou ntry. more youngsters added to our population therefore, we would anticipate the same At this point, it is imponant to rate of household formation and relatively by 1985. Each and everyone of us is recognize that regional development plans fewer births during the next 11 years. inescapably involved in the problems the with a deliberate policy of encouraging Over the past few years, roughly a quarter next 11 years will bring. I I 6/ PSSC Social Science Information October 1974 r

Summary of the discussions of the UNESCO's Round Table on social research policy and organizations Henning Friis The increasing national and international towards the social sciences. . countries will limit libertv of research and interest in science policy and organization There are apparent differences bet­ diminish the resources for developmental has only recently begun to encompass the ween the disciplines. Economists produce research,' but that there are also opposite social sciences. While several countries, 'hard facts' which are accepted as relevant trends which promote research, such as an advanced and less advanced, have accept­ to government planning and they often increasing number of social scientists and ed the need for planned development of act in advisory capacities. Other social the view 'in very influential circles of the natural and technological sciences, the scientists often deal with problems which world opinion that the development of social sciences either have not usually in many countries are not in the centre of the poor and dependent countries cannot been included under science policies or government concern.Whether they want it be carried out without large structural occupy a fringe position. As a result, in a or not, sociologists and psychologists are reforms.' period of over-all increase in resources for generally outside the planning process. In Japan, where much co-operation . scientific research, resources for the social When they step outside their scientific has occurred between the social scientists sciences have fallen behind and are by role thi!y tend to be more outspokenly and big business, a good deal of contro­ any standards very meagre aod scattered critical an~ to adopt more utopian view­ versy has arisen in this connection and in most countries. Such lack of support is points than is usual among economists. As many scientists tend to stand aloof from also reflected at the international level, a participant from the United States 'the Establishment' or assume a critical since funds. for social· science through remarked: 'Social scientists in government role towards it. international and regional organizations must choose between being influential, Several participants reported in­ are very limited. maintaining public silence on points of creasing interests in closer relations bet­ The state of the social sciences is of disagreement or being outspoken, exhi­ ween social scientists and policy-making biting their professional honesty at the particular relevance to those countries bodies. In his article, Eric Trist points to cost of their political entree. Only the which are endeavouring to improve their the new relationship between science and court jester is permitted to mock the economic and social conditions, since societv which has led to the emergence of king.' they have immense needs for hard facts domain-based. problem-oriented research Lack of popularity of the social and theoretical models on which to base involving scientists, practitioners, admi­ scientists among decision-makers in many their development policies and evaluate nistrators and politicians: .,. the texture countries comes about either because they results. Yet, growth in resources for social of their relationships differs from what it criticize government or because they deal research remains very slow, while the gap is in fundamental research where scientific with matters which are looked upon as between developed and less-developed interest dominates, or applied research esoteric by those grappling with pressing coUntries is rapidly widening. where user interest dominates. The parochial problems. relation of the different types of actor in The role of social research In Latin America particularly, ten­ a problem-oriented domain is that of in a time of change sions caused by the political implications collaboration.' of social research have been increasing in One major topic which ran through intensity over past years. Social scientists Efforts to promcte social research the discussion of the Copenhagen round 'in this part of the world prefer to play an useful for policy formation have in most table was the extreme relevance of poIi':. intellectual, critical role rather than a countries given rather meagre results tical and ideological issues to the func­ technical one. As a Latin American parti­ hitherto, except in applied economics. tioning and status of the social sciences. cipant observed: "Their task consists not The reason is partly that research has" On the one hand they determine the only in maximizing production within the often been irrelevant to actual situations, relative weight which social scientists in status quo, but in the alteration of the partly that it has not been presented in a various regions of the world give to the status quo, as they cannot imagine mo­ way which has made its implications corn­ scientific, technical (applied) and critical dernization without fundamental changes prehensible to policy-makers and adminis­ (general educational) roles of their prof­ in the basic structure.' trators. The prospective consumers have, ession. On the other hand political and Another Latin American participant for their part generally not shown serious ideological factors influence the attitude foresaw that 'the economic, political and interest in using research results even of the public and of decision-makers demographic .crisis of the underdeveloped where these might be relevant: their de­ mands have been limited and their ab­ Reprinted from the International Social tematlonal Social Science Council and several sorptive capacity for research small. Science Journal, Vol. XXII, No.2, pp. other international social science bodies. He was 18~19~ . chairman of the OECD Committee for Scien­ On the relation between researchers The full text of this report appeared in tific and Technical Personnel 1958-65. He has and users it was felt that if 'social research the last issue of this journal, Vol. XXII, No.1, been United Nations Adviser in Ireland and in the future were to be of greater use to pp.152-A. India on applied social science research and planning, more understanding of the. Henning Friis is executive director of the was director of the UNESCO Round Table on nature and significance of policy-oriented Danish National Institute of Social Research Social Research Policy and Organization in in Copenhagen and vice-chairman of the Da­ Denmark. Author of works on social policy research would have to be developed nish Social Science Council. He is a member and research including Development ofSocial within governments as well as in the of the board of trustees of the United Nations Research in Ireland (19651 and Social Policy academic community. The need for key Institute for Training and Research, of the In- and Social Research in India (19681. persons within administrative and plan­ ning bodies who could become gate- PSSC Social Science Information October 1974/7 I· keepers of the client-researcher relation­ able is out of all proportion to the costs be made. ship was stressed. These middlemen of what can qualify as modern empirical It is paradoxical that in a situation of I should provide channels of diffusion for social research. Under these circumstances scarce funds and manpower, social science I externally generated knowledge and be social research in many developing coun­ throughout the world has been character­ able to identify relevant researoh prob­ tries has been organized by foreign social ized by a scattering of resources. lems within the system. In order to in­ scientists and supported by funds from crease the absorptive capacity for social abroad. At the earlier stages, this was Even in small countries social re­ ! research results it is necessary to teach both necessary and helpful. Now, how­ search is conducted at a considerable planners and administrators social science ever, attention is being drawn to the number of institutions which usually do I and its .uses. Social scientists, however, political and scientific problems which not .co-operate closely. Moreover, research I must become more skilled in the transfer often attach to reliance on foreign aid to institutes are, as a rule, rather small both process from. research to application. the social sciences. In their report, Inter­ in less-developed countries and in those national Co-operation in the Development with greater resources. Policies for social research of Social Science Research, the parti­ In his article, Oscar Cornblitt anques Social science competence is a scarce cipants at the Round Table expressed that when employment possibilities; are resource in most countries and is mainly their view on foreign aid as follows: not limited to a few institutions, more concentrated in some of the most dev­ 'Because of the obvious policy im­ ample opportunities exist tor absorbing eloped societies. plications of many social research findings diverse kinds of talent, in quality as in The lack of trained personnel for the exclusion of local scientists from the orientatio~. Particularly in periods when social research is not only a problem of design, execution and control of research political circumstances curtail the work of quantity, but often also of quality. One "projects is undesirable. from a scientific social scientists, excessive concentration in serious deficiency, particularly in develop­ point of view and fraught with potential a few institutions is dangerous,'while a ing countries is that most graduates are political danger. multiplicity of centres is an insurance inadequately trained and lack experience It was felt that social science research against possible breakdown of one or in the theoretical and practical aspects of which was under control of outsiders more of them. social research. Some university depart­ tended to serve their own biases or ends While this position may be acceptable ments are aware of this, but it would be and the academic traditions from which in a period of crisis, it is not applicable if useful if more emphasis were to be placed they come. This "control" was seen as empirical social research is to use modern in curricula not only on the theoretical not conducive to the natural growth of methodologies and techniques, which aspects of research methodology but also new theories and the needs of the area or presuppose a certain concentration of on practical exercises. nation or the general healthy growth of researchers in larger units. lndlqenous teaching material for this the profession. purpose is lacking: in most developing "Economists and statisticians, more Furthermore, many types of social countries. There is; for instance, no particularly in some developing countries, research, particularly problem-oriented source-book or analysis concerning the use resources of other countries bilaterally research, usually requires a team of re­ preparation of questionnaires and inter­ to mutual benefit. However, .the use of searchers representing several disciplines. In viewing in India, though much energy has regional centres or international bodies to such cases it is preferable for institutions been spent on sampling techniques. " design or conduct research in areas of to have mere than one or two represent­ Teaching on other I important aspects of social science scarcity would be preferable atives of the various disciplines, as tliley survey research, therefore, is. based on to unequal bilateral ventures." tend to become professionally isolated if American and English textbooks not One considerable difficulty in social their number is toe small. These oriented to research in India. A problem research in most countries - developed 'IS considerations lead to the conclusion that common to most countries is the scarcity well as less developed - is the lack of at least some social research institutes: in of 'Skilled specialists in theoretical statis­ stable financing for continued research each country must be far larger than: is tics, programming and other fields sup­ programmes. Almost all projects are fi­ now generally the case. portive of empirical research. nanced on a project-to-project basis. Most research institutions have quite The report previously quoted states inadequate technical research facilities, a Ad hoc financing of research makes that: 'The time has come to increase particular handicap in empirical research, it difficult to undertake iong-run planning decisively the scale of resources provided which requires an administrative and tech­ of research programmes, and often forces for the social sciences and also to achieve nical apparatus for sampling, interviewing a research institute to accept projects to a greater concentration of effort. The and data processing. Only a few countries which it would 'otherwise give a lower discussions made clear that if research have an organization for sample surveys' priority. Where a regular flow of projects capability is to be effective, resources and computer services available to social is not assured, the institution may be should be assembled into minimum-size researchers. As long as the services of forced to dismiss good staff members, critical masses. More specifically figures quo­ national survey research units are not thus losing experience gained previously. ted from various sources would suggest a "1 available, one method of obtaining com­ It is also time-consuming to hunt and small-sized institution for empirical research parable nation-wide data is to initiate wait for money, and grants usually do not of 30-40 professionals with a continuing co-operation. between competent research cover indirect management costs. an n u a I operating budget of around institutions in the various regions of a To avoid these difficulties it is im­ $250,000 to medium-sized institutions of country. portant to establish certain stable reo 70-100 professionals with budgets around search institutions with a permanent or $1 million. Physical plant, library faci­ In most developing countries there is semi-permanent basic budget. Whenever lities, access to computing services, ade­ an extreme scarcity of domestic funds for additional grants for specific projects are quate clerical help. etc., are the basic social research and what support is avail- made, provision for overhead costs must Turn to nex t pagE 8/PSSC Social Science Information October 1974

necessities to make such an institution vi­ A limited number of countries have confirms that research is their main job. able: established national social science councils while keeping them in touch with colleagues outside their institute and The following national policy of similar bodies, which have among their objectives the formulation of policies for giving students the benefit of their ex­ towards social science research was sug­ the domestic development of the social perience. gested: sciences. All those which exist have pro­ The first priority is clearly the estab­ moted closer collaboration between social International co-opetation lishment of a number of viable multi­ scientists within and across disciplines. in the development disciplinary social science research ins­ Some have investigated the situation and titutions, capable not only of doing re­ of social research needs of the social sciences and are search but also training social scientists at mapping out strategies for research and As already mentioned, participants at the all levels and servicing other social science collaboration in areas where there are round table held the view that social! institutions. The standards of research and serious gaps. A few councils are in the research in developing countries had beeru training of such an institution should be process of improving the general infra­ dominated by foreign influences. Sucrn at the highest international level. In fact, structure of the social sciences, such as influences have not only been exertedl these centres should be foci for the documentation centres and data archives. through control of funds. 'Western' re·, growth of high-quality social science. The Many distribute grants or post graduate search problems, theories ~nd methods staff should represent the entire range of studies and act as government research have to a great extent been taken over by social science disciplines; there should be agents, which enhances their ability to social scientists in other parts of the library facilities, computer facilities, cle­ direct social science. world, and not been sufficiently tested or rical services and other duplicating and Several participants at the round questioned. Even inadequate research in­ mechan ical devices, now considered basic table argued that the establishment of dicates that the unintelligent application to a modern research institution. 'The training of an adequate body of national social science councils was an of 'Western' models has not been very highly competent social science prof­ immediate need in order to formulate fruitful. New models are required. It was essionals and the continued production of policies for the development of social felt, therefore, that there is now a need a sufficient, well-trained body of prof­ science and to secure governmental com­ for a new orientation: social scientists in essionals is the sine qua non of social mitment to such policies. The councils developing countries should look inward science development. In order to reach a should also act as clearing-houses and to the problems of their own region. level of self-generating growth the mini­ co-ordinators for projects presented by The report already quoted contains mum critical mass of social scientists must the various research agencies, including the following relevant passage: 'Whereas be trained and various strategies, adapted those located in ministries and foreign most social scientists have hitherto had to the conditions ol::taining in different research bodies. their particular world-wide disciplines as parts of the world, need to be developed The round table not only studied the their principal frame of reference, they for this purpose, including making broad policy problems of the social should now rather utilize their pooled working conditions and local salaries sciences, but also dealt with such organ­ interdependence for the study of national, attractive. A local multidisciplinary re­ izational problems as the training of staff, cultural and economic regions. This would search institution of this nature would be job satisfaction and internal commu­ both assist the development of such re­ the best long-term solution fOI" providing nication, using Angus Campbell's article as gions and provide a context for new theoretical orientations. Depending on the scientific manpower as it would be using the basis for discussions. size of the country or the region, an locally developed theory, locally provided The need for staff training as a con­ orientation to that area or region" a training materials, local field conditions for, tinuing process, including briefing of new pooling of manpower and other resources research and stem the rate of brain drain.' staff members, regular staff seminars on would in the long run pay the best divi­ The scattering of research resources is methodological and substantive problems, dends. Sometimes, where critical shortages not only due to lack of institutional and the discussions of research plans and of trained personnel, computer facilities concentration but also to the absence in final reports for diffusions of experiences or money exist, international co-operation most countries, socialist and otherwise, of was emphasized. Non-scientific staff policies towards the systematic planning should also receive training in order to may be used in politically acceptable of social research. The individualism of relieve researchers of technical work. mixes consistent with the ultimate end ­ academics as well as the lack of interest One major obstacle to research in the development of a viable social science of governments have contributed to universities in many countries is the heavy research capacity useful for that area.' scientific anarchy. It is everywhere ap­ teaching load and the low salaries which Several mechanisms to facilitate a parent that basic information on crucial drive teachers to take on extra tasks to higher degree of regional communication areas and problems does not exist and generate income. between social scientists were suggested. that much of the available data is out of Several ways of changing this si­ Co-ordinated, problem-oriented research date. Even where numerous studies on tuation were suggested, ranging from an would bring small groups of scientists into related problems have been or are being increase in the salaries of university meaningful communication. Larger reo carried out, usually with limited geograp­ teachers who concentrate on research; to gional meetings on problem-oriented areas hical coverage, there is Iittle co-ordination. the establishment of special research units like agricultural development, urban­ The most serious problem is not so much within the university structure or as au­ ization, population policies, etc. would be the overlapping of research, but rather the tonomous institutes. An intermediate another method. A special regional pub­ lack of basic common thinking and co­ arrangement is found in some countries, lication would help communication. Ex­ operation to improve the quality of where staff members of autonomous ins­ change of staff on specific projects or research and enhance the opportun ities titutes teach for a limited number of teaching assignments could bring about for accumulating knowledge. hours at a university. This arrangement Turn to page 23 PSSC Social Science Information October 1974/9

