Diplomarbeit Schwert & Faust

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Diplomarbeit Schwert & Faust View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OTHES DIPLOMARBEIT SCHWERT & FAUST Kultureller Austausch OST-WEST / WEST-OST Am Beispiel physischer Techniken asiatischer Kampf-Kunst-Filme Verfasserin Mag. Art. Hannelore Hanja Dirnbacher angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie Wien, 2009 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 317 295 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Theater- Film- und Medienwissenschaft Betreuerin / Betreuer: Prof. Dr. Ulf Birbaumer INHALT Zugang zur Thematik………………..……………………………….……1 1. Kontakte Ost-West Historischer Überblick...……………………….17 1.1. Japonisme………………………………………………………….....18 1.2. Kontakte Ost West in der Theaterkonzeption………………………..22 1.3. Ost-West Kontakte im Film der 1920-er Jahre………………………23 1.4. Fernöstliche Kultur, und Filmschnitt Technik……………………….24 1.5. Japanische Filmkultur und der Westen………………………………25 1.6. Der Japonisme martialer Körperkünste……………………………...26 Filmliste chronologisch…………………………………...................28 2. Beeinflussungen – der Western – die 1950-er und 60-er Jahre…... ..29 2.1. Der Deutsche Western……………………………………………….29 2.2. Der Italo Western – „Spaghetti Western“………………………........30 2.3. „Yojimbo“ ( 1961 ) „Per un pugno die Dollari“ ( 1964 )…………....32 2.3.1. Yojimbo Ken Do……………………………………………......33 2.3.2. Die Thematik…………………………………………………...34 2.4. Western in Italia……………………………………………………...36 2.5. Der neue Rollen Typ…………………………………………………37 2.6. Gesichter im Italo Western…………………………………………...39 2.7. Der zweite Film in Sereie…………………………………………….41 2.7.1. Ein Ken Do Duell……………………………………………….42 2.7.2. Der italienische Folgefilm Sergio Leones……………………....43 2.8. Der Weg des „Spaghetti Western“…………………………………...45 2.8.1. Das Schweigen im Schnee……………………………………...45 2.8.2. Italo Stile………………………………………………………..46 2.9. Il Western „Buffone“………………………………………………...49 2.9.1. Diverse Techniken……………………………………………...50 2.9.2. Personnagen dieses Genres……………………………………..50 2.9.3. Vom Western zum Eastern……………………………………...52 Filmliste chronologisch………………………...........................................54 I 3. Die Quellen des Hong Kong Eastern…………………………………..55 …3.1. Rückblick Einleitung…..………………………………………….....55 …….3.1.1. Die Verbreitung chinesischer Kampfkünste im Westen…….....56 3. 2. Die Geschichte chinesischer Kampfkünste………………………....58 3.2.1. Spuren chinesischer Antike……………………………………...59 3.2.2. 770-221 v. Chr. …………………………………………………60 3.2.3. Die Periode der Kriegerstaaten 403-221 v. Chr. ……………......61 3.2.4. Formen des zivilen Wu-Shu die performtiven Elemente………..62 3.3. Frauen in der Historie Chinas & Japans ……………………………..63 3.3.1. Ein Sprung zur Jetztzeit…………………………………………..64 3.4. Geordnetere Zeiten: 221-207 v. Chr. – Quin Dyn…………………….65 3.5. Die ersten Kampf-Mönche……………………………………………66 3.5.1. Das Shaolin Phänomen…………………………………………...68 3.5.2. Shaolin im Film……………………………………………….......70 3.6. Chinas Fecht-Tänze und Prüfungsstandards……………………...…...71 3.7. Erste „Straßenspektakel in der Song-Dynastie 960-1279………..........71 3.8. Westliche Kampfkunst Vergleiche zur chinesischen Tradition…….