Braintree District Ward Profiles Bocking North Ward Revised May 2021

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Braintree District Ward Profiles Bocking North Ward Revised May 2021 Braintree District Ward Profiles Bocking North Ward Revised May 2021 1 2 Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4 About Bocking North Ward ............................................................................................................................................... 5 Local Governance .............................................................................................................................................................. 5 Community Facilities ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Major Businesses, Industrial Estates & Commercial Developments ................................................................................ 5 Development Sites ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 People ............................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Population ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Age ................................................................................................................................................................................ 7 Health ............................................................................................................................................................................ 8 Limiting long-term illness .......................................................................................................................................... 8 Level of unpaid care provided ................................................................................................................................... 8 Life Expectancy .......................................................................................................................................................... 9 Highest level of qualification......................................................................................................................................... 9 Ethnicity ...................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Religion........................................................................................................................................................................ 11 Household composition .............................................................................................................................................. 11 Place ................................................................................................................................................................................ 12 Housing tenure ............................................................................................................................................................ 12 Household size ............................................................................................................................................................ 13 Social housing stock .................................................................................................................................................... 13 Car & van ownership ................................................................................................................................................... 14 Prosperity ........................................................................................................................................................................ 14 Economic activity ........................................................................................................................................................ 14 Employment type ........................................................................................................................................................ 15 Employment sectors ................................................................................................................................................... 15 3 Braintree District Ward Profiles Snapshot: February 2019 Bocking North Ward Introduction This profile explores the demographic, social and economic characteristics of Bocking North Ward and is largely based on data drawn from the 2011 Census. This profile is a snapshot, and is intended to support an understanding of Braintree District’s Ward characteristics. These ward profiles represent the new ward boundaries introduced in the Braintree District by the Electoral Commission from May 2015. This has meant that it has not been possible to directly source data from the 2011 Census for these new Wards, as they didn’t exist when the Census was completed. Data for the rural Wards has been produced by adding up the Census data at a Parish level to make up the new Ward areas. 4 For the urban Wards, data has been used from Community Insight reports provided by Greenfields. This was necessary as the urban Wards are not made up of Parishes, meaning Census Parish data couldn’t simply be added together to find the figures for these new areas. A comparison with the 2001 Census data has also not been possible for these urban areas. If you have any questions regarding the content of this document please contact Tracey Headford in the Business Improvement Team at the below email address. [email protected] About Bocking North Ward Bocking North Ward is a predominantly urban Ward located in the south of the Braintree District within the town of Braintree & Bocking. Following the Ward boundary changes, Bocking North Ward was expanded in size to now include the High Garrett area within its boundary. Local Governance Braintree & Bocking does not have a town or parish council. For contact details for other parish or town councils in the district please follow the below link: http://braintree.cmis.uk.com/braintree/ParishandTownCouncils.aspx Bocking North