which as viewed by others are already the net foreign earner would continue at News briefs the signs of recession. least for the next five years. He also He also mentioned that Central Banks predicts that the shift to other energy the world over have not been able to sources which are being undertaken might Fabella speaks on establish rules that will guide financial be completed within ten years. worldwide recession structures of the world. Most Central The current developments notwith­ Armand V. Fabella, chairman of the Banks adopt the flowing rate system as standing, the present situation in the PSSC Executive Board and government reo there has been loss of faith and confi­ country is still better than what was organization commission, addressed the dence on the mechanism of international forecasted at the start of the year. His Philippine Chamber of Commerce and In­ payments being used, thus permitting the . prediction for the second half of 1974 is dustries (PCI) at the Hyatt Regency Hotel system to depend on the flow of the not so optimistic as he foresees a slowing on September 26.. world market. down in the rate of progress, as he said, Fabella spoke on the "lm plications of Within the context of these develop­ the second half is always the bad half. the Worldwide Recession on Philippine ments, he said that several things can be Industry and Economy." expected to happen particularly in the He reiterated that we need to keep a The merienda-conference was held to Philippines: a carryover of increases in sharp eye on prices at least within the give PCI members an opportunity to imported commodity prices and a decline next three months as the main problem is discuss the effects of worldwide recession in export prices of Philippine products. still the inflation rate. on the Philippine economy. These are due to the remarkable decline of Mr. Fabella stressed that it is still major stock markets and changes in the Experts meet on population research premature to consider that there is re­ governments of major western countries cession in the world economy and that an like Italy, France, Great Britain, etc. Current approaches in research on popu-­ evaluation of the situation entails firstly, He said however that the present lation and priorities for future research the observance of global econom ic dev­ situation has evolved more positively from were discussed by fifty social scientists at, elopments and secondly, an analysis of the past in terms of the now fairly decent the Expert's Meeting on Philippine popu­ how these developments will rub on the level of bank account on reserves. Today, lation Research held at the Population Cen­ Philippines. our reserves comprise about one half of the ter Building from October 10 to 12. He emphasized that the main problem total value of our exports. This is far Two dozen contributed papers covered a variety of topics in population, from the: the world faces today is still the universal above the minimum requirement for re­ manayement of population programs tOI inflationary rate. The problem escalated serve which must not be lessthan one fourth population pressures on ecosystems. Other' not solely because of last year's oil crisis, of the total value of exports. but could be traced back to the internal topics covered were culture and fertility" The country is also beset by a 40% economic-demographic models, demo.. and external policies of the United States rate of inflation and a rising rate of price graphic measurement and its implications" of "living beyond their means," as indi­ increases which is already high by inter­ population distribution, and populatloru cated by accelerating price increases national standards. The country is also communication and education. through the years in the United States vulnerable to fuel sources. The Meeting attempted to produce a list and the continuous unfavorable balance What are the prospects in the future? of researchable topics that appeared im­ of trade, to which remedial measures portant from the perspective of the varietY! Fabella explained that there are really proved inadequate. of disciplines represented. two approaches in solving the present Whereas countries of the world were The Meeting was organized by the De­ difficulties. One is to embark on a pro­ grouped before as "haves" and "have partment of Sociology, University of the tectionist, inward-looking set of policies nots," the former being either market­ Philippines, with the assistance of the such as trade control, etc. These, he says oriented or centrally planned, the world Philippine Social Science Council, and sup­ will have a minimal effect because the ported by the Population Center Founda­ now witness the entry of a third force ­ Philippines is so small and such a policy tion. The proceedings are being compiled the rich-oil producing Arab nations. by the Department of Sociology. Hence, global events will depend would not create a dent in the world economy, unlike if the US were to adopt heavily on what the Middle East coun­ LSPelects new officers tries will do with their money. At pre­ this approach. II sent, they hold short term placements in He said the Philippine Government is The Linguistic Society of the Phil­ major US banks, whereas the world presently adopting the second approach ippines (LSP) met recently to elect its officers for 1974-75. requirement for increasing investments, of continuing reliance on credit allocation foreign exchange, etc. is on a longer term as a major tool for stepping up agricul­ Re-elected to the presidency was Bonifacio Sibayan, president of the Phil­ basis. tural production. The problem in the ippine Normal College. Other officers in­ Bigcountries who used to be creditors industrial production is that this sector clude: Andrew Gonzalez, FSC - vice now see the possibility of themselves because of the high import content of its oresident; Emy Pascasio - secretary; Fe being debtors. Thus they move to cut products, is still a net spender of foreign Otanes - treasurer; and Fe Dacanay, down cash outflow which creates a chain exchange. So that he foresees that the Ponciano Pineda and Dnniel Weaver ­ reaction in the economy in terms of emphasis on rural development. through board members. reduction in production, inventory, etc. infrastructure and aqriculture, which is Turn to next page 10/PSSC Social Science Information October 1974 _

The following were appointed to head Lazatin, National Archives reopened the different committees: Edilberto The members of the PSA elected the The National Archives has been or­ Dagot, membership; Fe Aldave Yap, officers h their annual conference held d ere d reo pen e d by Pre sid e n 1 professional activities; Andrew Gonzalez, July 26 at the Central Bank auditorium. Marcos upon the request of U.P. President publications; and Emy Pascasio, research. Four papers dealing mainly on population Salvador P. Lopez. The organization has scheduled a series and related problems, 1974 being World The U.P. head's request was in res­ Population Year, were read. Tristram of lectures on the latest developments in ponse to an appeal made by Dr. Leslie linguistics and Philippine bilingualism for Eastwood, Philippine coordinator for the Bauzon, chairman of the U.P. History this year's activities. For a start, the LSP's United Nations Fund for population Department, who expressed the wish to comm ittee on professional activities Activities (UNFPA) was the guest speaker have the National Archives accessmle to sponsored recently a special lecture on at luncheon. U.P. scholars and historians. "The Tagmeme Seen as a Four-Celled Ford Foundation sponsors The National Archives was closed Array in Relation to English Clauses." tatks on rural development earlier allegedly due to lack of staff. The lecture featured Summer Institute of In his letter to the President, Lopez Linguistics President Kenneth L. Pike, who The Ford Foundation, through its mentioned that "much of the work is also professor of linguistics at the representative, Mr. Eugene Staples, held already done or. the history of the Phil­ University of Michigan. It was held at the recently an informal discussion - con­ ippines is either inferior in quality or is Philippine Normal College auditorium. sultation with some of the country's fore­ highly colored by the strong anti-Spanish most social scientists, foreign experts, PSS to organize six lecture series government and private officials and or pro-Spanish bias of the writers." He noted r u r a I development workers to ex­ explained that there is an urgent need to Aurora Silavan-Go, president of the plore some of the problems areas in rura I rewrite the history of the Philippines or Philippine Sociological Society; Inc. (PSS) at least "to fill the blank pages in Phil­ development and the steps being done to announced that the PSS is organizing a ippine history particularly as regards solve these problems. series of six lecture discussions on the important phases of the Spanish The two-clay meeting held at the Hotel theme"Alternatives In Strategies for Deve­ colonization of the Archipelago." lopment." Intercontinental in Makatl was attended He added that the reopening of the The lecture series will be held at the San by 29 participants involved in different Miguel Auditorium beginning January 16, ways in various dimensions of rural National Archives would enable our his­ 1975 and every Thursday thereafter for six development. torians to conduct archival investigation consecutive weeks, ending on February 20, The informal talks brought to the fore that would shed light on the history of 1975. several discussion issues covering three the Philippines. It will look at proqrams and structures perspectives in rural development: The Archives was reopened last Sept­ being evolved and utilized hy the govern· 1) rural development from the point of ember 10 in a memorandum to Domingo ment or private agencies to achieve the view of the rural family; Abella, archives director. nation's developmental goals. 2) rural development from the pers­ pective of the development agencies; and Overall chairman of the program is Ledl­ NEDA issues guidelines 3) new directions for rural develop­ vina Cariflo, vice-president of the Society. on research contracts The PSS conducted its first public lec­ ment programs. ture series in 1970-71. Entitled "The Phll­ The National Economic and DevelOp­ ippines Today: Second Thoughts for Citi­ UPISWCD negotiates ment Authority (NEDA) issued a resolu­ zens Concerned", its meetings drew large with PSSC Research Network tion entitled "Guidelines on Research Con­ numbers of students, faculty, businessmen, tracts Between Philippine Academic and professionals and government employees. Dr. Sylvia Guerrero and her staff from Research Institutions and Foreign Agen­ In 1972, the society's second public lecture the Institute of Social Work and Commu­ cies." entitled -"Social lssues '72" was organized nity Development, University of the Philip­ The NEDA resolution was adopted to and the public response was even greater pines is negotiating with the PSSC Re­ safeguard the interests of Philippine scho­ than it was the first time. search Network Coordinator, Pilar Ramos­ lars by defining the contractual rela­ Jimenez, for the participation of some tionship between researcher and institution 1974-75 PSA officers elected PSSC-related research centers in data col­ as there have been cases, in the past where lectlon for her nationwide project entitled research contracts between foreign institu­ The Philippine Statistical Association "Developing a vocational preparation prog­ tions and Philippine institutions were so (PSA) elected recently its new set of ram for out-of-school youths in the Philip­ made that they reduce the latter into a officers for 1974-1975. pines." Sponsored by the National mere data gatherer or junior research part­ The new PSA officers are: President ­ Manpower and Youth Council, the pro­ ner which is .iniquitous and insulting to ject's geQeral objective is to evaluate the • Tito Mijares, director of the Buresu of Filipino scholars. n u me rous existing out-of-school youth the Census and Statistics and concurrently programs in public and private agencies to assistant director-general for statistics at NIU - Mindanao universities evolve a more comprehensive, integrated, enter exchange programs the National Economic and Development and effective program for the out-of-school Authority; 1st Vice-President - Henry F. youths of the nation. The fieldwork is ex­ Negotiations for an exchange program Magalit; 2nd Vice-President - Benjamin P. pected to be launched in November and between several universities in Mindanao Tienzo; and Secretary-Treasurer - "Tala P. December, 1974. and the Northern Illinois University (NIU) PSSC Social Science Information October 1974/11

are now in the final stages. UE Graduate School of Business, reduced from P.5M to P398,OOO - the The program as proposed by NIU aims peAR sign contract total budget allotted for the research to to aid in the development of higher be financed in its entirety by PCAR. education in the Muslim areas of the The Philippine Council for Agricultural The project, when completed, will Philippines and to aid in the development Research (PCAR) and the University of serve as an excellent primer on the Ilvays of the University's Center for Southeast the East Graduate School of Business in which consumers purchase commodities Asian Studies' Philippine Program. signed an agreement recently authorizing in relation to family income and ex­ The exchange program provides NIU the latter to conduct research on "Family penditure patterns and their effects on faculty and doctoral candidates to teach Income and Expenditure Patterns in the the price mechanism. and conduct research at the Mindanao PhiIIpp lnes," At the same time, the role of the universities while Filipino faculty and Mr. Jovino S. Lorenzo, U.E. chief students as direct links with the respond­ graduate students will be invited to NIU executive officer, Dr. Levy A. Trinidad, ents will serve to improve the reliability for advanced studies. Andres Soriano professor of economics, of the data to be gathered on a weekly, The first exchange is tentatively sche­ U.E., Gen. Florencio A. Medina, chair­ per province basis. duled for the Fall of 1975aOO will continue man, PCAR governing council and for five years. Director General Joseph C. Madamba signed the contract. Rare RP magazines In preparation for the anticipated donated to NIU library NIU-Mindanao universities exchangeprog­ The project will be undertaken to ram, the university has started a col­ determine: lection of periodicals and other local 1) the expenditure patterns of the The Northern Illinois University library materials published in the cities of Marawi different income levels of Philippine was made richer with the presentation of and !ligan in Lanao placed at the disposal society; bound volumes of a rare Philippine l1I1ag· of interested NIU faculty members and 2) the patterns and trends in the ex­ azine "~enacimiento Filipino" recently. graduate students. penditures for food, clothing, etc. by each The donor, Mrs. Soledad Reyes Gomba of province; Manila presented the collection through ECAFE's new name announced 3) the variables affecting food con­ Dr. J. David Williams. sumption; and In another development, the Northern A change of name of the erstwhile 4) to establish a point of reference for Illinois University opened its Eilipiniana collection at a recent exhibit. Among Economic Commission for Asia and the any similar future surveys in the country. The 18-month-long research will be those present in the opening ceremonies Far East (ECAFE) to Economic and conducted in the different provinces were members of the University's Filipino Social Commission for Asia and the Paci­ covering about 35,000 households. It will community. fic (ESCAP) has been announced by the be supervised by Levy A. Trinidad as Meanwhile, NIU's Center for Southeast Department of Foreign Affairs. The project leader and Rosalia F. Larena Asian Studies prepared a 32-page list: of change of name came as a result of steps as study leader with U.E. faculty mem­ periodical holdings as of April 1974, of taken by Foreign Secretary Carlos P. bers and students as cooperators. the Center's Southeast Asian collection. Romulo and the Philippine delegation to With the utilization of U.E.'s resources The inventory includes 635 titles in both the last ECAFE sessions. in the survey, the cost of the project was western and Asian languages.