…73 3.9. Stilvielfalt……………………………………………………………...73 3.10. Erste Schriften über Kampfkünste…………………………………...74 3.11. Verbote des Wu-Shu………………………………………………....76 3.11.1. Mythenbildung……………………………………………….….77 3.11.2. Tai Ji………………………………………………………....…..78 3.12. Neue Zeiten – Republik China ab 1911……………………………...79 3.12.1. Die 1940-er Jahre……………………………………………..…80 3.13. Ab 1947, VR. China…………………………………………….…....81 3.13.1. Tai Ji Quan, die 24-Teile „Beijing Form“……………………....81 3.13.2. Entwicklung der Wu-Shu Techniken seit 1947……………..…..82 3.14. Kunst - Literatur – Kultur ………………………………………..….84 Filmliste chronologisch…………………………………………………....86 4. Wu-Shu heute – Internationale Kampfkunst ……………………........87 4.1. A New Experiment……………………………………………………87 II 4.2. Techniken – Austausch……………………………………………….88 4.3. Wu-Shu in China heute ………………………………………………90 4.4. Wu-Shu Wettkampfsystem……………………………………………92 4.5. Wettkampf – Formen in China ……………………………………….92 4.6. Beijing – Oper und Wu-Shu…………………………………………..93 4.7. Wu-Shu im Film ……………………………………………………...95 4.8. Wu-Shu und der Westen …………………………………………......96 4.9. Ein kurzer Abstecher zu Taiji Quan ( Tai chi Chuan ) & Tui Shou…..98 4.9.1. Ausführung Taiji & Tui Shou …………………………………..100 Filmliste chronologisch………………………………………………..…102 5. Der japanische Samurai & Kampfkunst – Film……………………..103 5.1. Samurai ……………………………………………………………. ..103 5.2. Ninja – Teil der japanischen Kampfkultur…………………………...105 5.3. Karate – Do, Ost-West – Verschiebungen……………………………107 5.4. Der Name „Ka-Ra-Te“ – ein Phänomen……………………………..108 Filmliste chronologisch…………………………………………………...110 6. Kampf – Kunst - Technik in Ost und West…...…………………...….111 6.1. Westlicher Kulturkreis………………………………………………..111 6.1.1. Europäische Antike………………………………………………113 6.1.2. Ritueller Kampfzugang…………………………………………..114 6.2. Ringen – traditioneller Kontaktsport…………………………………115 6.2.1. Ringen - westliche waffenlose Kampfsportart.….……………….117 6.2.2. Setting im Ringen………………………………………………...118 6.3. Boxen – westlicher waffenloser Paar – Distanzsport………………...119 6.3.1. Fairness…………………………………………………………...121 6.3.2. Verletzungen……………………………………………………..122 6.3.3. Boxtechnik……………………………………………………….123 6.3.4. Im Clinch – in den Seilen………………………………………...126 6.3.5. Setting im Boxen…………………………………………………127 6.4. Das Pankration………………………………………………………..128 6.4.1. Das Pankration im Film……………………………………….....129 III 6.4.2. Das Pankration der Sportwissenschaft…………………………..130 6.5. Fernöstlicher Kulturkreis – China Wu-Shu – Kampfkunst ………....132 6.5.1. Wu-Shu Formen…………………………………………………133 6.5.2. San Da ( San Shou ) ..................………………………………..134 6.5.3. Verteidigungs Techniken Qin Na……………………………….135 6.6. Japan – Überblick über Kampfkünste …………………………….…136 6.6.1. Ninja..............................................................................................137 6.6.2. Weiche Techniken ……………………………………………...139 6.7. Karate Do, die harte Technik………………………………………...140 6.7.1. Treffer - Bruchtest……………………………………………....140 6.7.2. Zur „Handkanten“ Spezialität – ein „Mythos“...………………..141 6.7.3. Zur Physik der Schlagtechniken………………………………...142 6.7.4. Kata……………………………………………….……..............143 6.8. „Mythos“ Karate, die Wirkung der „Punkte“………………………..144 6.9. Japanische Kampfkünste im Westen…………………………………146 6.10. Kampfkünste aus anderen asiatischen Regionen……………………147 6.10.1. Süd-Ost Asien……………………………………………………147 Filmliste chronologisch ……………………………………………….