DOCSLIB.ORG

Wellfield .~" Cc)Nsult

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wellfield .~ REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MATSHENG AREA GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATION (TB 10/2/12/92-93) TECHNICAL REPORT T3: INVENTORY REPORT SEPTEMBER 1994 Prepared by ~.... -~~ .. INTER WELLFIELD .~" CC)NSULT In association with : :I BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Keyworth , Nottingham, UK MATSHENG AREA GROUNDWATER INVESl'IGATION Technical Report 1'3: InventoI)' Report September 1994 LIST OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION. 1 2. BACKGROUND. 2 2.1 Project Objectives ..................................... 2 3 SETTLEMENTS AND LAND USE ............................ 3 3.1 Population. 3 3.2 Land Use and Land Use Planning . 4 3.2.1 Land Use Planning ......... 4 3.2.2 Livestock ...................................... 6 3.2.2 Crop Production . .. 7 3.2.3 Wildlife ....................................... 7 3.3 Water Supply ........................................ 7 4 METEOROLOGY. 9 4.1 Meteorological Stations . 9 4.2 Rainfall . .. 9 4.3 EvapotransplratlOn. 13 4.4 Sunshine Hours . 13 4.5 Wind Speed and Direction. 13 5. REMOTE SENSING. 14 5.1 Objectives. 14 5.2 Methodology. 14 5.3. Results.. 14 6. BOTANICAL SURVEY .................................... 16 6.1 Objectives. 16 6.2 Methodology .................. , . 16 6.3 Identification of Potentially Shallow Groundwater ............ 16 7. RECONNAISSANCE SURVEYS ............................. 19 7.1 Ground Control Point Survey ........................... 19 7.2 Borehole Reconnaissance .............................. 20 7.3 Water Sampling. 23 7.4 Borehole Siting Methods .. 24 7.5 The Project Database ................................. 24 7.5.1 Sources of Data ................................ 25 7.5.2 Field Data .................................... 29 7.5.3 Main Reconnaissance Database. .. 29 7.5.4 Hydrochemistry Database ......................... 29 7.5.5 Vegetation Database. 30 7.5.6 Use of the Database ........... 30 BRfl'ISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WELLFlELD CONSULTING SERVICES Keyworth P.O.Box 1502 Nottingham, UK Gaborone, Botswana MATSHENG AREA GROUNDWATER INV1~TIGATION ii Technica! Report T3: Inventory Report September 1994 8 GEOLOGY ........................... " . ....... .. .. 31 8.1. Previous Work ...................................... 31 8.2 Lithology . .. 31 8.2.1 Stratigraphic Sequence ........................... 31 8.2.2 Basement..................................... 33 8.2.3 Pre Karoo Sedimentary Strata . 33 8.2.4 Karoo Supergroup . 33 8.2.5 The Kalahari Sequence . 35 8.3 Structure. 36 9. GEOPHYSICS. 42 9.1 Regional Geophysical Interpretation ...................... 42 9.2 Geophysical Calibration Survey ....... 43 9.2.1 Investigation of Shallow Aquifers. 43 9.2.2 Investigations at of Deeper Aquifers ................. 53 9.2.3 Investigation of a Calcrete Ridge. 54 9.2.4 Recommendations .............................. 54 10 HYDRO GEOLOGY . 57 10.1 Previous Work and Information Sources ................... 57 10.2 Groundwater Occurrance . 57 10.3 Aquifer Distribution and Properties . 58 10.3.1 Basement ..................................... 58 10.3.2 Pre-Karoo . 58 10.3.3 The Dwyka Group .............................. 58 10.3.4 The Ecca Group . 58 10.3.5 Lebung Group ................................. 63 10.3.6 Kalahari Sequence .............................. 64 11 A CONCEPTUAL HYDROGEOLOGICAL MODEL. .. 70 11.1 General............................................ 70 11.2 The Aquifer Units . 70 11.3 Recharge........................................... 73 12. FIELD INVESTIGATION PHASE. 74 12.1 Geophysics and Exploratory Drilling ...................... 74 12.1.1 Karoo Aquifer Units. 74 12.1.2 Kalahari Aquifer . 75 12.2 Drilling and Aquifer Testing Operations ................... 76 REFERENCES... .. .. .. ................. ...... .... .... .. 