Seminars, conferences, workshops

The Council for Economic Develop­ workshop was held with the hope of New Dimensions." The lectures are be'ing ment (CED), private sector counterpart of contributing to efforts towards making held every other Saturday at the UP NEDA, held a forum recently on the the Chinese communities in Asia give Abelardo Hall, 8:30 to 11:30 a.m, up to subject "Human Settlements Planning in their constructive share in nation-building. Dec. 7, 1974. Social and Economic Development." The The National Historical Commission principal resource speaker was Dr. held recently a seminar on history in The Letters Department of the De' la Onofre D. Corpus, president of the Dev­ Tacloban City. One of the speakers was Salle College School of Arts and Sciences elopment Academy of the Philippines' Prof. Marcelino Foronda of De La Salle spearheaded a series of cultural lectures (DAP) who was assisted by the Task College's . Department of History and by presenting widely-acclaimed director Force on Human Settlements staff. This Political Science who talked on "Writing Lino Brocka for its initial forum. Brocka was the thirteenth in a series of socio­ Local Histories." talked on "The Filipino Cinema Today" economic forums sponsored by the CED The 1974-1975 Benitez Memorial Lec­ bringing into a more educative and critical persoective the film-making industry in as part of its contributions to the more ture Series formally opened last Sept. 14, the Philippines. 'e rapid development of the Philippines. keynoted by Dr. Vitaliano Bernardino, De La Salle College and Ford Found­ executive director of the Philippine­ Education and Culture Undersecretary. ation jointly sponsored a workshop on American Educational Foundation. Narciso Albarracin was guest speaker at the the "Overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia" Speaker for t.he day was Atty. Froilan opening ceremonies of the Inter-university at the Bayview Hotel in late June. It was Bacungan, director of the UP Law Center, Workshop on Population Education on Oct. attended by a group of scholars from who talked on "Responsibility of the 7. Faculty members from nine local univer­ ASEAN nations with Dr. Wilfrido Villa­ State in Education." Theme of the sities are participating in the three-week corta as workshop director and Fr. current lecture series is "Education and workshop bei"g held at the University of Charles McCarthy, S.J. as secretary. The the New Constitution: New Demands and the East Conference Hall. 12/PSSC Social Science Information October 1974

ket and there has been a slight upward In the same study, the minimum cost Research reports trend in the real share of food in totai con­ diet for a few P.hilippine cities was esti- sumption from 1957 to 1971, from 53.1 mated and it was found that in 1969" a per cent to 55.5 percent. Food, together family of size 6 consisting of two young Patterns of consumption with other staple items such as clothing children, two teen-agers and two adults, and shelter composed 73.0 per cent of ave­ can meet the balanced diet with a budget of in the Philippines rage family expenditure in 1957, rising to P2 - P4 per day. In 1971, all families spent 94.0 per cent in 1971. at least this much per year on food, mea­ Edita Abella Tan ning that if families desire to follow nutri­ Thefairly significantdrop in the share of tion guides, they can consume a nutritious and food as family income increases is also basket of food. The Food and Nutrition noted. The share of clothing remains con~­ Research Center surveys showed that prac­ Gwendolyn del Rosario Tecson tant but that of housing increases with in­ come. tically all families were deficient in mamy nutrients. The level of nutrition achieved, This study analyzed the consumption The average family expenditure on the however, is highly correlated (positively) to behavior of different types of Philippine various items especially families belonging the budget for food, hence to income. Yet families. The pattern of consumption is to the lowest six income brackets are as the variance of level of nutrition achievedl is given by presenting the average family ex­ follows: P1620 on food; P37 on clothing; just partly explained by the size of tlile penditures and propensities to consume for P341 on shelter; P47 on medicine and P27. budget for food. Moreover, the survey show­ various groups of consumption items of on education. ed that education is not a significant families belonging to different income determinant of nutrition levels. classes and types. The types taken are fam­ These levels of consumption may be put ilies headed by white and blue collar work­ in the context of prices of some items. In ers in urban and rural areas. Ten groups of 1970-71, the average fees in public high consumption goods are used - food, cloth­ schools was P43.00; an elementary note ing, housing - fuel and furniture, alcohol pad would cost about PO.50; and elemen­ -and-tobacco, education, medicare, miscel­ tarv school book about P&.OO; a third qua­ laneous items; and a further breakdown of lity cotton material about P5.00 per yard; food into cereal, animal sources of protein a doctor's visit about P5.00 in the prov­ and other food. inces; the smallest bottle of anti-biotic from P4.00 to P5.00. The consumption. The analysis was done mainly by fitting behavior of our four groups of famdies .various specifications of the Engel curve. This varles, In general, families headed by blue was done using the ;.ousehold surveys ­ collar workers have higher saving elasticity 1957,1961, 1965,and 1971 oftheBureauof than their white collar counterparts; and the Census and Statistics (BCS). In separate families in rural areas tend to save more papers a more detailed analysis was done for proportionately than those in urban areas. food and housing consumption, using the Food and Nutrition Research Council re­ The study also revealed that increase in gional surveys and the National Demo­ family size caused a decline in the con­ graphic Survey of 1968. The level of nutri­ sumption of specific items. This fact could These facts - that the minimum cost tion and its determinants were studied. In be attributed to the tight budget Philippine -dier is within the budget of many Filipino housing the authors presented the average families face and as their standard of living families, that income only partly explains number of rooms occupied by families declines with increase in family size, there the level of nutrition achieved and edu­ belonging to different income groups and is a substitution of some items, most likely cation does not explain it at all - point tOI of various household sizes. The housing­ those considered luxury, for necessary and the potential role of nutrition programs irn quantity elasticity was obtained from the for those with strong specific effects. the country. data. The level of income and of con­ sumption for majority of Philippine fa­ The analysis of the budget using the BCSi milies is still very low. In 1971, about 60 data showed that all consumption items ex­ per cent of families received income of cept food may be considered luxury items;: P3000 or less a year, with almost 20 per their intercepts are negative and their in-· cent receiving only P1000 or less. Though come elasticities are greater than unity. the proportion of families in this income Among food items, protein-rich food and bracket fell over time from about 81 per other foods are also found to be luxury cent in 1957 to about 41 percent in 1971, goods. So thatgiven the low level of income in real terms, the proportion of families in in the Philippines, families regard all items " these brackets hardly changed. There was except cereals as luxury items. These, how­ insignificant improvement in the size distri­ ever, are findings based on grouped items. bution of income as evidenced by a 0.013 r: From another survey, the National drop in the Gini coefficients from \ ~ 1961-1971 with the percentage received by Food and Agricultural Council's consump­ the lowest income bracket worsening tion (in kilogram) of individual items, clas­ slightly over time. sified by quality, is given. From here, a Food dominated the consumption bas- expressweek photo ,"i PSSC Social Science Information October 1974/13

number of inferior items and estimates of if at all. It is only through the FACOMAs elasticities for groups of items were deter­ Rural indebtedness that ACA's impact is felt. However" in mined. From the latter it can be deduced and credit in Pampanga Pampanqa, a significant number of farmers that quality changes as income increases. is directly benefitted by the ACA.

Finally, the number of rooms occupied and Pangasinan by households of various sizes and family incomes were abstracted from the National Primarily exploratory in nature, the Demographic Survey of 1968. The survey study serves as a stepping stone towards showed that the number of rooms occu­ intensive ones, especially in certain areas pied is determined mainly by income. The wherein case studies are called for. number of rooms do not vary with the size The research study was carried out with of households especially if we look at the the following objectives: a) to investigate the prevailing patterns of rural indebted­ variation in these two variables for each in­ ness and credit and the economic, institu­ come class. tlcnal, and socio-cultural factors condition­ The study brought together independ­ ing them; b) to obtain factual data, qualita­ tive and quantitative, on rural indebtedness ent surveys related to consumption in the and credit and to serve as benchmark with Philippines - the Bureau of Census and reference to which progress may be evalua­ Statistics surveys of household income and ted from time to time; and c) to bring expenditure (1957, 1961" 1965, and SCientific understanding to bear on such 1971); the 1968 National Demographic practical matters as policy implementation, Survey; the Food and Nutrition Research with special emphasis on the policies and Non-repayment of loans is one of ACA's Council regional surveys of nutrition, projects of the Department of Agrarian Re­ major problems in Pampanga. This maybe 1~58-1971, (the regions were surveyed in form (DAR) and the Agricultural Credit explained, in part, by a poor harvest caused different years); and the Food and Agricul­ Administration (ACA). by drought, tungro and/or rats. Attitudes tural Council surveys of consumption of in­ expressed in the following responses partly dividual food items, 1969-1971. More Findings showed that credit is available explain non-repayment of loans. "/!ICA work can definitely be done on these sur­ to the people but with some limitations. In money is government money and as such veys, in particular with the use of the esti­ most, if not all, of the barrios studied, cre­ it is the peoples" money", and"It's alright mated consumption parameters of various dit sources abound, but the people have to if I lose my good credit standing with the consumption items and types of families in deal with such restrictions as high rates of ACA; anyway, private money-lenders are models of growth, employment and in­ interest, need for collaterals, distance from more important - they provide bigger residence, papers to sign, and red tape. come distribution. Moreover the social cost loans in less time." and the effects on mental and physical re­ '.~~'ftI:-'--· 11,'.,.'.. ' - ,., tardation of poor nutrition may be invest­ ~.,... There were too few farm management igated from the incic'ence of some diseases c.;," • technologists (FMT) to assist farmers in related to specific nutrient deficiency. preparing their farm plans, budgets, and loan applications. On the average, only The study also provided some aspects of ~ one Land Reform Project Team with a income distribution through the Lorenz ~ few FMTs serves three towns. Some curve and other measures of inequality of Cl. Pangasinan towns do not even have such a income distribution. It was felt that the :§ technologist. The situation in Pampanga is study of consumption must be put in the '~ made worse by the fact that a noticeable context of income distribution. It tried to ~ number of FMT's is seldom seen in give a rough measure of the standard of life ~ barrios under their care. of the more than 50 per cent of families G> which belong to the lowest six income bra­ '~ The study found out that being a culti­ kets. This was done by listing the prices of ~ vator is associated with borrowing in Pam­ clothing, education and medicine to see ~ panga and Panqasinan, However, it is only what the average expenditures on these in Pampanga that education of the culti­ items could buy in 1971. There is awareness Private money-lenders which include vator and adoption of high-yielding varie­ that poverty is a serious problem in the rice-mill operators, sari-sari store owners, ties are related to borrowing. Bigger loans country, and the study gives some concrete wealthy cultivators, relatives and friends are associated with farm expenditures and indicators of the incidence and the level of are preferred by borrowers for such reasons government financial institutions. poverty. as .accesibilltv, timeliness and depend­ ability, informality, and the absence of red • tape, collateral requirement and papers.to Source: Institute of Economic Development and Rel88r'ch Discussion Paper No. 74-9, sigr.. A preliminary report of the Research and School of Economics, University of the Many who borrow from their landlords Evaluation Department of the U.P. Agrarian Re­ Philippines, Diliman, Quezon Citv. consider it an act of benevolence on the form Institute, U.P. at los Banos. Prepared b¥ part of the landlord. Dr. Jesus M. Monrsrnavor and others. Edita Abella Tan is associate professor at the UP The impact of the ACA as an institu­ School of Economics while Gwendolyn del Rosa­ tion which can help farmers in their finan­ Reprinted from the peAR Monitor, Vol II rio Tecson Is instructor in the same institution. cial needs is not strongly felt in Pangasinan, No.9, September 1974 issue. 14!PSSC Social Science Information October 1974

