268 Part 522—Implantation Or Injectable Dosage Form
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Betamethasone
Betamethasone Background Betamethasone is a potent, long-acting, synthetic glucocorticoid widely used in equine veterinary medicine as a steroidal anti-inflammatory.1 It is often administered intra-articularly for control of pain associated with inflammation and osteoarthritis.2 Betamethasone is a prescription medication and can only be dispensed from or upon the request of a http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betamethasone#/media/File:Betamethasone veterinarian. It is commercially available .png in a variety of formulations including BetaVet™, BetaVet Soluspan Suspension® and Betasone Aqueous Suspension™.3 Betamethasone can be used intra-articularly, intramuscularly, by inhalation, and topically.4 When administered intra-articularly, it is often combined with other substances such as hyaluronan.5 Intra-articular and intramuscular dosages range widely based upon articular space, medication combination protocol, and practitioner preference. Betamethasone is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist which binds to various glucocorticoid receptors setting off a sequence of events affecting gene transcription and the synthesis of proteins. These mechanisms of action include: • Potential alteration of the G protein-coupled receptors to interfere with intracellular signal transduction pathways • Enhanced transcription in many genes, especially those involving suppression of inflammation. • Inhibition of gene transcription – including those that encode pro-inflammatory substances. The last two of these are considered genomic effects. This type of corticosteroid effect usually occurs within hours to days after administration. The genomic effects persist after the concentrations of the synthetic corticosteroid in plasma are no longer detectable, as evidenced by persistent suppression of the normal production of hydrocortisone following synthetic corticosteroid administration.6 When used judiciously, corticosteroids can be beneficial to the horse. -
Outcome of Different Therapeutic Interventions in Mild COVID-19 Patients in a Single OPD Clinic of West Bengal: a Retrospective Study
medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.08.21252883; this version posted March 12, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license . Title page Outcome of Different Therapeutic Interventions in Mild COVID-19 Patients in a Single OPD Clinic of West Bengal: A Retrospective study Running Title: Mild COVID-19 and the Buffet of Treatments: A case series Sayak Roy1, Shambo Samrat Samajdar2, Santanu K Tripathi3, Shatavisa Mukherjee4, Kingshuk Bhattacharjee5 1. Consultant Physician, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Medica Superspeciality Hospital, Kolkata; ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6185-9375 2. Senior Resident, Dept of Clinical & Experimental Pharmacology, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata. 3. Dean (Academics) and Head, Dept of Pharmacology, Netaji Subhash Medical College & Hospital, Bihta, Patna 4. PhD Research Scholar, Dept of Clinical & Experimental Pharmacology, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9524-1525 5. Independent Biostatistician, Kolkata Corresponding Author: Dr. Sayak Roy 609, G.T.Road, Battala, Serampore, Hooghly, WB, India; PIN – 712201 Email: [email protected] Words: 1906 Tables: 2 References: 20 Informed Consent and Institutional ethical clearance: Taken Conflicts of interest: None Funding: None Acknowledgement: None Data availability: Available on request with the corresponding author NOTE: This preprint reports new research that has not been certified by peer review and should not be used to guide clinical practice. 1 medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.08.21252883; this version posted March 12, 2021. -
Exploring the Activity of an Inhibitory Neurosteroid at GABAA Receptors