77 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WELLFIELD CONSULTING SERVICES Keyworth P.O.Box 1502 Nottingham, UK Gaborone, Botswana MATSHENG AREA GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATION 1I1 Technical Report 1'3: Inventory Report September 1994 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1 Population Statistics for the Matsheng Villages ............... 3 TABLE 2 Estimate of cattle numbers .............................. 6 TABLE 3 Monthly climatological data for the Tshane Meteorological Station (1958-85) . 10 TABLE 4 Sources of Data. 25 TABLE 5 Project Database Structures . 26 TABLE 6 Stratigraphic Units in the Matsheng Area .................. 32 TABLE 7 Frequency Distribution of Conductivity for Karoo and Kalahari water samples ....................................... 61 TABLE 8 A Summary of Aquifer Test Results from Kalahari Boreholes ... 68 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WELLFlELD CONSULTING SERVICES Keyworth P.O.Box 1502 Nottingham, UK Gaborone, Botswana MATSHENG AREA GROUNDWATER I,,-'VESTIGATION iv Technical Report 1'3: Inventory Report September 1994 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Land Use Plan for the Matsheng Area Figure 2 Monthly Climatological for the Tshane Meteorological Station (1958-85) Figure 3 Monthly Total Rainfall (1989-1994) for Tshane, Hukuntsi, Lehututu and Lokgwabe Figure 4 Botanical Survey: Areas Potentially Shallow Groundwater Figure 5 Borehole Reconnaissance Data Form Figure 6 A Cross Section through Deep Stratigraphic Boreholes Figure 7 Locations of Deep Boreholes in the Matsheng Area Figure 8 Thickness of the Karoo Supergroup and Kalahari Sequence Figure 9 Lehututu Pan Traverse: Interpretation of HLEM data Figure 10 Lehututu Pan Traverse: Interpretation of TDEM data Figure 11 Lehututu Pan Traserse: TDEM Pseudo Section from Smooth Inversion Figure 12 Lehututu Pan Traverse: Electrical Sounding at 100E Figure 13 Hukuntsi Calcrete Ridge: Interpretation of HLEM data Figure 14 Cross Section Through Boreholes Penetrating the Kalahari to the South of Lehututu Figure 15 A Conceptual Hydrogeological Model BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WELLFIELD CONSULTING SERVICES Kcyworth P.O.Box 1502 Nottingham, UK Gaborone, Botswana MATSHENG AREA GROUNDWATER INVESrIGATION v Technical Report 1'3: Inventory Report September 1994 LIST OF MAPS Map 1 Borehole Locations Map 2 Well Locations Map 3 Groundwater Conductivity Map 4 Groundwater Levels APPENDICES Appendix 1 Ground Control Point Data Appendix 2 Borehole Data Appendix 3 Well Data Appendix 4 Hydrochemistry Data BIUTISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WELLFlELD CONSULTING SERVICES Keyworth P.O.Box 1502 Nottingham, UK Gaborone, Botswana MATSHENG AREA GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATION 1 Technica! Report T3: Inventory Report September 1994 1. INTRODUCTION This report marks the culmination of the Inventory Phase of the Matsheng Area Groundwater Investigation Project. The report provides a detailed account of all field reconnaissance activities undertaken to date, as well as an account of all data gathered regarding geological, hydrogeological and hydro chemical aspects of groundwaters in the area. Also included is information regarding land use and meteorology together with results obtained from Regional Geophysics, Remote Sensing and Botanical Studies. The entire range of information is utilised to develop an integrated interpretation of current hydro geological knowledge for the Project area. This in turn provides the basis for the formulation of the initial hydrogeological conceptual model, presented in this report. Recommendations are provided regarding objectives for geophysical surveys and exploratory drilling to be carried out in the Field Investigation Phase of the Project. BRl11SH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WELLFlELD CONSULTING SERVICES Keyworth P.O.Box 1502 Nottingham, UK