North Essex Garden Communities Monks Wood

EB/010

NORTH ESSEX GARDEN COMMUNITIES EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES: MONKS WOOD, BRAINTREE

May 2017 North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree Braintree District Council and Essex County Council

NORTH ESSEX GARDEN COMMUNITIES EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES: MONKS WOOD

Quality information

Document name Prepared for Prepared by Date Reviewed by Evaluation of CBC, TDC, BDC, ECC AECOM February 2017 JS / BC Alternatives: Monks Wood

Revision history

Revision Revision date Authorised Position Draft 1 April 2017 JS / BC Project Manager / Project Director

Final May 2017 JS/BC Project Manager / Project Director

This document has been prepared by AECOM Limited for the sole use of our client (the “Client”) and in accordance with generally accepted consultancy principles, the budget for fees and the terms of reference agreed between AECOM Limited and the Client. Any information provided by third parties and referred to herein has not been checked or verified by AECOM Limited, unless otherwise expressly stated in the document. No third party may rely upon this document without the prior and express written agreement of AECOM Limited.

2 AECOM Braintree District Council and Essex County Council North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree

Section 1.0 Section 2.0 Section 3.0 Introduction Monks Wood, Review Against the Braintree North Essex Garden Communities Charter

1.1 Introduction 2.1 Site Overview and 3.1 Criteria Landuse 3.2 Review 2.2 Call for Sites

2.3 Land Promoters and Development Agreements

2.4 Surrounding Settlement Hierarchy

2.5 Economic Context

2.6 Utilities

2.7 Landscape Character, Sensitivity and Condition

2.8 Agricultural Land Classifications

2.9 Ecological Designations

2.10 Parks, Recreation and Historic Environment

2.11 Water Cycle

2.12 Movement and Connectivity

2.13 Social Infrastructure

2.14 Development Capcity

2.15 Indicative Infrastructure Requirment

AECOM 3 North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree Braintree District Council and Essex County Council

4 AECOM Braintree District Council and Essex County Council North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree

01 Introduction 1.1 Introduction

AECOM 5 North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree Braintree District Council and Essex County Council

1.1 Introduction

Colchester Borough Council, Braintree District IIpswiich DSiiistett rSriitcudtt y (( ABre))a

Council and Tendring District Council are Site Study Area - collaborating, alongside Essex County Council, 5km Buffer North Essex Garden to identify an agreed strategicBa b e rrg h D iiapproachs ttrriic tt to the Communities Site allocation and distribution of large-scale housing North Essex Garden Communities Site - led mixed use development, including employment 5km Buffer

District / Borough Boundary opportunities and infrastructure provision, in the 1. West of Braintree Urban Area form of potential “Garden Communities”. 2. Marks Tey Railway 3. North of Colchester (! 4. REastailw ofa yColchester Station Brra iin ttrre e D iis ttrriic tt There has been a resurgence in the interest and attention being paid to the potential 5. Monks Wood of Garden Communities and how they fit into the 21st Century Context. With the Town and Country Planning Association (TCPA) as strong advocates at the forefront of this 3. movement, many places have sought to appreciate how a modern interpretation of the original Garden City Principles might address the urgent need to increase the level of housing development in the UK. The intention of the Garden Communities 2. 4. Uttttlle s ffo rrd D iis ttrriictt programme is to provide high quality homes, new transport improvements, good 1. schools, jobs and community amenities to be delivered in a strategic and sustainable way. The four councils are in agreement that the TCPA’s Garden City PrinciplesT e n d rriin provideg D iis ttrriic tt a valuable initial framework for achieving new settlements that are inclusive and 5. provide genuinely affordable,C o llc h e s tt ewellrr B odesignedrro u g h C o uhomes,n c iill local jobs and schools, integrated transport systems, high standards of green infrastructure and promotion of health within and beyond the emerging local plan period for each authority of 2032/2033. In response the councils are exploring the potential to establish new settlements in the form of North Essex Garden Communities, for which broad search areas have been identified by the councils for further consideration. This is in the context of the duty placed under the Localism Act 2011 on neighbouring authorities to cooperate on key strategic cross boundary issues in the preparation of their local plans.

As part of their investigation and analysis of the Garden Communities opportunity and its application and suitability to North Essex, the Councils commissioned AECOM to undertake a ‘Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study’. This was presented N across four volumes and completed in June 2016. C h e llm s ffo rrd Bo rro u g h SinceM thea lld o submissionn B o rro u g h of this work promoters of an additional site (herein referred to as 0 5 10 20 ‘Monks Wood’) have provided background evidence for consideration. Kilometers As a consequence this report provided baseline analysis to the same level of detail as Contains Ordnan²ce Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2016. that considered for other search areas and concludes with headline considerations on Figure 1: Study Area Context. development capacity, infrastructure requirement and overall assessment. 0 1.5 3 6

Kilometers 5km Site Study Area PATTISWICK

6 AECOM Braintree District Council and Essex County Council North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree

Site Study Area Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown copyright and database right © 2016. IIpswiich Diisttrriictt ((B)) District / Borough Boundary Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown copyright and database right © 2016. Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown copyright and database right © 2016. LegendUrban Area A Road IIpswiich DSiiistett rSriitcudtt y (( ABre))a Legend B Road Legend IIpswiich DSiiistett rSriitcudtt y (( ABre))a Definitions SiteR aSitluwdayy Area - Baberrgh Diisttrriictt (!5km Buffer IIpswiich Diisttrriictt ((B)) Throughout this report the following key terms and definitions are used when referring Railway Station Site Study Area - Site Study Area 5km Buffer Zone to the Monks Wood Garden Community: North Essex Garden 5km Buffer Braintree Site Study Area - Ba b e rrg h D iis ttrriic tt Communities Site North Essex Garden East Colchester Site Study Area: Ba b e rrg h D iis ttrriic tt Communities Site NoMrtha rEksss Teexy Garden 5km Buffer The red line boundary as indicated by the site promoters in their submission CoNmomrtuhn Citioelsc hSeitset e- r North Essex Garden North Essex Garden ‘Expression of Interest’. 5km Buffer Communities Site -

District / Borough Boundary B5kamb Buefferr g h D iis ttrriic tt Communities Site 5km Buffer Zone: Urban Area District / Borough Boundary This study area has been defined as a 5km buffer around each proposed site, shown North Essex Garden Braintree District Braintree District Railway Urban Area on Figure 2, which in the case of Monks Wood is indicated by a blue dashed line. Communities Site - (! Railway Station Railway Brra iin ttrre e D iis ttrriic tt 5km Buffer (! Railway Station Brra iin ttrre e D iis ttrriic tt District / Borough Boundary

Urban Area Uttttllesfforrd Diisttrriictt Railway Uttttlle s ffo rrd D iis ttrriictt Tendrriing Diisttrriictt (! Railway Station Uttttlle s ffo rrd D iis ttrriictt Brra iin ttrre e D iis ttrriic tt Collchestterr Borrough Counciill T e n d rriin g D iis ttrriic tt T e n d rriin g D iis ttrriic tt C o llc h e s tte rr Bo rro u g h C o u n c iill C o llc h e s tte rr Bo rro u g h C o u n c iill

Uttttlle s ffo rrd D iis ttrriictt

T e n d rriin g D iis ttrriic tt

Chellmsfforrd Borrough Maldon Borough Maldon Borough C o llc h e s tte rr Bo rro u g h C o u n c iill C h e llm s ffo rrd Bo rro u g h C h e llm s ffo rrd Bo rro u g h Ma lld o n B o rro u g h Ma lld o n B o rro u g h ² 0 ²1.5 3 6 Kilometers ² Figure 2: Study Area Definition 0 1.5 3 6 5km Site Study Area 0 1.5 3 6 Kilometers North Essex Garden Communities Kilometers 5km Site Study Area PATTISWICK 5km Site Study Area PATTISWICK

AECOM C h e llm s ffo rrd Bo rro u g h 7 Ma lld o n B o rro u g h ²

0 1.5 3 6

Kilometers 5km Site Study Area PATTISWICK North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree Braintree District Council and Essex County Council

This chapter provides baseline synthesis and key findings associated with the Monks Wood Garden Village proposal.

It concludes with a high level assessment of development capacity and infrastructure requirement.

8 AECOM Braintree District Council and Essex County Council North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree

02 Monks Wood, Braintree 2.1 Site Overview and Landuse 2.2 Call for Sites 2.3 Surrounding Settlement Hierarchy 2.4 Economic Context 2.5 Utilities 2.6 Landscape Character, Sensitivity and Condition 2.7 Agricultural Land Classifications 2.8 Ecological Designations 2.9 Parks, Recreation and Historic Environment 2.10 Water Cycle 2.11 Movement and Connectivty 2.12 Social Infrastructure 2.13 Development Capacity 2.14 Infrastructure Requirement

AECOM 9 North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree Braintree District Council and Essex County Council

2.1 Site Overview and Landuse

Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown copyright and database right © 2016. Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Sourced From Environment Agency 2016.

Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown copyrightContains Ordnance and databaseSurvey data Crown right copyright © 2016. and database Source: right Esri, © 2016. DigitalGlobe, Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, GeoEye, Earthstar Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, DS, AEX, USDA, Getmapping, USGS, Aerogrid, AEX, IGN, Getmapping, IGP, swisstopo, and Aerogrid, the GIS User IGN,Community. IGP, Contains swisstopo, public sector and information the GIS licensed User Community.under the Open Government Contains Licence public v3.0. sectorSourced From information Environment Agencylicensed 2016. under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Sourced From Environment Agency 2016. Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown copyright and database right © 2016. Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Sourced From Environment Agency 2016. Legend Legend Legend Site Boundary LegendSite Boundary Site Boundary The Monks Wood site is located approximately 5km 865ha Site Boundary 8Site65ha Boundary Site Boundary Site Boundary -5km 865ha Site Boundary east of Braintree and 13 km west of Colchester. Buffer Site865ha Boundary Site Boundary -5km Buffer Site Boundary -5km Site Boundary -5km Buffer The southern boundary is defined by the A120 Buffer which links Braintree and Colchester via the A12. Earls Colne Airfield Greenstead Green The settlement of Coggeshall is south east, on the southern side of the A120. The village of Pattiswick is dispersed in small clusters, such as around

the Church and Pub, with Stisted and Bradwell Essex Golf and in close proximity to the west and south-west Country Club respectively. The site comprises argricultural land Stisted with a landscape of existing field boundaries and woodland. A number of smaller rural lanes also bisect the site north to south.

The dotted black line shown in Figure 3 represents the maximum potential Braintree Golf Club development area submitted on the 21st March 2017 by the land agent. However, the reduced red line boundary has been submitted as the preferred option and is thus considered throughout the rest of this document.