various parts of Southeast Asia more say in the basic, advanced and specialized co~rses PSSC activities the selection of candidates to the South­ under the Research Training Program; com­ east Asia Fellowship Program in conso­ pletion of preparation, production and trial nance with its national needs while at the duplication of six' social, survey research same time keeping it within the framework training manuals; granting of 24 awards, 20 Executive board elects officers of the region's developmental needs. under the Discretionary Research Awards, Dr. David L. Szanton, project specialist 2 major Research Integration Awards, 2 Armand V. Fabella, chairman of the on Asian stud ies of Ford Foundation men­ 'under the National Survey Research Pro, Government's Reorganization Commission tioned that the Foundation is keenly gram; increase of membership from 7 to 13 and of Jose Rizal College interested in assisting the development of with the admission of the Philippine Poli~ ""as elected chair­ local gradtlate training programs in the tical Science Association as regular member man of the Execu­ social sciences through the development of and the UP Institute of Mass Communii· t ive Board of the high quality consortia. This emphasis is in cations, UP Population Institute, Ateneo's Philippine Social l consonance with its desire to train more Institute of Philippine Culture as asso­ Science Council for social science personnel locally instead of ciate members; extension of Central Sub­ the fiscal year being able to send only a few to univer­ scription services to institutions other than 1974·1975. sities abroad where costs are so prohibitive. PSSC's regular members as a move to in­ The thirteen­ crease commission income towards its goal FABELLA,.' member Board also Annual meeting held of self-sufficiency; assisting in the screening elected the following a-id ranking of around 40 applications om Filipinos for the 1974 competition officers: loretta The members of the Executive Board of ror Research and Teaching Fellowship un­ Sicat, UP professor the Philippine Social Science Council to der Ford Foundation'S Southeast Asia Fel­ of political science, fiscal year 1974-75 were elected during its lowship Program; assisting the Organization as vicechairman and annual council meeting held at the Sulo of Demographic Associates (ODA) and the Oscar Alfonso, UP Hotel on September 27. Social Research Laboratory of the UP professor of history ~-­ Those elected were Frank Lvnch, S.J., as s e c r e t a r v- Department of Sociology in their projects SICAT representing the discipline of anthropo­ and completion of a preliminary feasibi­ treasurer. logy; Mercedes B. Concepcion, demogra­ lity study on the Social Science Center for Appointed as phy; Armand. Fabella, economics; Teles­ presentation to various funding institu­ chairman of PSSC foro Luna, geography; Oscar Alfonso, his­ tions. committees were: tory; Emy Pascasio, linguistics; Gloria D. Oscar Finance, 'Feliciano, mass communications; Loretta Alfonso; Member- Sicat, political science; Patricia Licuanan, \~ Travel supplement grants awarded _,.,1 . ship, Raul de Guz- psychology; Raul de Guzman, public ad­ ALFONSO man, Institutional ministration; Consuelo Gutierrez, social Development, Frank lynch; Research, work; Rodolfo Bulatao, sociology; and The Philippine Social Science Council Mercedes B. Concepcion; Publication, Cristina Parel, statistics. has awarded travel supplement grants to Gloria D. Feliciano; Social Science Center The representatives of eight social , two' applicants under the Travel and Semi· Committee, Rodolfo Bulatao; South­ science associations, which are currently nars Program. east ,Asia Fellowship Committee, Armand the regular members of the PSSC, elected The grantees were: V. Fabella; and Modern Philippine Histo the Board members. They are: Emerencia­ 1) Alfonso de ry Committee, Oscar Alfonso. na Arcellana, Philippine Political Science Guzman, trainee in Association; Edilberto Dagot, Linguistic Society of the Philippines; Marcelino Fo­ scholarfv-book edit· SEAFP applications evaluated ing and design at the ronda Jr., Philippine National Historical .<~ Society; Cesar Macuja, Philippine Econo­ f'~.·'~,v University of Tokyo >\~"(Ll' ' The Ford Foundation Regional Office mic Society; Natividad Munarriz, Psycho­ ,,,,~;,,,,,, ". Press from Sept. 16 in Bangkok recently turned over to the logical Association of the Philippines; to Nov. 15, 1974; DE GUZMAN Philippine Social Science Council 22 applica­ Marcelo Orense, Philippine Statistical Asso­ and tions from Filipino scholars to the South. ciation; Aurora Silavan-Go, Philippine 2) Alfredo V. east Asia Graduate Training and Research Sociological Society and Esther Viloria, Lagmay, participant and Teaching Fellowship Programs. Philippine Association of Social Workers. in the American Stu­ d ies Seminar at The PSSC will evaluate and rank the During the meeting, Dr. Cristina R. Songnisan, Choong­ applications for submission to the Region­ Parel, incumbent chairman, read the annual nam Province, Korea al Heview Corrmttse whlch will be meet­ report for FY 1974. She cited that the held on Sept. 5 to 7, ing on November 27 and 28 in Singapore. PSSC experienced sustained growth and 1974. Although the Regional Review Committee substantial achievements in various activi­ LAGMAY will not tie funding the applications in ties. The Travel and Seminars Awards Pro. exactly the same order as the PSSC, the Among others, the more important de­ gram is intended to grant travel assistance Committee would not drop below the ten velopments she mentioned were: the re­ funds mainly ill the form of per diem al.. best reviewed by PSSC in mal<'ing its final newal of financial support of the Ford lowances to social sclentlsts on official I selections. Foundation and Asia Foundation for its business trip abroad. It also provides finan .. This arrangement Was arrived at to give various programs, training of 36 faculty cial assistance to associations and institu-, the National Social Science Councils in members from 19 academic institutionsin tions in particular, PSSC members, in their . PSSC Social Science Information October 1974/15

conduct of local conferences, seminars, PSSC Research Network ing the collected data, and preparing re­ workshops, lecture series,etc. offers services ports of various kinds. Pursuant to one of its primary object­ However. regardless of how sophistica­ Research grants offered ives of supporting research and publica­ ted the individuai center may be. its work is by mutual agreement subject to review tions in the various social science dis­ The Philippine Social Science Council . ciplines, the Philippine Social Science by the central office or its delegate at seve­ (PSSC) is offering several grant programs Council in agreement with PSSC-trained ral critical stages of the research. for researches in the social science discip­ staff of PSSC-supported research centers all lines. These grants are intended to help over the country formed, in May 1974, scholars undertake studies that will not what is presently known as the PSSC Re­ only contribute significantly to national search Network. development but will also be instrumental The Network offers services to groups in filling recognized gaps in existing social and organizations who may need assistance science knowledge. in their research and/or survey projects. PSSC specifically offers research grants The staff were trained under the Council's under the following programs; summer training program aimed at develop­ a) Research Integration Program which ing research and teaching competencies of aims to support scholars interested in com­ institutions throughout the country out­ piling annotated bibliographies of empirical side Metro Manila. Begun in 1972, the studies made in major development pro­ program offers courses dealing largely with blem-areas and writing up a major in­ survey research techniques - from project tegrative essav built upon such biblio­ e~earch proposal and research instrument R Network staff undergoing summer graphies; training. b) Discretionary Research Awards construction to fieldwork data analysis which are primarily meant to enable scho­ and report writing at the Ateneo de The centers are especially familiar with lars to complete ongoing research projects Manila University and the University of the such social science disciplines as statistics, ~ by providing them immediate supplement­ Philippines Statistical Center. sociology, anthropology, psychology, com­ I ary funds not exceeding P2,500 upon their Afte r the training, the participants munications, economics. marketing, busi­ request. who are also faculty members of different ness, and education. By reason of member­ c) Modern Philippine History Grant universities, return to their respective insti­ ship in the Network, all centers draw on awards major researches which have a mul­ tutions and set up or continue their own the added strengths of their co-members and tidisciplinary focus on Modern Philippine research centers putting into implementa· their regular consultants. history covering the period from the mid­ tion the research techniques gathered from Any interested contracting party is ad­ 19th century when the Philippines was the program. vised to communicate with the Network's opened to rapid social change up to the As of 1974, the PSSC has 19 research central office rather than the 'provincial present. centers at the following sites: Tuguegarao, center or centers where the research will be lIagan (Isabela), Baguio City, Metro Manila, done since the Network's Coordinator has Dasmarifias (Cavite), Naga City, Legazpi For further information on any of the been given the authority to make tentative City, San Jose (Occidental Mindoro), Tac­ grants offered, interested parties may write commitments in their behalf. Final com­ loban City, Cebu City, Dumaguete City, to: mitments will be made by the Coordinator Bacolod City, Iloilo City, Cagayan de Oro The Executive Secretary after appropriate consultation with the City, Ozamiz City, Davao City, Cotabato Philippine Social Science Council center/s involved. City, Zamboanga City, Jolo and Puerto 53-C RocesAvenue, Q.C. Where a contracting party is already at . Princesa City. It expects to include six or P.O. Box 655, Greenhills the provincial center, he may discuss his additional centers to the Council's Net­ San Juan, Rizal research needs with the staff there but he work by the middle of 1975. or may call up telephone 99-97-64: should be aware that the decisions reached Because the research training program locally will as a matter of course be re­ proceeds by steps - basic the first summer, viewed at the central office. Subscribe to the advanced the next, and special training in the third - and because the most recent The cost of any particular survey will DSSC Social Science Information batch of trainees has yet to undergo the depend upon a number of factors. Inte­ advanced course, the centers differ in the rested contracting parties should consult A quarterly newsletter services which they can offer by them­ the Network Coordinator, Mrs. Pilar R. published by the selves. However, by reason of their mem­ Jimenez at the addresses given below: Philiopine Social Science Council bership in the PSSC Network, they can Office address draw on the central office and other cen­ Department ofSociology and Anthro- SUBSCRIPTION RATES ters as well for whatever additional assist· pology P10/year ...... Philippines ance they may need. A teneo de Manila University $5/ year ...... Foreign All centers can prepare, pretest, modify, Loyola Heights, Quezon City 3008 translate and field a questionnaire or sched­ Tel. 99-87-21 local 151 Make checks payable to the Central ule. handling details of sampling, interview­ Mailing address Subscription Service, .53-C Roces Ave., ing, and editing of protocols. Most centers Box 655 Greenhills Quezon City, Tel. 99-97-64 are also capable of designing survey and &... -.1 nonsurvey research analyzing and interpret- SanJuan, Rizal3134 16/PSSC Social Science Information October 1974

Information section

Initial inventory of social scientists,

(Continued from last issue)

ANTHROPOLOGY GUERRERO, Jose L., PhD Comm, Environ­ LIM, Alice Cabili, MA Demog 1973, UP mental Analysis, Staff, Asian Institute of University of San Carlos Management. CABALLERO, Evelyn Jadormio, MA Anthro MARIANO, Vicente 0., MA Demog can UP student U of Hawaii, Teaching assistant Dept JAM lAS, Juan, Ph D, Staff Dept of Agric Comm, Senior Research Assistant, UP College of of Anthro U of Hawaii UP at Los Banos Public Administration NACU, Aranzazu B., MA Demog cand, UP CADAR, Usopay Hamdag, PhD cand 1974. The LOZARE, Benjamin, Asst Prof, UP Institute of Institute of Hurr.an Reproduction, UST Queen's University of Belfast, Part-time tutor Mass Comm Dept of Social AnthroTheQueen's University NUNEZ, Clarita, MA stud Comm UP, Senior Re­ PARREI'ilAS, Generoso P.• MA Demog cand, UP of Belfast. searcher, Community Devt Research Council Major, Philippine Army OCAMPO, Rebecca S., MA Comm UP DIAZ, Manuel Pascual, MA Anthro stud U of PEREZ, Aurora E., MA Demog cand, UP Senior British Columbia OROZCO, Remedios, MS. Staff, Dept of Agric Research Assistant, UP Population Institute Comm, UP at Los Banos FERNANDEZ, Carlos A., Ph D Anthro 1972. U of PERNIA, Ernesto M., MA Econ 1968, U of PATRON. Joseflna, Ed 0 Comm 1960 Indian U. California, Research Fellow. DAP Bridgeport, Connecticut, PhD cand, Univer­ Chief of Planning and Devt, NMPC sity of California, Berkeley Visiting Research KLUG, L. M., PhD Anthro 1972, U of Pittsburg. PUGNE, Melina T., MA UP, Staff, UP Inst of Associate, UP Population Institute Assoc Prof, CWSC Ellensburg. Washington Mass Comm REYES, Warlita 0., MA Demog cand, UP Senior LOPEZ, Iilogelio, PhD Anthro, Staff, USC, Cebu RESURRECION, Lutgarda, MA stud Comm UP Research Assistant, UP Population Institute City SANTIAGO, Irerre Moracla, MS Journalism 1963 SARMENTA, Andres E., MA Demog cand, UP MACEDJI., Marcelino, PhD Anthro/Eco, Staff, Columbia U, Academic Coordinator, The Phil­ USAID (Philippines) USC, Cebu City ippine Women's College of Davao and Con­ Chic~o sultant on Curriculum Devt and Com­ SMITH, Peter Colin, Ph D 1970, U of ORACION, Timoteo S., Ph D Cultural Anthro munication, Rural Devt Center Visiting Lecturer and Research Associate, UP 1970 U of San Carlos, Prof Silliman U Population Institute STA. ROMANA, Osmundo 0., MA Journ U of PELAYO, Aurora, MA Anthro, Socio, Staff, U of Missouri, Prof, Written Comm, UE VICENTE, Alejandrino A., MA" cand, UP Mindanao, Davao City VENERACION, Cynthia C., MA stud Asian Information Speciaiist, Bureau of Standards Studies UP for Mass Media, DPI RAATS, Pieter Jan SVD, PhD Anthro, Staff, USC, Cebu City VI LLANUEVA, Rosario, MA stud Comm Up, VILLA, Ruby Roque, MA Demog cand, UP Senior Researcher, Community Devt Research Senior Research Associate, Planning Division, REYNOLDS, Harriett, PhD Anthro, Staff, Silli­ CouncillJP Pop Com man U, Social Science Dept VILLANUEVA, Carmel ita L., MA cand Cornm, ZABLAN, Zelda C., MA Demog1970, UP MSc in REYNOLDS, Hubert I., Ph D Anthro 1964 Hart­ Ateneo de Manila, Technical Writer/Research Population Dynamics cand, Johns Hopkins U, ford Seminary Foundation, Director Silliman Asst, Population Center Foundation Inst, UP Population Institute U Community Service Office SZANTON, David L., PhD Anthro 1970 U of Chicago, Project specialist on Asian Studies. DEMOGRAPHY EC~ICS Ford Foundation