Gaborone, Botswana MATSHENG AREA GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATION 2 Technica! Report T3: Inventory Report September 1994 2. BACKGROUND The Matsheng Area includes the villages of Tshane, Lokgwabe, Hukuntsi and Lehututu and the surrounding area and is located in the middle of the southern portion of the Kalahari. These four settlements, originally developed as a consequence of the presence of shallow groundwater associated with the adjacent major pans. They now form the focal point of development in the region and both human and cattle populations have been growing steadily. In recent years development at Hukuntsi, associated with the establishment of a sub office of the Kgalagadi District Council, has been particularly marked. As a result of the excessive concentrations of both people and animals in the vicinity of the villages, both the land carrying capacity and the water supply system are under great strain. In an attempt to alleviate this problem, a number of land use planning exercises undertaken over the past two decades, have proposed the redistribution of cattle (and hence to a degree human) population over a much broader area This has been attempted by the establishment of commercial ranches (under the Tribal Grazing Lands Programme - TGLP) and better defined communal grazing areas. These plans have been partially implemented but their success has been severely hampered by the lack of adequate water supplies. This in turn has resulted in the continued growth of the villages, with a consequent increase in demand on the already limited local water sources. The availability of adequate water is clearly critical to any future development, in the Matsheng area. The Matsheng Area Groundwater Investigation Project was therefore formulated to assess groundwater resources which may be utilised to satisfy this growing village water demand, and at the same time to resolve the future of the proposed, more widespread, cattle grazing in the area. 2.1 Project Objectives The essential objectives of the Project as stated in the Revised Technical Proposal (RTP) (Wellfield Consulting Services, 1994) were to; a) assess the overall groundwater resources of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • WELLFIELD ·I I
    "~), ~ ',0 )/)'./ iiJ G./) / .,' it-3~" - - ' REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MATSHENG AREA GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATION (TB 10/2/12/92-93) DRAFT TECHNICAL REPORT T9: SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT AUGUST 1995 Prepared by = ~.-~~.. INTER­ WELLFIELD ·i i,.. CO'ISULT in association with BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Keyworth, Nottingham, UK MATSHENG AREA GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATION Technical Report T9 August 1995 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Usable potable water supplies are limited to the Matsheng village areas. Economic fresh water supplies identified during recent groundwater investigations are located in village areas of Lokgwabe and Lehututu. Brackish water supplies identified outside the village areas are not available for use by livestock using communal grazing areas as they are either in areas already occupied or in areas with other land use designations. 2. No significant usable water supplies were identified in the communal grazing areas through the MAGI programme, and based on the available geophysical evidence, the chances of striking groundwater supplies for livestock in Matsheng communal areas are poor. 3. Total water consumption in the Matsheng area during the past year (to May 1995) is estimated at 254,200m' (697 m' per day). Of this amount about 150,000 m' (60%) are consumed by livestock watered at about 150 wells, boreholes and dams on pans. 4. Matsheng village households using public standpipes consume about 670 litres per household per week, or 20 litres per person per day (67% of the 30 litre DWA standard rate for rural village standpipe users). Residents of the four RAD settlements served by council bowsers received a ration of about 7 litres per person per day, or just 23% of the DWA standard.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance of Goats and Sheep Under Communal Grazing in Botswana Using Various Growth Measures