Coggeshall ² Bradwell

0 500 1,000 A120 Metres

Aerial Imagery PATTISWICK

²² ²

0 500 1,000 0 500 1,000 0 500 1,000 Metres Metres Figure 3: Proposed site (shown with a solid red line) at Monks Wood, with Local Context and wider site. Metres 10 Aerial Imagery AECOM PATTISWICKAerial ImageryAerial Imagery PATTISWICK PATTISWICK Braintree District Council and Essex County Council North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree

Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown copyright and database right © 2016. Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community. Legend Key Findings Site Boundary Site −− The Call for Sites process for Braintree DC undertaken to support the development of the new Local Plan identified 6 sites in close proximity to the study area and south of the A120. This estimated a development area which collectively amount to 79.91ha of potentially developable land.

−− The individual site details submitted for the Call for Sites, although not specifically for the purposes of a garden community, are shown below in Table 1.

−− It has been suggested by the promoters of Monks Wood Garden Village (a site submitted after the Call for Sites and referenced COGG 641 below) that a first phase could deliver 1,500 homes and 60,000m2 of commercial space.

Call for Sites Location Proposed Use Site Area (ha) Reference Coggeshall (& Bradwell) COGG 641 North West Coggeshall. COGG 177 Residential COGG 641 Submitted Summer 2016 during (at least 5,000 539 ha Draft Local Plan preparation homes) (therefore not in 2016 SHLAA)

Sites to south of A120 Residential Land north of Ambridge Road/ Estimated yield COGG COGG 177 19.3 Ha Robinsbridge Road, Coggeshall of 500 (SHLAA) COGG1 68401

Mixed Use / COGG 177 Coggeshall West: Land at COGG 175 COGG 180 127 homes 25.9 Ha Highfields, Coggeshall

Residential- Vicarage Fields, West Street, COGG 175 Estimated yield 4.78 Ha Coggeshall COGG 640 of 127 homes Land at Westland Nurseries, West Residential for COGG 629 3.83 Ha Street, Coggeshall 55 dwellings COGG 629 COGG Land North of West Street, Residential COGG 640 5.9 Ha 180 Coggeshall circa 100 units Land South Of West Street, Residential 200 COGG 623 20.2 Ha Coggeshall Units COGG 175 COGG 623 Total Site Area: 618.91 Ha ² Table 1: Braintree DC Call for Sites Figure 4: Braintree DC Call for Sites COGG 640

AECOM 11 COGG 629 0 250 500

Metres

COGG 623 Call For Sites ² PATTISWICK 0 250 500

Metres

Call For Sites PATTISWICK North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree Braintree District Council and Essex County Council

2.3 Land Promoters and Development Agreements

Key Findings

−− The land is in the single ownership of the Hill family and promoted by Lightwood Strategic Ltd.

−− There are also a number of much smaller parcels of land in private ownership in close vicinity to the site identified through the Call for Sites process which are not currently included in the red line boundary. These are shown in Figure 4 to occupy the land between the south east of the site and Coggeshall.

Table 2: Preparation Documents Commissioned by Promoter to Date

Document Prepared By Monks Wood, Braintree, EOI Lightwood Planning

Figure 5: Monks wood - Land under the ownership of the Hill Family.

12 AECOM Braintree District Council and Essex County Council North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree

2.4 Surrounding Settlement Hierarchy

Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown copyright and database right © 2016. . Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Sourced From Environment Agency 2016. ! Contains Ordnance SurveyC doanttaa Cinrso Owrnd cnoapnycreig Shutr avnedy data bCarsoew rnig chotp ©y r2ig0h1t6 a. n. Cd odnattaibnass peu rbiglihct s ©e c2t0o1r 6in. f. oCromnattaiionns lpicuebnlisce sde ucntodre irn tfhoerm Oapteionn G licoevenrsnemd euntd Leirc tehnec Oe pve3n.0 G. Soovuercnemde Fnrto Lmic eEnncveir ovn3m.0.e Snot uArgceendc Fyr 2o0m1 E6n. vironment AgencyA 2016. Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown copyright and database right © 2016. . Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Sourced From Environment Agency 2016. A! A! Legend A!A1124 Legend Legend A1124 Earls ColneA1124 Legend A1124 A1124 A1124 ASite1124 Boundary Key Findings A1124 Site Boundary Site Boundary SiteSite BoundaryBoundary - Site Boundary - Site Boundary - 5kmSite BufferBoundary - A1017 5km Buffer 5km Buffer A1017 A1017 5km Buffer A1017 District / Borough −− The settlement of Braintree lies 5km to the west with Colchester13 km to District / Borough BoundaryDistrict / Borough District / Borough Boundary Boundary the east. ABoundary Road A131 A Road A Road A131 A Road A131 A131 B Road −− Coggeshall is the closest settlement to the proposed boundary that A1017 B Road B Road B Road A1017 A1017 Settlement Hierarchy offers access to facilities as a Key Service Centre. Earls Colne - also a Key A1017 Settlement Hierarchy Settlement Hierarchy Settlement Hierarchy Service Centre- is situated to the north beyond the 5km buffer. A! Main Town A! Main Town A! Main Town A! Main Town −− Kelvedon, to the south of Coggeshall and just outside the 5km buffer, is A! Key Service Village A! Key Service Village also a Key Service Centre with a railway station providing direct mainline B1024 A! Key Service Village A! Key Service Village B1024 B1024 B1024 A! Other Village rail access to Colchester and London. A! Other Village A! Other Village A! Other Village Population Density Population Density −− Other settlements in the immediate vacinity are low density villages with Population0.2 - 1 Density Population Density 0.2 - 1 strong rural character such as Pattiswick, Stisted and Bradwell. 1.10.2 -- 1 2.5 0.2 - 1 1.1 - 2.5 2.61.1 -- 5.02.5 1.1 - 2.5 2.6 - 5.0 Stisted 10.12.6 -- 20.05.0 2.6 - 5.0 A131 10.1 - 20.0 A131 10.1 - 20.0 10.1 - 20.0 A131 20.1 - 40.0 B1053 A131 20.1 - 40.0 B1053 40.120.1 -- 70.040.0 20.1 - 40.0 B1053 B1053 40.1 - 70.0 70.140.1 - -110.0 70.0 40.1 - 70.0 70.1 - 110.0 Bocking B1024 70.1 - 110.0 70.1 - 110.0 ! Bocking Pattiswick B1024 A B1256 Bocking B1256 B1024 ! Bocking B1024 ! BRAINTREEA B1256 B1256 A B1256 B125!6 A120 ! BRAINTREAE B1256 B1256 A BRAINTREE A120 B1256 ! ! A BraintreeBRAINTREE A120 A B1256 A! A120 A120 B1256 B1018 B1024 B1256 Bradwell A120 B1018 B1018 A120 B1024 B1018 A120 B1024 B1018 B1018 B1024 B1018 Coggeshall B1018 A! Coggeshall Coggeshall A! A! ! Coggeshall B1018 A120 A B1018 A120 BA1102108 B1A011820 A120 B1018 A120 B1018 A120 B1018 A120 B1018 B1024 A12 B1024 A12 B1024 A12 B1024 A12

Feering B1018 A! Feering B1018 Feering A12 ! B1018 A A12 A! A12 A12 Feering B1018 A12 A12 A! A12 Silver End A! Silver End A12 ² Silver End A! A! B1024 ² ² Silver End A12 B1024 A! KelvB1e0d2o4 n A12 ² A! AK1e2lvedon Kelvedon B!1023 B1024 0 500 1,000 ! A B1023 A12 A B1023 0 500 1,000 ! Kelvedon 0 500 1,000 A B1023 Metres 0 500 1,000 Metres Metres Figure 6: Monks Wood Settlement Hierarchy. Source: AECOM Metres SettlementSettlement Hierarchy Hierarchy PSettlementATTISWICK Hierarchy PATTISWICKPATTISWICSettlementK Hierarchy PATTISWICK

AECOM 13 North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree Braintree District Council and Essex County Council

2.5 Economic Context

Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeSooEuyrec,e E: aErsthris, Dtairg GitaeloGglorabpeh, iGcSeso, CEuyNrecE,eS E:/ aAEristrhbrsiu,t sDa Dri gGSie,t aUolSgGrDaloApb,h UeicS,s G, CSe,No AEESyX/eA, ,G irEebatumrst ahDpsSpt,ai nUrg SG, DAeAeo,r goUgrSarGipdSh, ,I iGAcNEsX, IC,G GNPe,E tsmSw/aiAspsiprtiobnpugos, A, DaenSrdo, gtUhriSed D,G IGAISN, U, sISGeGPr ,CS so,w mAisEmsXtuo,n pGitoye, tamnda pthpei nGgIS, AUeseror Cgroimd,m IGunNit, yIGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community Legend Legend A1017 A1124 Legend Key Findings A1017 A1017 A1124 Legend A1124 A1017 A1124 Site Boundary Site Boundary Site Boundary −− The closest concentration of existing employment to the site is in and around the village of Site Boundary Site Boundary - Site Boundary - Coggeshall. The village centre is home to a small cluster of service orientated businesses, Site Boundary - Site Boundary - 5km Buffer 5km Buffer with the Priors Industrial Estate located adjacent to the A120 on the northern edge of the 5km Buffer 5km Buffer B1024 B1024 A Road village. Because the A120 is part of the strategic road network with connectivity to Stansted B1024 A Road B1024 A Road Airport and the Haven Gateway ports (Harwich and Felixstowe), the businesses located here A Road B Road B Road have a focus on logistics and distribution. The Earls Colne Business Park lies approximately B Road B Road 3km north-east of the proposed boundary and provides space for around 40 businesses, Railway Railway Railway ! as well as the Essex Golf and Country Club and the Anglian Flight Centre. A Railway Station A! Railway 5 5 A! Railway Station 5 Railway Station Key Economic Area Type A! −− The closest main urban centres, providing a variety of established services, existing 5 Key Economic Area Type Railway Station Key Economic Area Type businesses and employment opportunities, are: Braintree (and Braintree Freeport) Industrial Estate / Industrial Estate / Key Economic Area Type approximately 5km west, and Colchester approximately 13km east. In addition a linear BuInsdinuesstsri aPla Ersktate / Business Park pattern of retail, leisure and other business types, including formal business parks (Tollgate Business Park Industrial Estate / Retail Park Business Park and Westside Centre), is found between Marks Tey and Stanway, within 10km Retail Park Retail Park Business Park Town Centre of the Monks Wood site area. All these concentrations of employment are readily accessible Town Centre Town Centre Retail Park to the site from the strategic road network (A120 and A12), B1053 B1053 B1053 1. The Colchester Centre −− As evidenced by the Braintree District Employment Land Needs Assessment 2015, current 1. The Colchester Centre Town Centre 2.1 F. rTeheep oCrot lVchilleasgteer Centre 2. Freeport Village levels of employment self-containment are low, with more residents working outside the A131 BA1103531 3.2 B. rFarienetrpeoer Rt Vetilalailg Peark district than in. Key centres for employment outside of Braintree include Colchester as A131 3. Braintree Retail Park 4.3 P. rBiorarsin Wtreaye IRnedtuasilt rPialr kEstate 1. The Colchester Centre mentioned, but also Chelmsford and London. Assuming that a degree of out commuting 4. Priors Way Industrial Estate 5.4 E. aPrrlsio Crso Wlnea yB Iunsdinuesstrsia Pl aErsktate 5. Earls Colne Business Park 2. Freeport Village would continue from any new garden community, the rail stations of Marks Tey, Kelvedon A131 5. Earls Colne Business Park 3. Braintree Retail Park B1256 4 and Witham on the Great Eastern Mainline (GEML) are each reasonably accessible (within B1256 4 30 min drive), providing a sustainable transport link to these centres and associated B1256 4 4. Priors Way Industrial Estate employment opportunities. However, without its own railway station, the Monks Wood 5. Earls Colne Business Park 1 site would require other forms of connecting public transport, such as rapid bus transit, to 1 1 B1256 4 create sustainable first leg journeys.