VISTA, Salvador, MA Anthro, Staff, Silliman U, Social Science Dept. ABENOJA, Macrina K., Demog cand, UP A BOLA. Victor A.. MS Industrial Eco 1972 Researcher, UP Population Institute CRC. Research tutor. CRC ZABLAN, Antonieta, MA cand Anthro Staff, CASTRO, Nilda Medalle, MA Demog cand UP USC, Cebu City ABONG, Salvador, MBA Eco, Staff U of San Inst, UP Population Institute. Agustin, Iloilo City DE GUZMAN, Eliseo Apeledo, MA Educ cand, AGUIRRE. Alfonso, Ph 0 Eco. Faculty Eco­ COMMUNICATION Natl Teachers College. MA Demog cand, UP Inst, UP Population Institute nomic Devt Asian Social Institute

HIRSCH, Geoffrey, MA Demog cand, UP ALCACHUPAS, Ramon.MS Eco.Staff, Bureau ESCALADA, Monina M., MA cand East-West of Agricultural Eco, QC Center U of Hawaii, Staff, UP Institute of MalS IGLESIAS, Solina Rosales. MA Demog cand Up, Research Associate, UP Population Institute Comm AUX, Jesus, MS Marketing, Resource Eco, Poli­ cy and Macroeconomics, Staff, Bureau of Ag­ Editor's notes: This is the continuation of the not yet been sent forms to kindly contact ricultural Economics. QC initial inventory of social scientists based on the: ALMAZAN, Pascua!,MSA Eco, Staff, Bureau of the accomplished directory forms sent back Executive Secretary Agricultural Eco, QC to the PSSC and from data made available to Philippine Social Science Council us by educational institutions and research 53-C Races A ve•• a.c. ALTAMIRANO, Lourdes K., MS Eco Ed 1974 centers. This listing is by no means exhaustive CRC and we are reiterating our call to all social Please indicate the number of forms you scientists and social science centers who heve need. ANTONIO. Emilio T. Ir., MS Industrial Eco 1972 CRC, Research tutor. CRC PSSC Social Science Information October 1974/17

ARAULLO. Marita G.. MS Eco Ed 1974 CRC ITeHON, Luisita 5, MA Eco, Staff, Central Bank VIDAL, Melba J. MS Eco, Staff, Asian Social lns­ of the Phil, Dept of Econ Research, Mia titute BAGTAS, Cedric R., MS Industrial Eco 1972 CRC, Research tutor, CRC JOSE, Rosario D., MS Mathematics, Faculty I VERGARA, Severino Bawiin, MS Agricultural Eco Asian Social Institute 1974 UPLB, Researcher I and Head, Agricultu­ BALAGOT, Antonio, MS cand Ag Eco, Staff, ral Credit Division ACCI I Xavier U, Cagayan de Oro City KIMPO, Eva, MEP Eco Planning, Staff, Notre Dame U, Socio-Economic Research Center Cotabato City VILLEGAS, Bernardo M., PhD Eco 1963 BARKER, Randolph, PhD Ag, Eco, Staff, IRRI, Harvard U, Academic Director, CRC College, Laguna LAO, Lolita U, MS Eco Ed 1974 CRC i BORR.I\., Teresa M.,MS Eco Ed 1974 CRC LEONOR, Mauricio Jr., Post doctoral Studies CHA LUYAN, Feline, MS cand Eco, Staff, Asian 1972 U of Chicago, Asst Prof, UP at Los Social Institute Banos GEOGRAPHY I

CABALQUINTO, Virgilio F. MA Ag Eco, Staff, LLANTO, Gilberto, MS Eco, Staff, Asian Social Ateneo de Naga, Research and Service Center Institute AGANON, Virgilio, Ph 0 Geog cand Researcher, I CANETE, Margarita, MA Eco, Staff, U of San Cooperative Regional Devt Projact, National LOPEZ, Maricel, Faculty Asian Social Institute Carlos, Cebu City Development Research Center, U.P. LUCAS, Pedro, MS Eco, Staff, Asian Social I CAN LAS, Eduardo, PhD cand Ag Eco, Staff, Institute LUNA, Telesforo, W. Jr., Ph 0 Gaol & Geoll Xavier U, Cagayan de Oro City 1957 Clark U, Chairman, Dept of Geol & MACUJA, Cesar P., Program for Management Geog, U.P. CARBONE L, Perla MS cand Eco, Staff, Bureau Devt Harvard U, Partner, SGV I of Agric Eco, QC MAGAY, Concepto, MS Ag Eco, Staff, Palawan SALlTA, Domingo C., Ph 0 Eco-rrenagerrent: 1967 Universitv of Santo Tomas, Dean, Col­ CARRO, Conchita, MA Eco, Staff, U of San Car­ Natl Agricultural College, Aberlan, Palawan I los, Cebu City lege of Arts & Sciences, UP MANDAPAT, Moises, MS Ag Educ, Ag Eco, CLEMENTE, Dominador A Jr., MS Ag Eco, SANTIAGO, Liberty, T., MS Geol! cand, Faculty. Staff, Mountain State Agricultural College Dept of Geol & Geog, U.p. Staff, Mindanao Institute of Technology, Ka­ I bacan, Cotabato MANTE, Reynaldo, MS cand Ag Eco Staff, Xavier U, Cagayan de Oro Citv CUANGUEY, LUke, MS cand Ag Eco, Staff, HISTORY II Xavier U, Cagayan de Oro City MARANO, Leodel M., MS Eco Ed 1974 CRC MAYOL, Rafael, MA Eco, Staff, U of San Carlos, DALISAY, Armando M., Ph 0 1946, Harvard U Cebu Citv BALINONG, Alfredo SJ, MA Columbia U Facul.. Exec Director, Natl Research Council of the tv, AdM U Phil MENDOZA, Alfredo, MA cand Eco, Notre Dame DAMASO, Jimeno M., MS Industrial Eco 1974 U, Socio-Economic Research Center, Cotabato BORLAZA, Gregorio, Ph 0 Hist 1950 UST, Vicel CRC, Research tutor, CRC CitY . Pres, Phil Natl Historical Society Prof, Phil Christian College DOROMAL, Quintin Salas, MBA 1951, Harvard MONTES, Vaughn MS Industrial Eco 1973 Business School, Pres, Silliman U CRC, Research tutor, CRC DETERA, Antipolo D., MA cand 1976 Annu"," DY, Rolando T., MS Industrial Eco 1974 CRe, NII'iIO, Emmanuel, Ph 0 Economics, Faculty elation College of Bacon, lnst, Annunciation Research tutor, CRC College of Bacon . Asian Sociallnsitute ESTANISLAO, Jesus P.. Ph D Eco 1970 Harvard DINO, Fr. Isidoro D., Ph D 1952 UST, President" U, Exec Director, CRC NOBLEZA Francis, MBA Eco Staff, U of San Agustin, Iloilo City Annunciation College of Bacon EUCINAS, Jesus G., PhD cand Eco, Staff, U of LAHIFF, Bartholomew, SJ, PhD Georgetown U, PALUSZKA, Robert A.. PhD Eco cand, San Agustin, Iloilo City Washington, DC. Georgetown U Research Director, Special Projects CRC EVANGELISTA, Alfredo, MS cand Ag Eco, JINGCO, Lamberto B., Asst Prof I HistoryPhii Staff, Xavier U. Cagayan de Oro PANGANIBAN, Elenita C, MBA Stat & Eco, Normal College FABELLO, Miguel, MS cand Ag Eco, Staff, Staff, Central Bank of the Phil, Dept of Eco Xavier U, Cagayan de Oro City Research, Mia MARBELLA, Pablito V., MA cand 1975 Annun., I PUERTO, Emilio (Rev.) T., MA cand Eco, Staff, ciation College of Bacon, Inst , Annunciation I FAJARDO, Fernando, MA cand Eco, Staff, U of PWU, Institute of Human Relations, Mia. College of Bacon San Carlos, Cebu City ORTIZ, tlfBgdalena Dino, MA cand 1975 Annun­ RAI'iIOLA, Hermes F., MA Eco Ed 1974 CRC, ciation College of Bacon, Assec Prof, Annun-, FERRIOL, Godofredo, MSA Eco & Extension, Administrative Asst, Ed for Devt Center Staff, Palawan Nat! Agricultural College, ciatlcn College of Bacon Aborlan, Palawan REVI LLES, Josefa, MA Eco, Staff, U of San Car­ QUIAZON, Serafin, Ph 0 Hilt 1962 U of Pe~n­ FESTIN, Cynthia F.,MS Eco Ed 1974 CRC los, Cebu City sylvania, Director, National Library HERDT, Robert, PhD Ag Eco, Staff, IRRI, Col­ RODRIGUEZ, Gil, MA cand Eco, Staff, Bureau lege, Laguna of Agric Eco, QC RESSIJRRECCION, Caledonio, M A 1969 FEU" President, Philippine Historical Association, GARCIA, Ansceto, MA cand Eco, Staff, U of SAROIDO, Moises L., MS Ag Eco, Staff, U of Board member/Se..:retary, Philippine Assccla­ San Carlos, Cebu City Eastern Philippines, Catarman, Samar . tion for Graduate Education. SEGUI, Evelyn A., MS Eco ed 1974 CRC GARCIA, Georoe A., MS Eco Ed 1974 CRC SAMSON, Lucero A., ChaiFlT1an, Hilt dept U of RIVERA, Alice, MA cand Eco, Staff, U of San San Carlos GETUBIG, lsmael, PhD cand Ag Eco, Staff, Carlos, Cebu City Xavier U, Cagayan de Oro City SARANGANI, Datumanong Oi. Ampaso, MA TORRALBA, Antonio Jose N., MA Eca Ed 1974 Islamic Studies 1971 American U of Beirut, GUIPO, Susana G., MS Eco Ed 1974 CRC Staffwriter, CRC Asst Prof MSU Dept of History MSU and Asst Dean MSU College of Liberal Arts GULTIANO, Leo, MA cand Eco, Staff, U of San TURIANO, Tita, MBA cand Eco, Staff, San Beda Carlos, Cebu City College of Arts and Sciences, Mia USI, Milagros, Faculty History St. Paul College VAN DEER VAN, Marlin, PhD cand Eco, Staff, ILLO, Jeanne Francis L. MA Eco, Staff, Ateneo (Manila) International Institute of Ru ral Reconstruct­ de Naga. Research and Service Center ion, Silang, Cavite Turn to next pagSI 18/PSSC Social Science Information October 1914