1 Exploring the activity of an inhibitory neurosteroid at GABAA receptors Sandra Seljeset A thesis submitted to University College London for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 2016 Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology University College London Gower Street WC1E 6BT 2 Declaration I, Sandra Seljeset, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I can confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 3 Abstract The GABAA receptor is the main mediator of inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Its activity is regulated by various endogenous molecules that act either by directly modulating the receptor or by affecting the presynaptic release of GABA. Neurosteroids are an important class of endogenous modulators, and can either potentiate or inhibit GABAA receptor function. Whereas the binding site and physiological roles of the potentiating neurosteroids are well characterised, less is known about the role of inhibitory neurosteroids in modulating GABAA receptors. Using hippocampal cultures and recombinant GABAA receptors expressed in HEK cells, the binding and functional profile of the inhibitory neurosteroid pregnenolone sulphate (PS) were studied using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. In HEK cells, PS inhibited steady-state GABA currents more than peak currents. Receptor subtype selectivity was minimal, except that the ρ1 receptor was largely insensitive. PS showed state-dependence but little voltage-sensitivity and did not compete with the open-channel blocker picrotoxinin for binding, suggesting that the channel pore is an unlikely binding site. By using ρ1-α1/β2/γ2L receptor chimeras and point mutations, the binding site for PS was probed. -
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Catalog HPD-5E ® CREATING A HEALTHY WORLDTM Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) Available for International Markets Human Pharmaceutical Department www.Pharmapex.net Catalog HPD-5E *Not all products referred to on this site are available in all countries and our products are subject to different regulatory requirements depending on the country of use. Consequently, certain sections of this site may be indicated as being intended only for users in specic countries. Some of the products may also be marketed under different trade names. You should not construe anything on this site as a promotion or solicitation for any product or for the use of any product that is not authorized by the laws and regulations of your country of residence. For inquiries about the availability of any specic product in your country, you may simply contact us at [email protected]. **Products currently covered by valid US Patents may be offered for R&D use in accordance with 35 USC 271(e)+A13(1). Any patent infringement and resulting liability is solely at buyer risk. ©2016, Pharmapex USA, A member of Apex Group of Companies, All Rights Reserved. Toll-Free: 1.844.PHARMAPEX Fax: + 1.619.881.0035 ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL [email protected] CREATING A HEALTHY WORLD™ www.Pharmapex.net INGREDIENTS About Pharmapex’s Human Pharmaceuticals Department: Pharmapex’s Human Pharmaceuticals Department (HPD) is a leading source for high-quality Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) and Finished Pharmaceutical Products (FPPs) in various markets across the globe. With an extensive product portfolio, our consortium of companies is dedicated to addressing and solving the most important medical needs of our time, including oncology (e.g., multiple myeloma and prostate cancer), neuroscience (e.g., schizophrenia, dementia and pain), infectious disease (e.g., HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis C and tuberculosis), and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (e.g., diabetes). -
Review Article
REVIEW ARTICLE COLLAGEN METABOLISM COLLAGEN METABOLISM Types of Collagen 228 Structure of Collagen Molecules 230 Synthesis and Processing of Procollagen Polypeptides 232 Transcription and Translation 233 Posttranslational Modifications 233 Extracellular Processing of Procollagen and Collagen Fibrillogenesis 240 Functions of Collagen in Connective rissue 243 Collagen Degradation 245 Regulation of the Metabolism of Collagen 246 Heritable Diseases of Collagen 247 Recessive Dermatosparaxis 248 Recessive Forms of EDS 251 EDS VI 251 EDS VII 252 EDS V 252 Lysyl Oxidase Deficiency in the Mouse 253 X-Linked Cutis Laxa 253 Menke's Kinky Hair Syndrome 253 Homocystinuria 254 EDS IV 254 Dominant Forms of EDS 254 Dominant Collagen Packing Defect I 255 Dominant and Recessive Forms of Osteogenesis Imperfecta 258 Dominant and Recessive Forms of Cutis Laxa 258 The Marfan Syndrome 259 Acquired Diseases and Repair Processes Affecting Collagen 259 Acquired Changes in the Types of Collagen Synthesis 260 Acquired Changes in Amounts of Collagen Synthesized 263 Acquired