B1024 −− Stansted Airport is a further source of employment for residents of Braintree. It 3 B1024 3 B1024 2 3 is accessible from the A120 and within an approximate 30 minute drive. Planned 2 1 improvements to the A120 in the vicinity of Monks Wood may reduce this, though its extent2 A120 may be dependent on the selected road alignment. In addition, as the UK’s third largest A120 A120 freight airport, an expansion of freight volumes could further increase logistics demand in B1024 3 the area. The A120 improvements would also be beneficial to this, especially in the added 2 context of the Haven Gateway ports and planned upgrades to the A12 in the vicinity of Marks Tey. A120 −− The site location is within the zone 1 retail catchment areas of both Braintree Town Centre B1018 and Braintree Freeport. A certain level of retail needs generated from any new community B1018 might therefore be expected to be met from these centres. This proximity would therefore B1018 ² B1023 ² need to be taken into account in the planning of the garden community and its own centre. B1023 ² B1023 A12 −− Overall as a prospective employment location the site has a number of potential benefits, A12 A12 0 500 1,000 notably strategic connectivity, albeit the current single carriageway configuration of the 0 500 1,000 0 500 1,000 A120 between Braintree and Marks Tey on which the site is located, potentially limits the B1018 Metres site’s suitability as an employment location. The site will equally face competition from Metres Metres ² more established employment locations in and around both Braintree and Colchester, Figure 7: Monks Wood Economic Context. Source: AECOM. B1023 together with Witham and Chelmsford, with the latter especially relevantEc withon respectomic to C ontext A12 office based employment and the importance of a London connection. To attractE futureco nomic Context EPAcToTInSWoImCKic Context businesses flexible and complimentary employment space is most likely to be in Pdemand.ATTIS WICK 0 500 1,000 PATTISWICK Metres

14 AECOM Economic Context PATTISWICK

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! −−BT Openreach (October 2016) Greenstead Green !

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! −− There is spare capacity available at Coggeshall Primary substation. An 11 kV ! *#

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connection will be required between Coggeshall Primary substation and Pattiswick; −−UKPN! Distributed Generation Map National Grid Tower

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approximately 2 km of overhead lines and buried cables. Furthermore, an existing ! *#! ! National Grid Substation *# A

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−−National Grid GGas (September 2014)! National Grid Tower

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! ! ! Anglian Water A −− The Anglian Water Resource Zone that Pattiswick is situated within is forecast to ! "C

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*# ! ! Anglian Water

A A ! ! ! ! ! Works A! *#! A! ! ! Electricity Substation

A! *#! ! # A be in a deficit condition by 2039, resulting in additional importation of water from ! * ! A! ! ! A! *# ! Electricity Substation

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! ! Electricity Substation A ! ! A! ! *# Works operated by neighbouring areas being required. This forecast is based on the current rate ! ! # A! ! B

! *# Primary Substation

! ! A ! *# #! ! B# * ! ! # Primary Substation "C

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of growth in the area; any additional growth in population will result in the deficit ! ! ! Primary Substation Anglian Water A ! ! *# *#! ! ! Great Tey B# ! Substation !*# ! ! A! ! *#! Great Tey # occurring at an earlier date. ! ! "C B Substation ! *#! ! Great Tey B# ! ! ! !*# ! Substation *#! ! ! ! "C A! ! *# *#! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! "C Electricity Substation ! ! *# ! *#! *#! ! Electricity Transmission *#! ! ! ! ! ! A! ! *#! ! *#! *# Electricity Transmission ! ! ! ! ! ! Gas ! ! *# *# Electricity Transmission !#! ! Braintree Depot Primary * ! ! Overhead Transmission # ! B *# ! ! ! ! ! Primary Substation BraintreeB Doecpkiontg Primary ! # ! Overhead Transmission BraBintree Depot Primary *#! *#! Overhead Transmi!ss!ion! ! " Bocking ! ! ! ! Line - 400 kv C ! −− Intermediate and High pressure networks have adequate capacity. Medium and B# Bocking Stisted *# ! # ! B ! Line - 400 kv "C "C Stisted ! ! Great Tey # "C *# ! Line - 400 kv B ! Substation Stisted ! ! Low pressure networks will require reinforcement and extension to service new "C !*# A! A! ! ! *# ! Pole Line - 33 kv ! " "C *# *#! ! A! A! C ! ! ! ! ! ! A! A! Pole Line - 33 kv ! *#! Pole Line - 33 kv developments. #! * ! ! ! ! *#! Electricity Transmission ! ! *#! ! ! Gas Pipelines *#! *# ! ! Gas Pipelines ! ! Gas Pipelines ! *# ! Low Pressure Waste Water ! ! ! Braintree Depot Primary *#! Low Pressure ! Overhead Transmission ! ! Low Pressure *# ! *# Gas Pipe ! ! ! Bocking ! A! ! B# ! ! Gas Pipe ! *# ! A A! ! Gas Pipe −− Pattiswick does not sit within the catchment area for a Wastewater Treatment Works "C ! ! Line - 400 kv A! A! ! ! Stisted *# A! A A! ! A! A! ! ! Medium Pressure ! A! *# ! A! A A A! ! A! ! ! ! A A A! " ! A! A! A! C (WwTW). The Coggeshall works sit to the east and the Stisted works sit to the west. A! A! *# A! A! Medium Pressure ! ! A! A A! A! A! ! ! Medium Pressure A! ! A! A ! A! A ! A! ! ! Marks Tey A! Gas Pipe A! A! A! A A! A! A A! *# A! ! A! ! ! A A! A! A! ! Pole Line - 33 kv ! A! A! ! A A! *# # A! A! Marks Tey Gas Pipe ! Coggeshall WwTW is currently assessed as having sufficient volumetric capacity ! ! B A A A! Marks Tey Lake and Elliot Primary A! ! ! Gas Pipe A! *# ! A! A! A! ! A! # A! A A! ! B A! A! ! # Lake and Elliot Primary ! ! # A! High Pressure A! *# A! A! B B A! A! (headroom between the permitted dry weather flow and the demand)Lake and Ellio t Pandrimar y process A! *# ! A! A! ! # ! A! A! High Pressure ! ! A! B ! A! A ! A A A! ! Gas Pipelines ! *# High Pressure # ! B A! A! Gas Pipe A! A! *# A! A! A! A! ! ! A! capacity (relating to the volume of water a WwTW is capable of treating to the ! ! A! ! A! A! Gas Pipe A! A A! A! ! A! ! A ! A! A ! Gas Pipe A! ! ! A! A! ! A A! A! A! A! A! ! !*# A! ! *# A! A! A! Low Pressure ! ! A A ! A ! ! ! *#! ! A! A! A! A! A! required quality standards set by the discharge permit). Stisted WwTW isB ara insmallertree A! A ! A A! A! ! ! A! ! A! A ! A ! A! ! ! A !A ! ! ! *# A! ! !*# A! A! A! ! ! ! A A! A ! ! ! ! ! A! A A A ! A ! A !*# A! A! A !*# *#! A! A! A! A A! "C Braintree A! A! A! ! ! A! !A! ! A! ! ! A! A! A! A! A! A! A! ! ! ! A! A! !*# *#! ! *# A! A! A! A! A! Braintree A! A! A! ! ! !A! ! ! ! ! A! A! A! A! A! A! Gas Pipe works and was not assessed for volumetric or process capacity in the latest study A! ! ! *# ! *# ! !*# A! ! A! A! ! A! A! A! "C ! A! A! ! *#! A! ! ! A! ! ! A A! A! A!A! A A! A! A! A! A! A !A! !*# A! !*# ! A! A! " A! A! ! *#! ! ! ! A!! A! A! ! ! A! C A ! A ! ! *#! A A! A A! ! !

! A A! ! ! !*# ! ! A A! A! A! A! ! *#!#! A! !*#! A! ! *#! A! ! ! *# *# A! A! !A! A

*! ! ! A! ! A! A! *#! ! *#! ! A! A! A A! A!

due to the absence of planned growth within the catchment. ! *# *# ! ! *#! A! ! ! A! ! A! A ! ! A A! ! ! !A!! A! ! !! *#! ! ! A A! A!

*# ! !*# *# ! A! ! !*# ! A! A! ! *# ! ! A

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−− Anglian Water have confirmed that the Coggeshall, Great Tey and Bocking water ! A! Coggeshall A! Marks Tey ! A Gas Pipe

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recycling centres can accept limited inflows during the Anglian Water’s planning ! A! ! ! ! B

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B# ! ! High Pressure ! A # *# !

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B A! ! period to 2032. All would require a form of pumping to serve Pattiswick. !

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contained in treated effluent discharged into them from water recycling centres A ! A A A

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(WRCs). As such it is possible that additional treatment processes may be needed A A ! A! A! A !

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be necessary to pump and discharge to a less a sensitive!A water course. It is not A! A A! ! ! ! ! ! A A

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possible to confirm what the actual solution might be at this time for a new Garden ! A! A! A! !A !

!A ! A! A! !A A ! ! ! ! A! ! A A A A! A! " A! ! C !A ! ! !A 0 500 1,000 ! A

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! A! A! A! ! ! ! ! 0 500 1,000 !A ! Community at Monks Wood, and further investigationA would be required.A But it is A! A! ! A A! ! A

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possible that the additional infrastructure costs might be incurred. ! ! ! A ! A! A! ! A A A A !A !A A! A! ! A! !A !

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−− BT Openreach has made a commitment to supply high speed Ufibretil ioptictie sbroadband ! A! A! A! A! A!

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to all development over 30 dwellings at no cost to the developer. ! A A!