LINGUISTICS DE LA ROSA, Adolfo, Faculty, U of Manila DE GUZMC.N, Mt. Paz, MA 1972. New fchool of Social Research, Faculty member, Psych ELEPAI\IO, Zenaida, Faculty Pol Sci U of Santo dept AdM U BAYLON, Gloria V., MA Ling, Staff, Phil Tomas DEJORAS, Josefina, MA 1970 Academie d' Mar­ Normal College, Language Study Center, Mia HERNANDEZ, Carolina Galicia, Ph D Pol Sci seille, Faculty member, Psych dept AdM U cand Duke U, Asst Prof Pol Sci UP CASTI LLO, Emma S., MA Language Teaching, 1975 DE LA CRUZ, Alma, MA 1973 UP, Faculty mem­ Staff, Phil Normal College, Language Study HE8NANDEZ, Mabini G., Faculty, IJ of M:mile ber, Psyd"l dept AdM U Center, Mia DOHM. Thomas. Ph D cand 1973, U of Minne­ KERKVLlET, Ben, PhD U of Wisconsin, Dept of CENA, Restituto M., PhD cand Psycholinguistics sota, Faculty member, Psych dept AdM U Political Science, U of Hawaii 1975, U of Alberta ESTOLAS, Josefina V., Ed D, Psych & Manage­ LACANLALE, Agerico Ong, PhD International ment, Staff, Child and Youth Center FORMAN, Michael L., Ph D Cornell U, Dept of Relations cand Graduate School of lntar­ Linguistics, U of Hawaii national Studies U of Denver FERTAL, Joseph SVD, MA Psych, Staff, U of San Carlos, C~bu City LAPUZ, Jose David, Faculty Pol Sci U of Santo GRII\IO, Eliza uv, Ed 0 1969 U of Michigan, Tomas FLORES, Miguela, Ph Psych, Staff, Child and Chairman, En!llish Dept Central Phil U 0 MAXINO, Marcelino C•• PhD stud 1975 U of San Youth Center PEREZ, Alejandrino Q., PhD Languages & litera­ Carlos. Dean School of Law & Director of GIL, Generoso, Ph D cand 1969 Stanford U, ture, Staff, Phil Normal College, Language Academic Affairs, Foundation U, Dumaguete Faculty member, Psych dept AdM U Study Center. Mia City GONZALES, Michaela, MA Child Psych, Staff, RACHO, Alberto A., MA Ling & Language MII\!EOUE, Natalia Manahan, MA Politicai PWU, Institute of Human Relations, Mia Teaching, Staff, Phil Normal College, Lanq­ Science cand 1976 UP, Inst I UP L1CUANAN, Patricia B., Ph D 1970 Pennsylvanie uage Studv Center, Mia NAVARRO, Agustina R., Faculty, U of Manila U, Asst Prof and Chairman, Psych Dept AdM RAMOS, Teresita V., Ph D U of Hawaii, Dept of indo-Pacific Languages PADILLA, Felicitas, MA Pol Sci, Staff, U of San MATA~AGNON, Rita, MA 1974 UP, Facul,ty' Carlos, Cebu City member, Psych dept AdM U AUIZ, Macario Bueno, Ed D 1963 UCLA, Director, U Aesearch Center, Central PONCE, Florencio D.R., LIB 1949 MLQ School MINOZA, Aurora A., Ph. D 1958 U of Michi­ Phil U of Law, Inst, UM gan, Prof, UP QUINERI, Benjamin. Faculty, U of Manila MONTANO, Jocelyn, Ph D 1974 Wayne State 1)" RAMOS, Edilberto M., Faculty, U of Manila Faculty member, Psych AdM U POLITICAL SCIENCE REY, Vicente G., Faculty, U of Manila OATEGA. Felix OSA, Ph D Psych 1967 Loyola U,lIllnols, Pres, U of Negros Occidental-Reco­ REYES, Rafael, Faculty Pol Sci U of Santo letos ABELLA, Pedro, Faculty Pol Sci U of Santo Tomas OATIGAS, Carrrela, MA Boston U. Faculty Tomas RONAS. Malaya C., MA Pol Sci cand, 1974 member, Psych dept AdM U UP. Inst and College Secretary UP at Clark ADVINCULA, Shirley, MA Georgetown U, Asst Air Base REYES, Amelon B., PhD cand Div Ed, Psych, Prof, Pol Sci, AdM U Staff PWU, Institute of Human Relations. Mia SAMSON, Elena, Faculty Pol Sci U of Santo AGUILAA, Carmencita T., MA Pol Sci Tornes REYES, Carmen Alcuaz, MA 1969, U of Minne­ stud 1975 UP, Inst Pol Sci UP sota. Director, Central Guidance Bureau AdM SARDIDO, Mauricio Lanticse, AB Pol U ALDABA, Lester A., Faculty, U of Manila Sci 1971 U of Eastern Philippines, Data Specialist Management Information Systemsl ROSKELLY, R.W., PhD Soc Psych ',Staff, Inti AREVALO, Elvira P. Gajo, MA Diplomacy and Planning Division,PopCom Institute of Rural Reconstruction, Silang World Affairs 1965 Occidental College L.A., Cavite Lecturer UP STAUFFER, Robert B., Ph D U of Minnesota, ARUEGO, Jose M., Faculty, U of Manila Dept of Pol Sci , U of Hawaii T10NGSON, Patricia L., MA Psych, Staff, PWU" Institute of Human Relations, Mia ATTRE, Neilo T., Faculty, U of Manila VALLE, Jose, Faculty Pol Sci U of Santo Tomas BALINONG, Alfredo SJ, MA Columbia U, lnst, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Pol Sci, AdM U VI LLA, Gonzalo, Faculty Pol Sci U of Santo Tomas BARCELO, Angel Jr., Faculty, U of Manila AGANON, Marie E., MPA, Staff Asian Labor BAUTISTA, Felix, Faculty Pol Sci U of Santo Education Center, UP Tomas PSYCHOLOGY BOARES, Rosalinda S., Faculty, U of Manila AQUINO, Belinda A., Ph D Cornell U, UP Col­ lege of Public Administration (on leave) BUMANGLAG, Alipio, Faculty, U of Manila AYCO, Aida, MA Psycho, Staff, Araneta U CARINO, Benjamin V., PhD Pol Sci, Staff, UP Foundation, Malabon, Rizal BERNABE, Daisy, MPA, Staff, UP College of' Institute of Planning Pub Ad BAGTAS, Jose, ICM, Ph D Psych Faculty CARLOS, Clarita Reyes, MA Pol Sci BRIONES, Leonor A., MPA, Staff, UP College of Asian Social Institute stud 1975 UP, Inst UP Pub Ad CASES, Manuel T., Ph D Political Science 1941 BANAAG, Cornelio, Ph. D. Psychiatry, Faculty CAOILl, Manuel A., MPA, Staff, U.P College of U of California Berkeley, Professorial Lec­ Asian Social Institute Pub Ad. turer UP BAUTISTA, Maria L., PhD Psych , Staff, U of CASTILLO, Florencio M., Faculty, U of Manila San Agustin, Iloilo City CORPUZ, Manuel, PhD cand, Staff UP College of Pub Ad CATLI, Roberto, Faculty Pol Sci U of Santo BENGSON. Arabella, MA cand AdM U, Faculty Tomas member, Psych dept AdM U DE CASTRO. Ruben. Faculty Public Ad Centro Escolar r;ORSINO, MacArthur Flores, PhD Pol BONUS, Edgar, MA cand AdM U, Faculty mem­ Sci stud 1975 Northern Illinois U ber, Psych dept AdM U PSSC Social Science Information October 1974/19

EORALlN, Josefa, MPA, Staff, UP College of APIT, Alejandro, MS Social Work cand, Faculty, OYCO, Regino G., Assoc Prof III Soc Sci Phil Pub Ad Asian Social Institute Normal College

FERNANDEZ, Andres I., MPA Units UP, Train­ FLORENDO, Soledad, Faculty Soc Work, PALUGOD, Sylvia, MS Sociology cand, Faculty ing Specialist II, UP ALEC Centro Escolar U Asian Social Institute GARCIA, Ramon M., MPA, Staff, UP College of DE GUZMAN, Leonora, MS Social Work, Facul­ Pub Ad ty Asian Social Institute PARIAN, Manuel, MS Socia, Staff, Asian Social r Institute I GATCHALlAN, Jose C., MPA UP, Secretary and DE LEON, Corazon, MS Social Work, Faculty PELli\lO, Hernandita L., MA cand 1971 Divine Training Specialist III, UP ALEC Asian Social Institute Word U, Staffmember Levte-samer Researcl'l Center Divine Word U GONZALEZ, Benito C., LIB 1948 FEU, Training GENEROSO, Josefa, MS Social Work, Faculty Asian Social Institute and President, Philip­ Specialist III UP ALEC RAMIREZ, Mina, MS Socio, Staff, Asian Social pine Association of Social Workers Institute GUILLERMO, Mariano, MPA, Staff, UP College Cons~elo of Pub Ad GUTIERREZ, L., MA SW 1959 UP, RAMOS, Mario G., Assoc Prof II Soc Sci Phil Dean, ASI, Social Work Dept Normal College IBAY, Alejandro, MPA, Staff UP College of Pub LACAR, Luis C , Ph 0 Socio-Social Work 1974, Ad REYES, Aloma de los, MS cand Socio, Staff', Western Michigan U, Chairman Dept of Social Asian Social Institute Work Silliman U JORGE, Ligaya, Faculty Public Ad Centro ROBERTO, Miguel, MS cand Socia, Staff, Asian Escolar U McANDREW, Pauline, SSC, MS Social Work, Social Institute Faculty Asian Social Institute LEGASPI, Perla, MPA, Staff UP College of Pub ROMERO, Lourdes A., MA Socio 1960 U of Ad MONTES, Sylvia p" Director, Bureau of FielCl Illinois, Director St. Paul College of Tuque­ LIM, Jorge, Faculty Public Ad Centro Escolar Services, OS'!\' garao Office for Research U SAGUISAG, Dulce, MS Social Work, Faculty SARREAL, Asuncion C., Assoc Prof III andl Asian Social Institute MIRANDA, Azucena, MPA, Staff, UP College of Chairman Soc Sci Dept Phil Normal College Pub Ad SALVADOR, Angelina Javier, MSSW Social TAGLE, Ramon Jr., MS Sociology cand, Faculty Work 1970 Centro Escolar U, Senior Medical' Asian Social Institute NIEVES, M.lrio, MPA, UP Colleqe of Pub Ad Social Worker, National Orthopedic Hospital TAN, Clarita Estillore, MA Socio cand 1974 OAMAR, Felipe, Ph 0 cand, Staff UP College of Xavier Senior Research Asst Research Ins­ Pub Ad SOCIOLOGY titute for Mindanao Culture Xavier U PACHO, Arturo, MPA, Staff UP College of Pub UMALI, Salud V, Asst. Prof IV Soc Sci Dept Ad ALCANTARA, Ruben, Ph 0 U of Hawaii, Dept Phil Normal College PAOI LLA, Perfecto, MA, Staff UP College of of American Studies U of Hawaii Pub Ad . URETA, Thomas, MS cand Socio, Staff, Asian PAYAO, Aurora, MPA, Staff UP College of Pub ARRIOLA, Fe R., MS Sociology, Faculty Asian Sociai Institute Ad Social Institute CAHILL, Amefil Agbayani, Ph 0 U of Hawaii, VALIENTE, Ma. Dolores, MS cand Socio, Staff, PILAR, Nestor N., Ph 0 cand, Staff, UP College Director, Operation Maong Social Science Asian Social Institute of Pub Ad Research Institute U of Hawaii

RAMOS, Proceso G., MPA. Staff, UP College of CAPILI, Erlinda, MS Socio, Staff, Asian 'Social STATISTICS Pub Ad Institute

REFORMA, Mila, MPA, Staff UP College of Pub D':'CAYANAN, Felicidad, MIC, MS Pastoral Ad Sociology, Faculty Asian Social Institute ARABANANS, Elpidion, Faculty Stat Far Eastern U SAJO, Tomas A., MPA, Staff UP College of Pub DECAESSTECKER, Sister Donald, Ph 0 -Socio , Ad U of Santo Tomas, Assoc Prof AdM U BERNARDO, R.C.,. MS Stat, Staff, Central SORIANO, Leodegario, Ph D, Staff, UP College Luzon State U,'Muiioz, Nueva Ecija at Pub Ad EGBERINK, Benetius, Faculty Asian Social lnsti­ tute BISCOCHO, Ma. Inocencia, Faculty Stat U of SOSMENA, Gaudioso, MPA, Staff, UP College of Santo Tomas PubAd . FORMAN, Sheila, Ph 0 cand U of Hawaii CAJUDO, Victoria P., MA Stat, 'Staff, Bavbay T ABBAOA, Jose P., MA, Staff, UP College of Natl College of Agric and Technology, Sini .. Pub Ad GARCIA, Arturo E., Inst III Soc Sci Phil loan, Laguna 'TAPALES, Procupina, MPA, Staff, UP College of Normal College CAZENAS, Priscilla L., MA cand Stat, Staff, Ag­ Pub Ad ricultural Credit Administration, Mia TADERA, Romulado B., Ph D, Staff, UP College GERLOCK, Edward MM, MS Sociology, Faculty CHANGCO, Paz F., Assoc Prof II Educational of Pub Ad Asian Social Institute Stat Phil Normal College VARELA, Amelia, MPA, Staff, UP College of JARILLAS, Jose, MS cand Socio, Staff, Asian Pub Ad JIMENEZ, Frine, Prof Educational Stat Phil Social Insti tuta YOINGCO, Angel C., MPA Pub Ad 1953 Syra­ Normal College JAVIER, Encarnacion, Inst III Soc Sci Phil cuse U, Exec Director, National Tax Research Center Normal College OCHAVE, Jesus A., Inst II Educational Stat Phil Normal College YU, Gregorio, Faculty Public Ad Centro Escolar MAKIL, Lorna P., MA Socio 1970 U of Hawaii, U Director Social Science Research Center Silli· OJ\lATE, Burton, Ph 0 1960 Iowa State U, Chief man U Statistician, Asian Development Bank SOCIAL WORK MINA, Moises 0., Inst III Soc Sci Phil Normal PANGANIBAN, Elenita C., MBA Stat & Eco, College Staff, Central Bank of the Phil, Dept of Eco MONGE, Marcial M., MA cand Socio 1969 Research, Mia ALBAN, Olivia, MS Social Work cand, Super­ Divine Word U, Staffmember Leyte-Samar visor, SW field work, Asian Social Institute Research Center Divine Word U To 100" continued in our future issues 20/PSSC Social Science Information October 1914