….148 7. West – Ost ……..………………………………………………………149 7.1. Kick Boxen ………………………………………………………….149 7.2. Helden Ost-West……………………………………………………..151 7.3. Wu-Shu – Karate Do & Fitness………………………………………151 7.4. Capoeira……………………………………………………………...152 7.5. Sport Kampfkunst im Film………………………………………..….153 7.6. Der “hohe” Beinschlag………………………………………………153 7.6.1. Alltags Beispiele ………………………………………………..155 7.6.2. Bein Schlag im Film……………………………………………..156 7.6.3. Die Sprunghandlung …………………………………………….158 7.6.4. Kick Boxen im westlichen Film …………………………….…..158 7.7. West-östliche Mischtechnik …………………………………............159 Filmliste chronologisch ……………………………………………......…160 IV 8. Überblick über Filmtypische Waffensysteme ......................................161 8.1. Historisch …………………………………………………………….161 8.2. Beispiele der Waffen der chinesischen Tradition………………...…..163 8.3. Handhabung der Waffen ……………………………………………..164 8.4. Verletzungen durch Waffen ( Schnitte / Schläge ) ……………….....166 8.5. Traditionelle Waffen im Sport ……………………………………….167 8.6. Weich & Geheimwaffen ……………………………………………168 8.7. Reitkünste & Waffen im Film ………………………………………..170 8.8. Akrobatik & Waffen - Bewegungskunst .…………………………….172 8.9. Kurz über Feuerwaffen ……………………………………………....173 Filmliste chronologisch……………………………………………………174 9. Der Kampf Kunst Film in West und Ost…………...………………....175 9.1. Einleitung……………………………………………………………..175 9.2. Kampf Szenen in den Genres ………………………………………...175 9.3 Der westliche Boxerfilm – Überblick ………………………………...176 9.3.1. „The Ring“ ………………………………………………………178 9.3.2. Der Gentleman Boxer ………………………………………… 180 9.4. Die weitere Entwicklung westlicher Boxerfilme …………………….181 9.5. Boxerfilm aus Japan ………………………………………………….183 9.6. Boxerfilm & Boxphänomene des 21. Jhd. …………………………..185 9.7. Kickboxen im Film …………………………………………………..186 9.8. Ringerfilme …………………………………………………………..188 9.8.1. Ringen im Film ………………………………………………….189 9.9. Der Schwert – Film ein Historien – Genre …………………………190 9.9.1. Das Schema der Schwertkünste ………………………………..192 9.9.2. Der europäische Schwert – Film im Überblick …………………192 9.9.3. Der japanische Schwert – Samurai – Film ………………...…...193 9.9.4. Samurai at the Millenium ……………………………………….196 9.9.5. Der chinesische Schwertfilm ……………………………………197 9.10. Der asiatische Faust Film …………………………………...……...199 9.10.1. Die Motive der Faust Filme ……………………………………201 Filmliste chronologisch …………………………………………………..202 V 10. Der Eastern. ……………...……………………………………………203 10.1. Die Chronologie …………………………………………...……….203 10.2. Typisierung ……………………………………………………...…206 10.3. Eastern-Historie Japan ……………………………………………..207 10.4. Was ist der Eastern…………………………………………………209 10.5. Eastern Genres und Subgenres …………………………………….213 10.5.1. Nomen – Kombinationen – Titelparade ………………………213 10.6. Kino & Video …………………………………………………...…214 10.7. Maske - Kostüm & Dekor der Eastern…………………………….216 10.7.1. Kleidung ………………………………………………………216 10.7.2. Frisuren - Masken - Kopfschmuck……………………………218 10.7.3. Dekor - Ausstattung……………………………………………219 10.8. „Zeitgeist“ Unterschiede …………………………….……………..220 10.9. Das martiale Kostüm ……………………………….………………220
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