    B07 Performance of goats and sheep under communal grazing in Botswana using various growth measures L. Baleseng, O. E Kgosikoma, A. Makgekgenene | Department of Agricultural Research, Private | Gaborone | Botswana M. Coleman, P. Morley | Institute for Rural Futures, School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England | Armidale | Australia D. Baker, O. | UNE Business School, University of New England | Armidale | Australia S. Bahta | International Livestock Research Institute | Nairobi | Kenya DOI: 10.1481/icasVII.2016.b07 ABSTRACT We conducted a survey to evaluate the growth of goats and sheep under communal grazing, and to determine the relationship between weight, heart girth, shoulder height, and body condition score in Kweneng, Central and Kgalagadi districts, Botswana. The same animals were measured on two separate occasions, approximately one month apart, to allow growth rates to be recorded. Significant differences in growth rates between the three case study districts were found for both goats and sheep. Amongst the goats measured, gains in height and weight were significantly greater in the Kweneng district, while gains in heart girth measurement were greatest in the Central district. In the case of sheep, weight gain was significantly higher in the Central and Kgalagadi districts, increases in girth measurement were significantly higher in the Central district, and shoulder height gain was significantly greater in the Kweneng district. Statistical tests were used to determine the relationships between animal weight and the other measures taken for goats and sheep. Heart girth in both goats and sheep was shown to be a significant predictor of weight across all three districts. Likewise, shoulder height proved to be a statistically significant predictor of animal weight for both goats and sheep, across each district.
    [Show full text]
  • Botswana Environment Statistics Water Digest 2018
    Botswana Environment Statistics Water Digest 2018 Private Bag 0024 Gaborone TOLL FREE NUMBER: 0800600200 Tel: ( +267) 367 1300 Fax: ( +267) 395 2201 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.statsbots.org.bw Published by STATISTICS BOTSWANA Private Bag 0024, Gaborone Phone: 3671300 Fax: 3952201 Email: [email protected] Website: www.statsbots.org.bw Contact Unit: Environment Statistics Unit Phone: 367 1300 ISBN: 978-99968-482-3-0 (e-book) Copyright © Statistics Botswana 2020 No part of this information shall be reproduced, stored in a Retrieval system, or even transmitted in any form or by any means, whether electronically, mechanically, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of Statistics Botswana. BOTSWANA ENVIRONMENT STATISTICS WATER DIGEST 2018 Statistics Botswana PREFACE This is Statistics Botswana’s annual Botswana Environment Statistics: Water Digest. It is the first solely water statistics annual digest. This Digest will provide data for use by decision-makers in water management and development and provide tools for the monitoring of trends in water statistics. The indicators in this report cover data on dam levels, water production, billed water consumption, non-revenue water, and water supplied to mines. It is envisaged that coverage of indicators will be expanded as more data becomes available. International standards and guidelines were followed in the compilation of this report. The United Nations Framework for the Development of Environment Statistics (UNFDES) and the United Nations International Recommendations for Water Statistics were particularly useful guidelines. The data collected herein will feed into the UN System of Environmental Economic Accounting (SEEA) for water and hence facilitate an informed management of water resources.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Examination Centres by Region Bobirwa Region Centr Name Addres Place Phone 0101 Bobonong Primary School P.O