Changes in Hydroxylation of Proline and Lysine 264 Acquired Changes in Collagen Cross-Links 265 Acquired Defects in Collagen Degradation 267 Conclusion 267 Bibliography 267 Collagen Metabolism A Comparison of Diseases of Collagen and Diseases Affecting Collagen Ronald R. Minor, VMD, PhD COLLAGEN CONSTITUTES approximately one third of the body's total protein, and changes in synthesis and/or degradation of colla- gen occur in nearly every disease process. There are also a number of newly described specific diseases of collagen in both man and domestic animals. Thus, an understanding of the synthesis, deposition, and turnover of collagen is important for the pathologist, the clinician, and the basic scientist alike. -
Product Portfolio
API Product Portfolio Hovione has developed a range of particle engineered Particle Engineered APIs APIs with superior powder properties that will address the challenges of your formulation development. Corticosteroids PRODUCT ROUTE OF CAS CUSTOMIZED REGULATORY ADMINISTRATION NUMBER PARTICLE SIZE STATUS Beclomethasone Dipropionate Anhydrous Inhalation Nasal Oral Topical 5534-09-08 Beclomethasone Dipropionate Monohydrate Inhalation Nasal 77011-63-3 US DMF Betamethasone Acetate Ophtalmic Injectable 987-24-6 US DMF Betamethasone Disodium Phosphate Ophtalmic Injectable Topical 151-73-5 US DMF, JP DMF Fluticasone Furoate Inhalation Nasal 397864-44-7 US DMF CEP, US DMF, JP DMF, Fluticasone Propionate Inhalation Nasal Topical 80474-14-2 CN DMF Halobetasol Propionate Topical 66852-54-8 US DMF Hydrocortisone Aceponate Topical 74050-20-7 ASMF & VMF Mometasone Furoate Anhydrous Inhalation Nasal Topical 83919-23-7 CEP, US DMF, JP DMF Mometasone Furoate Monohydrate Inhalation Nasal 141646-00-6 CEP, US DMF, JP DMF LABA/LAMA PRODUCT ROUTE OF CAS CUSTOMIZED REGULATORY ADMINISTRATION NUMBER PARTICLE SIZE STATUS Aclidinium Bromide Inhalation 320345-99-1 US DMF Glycopyrronium Bromide Inhalation 51186-83-5 US DMF Salmeterol Xinafoate Inhalation 94749-08-3 CEP, US DMF Indacaterol Maleate Inhalation 312753-06-3 DEV Olodaterol Sulphate Inhalation 869477-96-3 DEV Salbutamol Inhalation 18559-94-9 GMP, TECH PACK Tiotropium Bromide Monohydrate Inhalation 136310-93-5 DEV Umeclidinium Bromide Inhalation 869113-09-7 DEV, TECH PACK Vilanterol Trifenatate Inhalation 503070-58-4 GMP, TECH PACK Hovione provides the peace of mind of a high quality Security of supply manufacturer who is a founding member of Rx-360 and has an unblemished regulatory track record. -
Product List
Arena Product List A Cabazitaxel (Under Development) Acebutolol HCl Calcitriol N-Acetyl-L-Asparagine Calcifediol N-Acetyl-L-Aspartic Acid Calcipotriol Monohydrate Acexamic Acid (Upon Request) Canrenoate K Aesculin Canrenone micronised Agomelatine (Under Development) Capecitabine Alfacalcidol Captopril Alimemazine Tartrate Carbamizole Aliskiren Fumarate (Under Development) Carbasalate Calcium Altizide Carbomers Amcinonide Acetyl Thiazolidin Carboxylic Acid Amifostine L-Carnitine Base Amiodarone HCl (Upon Request) Acetyl-L-Carnitine HCl Amisulpride (Upon Request) Acetyl Carnosine Amitriptyline HCl L-Carnosine Apomorphine HCl Cefaclor L-Arginine Base Cefalexin Monohydrate L-Arginine-L-Aspartate Cefamandole Nafate Sterile L-Arginine-L-Glutamate Cefazedone Sodium Sterile Aripiprazole (Under Development) Cefepime HCL Artesunate (Upon Request) Cefmetazole Artemether (Upon Request) Cefmetazole Sodium Sterile Articaine HCl Cefminox Sodium Sterile L-Asparagine Anyhdrous Cefodizime Disodium L-Asparagine Monohydrate Cefodizime Sodium Sterile DL-Aspartic Acid Magnesium Salt Cefotetan DL-Aspartic Acid Magnesium + Potassium Salt Cefotetan Sodium Sterile DL-Aspartic Acid Potassium Salt Cefozopran (Under Development) L-Aspartic Acid Sodium Salt Monohydrate Cefsulodin (Under Development) Atovaquone (Under Development) Cefsulodin Sodium Sterile Azacitidine (Under Development) Cefuroxime Sodium Azathioprine Powder Cefuroxime Sodium Sterile Centella Asiatica Extract B Cephacetrile Sodium Sterile Baclofen Cetirizine HCl Beclomethasone Base Cetrimide Powder -
Sample Chapter