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! North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree Braintree District Council and Essex County Council

2.7 Landscape Character, Sensitivity and Condition

Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown copyright and database right © 2016. . Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Sourced From Environment Agency 2016. Contains Ordnance Survey Cdoanttai nCs rOorwdnnan ccoe pSuyrrviegyh dta taan Cdro dwan tcaobpyarsigeh tr aigndh dt a©ta b2a0se1 r6ig. h.t C ©o 2n01ta6.i n. Cso pntuaibnsli cp usbelic steocrt oinr ifnoforrmmattioionn lic leicnesends uende ur tnhde eOrp ethn eG oOveprnemne Gnto Lviceernncem ve3.n0.t S Loiucrceendc Fero vm3 E.0nv. irSoonmuercnte Adg eFnrcoym 20 1E6n. vironment Agency 2016. Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown copyright and database right © 2016. . Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Sourced From Environment Agency 2016. Legend Legend Legend Legend lne d ne o ( / ol (d/ C s C s Site Boundary Site Boundary D lne (d o er) D o / Key Findings e's Corn lne d C s Site Boundary o ( / o Corner) Site Boundary - C s e's D SSititee BBoouunnddaarryy - D 5km Buffer o e's Corner) o e's Corner) 5km Buffer Site Boundary - River Site Boundary - 5km Buffer 5km Buffer k Topography (m) River Broo −− The existing topography is broadly defined by the Blackwater River Valley, Bourne River 16 - 20 TopogrRapivheyr (m) ook with the site situated just to the north on a gently undulating plateau ne Br Topography (m) Bour ook 21 - 25 k ne Br Topography (m) Broo Bour 16 - 20 sloping to the south. Bourne 26 - 30 16 - 20 16 - 20 31 - 35 21 - 25 21 - 25 −− Forming part of two distinct Character Areas; High Garrett/ Markshall 36 - 40 2261 -- 3205 41 - 45 26 - 30 Wooded Farmland and the Blackwater River Valley. The former is described 3216 -- 3350 46 - 50 31 - 35 as a flat to undulating landform with a strong pattern of large and small 31 - 35 51 - 55 36 - 40 woods, with medium to large arable fields, bounded by low well trimmed 36 - 40 56 - 60 4316 -- 4450 thick hedgerows and some mature hedgerows trees. The site slopes down 61 - 65 41 - 45 River Roman 4461 -- 5405 to the River Blackwater, which is described as having gently sloping valley 66 - 70 46 - 50 46 - 50 71 - 75 51 - 55 slides, with arable farmland as the predominate landuse on the valleys 51 - 55 slopes. 76 - 80 5561 -- 6505 81 - 85 56 - 60 6516 -- 6650 86 - 90 River Roman 61 - 65 n River −− The settlement pattern is characterised by scattered farmstead and large er Roma6661 -- 7605 man Riv Halls with their associated estates. Ro 66 - 70 7616 -- 7750 71 - 75 7761 -- 8705 −− Forming part of the South Suffolk and North Essex Clayland National 76 - 80 Character Area, the geology consists of boulder clay, patches of brick 8716 -- 8850 ed Essex) mbin 81 - 85 water (Co ack 81 - 85 earth, and river gravels and alluvial deposits in the immediate vicinity of the Bl 86 - 90 86 - 90 river. 86 - 90

ed Essex) mbin water (Co ined Essex) ack Essex) mb Bl bined water (Co om ack kwater (C Bl lac ok B ey Bro Doms ²

Sources Br ain 0 500 1,000

−− Natural England, National Character Areas - GIS Digital Boundary Datasets Metres

−− OS Terrain 50 Landscape - −− Natural England GIS Digital Boundary Datasets PATTISWICK

−− Environment Agency Geostore k y Broo omse ok D ey Bro Brook Doms ² ey Doms ² −− Soilscape, National Soil Resources Institute (accessed through magic. ² Br co.uk) ain Bra Br in ain 0 500 1,000 0 500 1,000 −− Landscape Character of Braintree District 0 500 1,000 Metres Metres Metres Figure 9: Monks Wood Landscape and Topography. Source: Natural England / Environment Agency LandscaLpaen -d scape - PLAaTnTIdSWsIcCaKpe - PATTISWICKPATTISWICK

16 AECOM Braintree District Council and Essex County Council North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree

2.8 Agricultural Land Classifications

Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown copyright and database right © 2016. © Natural England material is reproduced with the permission of Natural England 2017. Contains Ordnance SurveyC odnatatain sC Orrodwnann cceo Spuryvreiyg dhatt aa Cnrdow dna ctoapbyraigshet a rnidg dhatt a©b a2s0e 1rig6h.t © 2N0a16tu. ©r aNla Etunragl Elanngdlan md mataeterriiall isis r erperpodruocdedu cweithd t hwei pther mthises iopne orfm Naistusriaol Enn oglfa nNda 2t0u1r7a. l England 2017. Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown copyright and database right © 2016. © Natural England material is reproduced with the permission of Natural England 2017. Legend Legend Legend Legend Site Boundary Site Boundary Key Findings Site Boundary Site Boundary - Site Boundary 5km Buffer Site Boundary - Site Boundary - Agricultural Land 5Skimte Buofufenrdary - Classification 5km Buffer 5km Buffer Grade 1 - Excellent Agricultural Land −− The quality of agricultural land is predominantly Grade 2 -Very Good. Classification Agricultural Land Grade 2 - Very Good Agricultural Land Classification Classification Grade 3 - Good to Grade 1 - Excellent −− The south-eastern edge of the site is classified Grade 3 - Good to Moderate Grade 1 - Excellent Grade 1 - Excellent Grade 4 - Poor Grade 2 - Very Good Moderate which defines the River Bllackwater Valley. Grade 2 - Very Good Grade 5 - Very Poor GGrraaddee 32 -- GVoeoryd Gtoood Non-Agricultural Land Moderate Grade 3 - Good to −− A bank of woodland (non-agricultural land) defines part of the northern Grade 3 - Good to Moderate Urban Use GMroader 4a t-e Poor boundary. Grade 4 - Poor GGrraaddee 54 -- VPeoroy rPoor Grade 5 - Very Poor Grade 5 - Very Poor Non-Agricultural Land Non-Agricultural Land UNrobna-nA Ugrsiceultural Land Urban Use Urban Use

0 500 1,000

Metres

Agricultural Land Classification PATTISWICK ²² ² Sources 0 500 1,000 0 500 1,000 −− Natural England, National Character Areas - GIS Digital Boundary 0 500 1,000 Metres Metres Metres

Figure 10: Monks Wood Agricultural Land Classifications. Source: Natural England AgriculturalAgricultural Land Classification Land Classification PAgriculturalATTISWICK Land Classification PATTISWICKPATTISWICK

AECOM 17 North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree Braintree District Council and Essex County Council

2.9 Ecological Designations

Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown copyright and database right © 2016. © Natural England material is reproduced with the permission of Natural England 2017. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0 Contains Ordnance SurveyC doanttaa iCnsr oOwrdnn canocpey Sriugrhvte ya nddat ad aCtraobwans ceo priygrhigth ©t a 2n0d1 d6at. a©b aNsaet ruigrahtl E©n 2g0l1a6n.d © m Natuerraial El insg rlaenpdr omdautecreiadl isw riethp rtohdeu pcedrm witshs tiohen poefr Nmaistsuioranl oEfn Ngaltaunradl E2n0g1la7n. dC 2o0n1t7a.i nCso nptuabinlsic p suebclict osre cintofor rinmfoartmioanti olinc elicnesnesde du nunddeerr t thhee Openn G Goovverenrmnmenet nLtic Leincceen vc3e.0 v3.0 Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown copyright and database right © 2016. © Natural England material is reproduced with the permission of Natural England 2017. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0 LegeLnedgend Legend Legend Site Boundary Key Findings Site Site Boundary - Site Site 5km Buffer Site Boundary - Site of SignificantSite Boundary - Site Boundary - 5km BSucfifeenrtific Interest −− The area around the site study area has a rich and varied ecological 5km Buffer 5km BAunfcfiernt Woodland baseline with a mosaic of habitats including: ancient woodland, arable Site of Special National Forest InvSeitnet oorfy S pecial fields, semi-improved grassland and the River Blackwater. SScitien otfif Sicp Iencteiarel st Scientific Interest Scientific Interest Local Wildlife Site −− Of particular importance is the nationally designated Belcher’s and Local Wildlife Site Local Wildlife Site Broadfield Woods SSSI. This is located within the 5km buffer area. Ancient Woodland Ancient Woodland Ancient Woodland National Forest −− There are a number of Local Wildlife Sites (LoWS) both in and around the National Forest site study area. These are designated mainly for woodland habitat. National Forest

−− The LoWS should be retained within any new development and green linkages made between them and to existing habitat located on the periphery of the site.

COGG 641 COGG 641 COGG 641 COGG 177 COGG 177 COGG 177 COGG 180 COGG 180 COGG 180 COGG 629 COGG 175 COGG 629 COGG 175 COGG 629 COGG 175

COGG 640 COGG 640 COGG 640 COGG 623 COGG 623 COGG 623 ²

Sources 0 500 1,000 −− Natural England, National Character Areas - GIS Digital Boundary Datasets ²Metres ² −− OS Terrain 50 ² Ecological Designations −− Natural England Designated Sites Citations 0 500 1,000 PATTISWICK 0 500 1,000 0 500 1,000 −− Essex Wildlife Trust for LoWS Metres Metres Metres Figure 11: Monks Wood Ecological Designations. Source: Natural England / Environment Agency EcologicEacl oDleosgiigcnaal tDioenssig nations PEAcTToISloWgICicK al Designations PATTISWICKPATTISWICK

18 AECOM Braintree District Council and Essex County Council North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree

2.10 Parks, Recreation and Historic Environment

^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown copyright and^_ database right © 2^_016. ^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown co^_pyright and database right © 2^_016. ^_^_^_ ^_^_ Contains Ordnance Su^_rvey data Crown ^_copyright and database right © ^_2016. ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ Legend Contains Ordnance Survey data Crown copyright and database right © 2016. ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ Legen^_d ^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ Legend ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ Legend^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ Site Boundary ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_S^_it^_e^_ Boundary ^_^_^_ ^_^_ Key Findings ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ Site Boundary ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_SSititee BBoouunnddaarryy - ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ Site Boundary - ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_5km B^_u^_ffer Site Boundary - ^_ ^_ ^_ 5^_km Buffer ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_Site Boundary - ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ 5km Buffer ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ Listed B5kumild Binugffer ^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_ Listed Building ^_ −− Of particular note is the Coggeshall Abbey Scheduled Monument, located ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ Listed Building ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ Li^_sted Building to the south east of Coggeshall. However, it is not in the site area and is ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ I ^_^_ ^_ I ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ I ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ I likely to be screened from any potential development by the village of ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ II ^_ ^_ ^_^_ II Cogeshall itself. ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ II ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ II ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ II* ^_ ^_ ^_ II* ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ II* −− The study area contains a number of Listed Buildings (Grade I, II and II*). ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ II* ^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ Registered Park and ^_^_ Registered Park and ^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ Garden ^_^_^_ There are 24 Listed Buildings within or on the immediate periphery of the ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_ Garden Registered Park and ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_ Registered Park andGarden ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_Scheduled Monume^_n^_t ^_ Garden site area. These are predominantly buildings, including farm houses and ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_ Scheduled Monument ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ Scheduled Monument cottages but also include a dovecote, church and a retaining ^_wall. The ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ Scheduled Monument ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ setting of these buildings should be of key consideration with^_ ^_ any new ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ development. ^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ −− The Braintree District Historic Environment Characterisation^_^_ Report^_^_ details ^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ that there appears to have been settlement in and around^_ the Coggeshall^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ area from the Mesolithic period onwards. In the Roman Period^_ Stane ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ Street ran through Coggeshall to Colchester. There have been^_^_ a number ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ of excavations in Coggeshall, including on the Roman farmstead^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ and in the^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ area between the river and market-place. These have demonstrated^_^_^_^_^_^_ the ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ survival of archaeological features and deposits. ^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ Sources ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ −− Braintree District Historic Environment Characterisation^_^_^_^_ Report^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ −− Braintree Historic Environment Characterisation (2010) ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ² ^_^_ −− OS Terrain 50 ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ −− Natural England GIS Digital Boundary Datasets ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_0 500 1,000 ^_ ^_^_^_^_ ² ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_ ² ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_ ² ^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ −− Historic England ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_ Met^_r^_e^_^_s ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_ 0 500 1,000 ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ 0 500 1,000 ^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_ 0 ^_^_^_500 1,000 ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_ Heritage ^_Assets ^_^_^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ Met^_res ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_ ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_ ^_ Metres ^_ PATTIS^_W^_ICK ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_ Metres ^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ Figure 12:^_^_ Monks^_^_^_ Wood Recreational^_^_^_^_ and Heritage Assets. Source: English Heritage / Natural England ^_^_^_ ^_^_^_^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ ^_^_ HeritageHeritage Assets Assets PHeritageATTISWICK Assets PATTISWICKPATTISWICK