    Primary School Leaving Examination 2010 List of Examination Centres by Region Bobirwa Region Centr Name Addres Place Phone 0101 Bobonong Primary School P.O. Box 48 BOBONONG 2619207 0103 Borotsi Primary School P.O. Box 136 BOBONONG 819208 0107 Gobojango Primary School Private Bag 8 BOBONONG 2645436 0108 Lentswe-Le-Moriti Primary School Private Bag 0019 BOBONONG 0110 Mabolwe Primary School P.O. Box 182 SEMOLALE 2645422 0111 Madikwe Primary School P.O. Box 131 BOBONONG 2619221 0112 Mafetsakgang primary school P.O. Box 46 BOBONONG 2619232 0114 Mathathane Primary School P.O. Box 4 MATHATHANE 2645110 0117 Mogapi Primary School P.O. Box 6 MOGAPI 2618545 0119 Molalatau Primary School P.O. Box 50 MOLALATAU 845374 0120 Moletemane Primary School P.O. Box 176 TSETSEBYE 2646035 0123 Sefhophe Primary School P.O. Box 41 SEFHOPHE 2618210 0124 Semolale Primary School P.O. Box 10 SEMOLALE 2645422 0131 Tsetsejwe Primary School P.O. Box 33 TSETSEJWE 2646103 0133 Modisaotsile Primary School P.O. Box 591 BOBONONG 2619123 0134 Motlhabaneng Primary School Private Bag 20 BOBONONG 2645541 0135 Busang Primary School P.O. Box 47 TSETSEBJE 2646144 0138 Rasetimela Primary School Private Bag 0014 BOBONONG 2619485 0139 Mabumahibidu Primary School P.O. Box 168 BOBONONG 2619040 0140 Lepokole Primary School P O Box 148 BOBONONG 4900035 0141 Agosi Primary School P O Box 1673 BOBONONG 71868614 0142 Motsholapheko Primary School P O Box 37 SEFHOPHE 2618305 0143 Mathathane DOSET P.O. Box 4 MATHATHANE 2645110 0144 Tsetsebye DOSET P.O. Box 33 TSETSEBYE 3024 Bobonong DOSET P.O. Box 483 BOBONONG 2619164 Saturday, September 25, List of Examination Centres by Region Page 1 of 39 Boteti Region Centr Name Addres Place Phone 0201 Adult Education Private Bag 1 ORAPA 0202 Baipidi Primary School P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Friday 16 April 2021 the Second Meeting of The
    THE SECOND MEETING OF THE SECOND SESSION OF THE TWELFTH PARLIAMENT FRIDAY 16 APRIL 2021 MIXED VERSION HANSARD NO: 201 THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY SPEAKER The Hon. Phandu T. C. Skelemani PH, MP. DEPUTY SPEAKER The Hon. Mabuse M. Pule, MP. (Mochudi East) Clerk of the National Assembly - Ms B. N. Dithapo Deputy Clerk of the National Assembly - Mr L. T. Gaolaolwe Acting Learned Parliamentary Counsel - Ms K. Kokoro Assistant Clerk (E) - Mr R. Josiah CABINET His Excellency Dr M. E. K. Masisi, MP. - President His Honour S. Tsogwane, MP. (Boteti West) - Vice President Minister for Presidential Affairs, Governance and Public Hon. K. N. S. Morwaeng, MP. (Molepolole South) - Administration Hon. K. T. Mmusi, MP. (Gabane-Mmankgodi) - Minister of Defence, Justice and Security Hon. Dr L. Kwape, MP. (Kanye South) - Minister of International Affairs and Cooperation Hon. E. M. Molale, MP. (Goodhope-Mabule ) - Minister of Local Government and Rural Development Hon. K. S. Gare, MP. (Moshupa-Manyana) - Minister of Agricultural Development and Food Security Minister of Environment, Natural Resources Conservation Hon. P. K. Kereng, MP. (Specially Elected) - and Tourism Hon. Dr E. G. Dikoloti MP. (Mmathethe-Molapowabojang) - Minister of Health and Wellness Hon. T.M. Segokgo, MP. (Tlokweng) - Minister of Transport and Communications Hon. K. Mzwinila, MP. (Specially Elected) - Minister of Land Management, Water and Sanitation Services Minister of Youth Empowerment, Sport and Culture Hon. T. M. Rakgare, MP. (Mogoditshane) - Development Hon. A. M. Mokgethi, MP. (Gaborone Bonnington North) - Minister of Nationality, Immigration and Gender Affairs Hon. Dr T. Matsheka, MP. (Lobatse) - Minister of Finance and Economic Development Hon. F. M.