LCMS_Chap09 (JB-D) 8/5/06 3:14 pm Page 193 9 LC-MS in doping control Detlef Thieme Introduction adjacent fields with similar analytical prospects, like veterinary residue control (predominantly dealing with identification of growth promoters Definition of doping in various matrices), forensic sciences (the major- ity of doping-relevant substances are scheduled Doping analysis comprises a diversity of sub- as controlled substances in most countries), stance classes with different pharmaceutical and environmental analysis (e.g. steroids in waste chemical properties. Therefore, the discussion of water) or clinical chemistry (e.g. due to the the suitability of liquid chromatography-mass increasing relevance of steroid hormone replace- spectrometry (LC-MS) in doping analysis needs ment therapy). to distinguish various categories. This chapter describes the key fields of appli- According to its formal definition, a doping cation of LC-MS in routine doping control (i.e. violation in sports can be caused by various screening analysis, confirmation and quantifica- events, e.g.: tion of positive results) extra to particular • the detection of a prohibited substance or research activities. The latter are focused on the metabolites or markers of that substance (as intended technical improvements (e.g. extension defined by the recent document [1] of the of detection time windows, reduction of turn- World Anti-Doping Agency [WADA]) in the around times and costs) of conventional analyti- athlete’s specimen cal procedures and, in particular, on the detection • the use of prohibited substances or methods of prohibited substances that cannot be ade- • possession or trafficking prohibited substances quately identified so far (e.g. -
A Pilot Study of the Safety and Initial Efficacy of Ivermectin for The
ALCOHOLISM:CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH Vol. 40, No. 6 June 2016 A Pilot Study of the Safety and Initial Efficacy of Ivermectin for the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder Daniel J. O. Roche, Megan M. Yardley, Katy F. Lunny, Stan G. Louie, Daryl L. Davies, Karen Miotto, and Lara A. Ray Background: Ivermectin (IVM) is an antiparasitic agent that has been shown to reduce alcohol intake in mice, suggesting IVM as a potential treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, the safety profile of IVM administered in combination with an intoxicating dose of alcohol has not been characterized in humans. Methods: This pilot project sought to provide the first clinical evidence that IVM could be reposi- tioned as an AUD pharmacotherapy by examining (i) the safety of combining IVM (30 mg oral , once a day [QD]) with an intoxicating dose of intravenous alcohol (0.08 g/dl) and (ii) the effects of IVM on alcohol cue-induced craving and subjective response to alcohol. Eleven individuals with AUD partici- pated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study in which they received the study medica- tion, participated in a cue exposure paradigm followed by intravenous alcohol administration, and remained in an inpatient unit overnight for observation. Results: IVM treatment, versus placebo, did not increase the number or severity of adverse effects during alcohol administration or throughout the visit. However, IVM did not reduce cue-induced crav- ing nor did it significantly affect subjective response to alcohol. Conclusions: These results suggest that IVM (30 mg oral, QD) is safe in combination with an intoxi- cating dose of alcohol, but do not provide evidence that this dose of IVM is effective in reducing alcohol craving or its reinforcing effects. -
Ivermectin and Human Immunity Protocol ID
Cover Sheet Clinicaltrials.gov ID NCT03459794 Protocol Ivermectin and human immunity ID#STUDY00005069 Adrian Adrian PI: Primary Contact: Wolstenholme Wolstenholme Submission Initial Study Type: IRB Brooke Harwell Parent Protocol: Coordinator: Review Category: Approved 9/27/2017 Date: Expiration 7/11/2018 Date: Print: STUDY00005069 - Ivermectin and human immunity https://ovpr-click-prod.ovpr.uga.edu/uga-ovpr/ResourceAdministration/P... Date: Monday, November 26, 2018 12:06:50 PM View: SF: Basic Information UGA v2 Section 1 - Basic Information 1. * Title of Study: If the study is/will be funded, the IRB recommends The effects of ivermectin on the normal human matching the title in the funding proposal. immune system 2. * Short Title: This can match the long title or be shortened if your Ivermectin and human immunity project uses an acronym or nickname; however, all system generated lists, searches, and documents (including approval letters) will show the short title. 3. Only UGA faculty and selected staff members (senior Principal Investigator (faculty or senior staff) are eligible to serve as PI. See the policy for staff only - see help): more information: http://research.uga.edu/documents Adrian Wolstenholme /eligibility 4. * Does the Principal Investigator have a See the policy for more information: https://research.uga.edu/docs/policies financial interest related to this /compliance research? Yes No /hso/PP_Financial%20Conflicts%20of%20Interests.pdf 5. If you are not sure if your project needs IRB * Are you requesting determination if review, choose "Yes" in the first question. A form will your project meets the definition of open and provide prompts to guide you through an initial assessment to see if your project needs IRB Yes No human subjects research? review. -