AECOM 19 North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree Braintree District Council and Essex County Council

2.11 Water Cycle

er man Riv Ro River −− Land within the study area drains to a priority water which is considered oman an River R to be ‘at risk’ from agricultural diffuse pollution sources. The entire site is Rom within a surface water and groundwater Nitrate Vulnerable Zone. There are no water recorded abstraction licenses within the development area or groundwater source protection zones. The site is however within a surface water drinking water safeguard zone for pesticides and nitrates.

−− Flood risk from rivers has little impact on the site. The Flood Zone 2 and 3 d Essex) extents from the Blackwater River remain outside the development area. mbine wate (Co ack r The flood extents from the Robbins Brook run along the development area Bl with both Flood Zone 2 and 3 along the margins of the site. Flooding from ss surface water is more widespread, but generally limited to highways and bined E ex) om sse kwater (C bined E x) lac d Essex) om areas along the natural drainage paths in the topography. The area is not B mbine kwater (C wate (Co lac ack r B considered to be at high risk of groundwater flooding. Bl

−− Potable water is supplied by Anglian Water and falls within their South Essex water resource zone. This zone takes supplies from a variety of sources including groundwater sources and surface water pumped from

ok the River Colne into storage at Ardleigh reservoir, which is jointly owned ey Bro Doms ² with Anglian Water. The South Essex water resource zone has a greater

than 90% chance of being in supply deficit by 2040 without further Br ain intervention. This is due to growth in households and target headroom 0 500 1,000 requirements. Planned mitigation by Anglian Water takes the form of ok ey Bro Metres demand management and amendments to the Ardleigh agreement with Doms ok ey Bro Brook Doms ² ey Affinity Water over the resources in the area. Doms ² ² B ra Risink of FlooB ding - ra Br in PATaTinISWICK 0 500 1,000 0 500 1,000 0 500 1,000 Metres Metres Metres Figure 13: Proposed site at Monks Hill Water Cycle. Source: Natural England / Environment Agency Risk of FRloisokd ionfg F -lo oding - PRAiTsTkIS oWfIC FKlooding - PATTISWICKPATTISWICK

20 AECOM Braintree District Council and Essex County Council North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree

Sources

−−Environment Agency Catchment Data Explorer, Environment Agency website (27th February 2017)

−− Environment Agency WIYBY online maps, Environment Agency website (27th February 2017)

−− Environment Agency Long Term Flood Risk Information, Gov.uk website (27th February 2017)

−− Final Water Resource Management Plan 2015-2020, Affinity Water (June 2014)

−− Haven Gateway Water Cycle Study Stage 2 Report, Haven Gateway Partnership (November 2009)

−− Level 1 Strategic Flood Risk Assessment Final Report, URS (May 2015)

−− Waste Water Treatment Works Needs Assessment in Essex and Southend- on-Sea Final Report, URS (June 2014)

AECOM 21 North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree Braintree District Council and Essex County Council

2.12 Movement and Connectivity

Key Findings Key Findings Key Findings

Travel Patterns A120 currently experiences congestion and journey time issues due to the Public Transport constrained nature of the link capacity along this section of the road. −− 2011 Census mode share data for the LSOAs in which the Monks Wood −− The area is served by several strategic bus routes operating on the A120, site sits demonstrates a strong reliance on individual motorised modes −− A recent publication and consultation process has taken place led by ECC these include the following: with 67% of all work related trips undertaken by either car or motorbike. in partnership with Highways England exploring the potential future re- - Public transport trips (17% of all work related trips) appear relatively high alignment of the A120 from Braintree to the A12. The realignment, whether - National Express 250 between Ipswich and Stansted with 11 services per day (including night services) given the absence of a rail station within close proximity to the site. This is on-line with the current alignment or a new alignment altogether, will - likely explained by the fact that the Census data is main mode of transport probably alleviate the current congestion issues on the single carriageway - Route SX 133, Stansted to Braintree with a service frequency of 1 bus per hour. This service also offers a much less frequent service to Colchester. and therefore a high proportion of commuters in this LSOA drive to the sections of the A120. - stations of Braintree and Marks Tey, i.e. drive is their 1st leg and rail is the - Route 70 connecting Colchester with Chelmsford via Braintree with 2 to 3 −− The Braintree Local Plan modelling identifies Marks Farm roundabout services per hour 2nd leg. Walking and cycling (active modes) work-related trips account for - 9%, with 1% cycling and 8% walking. The Census data set in which the site and the A120/B1024 junction in Coggeshall as overcapacity in its full - Route 803 connecting Witham to Harwich via Braintree with 2 to 3 sits also includes the edge of Coggeshall which would likely result in this development scenario (2032). This includes significant development services per day. data set being skewed slightly, given the area of interest is predominantly on sites at West of Braintree, Marks Tey, Great Notley and along the −− These bus services do not currently stop near to the Monks Wood site. The rural whilst Coggeshall may likely see higher walking to work statistics. eastern edge of Braintree settlement. However, it is important to note closest bus stop for bus route 70 is located on West Street in Coggeshall The output area used is the lowest possible for which the variable exists that the Local Plan modelling does not assume major development in or (1km+ from the site). Other long distance services stop on the A120 at however. surrounding Pattiswick. Bradwell (2km+ from the site). −− The majority of journeys to work are shown to be between 5 and 20km Rail (34%) whilst journeys over 20km represent 28%. This would suggest that a −− The Monks Wood site is not served by a railway station. large proportion of trips would require a motorised form of transport based on current home - work trips (62% of total trips). Journeys fewer than 5km −− Kelvedon Station is the closest station some 5.6km to the southeast of represent 16% and under 2km this drops to 10%. When considering both the site. It can accessed via the B1024 and provides access to mainline travel including and excluding (13%) working from home as a comparison, services with approximately two services an hour towards Colchester and the figures remain consistent. Therefore the influence of settlements three services an hour to Liverpool Street of Coggeshall and further afield the edge of Braintree appear to be considerable and thus suggest a localise draw, even though the current −− Braintree and Braintree Freeport are both located approximately 5km from site sits within an rural and somewhat isolated location at present. the site via the A120. They provide access to the Braintree branch line, which is currently limited to one service per hour towards Witham. −− Braintree District is characterised by a substantial but lower level of self- containment of travel patterns than other North Essex districts with 46% of −− Marks Tey station is located at about 14km drive from the site using the people living and working in Braintree. The main travel movements to work A120 and provides access to the Great Eastern Main Line services with outside of Braintree are toward Chelmsford and London, both representing four trains per hour in the direction of Colchester and London. Sources 12% of Braintree’s working population commuting to these destinations. −− North Essex Garden Communities Baseline Compendium, June 2016 Road −− Braintree Local Plan Options Assessment, February 2016 −− The A120 trunk road borders the southern edge of the site, which in this location is a single lane carriageway in both directions. This section of the −− Anglia Route Study, Network Rail, March 2016

−− Google Maps, consulted February 2016

22 AECOM Braintree District Council and Essex County Council North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree

Figure 14: Monks Wood- Transport Context

AECOM 23 North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree Braintree District Council and Essex County Council

Opportunities and Constraints Opportunities and Constraints Opportunities and Constraints

Travel Patterns −− Constraints to access maybe in the form of unsuitable existing road −− In addition, the current studies undertaken for the new A120 open networks and the ability to form access from these. This hinders the ability possibilities to consider the old A120 alignment for rapid transit, that would −− Opportunity to plan towards a more sustainable modal split for this area and for the network to accommodate multiple new developments that are self- run along the Monks Wood site. others in Braintree will allow mitigation of the impact on the network by not contained in their location and with sufficent accessibility to ensure there reproducing the current high levels of car usage and ownership. are good linkages between developments without relying on car movement −− In addition to rapid transit proposals, opportunities exist to look at a local throughout the town. bus network connecting the development site identified under this scope −− Existing modal splits need be challenged and reflect the transit-oriented and key destination such as rail stations at Marks Tey and Braintree. development (TOD) nature of the identified sites as one of the main Garden −− Access would likely be formed in two main locations from the A120 (current Communities principles. For that, opportunities to encourage sustainable alignment). Junctions are likely to be at grade and signalised in order to allow −− Local bus services require greater frequencies to provide an attractive travel in and around Pattiswick should be sought, including improvements for future bus priority and to accommodate future traffic flows ‘second tier’ of public transport to support the rail station and provide a 1st to walking and cycling infrastructure and public transport provision. leg trip to the station of residents of new developments which lie outside of −− As part of the newly proposed A120 scheme, traffic reductions are the 800m active modes catchment. −− The absence of a rail station is a detriment to the future development of expected in key settlements such as Coggeshall. This would reduce the Pattiswick to improve sustainable movements to main employment areas volumes of traffic using the A120/B1024 junction, subsequently improving Active Modes and reduce the need for car usage and ownership. its performance in the case of Option B, C, D or E being taken forward and −− Direct routes, linking the existing settlement of Coggeshall and new offering the possibility for the existing alignment to be developed as a rapid −− Given the rural location of the area under investigation, innovative car development sites, would be required. transit corridor. sharing / car hire schemes should be explored, but at this time are unlikely −− Given the size of sites under investigation in Pattiswick, opportunities to be particular viable to operators unless a critical mass can be assumed. −− On the other hand Option A, which is the only one reusing part of the should be explored to develop a consistent network of greenways and existing A120 alignment, will be likely to improve performance and access to −− Given the current share of work trips consisting of journeys of less than 5km quietways across the existing and extended urban settlements, providing the site. However, it will also be likely to create a severance between the site is 16%, with a further 10% categorised as less than 2km, this represents a key connections to the station and other main local destinations. and Coggeshall and limit the opportunity to develop this corridor as a prime potential target for short distance journeys to be undertaken by walking or public transport corridor. cycling if the infrastructure requirements are met, such as safe and secure −− In a number of cases the addition of formal cycle lanes may prove difficult given the nature of the road network (notably concerning available space, cycling routes and cycle parking to encourage those trips. This will remain a −− It is unlikely that the existing rural road network to the north would be speeds and role). Formal cycle lanes are one of the main solutions to challenge for external trips outside of the site however, given the location of suitable nor appropriate for upgrading given the nature of these and ensuring that residents will take up active modes for both short and longer the site to existing larger settlements and the potential severance created character. by the A120. However with the correct infrastructure implementation, distance movements. movement within the site and to the localised periphery is evidently −− New junctions should allow for bus priority routes off the A120 through the −− A dedicated cycle corridor over the A120 to link Coggeshall possible and should be focused on, given short distance trips by car cause site. the majority of local congestion and could be avoided through clear design and transport strategies. Public Transport Sources Road −− Given the location of the site to existing urban settlements and stations, it appears unrealistic and challenging to consider a rail station at Pattiswick −− The Local Plan modelling does not include development sites identified given the status of any potential new east-west rail line between the GEML −− North Essex Garden Communities Baseline Compendium, June 2016 around Pattiswick. This would suggest that even without development in and Stansted. However, located halfway between Marks Tey and Braintree, Pattiswick the highway network is constrained and will require mitigation this site could benefit from the wider public transport proposals explored −− Braintree Local Plan Options Assessment, February 2016 measures to ensure development can be accommodated. This would within the scope of the North Essex Garden Communities including rapid require further modelling assessment in future to ensure the impact of this transit (bus or tram-train) network. −− Anglia Route Study, Network Rail, March 2016 proposal is adequately assessed and mitigatiomeasures put forward. −− Google Maps, consulted February 2016