Ward is currently served by the following Braintree District Councillors, David Mann and Tony Everard. To find your District Councillor’s contact details please use the below link. https://braintree.cmis.uk.com/braintree/Councillors/tabid/63/ScreenMode/Party/Default.aspx Bocking North Ward is covered by the Bocking County Electoral Division and the County Councillor serving this division is Lynette Bowers-Flint. To find your County Councillor’s contact details please use the below link. https://cmis.essex.gov.uk/essexcmis5/Councillors.aspx The UK Parliament Constituency that covers the Bocking North Ward area is the Braintree County Constituency; the MP responsible for this constituency is James Cleverly. To find your MP’s contact details please use the below link: https://www.writetothem.com Community Facilities For information on facilities and schools within the Ward, please follow the below link and enter the postcode for the area you wish to investigate. https://apps.esriuk.com/app/MyNearest/18/view/f1240506ad064aea8b7f5c8519d79b39/index.html Major Businesses, Industrial Estates & Commercial Developments For information on businesses in the Ward please contact the Economic Development Team at the below email address: [email protected] 5 Development Sites The Braintree Development Plan sets out what, where, when, and how development will be managed in the District. Whilst the National Planning Policy Framework July 2018 (NPPF) sets out the presumption in favour of sustainable development, planning law requires that applications for planning permission must be determined in accordance with the development plan unless material considerations indicate otherwise. The NPPF does not change the statutory status of the development plan as the starting point for decision making. The current adopted Braintree District Development Plan is made up of a number of documents, including the Local Plan Review 2005 and the Core Strategy 2011. See: https://www.braintree.gov.uk/info/200230/planning_policy/712/braintree_district_development_plan for further details. The Local Plan Review is available to view as an interactive document at: http://www.planvu.co.uk/bdc/plan_index.htm The relevant maps show the allocations for homes, employment, open space and other designations. Inset maps can be found for each town or village with a defined development boundary, within which development is generally acceptable subject to the policies in the Plan. Areas outside of the development boundaries are classified as countryside where development is restricted to uses appropriate to the countryside. The Pre Submission Site Allocations & Development Management Plan as amended by Further Changes (ADMP) was adopted at Full Council on 15th September 2014, as a material consideration in accordance with the Interim Planning Policy Statement. The ADMP also includes a Proposals Map and Inset Maps. The non-strategic sites and policies which are contained in the Pre Submission ADMP will be carried over into the new Local Plan unless new evidence or further changes in government
Recommended publications
  • Draft Site Allocations & Development Management Plan
    Braintree District Council Draft Site Allocations and Development Management Policies Plan Sustainability Appraisal and Strategic Environmental Assessment Environmental Report – Non Technical Summary January 2013 Environmental Report Non-Technical Summary January 2013 Place Services at Essex County Council Environmental Report Non-Technical Summary January 2013 Contents 1 Introduction and Methodology ........................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 The Draft Site Allocations and Development Management Plan ........................................ 1 1.3 Sustainability Appraisal and Strategic Environmental Assessment .................................... 1 1.4 Progress to Date ................................................................................................................. 2 1.5 Methodology........................................................................................................................ 3 1.6 The Aim and Structure of this Report .................................................................................. 3 2 Sustainability Context, Baseline and Objectives.............................................................. 4 2.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Plans & Programmes .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Executive Summary
    Braintree District Council April 2010 2010 Air Quality Progress Report for Braintree District Council In fulfillment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management Date: April 2010 Progress Report i Date : April 2010 Braintree District Council - England Local Pam Sharp Authority Officer Department Environmental Health Dept Address Braintree District Council Causeway House Bocking End Braintree CM7 9HB Telephone 01376 551414 e-mail [email protected] Report BRA/PR2010 Reference Final Copy 01/Mar 29 number Date March 29th 2010 Report written by: Paul Hinsley Environment, Strategy and Highways Essex County Council County Hall Chelmsford Essex CM1 1QH On behalf of the : Essex Air Quality Consortium Monitoring Network. ii Progress Report Braintree District Council April 2010 Executive Summary This 2010 Progress Report of 2009 monitoring data showes that two exceedence of the NO2 annual mean objective level have been measured in 2009 at the Hatfield Peverel NO2 diffusion tube site situated next to the A12 and Chipping Hill in Witham. The data for Chipping Hill has been annualised to allow for the low data capture at this site There are no diffusion tube sites with annual mean NO2 concentrations in excess of 60 g/m3 in Braintree and it was considered unlikely that there will be any exceedences of the hourly NO2 objective. Pam I will leave it up to you to add words detailing what you want to do. Progress Report iii Date : April 2010 Braintree District Council - England Table of contents 1 Introduction 6 1.1 Description