    [Show full text]
  • Botswana Journal of Agriculture & Applied Sciences
    Bots. J. Agric. Appl. Sci. (2014)10 (Issue 1) 3-10 Botswana Journal of Agriculture & Applied Sciences Leading Agriculture through Science and Innovation Please cite this article as: Kayombo, B. Tsheko, R. Semetsa, S and Malepa, D. (2014) Documentation of indigenous knowledge & best–bet practices on use of animals & plants for sustainable natural resource management in Botswana. Botswana Journal of Agriculture and Applied Sciences 10 (issue 1) (3-10) The online version of this article is located on the World Wide Web at: http://www.ub.bw/ojs/index.php/bojaas The views expressed in this article are that of the author(s) and not the publisher. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use or misuse of this material. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Kayombo et al 2014 Indigenous knowledge on the use of animals and plants. Bots. J. Agric. Appl. Sci. 10 (Issue 1) 3-10 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Documentation of indigenous knowledge and best-bet practices on the use of animals and plants for sustainable natural resources management in Botswana Kayombo, B.*1, Tsheko,
    [Show full text]
  • Local Communities, Cbos/Trusts, and People–Park Relationships: a Case Study of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Botswana
    Local Communities, CBOs/Trusts, and People–Park Relationships: A Case Study of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, Botswana Naomi Moswete and Brijesh Thapa Introduction The concept of community-based natural resources management (CBNRM) was introduced in Botswana in the early 1990s, and was premised on the idea that rural people must have the power to make decisions regarding utilization of natural resources (Mulale et al. 2013). CBNRM was built on the need for local participation and involvement in the management and utilization of protected areas, as well as community empowerment within and adjacent to them (Thakadu 2006; Mutandwa and Gadzirayi 2007). Based on these fundamental tenets, the CBNRM initiative was designed to alleviate poverty, advance conservation, strengthen rural economies, and empower communities to manage and derive equitable benefits from resources, as well as determine their long-term use (Arntzen et al. 2003; GoB 2007). Since its adoption, the implementation arm for CBNRM initiatives has been largely orchestrated through the formation and operation of a local community-based organization (CBO) and/or community trust (Moswete et al. 2009; Mbaiwa 2013). This local organizational entity (here- after referred to as a CBO/Trust) has evolved as an instrumental tool for rural communities as it provides a forum for them to negotiate their interests, problems, goals, and aspirations in a democratic and participatory process (Rozemeijer 2001; Arntzen et al. 2003; Mbaiwa 2013). This paper examines how local residents assess CBOs/Trusts, and people–park relation- ships, within the context of the Botswana portion of the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (KTP). CBNRM in Botswana In Botswana, park-based tourism and/or community ecotourism is strongly linked to the notion of CBNRM (GoB 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • Du Plessis 2018 Phd Gathering the Kalahari
    UC Santa Cruz UC Santa Cruz Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Gathering the Kalahari: Tracking Landscapes in Motion Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7b98v9k6 Author du Plessis, Pierre Louis Publication Date 2018 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ GATHERING THE KALAHARI: TRACKING LANDSCAPES IN MOTION A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in ANTHROPOLOGY by Pierre L. du Plessis June 2018 The Dissertation of Pierre du Plessis is approved: _____________________________________ Professor Anna Tsing, chair ____________________________________ Professor Andrew Mathews _____________________________________ Professor Mayanthi Fernando ____________________________ Tyrus Miller Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Copyright © by Pierre L. du Plessis 2018 Table of Contents Table of Figures ............................................................................................................................ v Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ vi Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... ix Introduction. “Keep on Tracking:” Finding Openings in the Kalahari Desert ............ 1 Part One. Opening: An introduction in four parts .................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Botswana Semiology Research Centre Project Seismic Stations In
    BOTSWANA SEISMOLOGICAL NETWORK ( BSN) STATIONS 19°0'0"E 20°0'0"E 21°0'0"E 22°0'0"E 23°0'0"E 24°0'0"E 25°0'0"E 26°0'0"E 27°0'0"E 28°0'0"E 29°0'0"E 30°0'0"E 1 S 7 " ° 0 0 ' ' 0 0 ° " 7 S 1 KSANE Kasane ! !Kazungula Kasane Forest ReserveLeshomo 1 S Ngoma Bridge ! 8 " ! ° 0 0 ' # !Mabele * . MasuzweSatau ! ! ' 0 ! ! Litaba 0 ° Liamb!ezi Xamshiko Musukub!ili Ivuvwe " 8 ! ! ! !Seriba Kasane Forest Reserve Extension S 1 !Shishikola Siabisso ! ! Ka!taba Safari Camp ! Kachikau ! ! ! ! ! ! Chobe Forest Reserve ! !! ! Karee ! ! ! ! ! Safari Camp Dibejam!a ! ! !! ! ! ! ! X!!AUD! M Kazuma Forest Reserve ! ShongoshongoDugamchaRwelyeHau!xa Marunga Xhauga Safari Camp ! !SLIND Chobe National Park ! Kudixama Diniva Xumoxu Xanekwa Savute ! Mah!orameno! ! ! ! Safari Camp ! Maikaelelo Foreset Reserve Do!betsha ! ! Dibebe Tjiponga Ncamaser!e Hamandozi ! Quecha ! Duma BTLPN ! #Kwiima XanekobaSepupa Khw!a CHOBE DISTRICT *! !! ! Manga !! Mampi ! ! ! Kangara # ! * Gunitsuga!Njova Wazemi ! ! G!unitsuga ! Wazemi !Seronga! !Kaborothoa ! 1 S Sibuyu Forest Reserve 9 " Njou # ° 0 * ! 0 ' !Nxaunxau Esha 12 ' 0 Zara ! ! 0 ° ! ! ! " 9 ! S 1 ! Mababe Quru!be ! ! Esha 1GMARE Xorotsaa ! Gumare ! ! Thale CheracherahaQNGWA ! ! GcangwaKaruwe Danega ! ! Gqose ! DobeQabi *# ! ! ! ! Bate !Mahito Qubi !Mahopa ! Nokaneng # ! Mochabana Shukumukwa * ! ! Nxabe NGAMILAND DISTRICT Sorob!e ! XurueeHabu Sakapane Nxai National Nark !! ! Sepako Caecae 2 ! ! S 0 " Konde Ncwima ° 0 ! MAUN 0 ' ! ! ' 0 Ntabi Tshokatshaa ! 0 ° ! " 0 PHDHD Maposa Mmanxotai S Kaore ! ! Maitengwe 2 ! Tsau Segoro
    [Show full text]
  • A Technical Report on the Tsabong North Project, Botswana
    A TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE TSABONG NORTH PROJECT, BOTSWANA Prepared for Pangolin Diamond Corp. 181 Bay Street, Suite 1800 Box 754 Toronto, On M5J 2T9 By Paul Zweistra BSc. (Hons) Pr.Sci.Nat. 31st May 2012 A Technical Report on the Tsabong North Project Page 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Summary 3 2 Introduction 4 3 Reliance on Other Experts 4 4 Property Description and Location 4 5 Accessibility, Climate, Local Resources, Infrastructure and Physiography 6 6 History 7 7 Geological Setting and Mineralization 7 8 Deposit Types 9 9 Exploration 9 10 Drilling 16 11 Sample Preparation, Analyses and Security 16 12 Data Verification 16 13 Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing 17 14 Mineral Resource Estimates 17 15 Adjacent Properties 17 16 Other Relevant Data and Information 18 17 Interpretation and Conclusions 19 18 Recommendations 19 19 References 20 20 CERTIFICATE AND CONSENT 21 21 LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Location Map 5 Figure 2. Map showing outline of prospecting licenses 6 Figure 3. Photo showing the savannah grass- and woodlands 7 Figure 4. Pre-Kalahari Geological Map of Botswana 8 Figure 5. Google image showing orientation and follow-up sample positions 10 Figure 6. Cr2O3 vs CaO plot for garnets from the Tsabong north Project 11 Figure 7. Comparison of the Orapa Mine and Smuts Pan Anomalies 12 Figure 8. Airborne magnetic survey over PL’s 350 and 351/2008 showing selected anomalies 14 Figure 9. Contoured ground orientation gravimetric survey 15 Figure 10. Map of Firestone licenses with kimberlites 17 LIST OF TABLES Table 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Perceptions and Attitudes of Communities on Socio-Economic