Fellowship grantees Research projects the Southern Tagalog Region. Manuel F. Bo­ nifacio, Flora C. Lansang, Thelma Lee-Men­ Entry format: Grantee. Nature of grant Place doza, Evelina A. Pangalanan.ISWCD. Ongoing. Date. Grantor. Current researches and projects contemplated, Department of Social Welfare ongoing and completed for the period April to June 1974. Ester de JeSIJ~Amor. Research and Study Fellow­ The World View of the Sambal Aetas,~jJonathan ship. University of Hawaii. Open Grants Entry format: Title of research/project Project Malicsi. For a Ph.D. dissertation in Philippine' Division, East-West Center. Director. Home institution. Status of project Studies, U.P. Ongoing. Personal funds. Uni~ Rashid Cayongcat Ph. D. Northern Illinois Source of funding. versity. Academic year 1974-1975.U.S. Depart­ Contemplated - Forma! ,proposal drawn ment of State and Philippine-American Edu­ Ongoing - from preparatory activities after pro­ Recent publications cational Foundation (Fulbright). posal is approved to the stage before completion Jimmy Chu. M.A. Economics. University of the of final write-up. Philippines. First semester. 1974-1975 U.P. Completed - final write-up accomplished Entry format: Title. Author/Editor. Type. WhBJre School of Economics. Published (if it is an srticte] VoL no. Date. Page Uldarico Dati/es. Ph.D. Educational Technology. no. Home Institution. Price. Where available. Northern Illinois University. Fulbright. A Survey on Job Opportunities ofSan Jose, occ» Publisher. Gloria D. Feliciano, Inter-regional Project on dental Mindoro. John P. McSherry, SVD. Com:nunication Strategies in Development DWC, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro. con­ A Bibliography ofPhilippine Linguistics. Nobleza Programs. To be done on a cross-cultural templated. No source of fund yet. C. Asuncion-Lande. Southeast Asia 'Series, scale with University of Michigan, Social Re­ Center for International Studies, Ohio Univer. search Institutes in Cairo, Nairobi, Venezuela An Economic Study ofPasture Leases in the Phil­ sity, Athens. Ohio. $4.00. South America. United Nations Educational, ippines, U.P.L.B.Agricultural Credit and Co­ An Introduction to Biblical Anthropology. Basilio Scientific Cultural Organization. operative Institute. 0 ngoing. PCAR. p. Balajadis. DLSC. Cornelio Fornier. M.A. Economics. University of Attitudes of the Seniors of Mapa High School the Philippines. First semester, 1974-75. Towards Home Responsibilities. Gertrude P. Assessing Manpower and Material Resources for U.P. School of Economics. Uyenco. Completed. CEUGS. Bilingual Education: A Report Andrew GOD­ Pio P. Frago. Program of Advance Studies in Ad­ zalez, FSC and Leticia Postrado. 1974. United Contemporary Sulu. Ronaldo Bautista. Ongoing. ministration. University of Manchester. Sept. Publishing Co•• Manils. 6, 1975-Sept. 5, 1976. Colombo Plan. CEUGS. A Thematic History of Indonesian Poetry:: Eldigario Gonzales. M.A. Asian Studies. Univer­ Developing a Vocational Preparation Program for 1920-1974. Harry Aveling. 1974. VI. 90 Pp. sity of Hawaii. Academic years 1974-1976. out-ot-scbool Youths in the Philippines. Syl. East-West Center. via H. Guerrero.ISWCD. Ongoing. NMYC. Cebueno Literature: A n Annotated Bibliography.; Margarita Go Singco. M.A. Psychology. Univer- Rasil B. Mojares.Series A: Humanities No. Dietary and Food Management Practices of sity of Hawaii. Academic years 1974-76. 10. San Carlos Publications (in preparation). East-West Center. Homemakers in Selected Slum Area, in the city of M~nila. Estela F. Fernandez. Complete d. Teresita Maloles, M.A. Communications. Univer­ CORMOSEA Newsletter (Committee on Re-· CEUGS. sity of Hawaii. Academic years 1974-16. East· search Materials on Southeast Asia). Write to Charlas Bryant, the Editor. clo Southeast Asia West Center. Evaluation .ot 1973 National Demographic Sur­ Collection. Vale University Library, New Leoncio Miralao. Ph.D. Political Science. State vey. Wilhelm Flieger, SVD•. USC-UP Pope­ Haven, Conn. 06520; University of New York, Binghamton. Aca­ lation lnst, Ongoing. demic year 1974-1975. U.S. Department of State and Philippine-American Educational Family and Household Structure in Southeast Economic Cooperation in North Africa. Andre Foundation (Fulbright). Asia. Wilhelm .Flieger, SVD. USC-ODA. On­ Simmons. Nt:JV publication of the Developing going. Nations Monograph series. University of Ne­ Virginia Miralao. Ph.D. Sociology. Cornell Uni­ vada. The Overseas Research Center of Wake versity. Academic yeer 1974-1975.U.S. Depart­ Family Income and Expenditure Patterns in the Forest University. $2.75 plus postage. David ment of State and Philippine American Educa­ Philippines. Andres Soriano chair 'in Econo­ K. Evans and Philip J. Perricone,' eds. P;O. tional Foundation (Fulbright.l mics and the Graduate School of Business, Box 7806 Wake Forest University, W.inston Ma. Elisa S. Munda. Faculty-tellowship grant, U.F. Ongoing. PCAR. Salem. North Carolina 27109. Social Educational and Population Planning Project. Universt v of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Preparation of Census Monographs, Wilhelm Graduate and F.culty StudIes, Volume14 Annuall Ma. Socorro Ouisumbing. Ph.D. Behavioral Scien­ Flieger, SVD. USC-NCSO. Ongoing. Publication, Centro Escolar University grad.. uate School, ces. University of Chicago. Academic year Rice Production and Land Reform. Jose Cal­ F. Handbook for Labor Force Surveys. Willielml 1974-1975. U.S. Department of State and Phil­ deron. Completed. CEUGS. ippine-American Educational Foundation Flieger, SVD, with Teresa Sullivan. Chicagol (FuIbright l- Rural Indebtedness and Credit in Pampanga and lin press). Eli M.Remolona. M.A. Economics, University of Pangasinan Jesus' Montemayor, et-al.· U.P. Housing, Resettlement and Urban Develooment: Hawaii. Academic years 1974-1975. East-West A.R.I. Ongoing. A n . Annotated Bibliography. Rochelle C. Center. Agustin. Prepared for Towards New Towns in· Socio-economic Class, NCEE Scores and Motiva­ the Philippines: A Study of Large-Scale Com­ Antonio Rodriguez. M.A. Political Science. Uni­ tion of College Freshmen, 1974-75. Bi Chin munities in the Metro Manila Region•.UP­ versity of Hawaii. Academic years 1974-1976. uv. Ongoing. UNO-A. NSD8 Project No. 2 275-23. Manila Local East-West Center. The Food Culture of the People of Dologon, An Government Center. Nemia Sumalinog. M.A. Economics. University of Islend Barrio of Mindanao. Esther M. Cabo· Introductory Microeconomics. Rolando I. Gala­ no, Efren Bordador, eds, DLSC. the Philippines. First semester 1974-1975.U.P. tale. Ongoing. CEUGS. School of Economcis. Languages, Literature and Society: Working The Foreign Policy of the Philippines for Region­ Papers from the 1973 Conference of Ame­ Estela L. Yap. FAPE Fellowship on Management alCooperation Toward'Southeast Asia from ricanCouncil of Teachers of Uncommonly­ in Commercial Education. Jose Rizal College. 1945 to 1972. Estrella D. Solidum. NSDB Pro­ Taught Asian Languages (ACTUAL). Occ~ Fund for Assistance to Private Education. ject. sions! R.ports. Number one. David W. Del­ Fernando Zialcita M.AAsian Studies.University linger Ied.l, Center for Southeast Asian of Hawaii. Academic years 1974-76. East-West The Social Work Profession in the Philippines: Studies, Northern Illinois University, 'Dekalb, Center. Focus on Social Workers in Metro Manila and Illinois 60115. PSSC Social Science Information October 1974/,21

Librada Avelino: A Biography of the Founder "Bride Theft and Abduction of Women Among Peace Academy Tokyo Seminar. July 1974. of Centro Escolar University. Encarnacion Al­ the Tausug of Jolo: Some Cultural and zona. CEU. P25 paperbound, P32 cloth­ Psychological Factors."· Thomas M. Kiefer. An Annotated Bibliography of Philippine Biblio­ bound. Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society. graphies: 7964-74. Donn V. Hart. Monograph. Vol. 2; .No, 3. September 1974. Sari Carlos Northern Illinois University. About 150pp. Martial Law in the Philippines - A Consitutional Publications. Completed August 1974. Revolution. Col, Claro C. Gloria. Central L_ book Publishing Co., Inc. "History and National Development:' AiJrelio B. Calderon. Solidarity. February 1974. An Assessment of the Leadership Behavlofl of MartialLaw in the Philippines: A ResearchGuide Administrators, Faculty and Staff Members of "Martial Law and the Philippines: a Personal Araulio Lyceum, Cabanatuan City, 797~74. and Working Bibliography. Tom Walsh. South­ Perspective:' Michael p. Onorato. Asian Pro­ Leonila V. Cruz. CEUGS. east Asia Working Papers. Asian Studies Prog­ file. December 1973. ram, University of HawaiI. Notes on the Religious Beliefs and Rituals of A Structural Sketch of Halitaq Baytan ( A Sam­ the Ami of Formosa...· John Tu Er·Wei. Philir; bal A eta "ialeed • Jonathan Malicsi. MA tliesis Philippine Bibliography, 7899- 7946. ,Michael P. pine Quarterly of Culture and Society (peCS) (linguistics) April 1974. Onorato. Santa Barbara, California. Vol. 2, No.3. September 1974.S8n Carlos Barbara, CA 93103. PUblications. Lanti: Sicknessby Fright: A Bisayan Filipino Syndrome.;Donn V. Hart Article. Northem il­ Philippine Bibliography, 7899-7946. Michael P, "Selected Features of Hiligaynon Intonation: An linois University. 45 pp. C,ompleted A ugus t Instrumental Study". lourdes Y. Varela. Phi~' Onorato. Sante Barbara, California. ABC-elio, 1974. 1968. p.O. Box 4397, Santa Barbara, CA 93­ ippine Quarterly of Culture and Society. Vol. 103. 2, No. 3. September 1974. San Carlos Publica­ Ritua/;Kinship in the Philippines. Donn V. Hart. tions. Philippine Prospect Bureau of National and Book manuscript. Northern Illinois Univer­ Foreign Information,'Ben'eficial Life Building, "Social Mobility in Mansillngan, Baoolod City." sity-o 325pp. Completed August 1974. Solana, Intramuros, Manila. Bi Chin Uy. Article. OAR Quarterly. UNO-R. Role Perception of Head Teachers and the Ex­ pecta"iions of the Immediete Supervisors ,~nd The Imeg of the Northern Philippines: A Study "SoCio-Economic Development and Democratiza. of Trends of Change and DevelopmeRt Hu­ 'Subordinates in the' Division of Northern tion in the Philippines." ·C. Neal Tate. Compa' Samar: A Relocentric Study. Pedro Tejero. bert Reynolds. Silliman University. Anthropo­ rative Political Studies. O~maguete CEUGS. logy Museum, City, Philippines, "The Bisava of Borneo and the Philippines: A 1973. $3.30 including postage. Socialization Patterns of the Maranaos of Camp New Look at the Maragtas." ·Joseph Baum­ Amai Pakpak, Marawi City and their Implit» The Labor Utilization Approach to the Measure­ Cu~ gartner, SVD. Philippine Quarterly of tions for Education. Constancia S. Peda, ment of the Work Force. Wilhelm Flieger, ture and Society. Vol. 2 No.3, September SVD. Proceedings of the 1974 Annual Con­ CEUGS. 1974. San Carlos Publications. The Filipino Women Educators: Factors Asso­ vention of the Philippine Statistical Associa­ The Culture of the Mamanua. Marcelino Maceda. tion, Manila 1974. ciated with Their A ttainment and Use of tileir (reprint). Careers. Remedios S. Cordeta. CEUGS. The Philippine Church. Arthur Tuggy. 1973. Wm. The Images of the Priest in Bisayan Folklore. B. Erdman's P,ublishing cc., 255 Jefferson Unpublished papers Donn V. Hart and Harriet E. Hart. Northern Avenue, S.E. Grand Rapids, Ml 49502. Illinois University. Article. 50pp. Completed Entry format: Title. Author/Researcher. Type. August 1974. Page No. Home Institution. Funding Institution. "A 'Progress Report on the Magsuhot Excavations The Perceptions of Women in Taipei, Seoul and Where Presented. Date. in Bacong, Negros Oriental, Summer 1974:' Tokyo of their Role in National Development Rosa C.P. Tenazas. Philippine Ouarterly of and How Culture Limits such Role. Estralla Culture and Society. VOl, 2,No. 3. September A Divisible and Graduated Peace. Estrella D. Soli­ D. Solidum. ASPAC Research Report. August 1974. Sari Carlos PUblications. dum. Paper delivered at the International 1974. Legend:

ACCI tl,gricultural Credit and Cooperatives Institute MBA Master of Business Administration AdM U Ataneo de Manila University MPA Master of Public Administration Anthro Anthropology MS, MSc Master of Sclenca ASI Asian Social Institute MSU Mindanao State University AslOc Prof Associate Professor Natl National NMPC Pro~uction Asst Prof Assistant Professor National Media Center Cand Candidate NMYC National Manpower and Youth Council CEUGS Centro Esoolar University Graduate School NSDB National Science Development Board CRC Center for Research and Communication aDA Organization of Demographic Associates DAP Development Academy of the Philippines PCAR Philippine Council for Agricultural Researchl Demog Demography Ph D Doctor of Philosophy Dept Department Pres President Devt Development Psych Psychology DWC Divine Word College PWU Philippine Women's University Eco Economics SGV .Sycip, Gorres and Velayo Ed D Doctor of Education Stl,lC Student Educ Education SoN Social Work Exec Executive U University FEU Far Eastern University UCLA University of California In Los Angeles Geog Geography UNO-R University of Negros Occidental - Recoletos Geol Geology UP University of the Philippines Inst Instructor UP ALEC UP Asian Labor Education Center IRRI Intemational Rice Research Institute UPARI UP Agrarian Reform Institute ISWCD Institute of Social Work and Community UP CAS UP College of Arts and Sciences Development UPLB UP Collage at Los Baflos MA Master of Arts USC University of San Carlos 22/PSSC Social Science Infromation October 1974