    [Show full text]
  • North Essex Garden Communities Monks Wood
    EB/010 NORTH ESSEX GARDEN COMMUNITIES EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES: MONKS WOOD, BRAINTREE May 2017 North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree Braintree District Council and Essex County Council NORTH ESSEX GARDEN COMMUNITIES EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES: MONKS WOOD Quality information Document name Prepared for Prepared by Date Reviewed by Evaluation of CBC, TDC, BDC, ECC AECOM February 2017 JS / BC Alternatives: Monks Wood Revision history Revision Revision date Authorised Position Draft 1 April 2017 JS / BC Project Manager / Project Director Final May 2017 JS/BC Project Manager / Project Director This document has been prepared by AECOM Limited for the sole use of our client (the “Client”) and in accordance with generally accepted consultancy principles, the budget for fees and the terms of reference agreed between AECOM Limited and the Client. Any information provided by third parties and referred to herein has not been checked or verified by AECOM Limited, unless otherwise expressly stated in the document. No third party may rely upon this document without the prior and express written agreement of AECOM Limited. 2 AECOM Braintree District Council and Essex County Council North Essex Garden Communities Concept Feasibility Study - Monks Wood, Braintree Section 1.0 Section 2.0 Section 3.0 Introduction Monks Wood, Review Against the Braintree North Essex Garden Communities Charter 1.1 Introduction 2.1 Site Overview and 3.1 Criteria Landuse 3.2 Review 2.2 Call for Sites 2.3 Land Promoters and Development
    [Show full text]
  • Publication Draft Local Plan
    PUBLICATION DRAFT LOCAL PLAN Local Plan Sub Committee16th May 2017 Section 2 1 Index of Policies 8 2 Introduction 14 3 District Profile 20 4 Vision & Objectives 24 5 The Spatial Strategy 28 6 A Prosperous District 36 A Strong Economy 36 Employment Policy Areas 40 Business Parks 44 Design and Layout of Employment Policy Areas and Business Parks 45 Rural Enterprise 46 Tourism 47 Shops and Services 50 Primary Shopping Areas 52 District and Local Centres 53 Out of Town Retailing 55 Retail Allocations 56 Homes 57 Housing Allocations 57 Affordable Housing 75 Affordable Housing In Rural Areas 76 Specialist Housing and Care Homes 77 Gypsy and Traveller and Travelling Showpersons Accommodation 80 Housing Mix and Density 83 Extensions, Alterations and Outbuildings 84 Replacement Dwellings in the Countryside 86 Rural Workers Dwellings 87 Hamlets 89 Conversion of Buildings in the Countryside 91 | Publication Draft Local Plan 8th May 2017 Garden Extensions 91 Transport & Infrastructure 93 Sustainable Transport 93 Parking Provision 96 Protected Lanes 97 Transport Related Road Areas 98 New Road Infrastructure 99 Broadband 101 7 Creating Better Places 104 A Healthy and Active District 105 Creating High Quality Spaces 112 Conservation Areas 114 Heritage Assets 117 Demolition of Listed Buildings or Structures 119 Enabling Development 119 Sites of Archaeological Importance 120 Community Facilities 122 8 The District's Natural Environment 128 Biodiversity, Landscape Character and Agriculture 129 Land, Water and Air Quality 139 Climate Change & Energy 141
    [Show full text]
  • A131 Braintree to Sudbury RBS Business Case
    Capital Project Business Case A131 Braintree to Sudbury Route Based Strategy The template This document provides the business case template for projects seeking funding which is made available through the South East Local Enterprise Partnership. It is therefore designed to satisfy all SELEP governance processes, approvals by the Strategic Board, the Accountability Board and also the early requirements of the Independent Technical Evaluation process where applied. It is also designed to be applicable across all funding streams made available by Government through SELEP. It should be filled in by the scheme promoter – defined as the final beneficiary of funding. In most cases, this is the local authority; but in some cases the local authority acts as Accountable Body for a private sector final beneficiary. In those circumstances, the private sector beneficiary would complete this application and the SELEP team would be on hand, with local partners in the federated boards, to support the promoter. Please note that this template should be completed in accordance with the guidelines laid down in the HM Treasury’s Green Book. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-green-book- appraisal-and-evaluation-in-central-governent As described below, there are likely to be two phases of completion of this template. The first, an ‘outline business case’ stage, should see the promoter include as much information as would be appropriate for submission though SELEP to Government calls for projects where the amount awarded to the project is not yet known. If successful, the second stage of filling this template in would be informed by clarity around funding and would therefore require a fully completed business case, inclusive of the economic appraisal which is sought below.
    [Show full text]
  • Consultation Draft Local Plan Housing Trajectory