    Tselaesele et al. /Journal of Camelid Science 2021, 14 (1): 52-66 http://www.isocard.net/en/journal Perceptions and attitudes of communities on socio-economic importance of camels and consumption of camel milk and camel milk products in Kgalagadi District, Botswana Nelson Tselaesele1*, Eyassu Seifu2, Moenyane Molapisi2, Wame Boitumelo3, Ayana Angassa4, Keneilwe Kgosikoma5, Demel Teketay4, Bonno Sekwati-Monang2, Ezekiel Chimbombi6, Rosemary Kobue-Lekalake2, Geremew Bultosa2, Gulelat Desse Haki2, Witness Mojeremane5, Katsane Kgaudi7, Boitumelo Mokobi2 1Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (BUAN); 2Department Food Science and Technology, BUAN; 3Department of Animal Science and Production, BUAN; 4Department of Range and Forest Resources, BUAN; 5Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, BUAN; 6Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, BUAN; 7Tsabong Unified Secondary School. Abstract Camels were introduced to Botswana in the early twentieth century as a means of transport for the Botswana Police Service in the Kgalagadi District. This service was discontinued in the early 1980s and the camels were handed over to communities in the district for ecotourism activities. Since their introduction in Botswana, camels were regarded as government property and were never taken as alternative livelihood option that can alleviate poverty by providing milk and other products as is the case in other countries. This study explores the prospects of utilization of camel milk and milk products by assessing perceptions and attitudes of communities on the socio-economic importance of camels, consumption preferences for camel milk and value-added milk products. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used to address the objectives of the research.
    [Show full text]
  • EMERGENCY TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE to BOTSWANA for RURAL WATER SUPPLY T
    WATER AND SANITATION KM» HEALTH PROJECT EMERGENCY TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO BOTSWANA Operated by FOR RURAL WATER SUPPLY CDM and Associates Sponsored by the U.S. Agency for International Development 1611 N. Kent Street, Room 1001 Arlington, VA 22209-2111 USA f c Telephone: (703) 243-8200 iNï:-:^AÏ!O !Ai: RF I-.[MINCE CENTRE Fax (703) 525-9137 FGFi1 CO;-".1'!.; • : i'V WAi'Lk' WUFPLY AND Telex WUI 64552 SANITATION IIACJ Cable Address WASHAID WASH FIELD REPORT NO. 269 « JULY 1989 • Prepared for the USAIU Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance and the USAID Mission in Botswana under WASH Activity No. 430 1 November 1993 TAS 472 M\)M Dear Colleague, On behalf of the WASH Project, I am pleased to provide you a copy of "Integrated Assessment of Hazardous Waste Management in Botswana," WASH Field Report No. 421, by Nancy Convard and Larry O'Toole. This report is based on a field visit to Botswana between June 11 and 28, 1993. It assesses hazardous waste management in Botswana, characterizes the country's policy and technical needs, and offers recommendations on establishing a hazardous waste management program. Please let me know if you require additional copies of this report or of related reports listed on the reverse of the title page. Comments or suggestions about this or any other WASH report are always welcome. Sincerely yours, Ç\ (^ ta - I] ^J. Ellis Turner WASH Project Director WASH Field Report No. 269 EMERGENCY TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO BOTSWANA FOR RURAL WATER SUPPLY t Prepared for the USAID Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance and the USAID Mission in Botswana under WASH Activity No.
    [Show full text]