Studies and Development at Pattaya, Thai­ sultation-observation tours of learning ln­ Social scientists on the move land on October 15 to 19. stitutlons in the East and West coasts. The purpose of the meeting is to incor­ porate into the planning and study process Wilfredo Arce, chairman of the Socio­ ARRIVALS the environmental consequences that socio­ logy-Anthropology Department, Ateneo de I economic development of various kinds Manila, will be the Philippine member of .~ Rot» Mar/ay, Ph. D. candidate in poli­ entails. the .Regional Review Comrittee of the tical science at the Northern Illinois'Uni­ Ford Foundation that will be meeting on versity arrived in Manila recently to con­ Nelia G. Casambre, chairman of the UP November 27 and 28 in Singapore. duct researches on public policy and water Institute for Language Teaching, arrived re­ pollution abatement in Manila Bay. While cently from Singapore where she partici­ Vitaliano Bernardino, executive director in the Philippines, he is affiliated with the pated at the ASAIHL conference on of the Philippine-American Educational U.P. College of Public Administration. "Language Teaching in Institutions of Foundation (PAEF) will leave for Bang­ Andrew Gonzales, FSC, De La Salle Higher Learning in Southeast Asian Coun­ kok, Thailand early in November to assume College vice president for academic affairs, tries." She read her paper on "Developing his post as director of the Southeast Asia arrived recently after representing the coun­ English Language Competence in Ins­ Ministers of Education Secretariat try in a month-long Ford Foundation eva­ titutions of Higher Learning with Special (SEAMES). luation-study committee conducted in four Reference to Reading and Compre­ Asian countries. The study-survey commit­ hension." The conference was held from .Mary R. Hol/nsteiner and Frank Lynch, S.J. IPC director and resident con­ tee evaluated the Southeast Asian fellow­ September 23 to 30. ship program of the Ford Foundation. sultant respectively, will attend a seminar Leonidas S. Tan, chairman of the De­ Several Philippine social scientists visit­ workshop on problems of field data col-· partment of Economics, University of San ed Northern Illinois University's Center for lection in developing countries. The meet­ Carlos participated in the Land Reform Southeast Asian Studies. Among them ing, jointly sponsored by the Agricultural Seminar held in Taoyun, Taiwan last July were: Francisco Demetrio, SJ, director of Development Program ·(New York and 12 to 26. The Philippines' Department of Xavier University's Folklore Program and Singapore) and the International Corn and Agrarian Reform and Department of Museum;· Gerard Rixhon, director of Notre Wheat Improvement Center in Mexico Education and Welfare and Republic of Dame of Jolo College Coordinated Investi­ City will be held on October 27 to Nov­ China's The Council for International Eco­ ember 2. gation of Sulu Culture; Napoleon Casambre, nomic Cooperation and Development and professor of history at the University of Land Reform Training Institute jointly Mrs. Hollnsteiner's paper dwelt on the Philippines who served as visiting prof­ sponsored the meeting. "Problems of Field Research in the Philip­ essor at the University of Kansas (Law­ pines," while Fr. Lynch prepared one on rence) this year; and Vitaliano Bernardino, "Question Types and Sampling Designs in executive director of the Philippine-Ame­ Survey Research: Rethought Categories rican Educational Foundation, who gave a and Rules for Choice." lecture on new trends in public education in the Philippines. APPOINTMENTS Victor Ordonez, dean of the Graduate School, De La Salle College arrived recent­ David L. Szanton, project specialist on Iy from the University of Wisconsin after-­ TAN Asian Studies of Ford Foundation, Bang­ delivering a series of lectures. He also parti­ kok will be leaving the Foundation at the cipated in the Institute of Educational Patrocinio D. Escobar, research asso­ end of the year to join the Social Science Management at Harvard University under a ciate at the U.P. office of the Vice Pres­ Research Council (SSRC) in New York Ford Foundation grant. ident for Academic Affairs, arrived recent­ starting February 1. Leandro Romero, director of the An­ ly from the London School of Economics dres Soriano Memorial School in Lutopan, with a diploma on "Social Policy and Plan­ Jose Abueva, professor of public admi­ nistration, UniversitY of the Philippines, Cebu, which is one of the supervised ning for Development." She undertook the will take over Szanton's post. schools in La Salle's Extension Programs, one-year diploma course under the Colom­ represented his institution in a Clinical bo Plan to be credited for the Ph. D. pro­ Workshop held in Singapore from August 8 gram in which she enrolled before she left to 23. The workshop was jointly sponsored as an external student. by the Institute for Development of Educa­ tional Activities Inc. and the Office of DEPARTUR.ES Overseas Schools of the U.S. State Depart­ ment. Rev. Carleton L. Reimer, Lutheran mis­ Dauday Tago, professor of government sionary from Mindanao will spend. his sal> at the Mindanao State University returned batical year at the Northern Illinois Univer· recently from Cairo, Egypt after corn­ sity studying Southeast Asia with special VARELA HEBERT pleting his Ph. D. in political science at the emphasis on Muslim Filipino culture and Cairo University. Just recently, he was society. The University of San Carlos Board of appointed deputy executive director of the Patricio R. Ceballos, dean, De La Salle Trustees has approved the appointment of Philippine Muslim Information Center. College School of Arts and Sciences left Lourdes Varela as dean of, USC's Graduate the country in August to participate in School effective June 8,1974. Mercedes B. Concepcion attended the four professional development programs in Paul Hebert, FSC, De La Salle College Expert Group Meeting on Environmental the United States and engage in two con- vice president for research and develop- _ PSSC Social Science Information October 1974/23

ment was invited to be a member of the Education (FAPE) while Adrian Arcelo national Federation of Social Workers Board of Consultants for the forthcoming was appointed vice-president. The .an­ (IFSW) during its council meeting heidi at "International Encyclopedia of Higher nouncement was made by Education Nairobi, Kenya recently. She was first elec­ Education." He joins a distinguished Secretary Juan Manuel, chairman of the ted to the post in 1972 at the Hague, 1"<1e­ international group of educators who will FAPE board of trustees. Until his appoint­ therlands. She is the first Asian to occupy be consulted on the content, authors and ment, Felipe has served with FAPE in the Federation's highest post. scope of the articles to be included in the various capacities as consultant, program encyclopedia. director, vice-president for operations, Leonardo Z. Legaspi; O.P., rector of the NCEE program director and officer-in­ University of Sto. Tomas has been ap­ Agapita Palma, M.A. in journalism, has charge. Arcelo was a Ford Foundation pointed president of the commission on accepted a position as instructor in grantee to Macquarie University in Austra­ studies of the Dominican order. He is the journalism at the Kishwaukee Community lia where he was working on his doctorate first Asian to hold the position. At the College in Dekalb, Illinois. Formerly a degree in economics prior to his appoint­ same time, he was also elected member of faculty member at the University of San ment. the Dominican's general chapter steering Carlos in Cebu City, she attended Northern Justin Lucian, FSC, former chairman of committee which gives the final decisions Illinois University as a Fulbright scholar. the De La Salle Graduate School's on matters affecting the chapter.

# Gloria D. Feliciano, dean, U.P. Institute of Mass Communication, was elected recently to the Board of Directors of the Asian Mass Communication Research and Information Center (AMIC) with offices at Singapore. This is her second term to serve with the AMIC board. At the same time, she was granted a professorial appointment to the U.P. Law Research Council. FELIPE LEGASPI FERNAN Pedro Sandoval has been appointed ()epartment of Guidance and Counselling executive director of the newly created Marcelo G. Fernan, chairman of theurn­ was conferred the degree of Doctor of Center for Policy and Development Stu­ versity of San Carlos Board of Trustees was Humanities (Honoris Causa) by the Board dies, U.P. at Los Banos. recently elected secretary-general of the lfl­ of Trustees of St. Paul College Dumaguete ternational and Comparative Law Center of recently. the Southwestern Legal Foundation at Abraham Felipe was appointed pres­ Teresita L. Silva, PBSP Associate Di­ Dallas, Texas. . ident of the Fund for Assistance to Private rector was reelected president of the Inter-

Summary of the discussions ..... From psge B meaningful communication between social sciences a central place in inter­ six wise men from all regions of the scientists. national assistance programmes as a pre­ world, who participated in the UNESCO It was proposed that a common tech­ requisite ·to development planning. They Round Table on Social Research Policy nical centre be established in each region found that activities in this field by and Organization: 'The (first develop­ which, in particular, would assist smaller UNESCO and other international bodies ment) decade has also seen some excellent countries, As the report puts it: "The dev­ . have hitherto been marginal and scattered. research and the development by leaps elopment of at least one regional social and bounds of methodological sophis­ science documentation centre, computer Whatever the reasons for the low tication in the social sciences. In fact, centre and data bank in each region of priority which the international organ­ social science today stands at the thres­ the world, functionally articulated with izations have hitherto given to expanding hold of great expectations. Computer other national centres of the region, is national and regional resources for social technology and the formal and empirical called for in this second decade of dev­ research in developing countries, the time methods which are now being diffused elopment. This triple effort would call for is now ripe for forceful action. It is my into all the social sciences have reoriented fairly large resource allocations, but conviction that funds from the United the entire spectrum of social science dis­ would have a demonstration effect and Nations Development Programme and the ciplines and ~lven them an integrated im­ greatly enhance the national and regional International Bank for Reconstruction pact which no single discipline could utility of the social sciences in the next and Development and concerted action by formerly make. The social sciences are decade. Hence these centres would need the Specialized Agencies and the United thus becoming more operational and to be future-oriented, adequately staffed Nations Regional Economic Commissions plavlnq an increasingly important role in and financed, and have a large flexible should be set aside for the maximum the application of science and technology. capacity for expansion in various needed support of institution-building for social We foresee that the needs for social areas. research on a large scale. science are going to escalate as they The round table participants empha­ become integrated into a total scientific sized that in the Second Development Let me conclude with one more system applicable to the modernization of Decade it would be necessary to give the quotation from the report of the twenty- man: ~.. October 1974 I~

Announcements (Cont'd)

From page3

The College also makes it possible for stu­ University in need of a rector causes, and distribution in order to provide me­ 'dents to serve Internships with various busineSiet in terials for policies and programs geared towards ~ the' Chicago area. These internships, including a The world body of nations is in search of minimizing or eliminating poverty. I· modest honorarium for associated expenses, are someone who will fill one of the world's newest The study, Manila Scavengers: The Struggle with multinational business organizations, many and most challenging academic positions: Rector for Urban Survival by William J. Keyes, S.J., Is al I of whom have regional offices in Southeast Asia. of the United Nations Universitv. substudy report of the project on urbanization, At the same time, all persons Interested in poverty, and population policy. This substudy re­ NIU's Southeast Asia Program are advised to Member states of the United Nations and the port focuses on scavenging as an occupation write directly to: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cul­ symbolic of urban poverty. It discusses the sys­ tural Organization (UNESCO) as well as other tem in which individual scavengers operate and at Prof. Donn V. Hert institutions are requested to submit namas for the same time analyzes scave'nging as an econo­ Director the post. A short list of three to five names will be mic activity. By comparing the distribution of Center for Southee«Asian Studies submitted by a nominating committee to the the economic benefits of those involved in the North~nIHmo~UnwMsfty University Council, governing body of the new system, the stody finds that the scavenger get a DtlKlllb, Illinois 60 t t5 proportionally small share of the value of what . -- ...... -. - -,... autonomous network of post-graduate insti he collects. All letters of inquiry must indicate the degree tutions, before a decision is taken. Another part of this Poverty Research Series lOullht and the department where the applicant UN Secretary-Gimeral Kurt Waldheim will is a substudy report on the sar~sari store in the wishes to enroll. appoint the new Rector with the agreement of urban setting by Simeon G. Silverio, Jr. This NIU catalogs and materials for the Center are Director General Rene Mahen of UNESCO, joint study discusses the role of the sari-sari store in available at all USIS libraries throughout South­ sponsors of the university. efforts to cope with poverty in low- and middle­ east Asia including libraries of major universities income urban communities. in these countries. The seme materials have also bien sent to all Peace Corps offices both national The University Council will focus on research and regional. on what it considers "pressing global problems of ~ human survival, development and welfare." Its , approach will be primarily action-oriented, multi­ Republic of the EWC offers professional disciplinary and universal. Philippines, development courses Department of Public The Council, on its first two sessions, discuss­ Works and Communications, ed possible programs for the UN University and The East-West Center Communications Ins­ Bureau of Posts, its probebls commencement of operations by Manila titute will hold two modular professional devel­ next year. By that time, it is hoped, a rector will opment programs in population, information, SWORN STATEMENT have been selected who will propose the univer­ Required bv Act 2580 education and communication on February 10 to sity's program and budget to the council. April and Oct. 20 to Dec. 13, 1975. The undersigned, Rebecca T. Ducusin, Man­ Applicants must be currently engaged in pop­ aging Editor, Soci.al Science Information, ulation and family planning program activities or published quarterly in English at 53-C A. will occupy responsible positions in population, Roces Ave., Quezon CitY, after having been information, education and communication witt! IPC initiafes Poverty Seriel dulv sworn in, accordance with law, hereby the potential to act as IEC consultants and ad­ submits: the following statement of owner­ visors. Another requirement is proficiency in the ship, management, and circulation, which is English language. 'The Institute of Philippine Culture has re­ required bV Act 2580, as amanoud bV Com­ Interested persons are requested to com­ leased the first volume of Its Pover\y Research monwealth Act 201: municate with the PhilippinetAmerican Edu­ Series In an effort to meet the need for research Editor: Dennis G. Teves, of P.O. Box 655 cational Foundation, Teodorica Apts., 1148 materials on poverty. The Series aims to publiSh Greenhills, Rizal Roxas Boulevard, Manila with telephone number the findings of IPC research studies on the pro­ Managing editor: Rebecca T. Ducusin of P.O. 501044 or 598011 local 33B. blems of mass poverty, its nature, components, Box 655 Greenhills, Riza! Business Manager: Oscar Clemente of P. 0 Box 655 Greenhills, Rizal Owner: Philippine Social Science Council of P.O. Box 655. GreenhUI,. Rizal Get your social science publication needs from: publisher; Philippine Social Science Council of P.O. Box 655 Greenhills, Rizal Printer: ~alavaan Press, Muelle de la Indus­ CENTRAL SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE tria, Binondo, Manila 53-C Races Ave., Quezon City Office of publication: 53·C A. Roces Ave.,' Tel. 99-97-64 Quezon CitY Number of copies ptinted and circulated of the last issue dated Januarv 1974: Philippine Sociological Review IPC Papers Sent to paid SUbscribers, 520; sent to other, than paid subscribers, 480; total. 1,000. Signed: Rebecca T. Ducusin, Managing Editor Philippine Statistician Philippine Journal ofPsychology Social Science Information Subscribed and sworn to before me this third day of April 1974 at Manila, the affiant ex­ Philippine Economic Journal Social Science Information h ibiting Residence Certificate A-9839023, issued at Manila on March 15, 1974. Signed:Pedro C. Tugao.m Social Work Philippine Journal of Linguistics Postal Inspector Note: This form is exempt from the payment of the documentary stamp tax. Journal of History Sulu Studies Entered as second class mail matter on April 3. 1974.