Effects of Alfaxalone Or Propofol on Giant-Breed Dog Neonates Viability
animals Article Effects of Alfaxalone or Propofol on Giant-Breed Dog Neonates Viability During Elective Caesarean Sections Monica Melandri 1, Salvatore Alonge 1,* , Tanja Peric 2, Barbara Bolis 3 and Maria C Veronesi 3 1 Società Veterinaria “Il Melograno” Srl, 21018 Sesto Calende, Varese, Italy; [email protected] 2 Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; [email protected] 3 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy; [email protected] (B.B.); [email protected] (M.C.V.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-392-805-8524 Received: 20 September 2019; Accepted: 7 November 2019; Published: 13 November 2019 Simple Summary: Nowadays, thanks to the increased awareness of owners and breeders and to the most recent techniques available to veterinarians, the management of parturition, especially of C-sections, has become a topic of greater importance. Anesthesia is crucial and must be targeted to both the mother and neonates. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the induction agent alfaxalone on the vitality of puppies born from elective C-section, in comparison to propofol. After inducing general anesthesia for elective C-section, puppies from the mothers induced with alfaxalone had higher 5-min Apgar scores than those induced with propofol. The concentration of cortisol in fetal fluids collected at birth is neither influenced by the anesthetic protocol used, nor does it differ between amniotic and allantoic fluids. Nevertheless, the cortisol concentration in fetal fluids affects the relationship between anesthesia and the Apgar score: the present study highlights a significant relationship between the anesthetic protocol used and Apgar score in puppies, and fetal fluids cortisol concentration acts as a covariate of this relationship. -
DIURETICS Diuretics Are Drugs That Promote the Output of Urine Excreted by the Kidneys
DIURETICS Diuretics are drugs that promote the output of urine excreted by the Kidneys. The primary action of most diuretics is the direct inhibition of Na+ transport at one or more of the four major anatomical sites along the nephron, where Na+ reabsorption takes place. The increased excretion of water and electrolytes by the kidneys is dependent on three different processes viz., glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption (active and passive) and tubular secretion. Diuretics are very effective in the treatment of Cardiac oedema, specifically the one related with congestive heart failure. They are employed extensively in various types of disorders, for example, nephritic syndrome, diabetes insipidus, nutritional oedema, cirrhosis of the liver, hypertension, oedema of pregnancy and also to lower intraocular and cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Therapeutic Uses of Diuretics i) Congestive Heart Failure: The choice of the diuretic would depend on the severity of the disorder. In an emergency like acute pulmonary oedema, intravenous Furosemide or Sodium ethacrynate may be given. In less severe cases. Hydrochlorothiazide or Chlorthalidone may be used. Potassium-sparing diuretics like Spironolactone or Triamterene may be added to thiazide therapy. ii) Essential hypertension: The thiazides usually sever as primary antihypertensive agents. They may be used as sole agents in patients with mild hypertension or combined with other antihypertensives in more severe cases. iii) Hepatic cirrhosis: Potassium-sparing diuretics like Spironolactone may be employed. If Spironolactone alone fails, then a thiazide diuretic can be added cautiously. Furosemide or Ethacrymnic acid may have to be used if the oedema is regractory, together with spironolactone to lessen potassium loss. Serum potassium levels should be monitored periodically.