24 AECOM Braintree District Council and Essex County Council North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree

1 2

Figure 15: Monks Wood, transport context

AECOM 25 North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree Braintree District Council and Essex County Council

2.13 Social Infrastructure - Education

Essex County Council has developed a Commissioning School Places in Essex The 5km buffer of the proposed settlement at Monks Wood is within Braintree District As the current projected need does not assess the wider impact of cumulative 2016-2021, published in January 2017. This provides information related to Council. The following social infrastructure review is based on assessing the current development in the surrounding area, the Infrastructure Development Plan is future pupil numbers and where further expansion will be required to meet situation, committed infrastructure and future issues where these are relevant to the currently revising these numbers. As a result, future demand may be under housing demands. It is important to note that the outputs generated through the Monks Wood Site. However, although an overall surplus has been identified, the impact represented in the following analysis. Commissioning School Places in Essex do not take account for any other local of growth allocated in the surrounding Local Plans has not been considered. plan growth, as outlined in Appendix two of the commission.

Key Findings - Primary Key Findings - Secondary Key Findings - Further Education

Current Situation within 5km Buffer (February 2017) Current Situation within 5km Buffer (February 2017) Current Situation within 5km Buffer (February 2017)

0 1 11 3 117 Further Secondary School Surplus Places Primary Schools Surplus Places Education

Committed Infrastructure within 5km Buffer of site. Committed Infrastructure within 5km Buffer Committed Infrastructure within 5km Buffer

−− There are no plans for a new, or expansions to an existing, primary school −− A review of the Essex Commissioning School Places 2016-2021 identifies −− There is no identified Further Education infrastructure within a 5km radius within Braintree District and within 5km of the site. no committed secondary school provision, assessment may be needed of the proposed Monks Wood settlement. to identify whether a new school(s) is required given the quantum of Future and Wider Issues development which might be delivered. Future and Wider Issues

−− The Commissioning Plan forecasts a decrease of 116 primary school pupils Future and Wider Issues −− The minimum age at which young people in England can leave learning between 2016 and 2021 for Braintree, in which there is a forecast surplus of increased in 2013, requiring young people to continue education or 1,479 places across the local authority by 2021. −− The Commissioning Plan forecasts an increase of 322 secondary school training to the end of the academic year in which they turn 17. This has pupils between 2016-2021 for Braintree, in which there is a forecast been followed with a policy beginning in 2015 where all young people must −− Proposed growth at Monks Wood would create a significant requirement for surplus of 1,186 places across the local authority by 2021. remain in learning to their 18th birthday, This is referred to as Raising the primary school places, therefore proposals coming forward would need to Participation Age (RPA). consider the delivery of future education infrastructure provision. −− Proposed growth at Monks Wood would likely create significant requirement for secondary school places, depending on the scale of −− This requires local authorities to ensure and provide options for young −− Essex County Council are seeking contributions from housing developers development. If the site were to come forward, there would need to be people to learn the skills required. Local authorities have the duty to: towards the cost of providing the additional places required for the pupils consideration for the delivery or contribution to education infrastructure. generated by new housing. −− Promote effective participation in education or training to young −− Essex County Council are seeking contributions from housing developers people; towards the cost of providing the additional places required for the pupils generated by new housing. −− Ensure that sufficient places are available to meet the reasonable needs of all young people and encourage them to participate; and

−− Make available to young people support that will allow them to participate in education or training.

−− As a result, students may be required to travel to Colchester and Braintree to access Further Education.

Sources

−− Department of Education, Edubase Portal (February 2017)

−− Commissioning School Places in Essex 2016-2021

26 AECOM Braintree District Council and Essex County Council North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree

Contains Ordnance SuCrvoeyn dtatian ©s C Ororwdnn caonpycriegh St aunrdv deayta bdaaseta ri g©ht C20r1o6w. n copyright and database right 2016. Legend Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2016. Legend Legend Site Boundary Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2016. Primary School Capacity Analysis Secondary School Capacity Analysis Legend Site Boundary Site Boundary Site Boundary - Surplus / Secondary School Surplus / Primary School Name Capacity Label Capacity Label Site Boundary 5km Buffer Name Site Boundary - Deficit DeficitSite Boundary - Site B5okumnd aBruy f-fer %, Silver End Primary The Honywood Secondary School 420 129 1 School Community Science 1,050 511km Buffer 4 5km Buffer (Surplus 11) %, Secondary School School %, St Peter’s Church of Secon(Sdaurryp Slucsh o1o1l ) England Voluntary %, Primary School - Surplus / Deficit 312 -16 2 TOTAL 1,050 S11econdary School (Surplus 11) Controlled Primary Primary School - Surplus / Deficit A! < -10 School, Coggeshall (Surplus 11) Primary School - Surplus / Deficit Sisted Church of England A! < -10 ! 108 4 3 A -10 - 1Primary0 Academy A! < -10 Primary School - Surplus / Deficit A! -10 - 10 A! TOTAL 840 177 -10 - 10 A! > 80 A! < -10 A! > 80 A! > 80 A! -10 - 10

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Education PATTISWICK North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree Braintree District Council and Essex County Council

Social Infrastructure - Health

Key Findings Key Findings Key Findings

Current Situation within 5km Buffer Committed Infrastructure within 5km Buffer Future and Wider Issues

2 0 −− In absence of an Infrastructure Delivery Plan for Braintree, this analysis −− The proposed Monks Wood settlement sits within Mid Essex Clinical GP Hospitals has not identified any committed or planned infrastructure for healthcare Commissioning Group, which is an NHS organisation set up by the Health Practices within 5km of West of Braintree within Braintree District. and Social Care Act 2012 to organise the delivery of NHS services.

−− The CCGs receives funding and are commissioned by NHS England to provide primary care services (including GPs), in turn the CCGs GPs commission most services in their areas to trusts that include hospital and −− There are 2 GP practices identified within 5km of the proposed Monks community healthcare. Wood settlement, one of which is within close proximity to the south east −− Depending on the scale of development, new GP provision will be required. of the site in Coggeshall. Consideration will need to be given to provision on-site or an upgrading of −− There is an overall deficit in provision of GPs across the wider 5km buffer facilities in the wider area. Similarly, the future demand for hospital beds zone with -2139 patient spaces. However, this is a theoretical assessment, will likely require upgrading of existing facilities in the wider area, which and the actual pressures may be more pressing. It can be seen that both development may need to contribute towards. of the current facilities have a poor patient to GP ratio, which further Mid Essex Clinical Commissioning Group development will further exacerbate. −− Mid Essex CCG has identified that demand will increase due to population Hospitals growth, ageing and an increase in people with multiple long-term −− There are currently 0 hospitals identified within 5km of Monks Wood. conditions. However, despite the growth in future patients projected, Mid Essex is one of the 11 most financially challenged health economies.

−− To address these issues, the CCG is looking to improve the integration of multiple aspects of the health system including hospital teams, community staff, primary care and social care. The CCG is therefore putting greater focus on responding to the needs of local people, using stages of life model.

Sources Sources Sources

−− NHS England, MyNHS Portal datasets (February 2017) −− Not applicable. −− Mid Essex Clinical Commissioning Group

−− Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) dataset (January 2016)

28 AECOM Braintree District Council and Essex County Council North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree

Contains Ordnance SurveCy odanttaa ©i nCsro Ownr dconpaynrigchet a Sndu dravteabya dsea rtigah t© 2 0C16ro. wn copyright and database right 2016. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2016. Legend Legend Legend GP Capacity Analysis Site Boundary Site Boundary Full Time Site Boundary Site Boundary - Surplus / Site Boundary - Practice Name Equivalent Patients Capacity Label Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2016. 5km Buffer Deficit Legend 5km Buffer GP’s Site Boundary - GP - Surplus /The De fCoggeshallicit Surgery 3 5,678 5,400 -278 1 GP - Siuter pBlouusn /d aDrey ficit 5km Buffer Silver End Surgery 1 3,661 1,800 -1,861 2 Site Boundary - GF -1999 - -1000 GF -1999 - -1000 TOTAL 4 9,339 7,200 -2139 %, 5km Buffer Secondary School GF -499 - 0 GP GF- Surpl-u4s9 /9 D -e 0ficit (Surplus 11)

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Education PATTISWICK North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree Braintree District Council and Essex County Council

Social Infrastructure - Community Facilities and Emergency Services

Key Findings Key Findings Key Findings

Current Situation within 5km Buffer Committed Social Infrastructure within 5km Buffer Future and Wider Issues

−− In absence of an Infrastructure Delivery Plan for Braintree, this analysis −− A review of ambulance services has identified a change in the future model 0 0 1 has not identified any committed or planned infrastructure for community of ambulance provision by the early 2020s within the East of England’s Ambulance Police Fire facilities or emergency services within 5km the proposed Monks Wood Ambulance Services. This involves a hub and spoke service in order to Station Station Station Settlment. meet demand from existing populations. Traditional ambulance stations act as the main hubs of service, with smaller 24/7 posts acting as the 1 0 spoke. Community 2 Youth −− Further work will need to determine whether the capacity of the existing Centres Libraries Centres emergency services can cope with the forecasted increase in population.

