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Global Journal of African Studies Volume 1, Issue 1 ISSN 2045-2594 2011 Global Journal of African Studies Volume 1, Issue 1 ISSN 2045-2594 2011 Editorial Board Charles Otokpom, University of Port Harcourt Armstrong Adeyo, Benue State University Makurdi Gui Haijin, Dean Information Engineering Dept Wuxi Institute of Commerce PRC Iryna Palona, University of Liverpool, UK Jokull Johannesson, University of Northampton, UK Telle Dandeson Ayasuk, African Centre for Education and Development, Nigeria Waum Tehemba, I. B. B. University, Lapal Zhang Zhixiang, Vice President, Wuxi Institute of Commerce PRC Thimothy C. Okeke Livingstone College, USA. Professor of Social Work S. Aminul Islam, Department of Sociology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh. S. M. Shamsul Alam, University of Southern Orego, USA. Past editor of African Journal of Sociology. Golam Mathbor, Associate Dean, School of Humanities and Social Scienmces, Monmouth University, USA. Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Benjamin Okaba 1 Global Journal of African Studies Volume 1, Issue 1 ISSN 2045-2594 2011 2 Global Journal of African Studies Volume 1, Issue 1 ISSN 2045-2594 2011 Contents The changing patterns of small and light weapons (SALW) proliferation and the challenges of national security in Nigeria............................................................................5 Ngboawaji Daniel Nte......................................................................................................5 The dynamics of Sharia adoption in northern Nigeria and women rights: An ethical analysis...............................................................................................................................24 Adebayo O. Adejumo, R.N. PhD. Fwacn ....................................................................24 From international (transnational) prostitution to international migration of labour in Nigeria................................................................................................................................30 Kinikanwo A. Anele, Ph.D ............................................................................................30 Emimeke Henry Dienye.................................................................................................30 The undercurrents of religion and permeation of poverty in Nigeria ................................46 Elias Darlington Anzaku, Ph.D......................................................................................46 The transforming of the oil producing states: The roadmap to peace in the Niger delta...52 Dr. (Barr.) Ebitu, Edidiong Ezekiel ...............................................................................52 A denomination in search for change: The celestial church of Christ example.................61 Adfjoke Fadirepo ...........................................................................................................61 The social environment of higher education institutions in Uganda..................................68 Jokull Johannesson.........................................................................................................68 Peter YU Kien Hong ......................................................................................................68 Urbanization and loss of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK): Lessons from Rumuodomaya Community in Rivers State.......................................................................74 Raimi Lasisi ...................................................................................................................74 Ekpwnyong, Alfred S.....................................................................................................74 Wabah, Goodnews N. ....................................................................................................74 Underfunding of education and Africa’s development challenges: Issues and perspectives ............................................................................................................................................87 OTU Ekpenyong ............................................................................................................87 History of higher education development strategy in Uganda.........................................103 Jokull Johannesson.......................................................................................................103 The dynamics of global terrorism, multilateralism and counter terrorism efforts: Prospects, challenges and implications for Nigeria’s national security ...........................107 Ngboawaji Daniel Nte..................................................................................................107 The director and the enhancement of the theatricality of African traditional festivals: A study of the use of oral dialogue, songs, dances and masks in Owu-Oma festival in Orodo ..........................................................................................................................................123 Innocent Chinyere Ohiri (Ph.D)...................................................................................123 3 Global Journal of African Studies Volume 1, Issue 1 ISSN 2045-2594 2011 Definitional Chaos and the Crises of Entrepreneurship in Nigeria..................................133 MOLUNO, Shedrack Uwadinisu .................................................................................133 ESEDEBE, Joseph Ejima.............................................................................................133 Traditional festivals and cultural tourism in Nigeria: Ikwerre wrestling festival case ....141 Karma Ilami Clive, PhD...............................................................................................141 A comparative analysis of modern and indigenous settlement of cases ..........................145 Dr. Paul Eke .................................................................................................................145 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................145 Communication and social change in Africa ...................................................................154 OTU Ekpenyong ..........................................................................................................154 Case studies of family expressed emotion for persons living with schizophrenia in delta state of Nigeria .................................................................................................................161 Christian Ewhrudjakpor ...............................................................................................161 4 Global Journal of African Studies Volume 1, Issue 1 ISSN 2045-2594 2011 The changing patterns of small and light weapons (SALW) proliferation and the challenges of national security in Nigeria Ngboawaji Daniel Nte Dept. of Social Studies, Rivers State University of Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. E-Mail:[email protected] Abstract This work tries to examine the changing patterns of the proliferation of Small arms and Light Weapons in the world, Africa and Nigeria in particular, including the menace caused by this ugly phenomenon. The work which relied on carefully selected secondary sources found out a rather dangerous dimension of arms proliferation in sub Saharan Africa and Nigeria in particular, with the Niger Delta region as the epicentre. In the same vein, the study found out that porous borders, excessive use of arms by the police, corruption and sales of arms to civilians by security operatives, poverty and unemployment, resistance movements in the Niger Delta, desperation of politicians, and weak arms control mechanism as some of the factors responsible for massive Small Arms and Light Weapons proliferation in Nigeria. The impact of this menace on Nigeria’s national security cannot be over emphasized. In the light of the foregoing, some policy recommendations were offered to stem this ugly trend. Introduction The proliferation of small arms and light weapons is often one of the major security challenges currently facing Nigeria, Africa and indeed the world in general. The trafficking and wide availability of these weapons fuel communal conflict, political instability and pose a threat, not only to security, but also to sustainable development. The widespread proliferation of small arms is contributing to alarming levels of armed crime, and militancy. According to Colombian Encyclopedia University Press, the first small arms came into general use at the end of the 14th century. Initially they were nothing more than small cannon held in the hands, fired by placing a lighted match at the touch hole. Later a stock was added- the match lock and the first real handgun. Small arms are defined as smaller infantry weapons, such as fire arms that an individual soldier can carry. It is usually limited to revolvers, pistols, submachine guns, shotguns, carbines, assault rifles, rifle squad automatic weapons, light machine guns, general-purpose machine-gun, medium machine guns and hand grenades. However, it can also include heavy machine-guns, as well as smaller mortars, recoilless rifles and some rocket launchers, depending on the context. Large mortars, howitzers, cannons, vehicles and larger pieces of equipment are not considered small arms. Amoa, (Pambazuka September 21, 2006) quoting from Small Arms Survey (2004) stated that it cannot be an over statement to say that small arms in Africa have played the major role in every political conflict, from South, East, and West. Africa. Accordingly, Amoa writes that
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