−− Further work will need to determine whether the capacity of the existing −− Across the 5km buffer zone, the analysis identifies one fire station but no community facilities can cope with the forecast increase in population. police or ambulance stations. However, it is likely that future development of the scale proposed at Monks Wood would need to provide some community offer commensurate Libraries with the eventual scale of any future new settlement.

−− There are two libraries within the 5km wider area of the proposed Monks Wood settlement, although none are within Pattiswick itself.

Youth Centres

−− There is no youth centres within 5km of the proposed Monks Wood settlement.

Community Centres

−− There is one community centres within 5km of the development. It is assumed that the Bradwell Village Hall provides a range of services and is thus classed as a community centre.

Sources Sources Sources

−− East of England Ambulance Services, Essex Police, Essex County Fire & −− Not applicable. −− East of England Ambulance Services Rescue Services −− Essex Police −− Google maps to identify community facilities, libraries and youth centres −− Essex County Fire & Rescue Services

30 AECOM Braintree District Council and Essex County Council North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree

Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2016. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2016. Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2016. Community Service Facilities Emergency Service Facilities Legend Legend Legend Name of Facility Type Label Name of Facility Type Label Site Boundary Site Boundary Site Boundary Community Station 24 Coggeshall Fire 4 BradwellSite B oVillageundary Hall - 1 Site Boundary - Centre 5km Buffer Site Boundary - 5km Buffer Coggeshall Library Library 2 Community Facility 5km Buffer Community Facility Silver End Library Library 3

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Education PATTISWICK North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree Braintree District Council and Essex County Council

2.14 Development Capacity

Key Drivers PROJECT OBJECTIVES, SCALE & PLANNING STATUS Overview AECOM have measured the proposed site to be 558.15 hectares of agricultural land 3 bordered to the south by the A120, which links Braintree and Marks Tey. Figure 19 has been digitised from the Lightwood Planning Expression of Interest document to produce a total developable area for the proposed site based on this figure.

The following sections provide an analysis of existing proposals and are not an 6 indication or recommendation for future use. The land is in single ownership and promoted by Lightwood Strategic Ltd solely.

Proposed Landuse −− An initial phase would consist of up to 1,500 homes, with additional capacity for approximatly 5,000 homes within the masterplan area as shown in Figure 19.

−− The development would aim to provide at least 150,000m² of commercial space for industrial, warehousing and office development. Local needs retail, the care sector, leisure and hospitality uses (e.g. motorway hotel) will also provide employment as will the (non-commercial) education sector. 5 −− Delivery of a new sports hub 4 −− Delivery of a new free school (not specified if primary or secondary)

Green Infrastructure −− The estate is undulating with a propensity of woodland, particularly on the perimeters, providing substantial established screening, landscaping and amenity. 2 −− The potential involvement of the National Trust in the stewardship of a new 120 acre country park and wider green infrastructure network within the village itself;

−− The growing and local use of biomass fuel with the country park, related to flood attenuation measures and to contributing to the Governments renewable energy targets

Connectivity

−− Developer subsidy for A120 improvements 3.12.0 High Level Spatial Framework Lightwood Planning | 27 1 −− Introduction of sustainable transport modes 558.15 ha 16.39 ha 5,151 197.55 ha Total Site Area Mixed-Use (Community Open Space Facilities) 35 dph

View Corridor 213.75 ha 32.67 ha 147.17 ha 122.03 ha Total Developable Area Employment and Leisure Residential Developable Green Corridors and Land Area Infrastructure

Figure 19: Developable Area Diagram

32 AECOM Braintree District Council and Essex County Council North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree

1 4

2 5

3 6

Figure 20: Existing Viewpoints

AECOM 33 North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree Braintree District Council and Essex County Council

2.15 Indicative Infrastucture Requirement

Project List The following table identifies the key project requirements to support Monks Wood as it relates to Social Infrastructure, Utilities and Transport. These projects are based on a high level, assumption based, assessment of the infrastructure requirements for approximately 5,000 homes and usages assosiated with this level of development.

Demand Arising from Cost per Unit Infrastructure Development (£) Total Cost (£) Phasing Justification Option Education Primary Schools Form Entry 2.2 Phasing of education infrastructure to occur Minimum requirement, assuming off-site mitigation and no account of existing surplus/deficit in existing surrounding facilities. Secondary Schools Form Entry 2.3 £3,750 19,316,250 within development period and post according to Education costs and calculations based upon The Essex County Council Developers’ Guide to Infrastructure Contributions - the housing growth triggers Revised Edition 2016 Early Year Facilities 3 Healthcare & Community General Practioners 5 Dentists 6 Acute Hospital Beds 19 Phasing of healthcare infrastructure to occur Minimum requirement, assuming off-site mitigation and no account of existing surplus/deficit in existing surrounding facilities. £2,250 11,589,750 within development period and post development, All AECOM Social Infrastructure Modelling (SIF) standards as set out in Appendix 2 of the North Essex Issues and Options Library Space 296 according to the housing growth triggers for each Assessment. facility 4 Court Sports Centre 0.7 4 Lane Swimming Pool 0.1 Open Space Outdoor Sport 15.11 Children’s Play Space 3.46 Phasing of open space infrastructure to occur Semi Natural Open Space 19.75 £2,750 £31,278,207 within development period and post development, Parks and Gardens 13.03 according to the housing growth triggers for each type Minimum requirement based on standards as set out in Appendix 2 of the North Essex Issues and Options assessment. Amenity Green Space 8.72 Allotments 2.24 Phasing of country park to occur within Country Park - - £10,000,000 development period and post development, according to the housing growth trigger Utilities - Scheme-wide Enabling Works Energy

24 No. 11 kV to 400 V distribution substations 18.0 MW

4 No. 11 kV ring circuits from primary Phasing of energy infrastructure to occur within substation to connect to distribution - development and post development period, substations. according to housing growth triggers Distribute end-user loads

400 V LV circuits from distribution substations - to end users Scheme Wide Scheme Wide Enabling Works Potable Water Enabling Works Cost/unit: Total Cost: £16,250 £83,703,750 Phasing of potable water infrastructure to occur New network of distribution pipework 2,490 m3/day within development and post development period, New supply pipework Environment/ Environment/ according to housing growth triggers Sustainability/ Sustainability/ Waste Water Waste Cost/unit: Waste £500 Total Cost: 1 No. Pumping station 2,241 m3/day £2,575,500 Phasing of waste water infrastructure to occur Plot connections for all properties to waste within development and post development period, Raw sewage to existing treatment plants water distribution network - according to housing growth triggers Gas 1 No. Medium to Low Pressure reducing station 21 MW Phasing of gas infrastructure to occur within development and post development period, Connecting to end users Plot connections for all properties to gas according to housing growth triggers distribution network -

34 AECOM Braintree District Council and Essex County Council North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree

Demand Arising from Cost per Unit Infrastructure Development (£) Total Cost (£) Phasing Justification Option Utilities - Off-Site Requirements Energy Primary Substation 33/11 kV with 2 x 30 MVA transformers 18 MVA - 33 kV connection to new Primary Substation £9,000,000 2033/34 Provide electrical power capacity for development from existing Overhead Line south of - - Pattiswick. 2 km distance Potable Water Extenstion of existing network from Braintree 2,490 m3/day - £4,000,000 Additional importation from neighbouring Initial Phase Distribution of potable water to end users areas required to serve the Anglian Water - - - Resource Zone Waste Water 5 km waste water transmission connection from new pumping station in Pattiswick to 2,241 m3/day - £5,000,000 Initial Phase Bocking Water Recycling Centre Gas 3 km extension to existing Medium Pressure network serving Coggeshall - - £2,400,000 Initial Phase Gas supply to end users Telecommunications Development of access chambers for BT Telecoms network, BT Openreach fibre optic network and private telecoms network - - £2,000,000 Initial Phase ICT and data networks to end users throughout development Transport - On-Site / Off-Site Requirements Travel plan measures (smarter choices, car clubs, charging points, etc) - Straight Period - - £4,378,350 Up to Plan Period New guided busway on site - Up to Plan Period - - £1,750,000 Up to plan Period

New pedestrian / cycle way on site - Up to Plan Up to Plan Period Period - - £1,000,000 Transport Hub BRT / LRT At Grade - (2031 / 2032 ) - - £10,000,000 2031/2032 To ensure non-car mode transit is embedded from the outset and to connect with the sub-regional transport connectivity solutions. Upgraded pedestrian & cycle networks - Up to - - £3,000,000 Up to plan period Plan Period

Bus service subsidies & other public transport Up to plan Period improvements - Straight Line - - £2,060,400

At grade high quality pedestrian / cycle Up to Plan Period crossings over A120 - - £2,000,000

Upgrade existing site access junction - Initial Initial Phase To facilitate vehicular connection to the site Phase - - £10,000,000

**Total Cost £215,052,207 (Total Cost at May 2016 Prices but excluding Professional Fees and Design Development and Construction Contingency) Table 3: Key Infrastructure Requirements for the proposed site at Monks Hill

AECOM 35 North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree Braintree District Council and Essex County Council

This Section sets out Performance Review conclusions.

36 AECOM Braintree District Council and Essex County Council North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree

Review against the North Essex Garden 03 Community Principles 3.1 Criteria 3.2 Review

AECOM 37 North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree Braintree District Council and Essex County Council

3.1 Criteria

1. Physical Limitations 2. Impacts 3. Environment / Amenity 4. Transport Introduction There are physical limitations Development may have a Development may cause an There is very limited potential which may be difficult to detrimental and negative unacceptable impact upon to achieve integrated and A qualitative assessment of the options has been undertaken mitigate or will likely require impact upon areas of value and the occupiers of existing accessible sustainable transport systems. using selection criteria based upon Sustainability Objectives significant time and investment importance. properties and neighbouring areas / towns. for Colchester, Tendring and Braintree alongside TCPA to be overcome. Development would require There is potential to achieve Garden City Principles. This has not been informed by any integrated and accessible There are some physical mitigation in order to ensure its Development would require specific masterplanning exercise and instead the assessment sustainable transport systems, limitations which require impact on surrounding areas of mitigation to ensure an represents professional judgement only made in the context but this is likely to require mitigation in order to maximise value and importance is not at acceptable impact upon of a high level understanding of the information put forward by significant on and off site development potential the detriment to their current the occupiers of existing Lightwood Planning. status. properties and neighbouring investment. There are no or very limited areas / towns. There is existing access to physical limitations to Impacts on surrounding areas sustainable transport systems development. of value and importance would Development would likely have be limited and acceptable. an acceptable relationship or relative ease to establish on occupiers of existing an integrated and accessible properties and neighbouring transport system. areas / towns, and the impact may be positive.

Scale of Performance

More Less Positive Positive

38 AECOM Braintree District Council and Essex County Council North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree

5. Resilience 7. Employment 8. Mixed -Use 9. Environment Quality and 10. Developability & Development may have Opportunities Opportunities Sustainability Deliverability a detrimental impact on Development may not be There is limited opportunity to All or the majority of the All or the majority of the surrounding town centres, able to support enough, or is ensure the inclusion of cultural, There are identified constraints potential development area potential development area regeneration / development not located close enough to recreational and shopping that may limit the potential to is not currently available, nor is currently available or can priority areas or established existing centres, to secure a facilities in walkable, vibrant, incorporate areas of publicly will it become available within become available in time for institutions. wide range of local jobs on site sociable neighbourhoods. accessible open space, the emerging local plan period meaningful development to commence within the Development may impact on or in easy commuting distance There is potential to ensure allotments/food productions (to 2032). And/or some of the areas, biodiversity gains, emerging local plan period (to surrounding town centres, of new houses. the inclusion of cultural, land ownership is currently SUDs and / or implement unknown or fragmented, with 2032); initial analysis suggests regeneration / development It is likely to be possible to recreational and shopping zero carbon/energy positive no current knowledge of the development should be priority areas or established provide a wide range of jobs facilities in walkable, vibrant, technology. prospect of an appropriate capable of being commercially institutions, although this within the development, but sociable neighbourhoods. There are some constraints delivery mechanism being viable, and infrastructure impact could be mitigated. providing sustainable transport There are existing cultural, that may limit the potential to agreed that will enable a requirements and investments Development would likely access to local jobs in the wider recreational and shopping incorporate areas of publicly proportion of the land value are likely to be comparatively make a positive contribution area may be difficult. facilities within the site or in accessible open space, created to be used to fund lower. There is considered to surrounding town centres, It is likely to be possible to very close proximity which may allotments/food productions delivery of infrastructure, to be a good prospect of regeneration / development provide a wide range of jobs have a positive effect on the areas, biodiversity gains, community assets and long an appropriate delivery priority areas or established within the development, with development of community, SUDs and / or implement term stewardship needed for a mechanism being agreed that institutions. good sustainable transport with potential for new services zero carbon/energy positive garden community. will enable a proportion of the land value created to be used to potential to local jobs in the that will ensure high levels of technology. All or the majority of the fund delivery of infrastructure, wider area. sustainability. potential development area There are no constraints community assets and long is currently available or can that limit the potential to term stewardship needed for a become available in time for 6. Housing incorporate areas of publicly garden community. accessible open space, meaningful development There is limited potential to allotments/food productions to commence within the secure a provision of a mix of emerging local plan period areas, biodiversity gains, tenures and housing types (to 2032); initial analysis SUDs and / or implement suggests development The ability to secure a mixed zero carbon/energy positive should be capable of being tenure and housing type technology. And existing commercially viable, but development would likely landscape features exist which require significant grant infrastructure requirements may assist provision. funding / developer support and investments are likely to be comparatively high. There There is likely to be strong is considered to be a good potential to provide a mix of prospect of an appropriate housing types and tenure delivery mechanism being within the development. agreed that will enable a proportion of the land value created to be used to fund delivery of infrastructure, community assets and long term stewardship needed for a garden community.

AECOM 39 North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree Braintree District Council and Essex County Council

3.2 Review

More Less Positive Positive

Monks Wood

Comparative Observations

• Monks Wood is considered to have some form of physical limitation that would require mitigation. • The most significant limitations relate to: road access/junction capacity, surface water management, localised severance from transport infrastructure and existing hedgerows 1. Physical • The highway network is constrained and will require mitigation measures to ensure development can be accommodated Limitations • It is considered that all limitations are capable of mitigation, though extent and cost will vary. • Significant number of heritage assets to be considered within the red line boundary

• Agricultural Land Impact - Development will result in the loss of Grade 2 Agricultural Land, which Natural England classify as ‘Very Good’ and is considered to to be the best and most versatile farmland in England. Land in the far south-western corner is slightly poorer quality (Grade 3), but the majority is Grade 2. Development of this site will need to demonstrate the overriding housing need and other place-making advantages, together with confirming no alternative land is available, including brownfield which has less agricultural value. • Landscape / Townscape Merit - The site is largely open and managed farmland with the only adjoining settlement of Pattiswick which currently experiences an isolated setting. The larger settlement of Coggshall to the east and south of the A120 is also set within a broader setting and contained by existing landscape features. The site is raised farmland plateau with medium to large field patterns and mature hedgerows creating a 2. Impacts degree of enclosure which limits the occurrence of extensive / distant views. Within this there are a number of Grade 2 listed buildings with an agricultural significance. It is considered that development of this site could still respect the immediate setting of these buildings or otherwise successfully integrate then into the Garden Community. Therefore, while the landscape change will be significant the impact is likely to be acceptable overall, especially if the network of existing hedgerows and associated veteran trees can be retained. • Nature conservation interest - there is a large aspect of Ancient woodland to the north of the site and areas of National Forest predominantly towards to the south western corner. Although it should be possible to incorporate these areas into development proposals and the associated green infrastructure strategy, caution should be had in regard to existing habitats and wildlife .

• Settlement Coalescence – The A120 provides a physical barrier between the south eastern edge of the Monks Wood site and the village of Coggeshall with the closest built extent being approximately 200m. The A120 3. Environment / together with the agricultural fields located between Robins Brook (western edge of Coggeshall village) and the A120 provides a degree of separation. However, in the event that the Garden Community was developed, Amenity because of the presence of Ambridge Road, pressure to expand Coggeshall westwards might reasonably be expected. Under this scenario the risk of settlement coalescence would be much greater.

• The A120 between Braintree and Marks Tey, from which access to the Monks Wood site would be taken, is only single carriageway and has capacity constraints. It is therefore unlikely to be able to accommodate a development of the scale of the potential Garden Community, whether 5,000 new homes or higher. • Active Modes - Site topography is flat or gently sloping and lends itself well to promoting cycling and walking, and the development of an effective network throughout the site. Connectivity across the A120 would potentially be an important element to consider if conectivity with the amenities of Coggeshall was considered important. • Public Transport -Adjacency and direct access of the site to A120 is advantageous in terms of connecting the site with North Essex inter-urban bus routes, providing connectivity with Stansted Airport in the west and Colchester in the east. 4. Transport • The opportunity to achieve a development of significant scale with population critical mass may rely on a system with greater connectivity and speed such as a form of BRT, without this inter-urban/inter-regional public transport system, the risk exists that the majority of journeys external and internal to the site would likely be car based in this area. This is further emphasised by the location of Kelvedon station, some 4km south of the site and linked by the B1024, which in its current state is not appropriate to accommodate nor should be promoted to provide a connection via private car to the station. With major upgrade, this road in theory could accommodate a bus link; however the benefit of connection to the stopping services towards London and Ipswich on the GEML would require further assessment. • Essex County Council is currently consulting on options for upgrading the A120 including its potential realignment in the vicinity of the Monks Wood site. The impact of these options for a new garden community in this location has not been assessed, but each road option is likely to have both pros and cons for the development, which would need to be identified and taken account of.

40 AECOM Braintree District Council and Essex County Council North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree

More Positive

Monks Wood

Comparative Observations

• Resilient Town Centres - The site is located approximately 1.5km from the village centre of Coggeshall, 5km to the east of Braintree Town Centre and approximately 13km west of Colchester. A development on the scale of the Garden Community could have the potential, if not appropriately planned and managed, to develop as a competitor location, especially with respect to Coggeshall and Braintree Town Centre, further impacting on its resilience. It would therefore be important for the Garden Community to develop an economic strategy that compliments Braintree Town Centre and Braintree Freeport, and which would not harm the economic viability of the existing and largely small scale independent retail/food/beverage traders of Coggeshall. Equally however, the Garden Community itself must avoid becoming a dormitory residential suburb.This 5. Resilience will be a challenge and key requirements will likely be: provision of mixed retail, with a particular focus on convenience and associated A2/A3 uses incremental to housing growth, limited comparison retail, sustainable transport connectivity with Braintree Town Centre and Braintree Freeport, no large single town centre, a focus on B1 and SME employment space, and the identification of other niche uses that help create vibrancy and a sense of community.

6. Housing • Nothing within the location or character of this option in itself would likely compromise the ability to achieve a mix of housing type, tenure and affordability.

• Access to local employment – This location is considered to have good access to local jobs, for example Braintree, Braintree Freeport and Colchester, with proximity to the A120 and A12 likely to give the site itself some potential for new employment space. The Great Eastern Main Line railway with direct connectivity to London can also be accessed from stations located at Marks Tey (c.9 km east), Kelvedon (c. 4km south) and 7. Employment Witham (c. 12km), but the challenge will be to ensure that that they can be reached by modes of travel other than the car. Because the site sits on the alignment of the existing A120, this is more likely to be achieved by Opportunities promoting high frequency public transit connectivity between it and Marks Tey railway station. In comparison both Kelvedon and Witham stations can only be accessed by B-classified roads. Additionally, because the site is on the east side of Braintree, it is further from Stanstead airport, the M11 London-Stanstead-Cambridge Corridor and Chemsford, which are locations employment growth is forecast.

• Achieving Mixed Uses - The scale of the population potential of this option is sufficient in theory to create the conditions needed to generate the demand for and make viable a mix of uses throughout the development. However, there are few existing uses or pockets of population/community within the site that could be used as the basis on which to initially centre and develop an early phase mixed use opportunity, which may help to achieve initial critical mass within the overall development. As such securing genuine mixed use communities, and the benefits that are derived from this, is unlikely to be an early achievement of this option unless 8. Mixed-Use annual housing completion rates are far higher than standard developer models would ordinarily deliver. Furthermore, without provision of a BRT form of infrastructure, the opportunity and ease with which residents of the settlement would visit local centres such as Braintree Freeport by car will be high. Opportunities • Employment Land Type - The identified employment land/space requirement of the area is predominantly B1 (office), together with flexible space for the start-up and development of SMEs. This land use can more readily be located alongside and interwoven with other uses, including residential, retail, culture and recreation to create, over time, a genuine mix of uses within walkable, vibrant and sociable neighbourhoods. B2/B8 space could be accommodated to the south and aligned to the key A120 distribution corridor.

• Monks Wood is at a scale that it is possible to incorporate strong levels of open space provision. 9. Environment • Existing natural landscape features, which would form the initial structuring elements of green infrastructure/green grid, are present within the site. Quality and • The site is predominantly located on intensively farmed agricultural land, with potential biodiversity gains possible from development. Sustainability • Risk of flooding is limited, focused mostly around existing highways.

• Land - As greenfield agricultural land with direct access from the A120 via its development could be commenced relatively quickly and within 6-10 years, following receipt of planning permission. Developability of this site is also assisted by being in single ownership and is being promoted in its totality for development by a single promoter. However, the extent of first phase development could be constrained by the need to invest 10. heavily in utility infrastructure; which consistent with the site’s rural location is currently very limited in terms of physical networks and capacity. Developability • Landowner / Developer Negotiations - It is understood that it should be possible to achieve an appropriate delivery mechanism for this site that will enable a proportion of the land value created to be used to fund delivery of infrastructure, community assets and long term stewardship needed for a Garden Community.

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Contact Jason Stratton Associate Director T 020 3009 2286 E [email protected]

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