    Consultation Draft Local Plan Housing Trajectory Forecast 5 Total LDF allocation site OS Grid OS Grid Planning year Identified reference/ Planning Ref Ref Parish Ward Name and address of site 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2023/24 2024/25 2025/26 2026/27 2027/28 2028/29 2029/30 2030/31 2031/32 2032/33 Notes Status supply Supply application reference Easting Northing 2017-2022 2017-2033 Under construction BTE/11/1728 New build part of larger development; conversion 576058 223990 Full Braintree (unparished) Bocking Blackwater The Kings Head Inn 52 Bradford Street 4 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 BTE/14/0777 part is completed. Planning application for 12 dwellings (net 11); 157 Coggeshall Road and land to rear (Ushers BOB239 BTE/16/0315 576609 223374 Full Braintree (unparished) Bocking Blackwater 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 demolition took place July 2016; new homes now Meadow) under construction. BOB 38H BTE/15/0903 575921 223287 Full Braintree (unparished) Bocking Blackwater Former Health Clinic site Coggeshall Road 14 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 BTE/05/2192 577646 226831 Full High Garrett Bocking North Land adj 15 Sunnyfields Road 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 BTE/14/1624 576333 224616 Full Braintree (unparished) Bocking North Land adj 15 Highfield Close 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 BTE/15/0901 577390 226572 Full Braintree (unparished) Bocking North Land between 90 and 92 High Garrett 8 0 2 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 Plots 1, 2, 3 and 4 under construction BTE/16/0337 577684 226227
    [Show full text]
  • 5 Bedroom Mid-Victorian House with Outbuildings in C 2.6 Acres
    5 bedroom mid-Victorian house with outbuildings in c 2.6 acres Foley Lodge, High Garrett, Braintree, Essex, CM7 Guide £850,000 Freehold Video tour available • About 2.6 acres • Outbuildings • Convenient setting close to Gosfield School • Excellent potential Local Information five first floor bedrooms with en Braintree: 3.5 miles; Halstead: 3.7 suite facilities to the principal miles; Chelmsford: 16.1 miles; bedroom and a separate family Stansted Airport: 20 miles bathroom accessed from a central landing. To the ground floor there The property fronts the road and are three receptions rooms is located on the junction of including a comfortable dual- Halstead Road and Braintree aspect sitting room with a bay Road within the hamlet of High window which is replicated in the Garrett, near Bocking. High dining room. To the rear of the Garrett is located to the northern house is the kitchen/breakfast side of Braintree town and within room providing rear external close proximity of Halstead. access and fitted with a collection of light-coloured units and work Halstead has a variety of shops surfaces. Beyond the kitchen is a and schools and there is a larger utility room and further storage shopping centre with major room. supermarkets at Braintree. There are two private schools at Externally there is a single Gosfield. For the commuter there outbuilding separated into two is a branch line station at rooms and a double garage which Braintree and a mainline train offer excellent potential to create station at Witham to London supplementary accommodation. Liverpool Street, and there are access points to the A12 at Outside Witham and the M11 at Bishop’s The property is approached over Stortford.
    [Show full text]
  • Planning Committee Agenda
    PLANNING COMMITTEE AGENDA Tuesday, 03 March 2020 at 7:15pm Council Chamber, Braintree District Council, Causeway House, Bocking End, Braintree, CM7 9HB THIS MEETING IS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC (Please note this meeting will be webcast and audio recorded) www.braintree.gov.uk Members of the Planning Committee are requested to attend this meeting to transact the business set out in the Agenda. Membership:- Councillor J Abbott Councillor Mrs I Parker (Vice Chairman) Councillor K Bowers Councillor F Ricci Councillor T Cunningham Councillor Mrs W Scattergood (Chairman) Councillor P Horner Councillor Mrs G Spray Councillor H Johnson Councillor N Unsworth Councillor D Mann Councillor J Wrench Councillor A Munday Members unable to attend the meeting are requested to forward their apologies for absence to the Governance and Members Team on 01376 552525 or email [email protected] by 3pm on the day of the meeting. A WRIGHT Chief Executive Page 1 of 156 Chief Executive INFORMATION FOR MEMBERS - DECLARATIONS OF INTERESTS Declarations of Disclosable Pecuniary Interest (DPI), Other Pecuniary Interest (OPI) or Non- Pecuniary Interest (NPI) Any member with a DPI, OPI or NPI must declare the nature of their interest in accordance with the Code of Conduct. Members must not participate in any discussion of the matter in which they have declared a DPI or OPI or participate in any vote, or further vote, taken on the matter at the meeting. In addition, the Member must withdraw from the Chamber where the meeting considering the business is being held unless the Member has received a dispensation from the Monitoring Officer.
    [Show full text]
  • Planning Statement
    Planning Statement Construction of 4 no. new dwellings, new dedicated access from Gosfield Road and associated development Land north of no 17 Gosfield Road, High Garrett, Braintree, Essex On behalf of Pyrmont Homes February 2021 Our ref: C20020 270 Avenue West | Skyline 120 | Great Notley | Braintree | Essex | CM77 7AA | 01376 329059 | www.phase2planning.co.uk Quality Assurance Site Name: Land north of no. 17 Gosfield Road, High Garrett, Braintree, Essex Client Name: Pyrmont Homes Type of Report: Planning Statement Author Initials Date Matthew Wood BSc (Hons) MScTP MRTPI MW 5th February 2021 Associate Director Reviewed Initials Date Michael Calder BSc (Hons) DipTP MRTPI MC 5th February 2021 Director © Phase 2 Planning and Development Ltd 2019 Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Site and Surroundings ..................................................................................................................... 2 3. Planning History .............................................................................................................................. 3 4. The Proposed Development ........................................................................................................... 4 5. Planning Policy ................................................................................................................................ 5 6. Consideration of the Main Issues ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Braintree, Brentwood, Chelmsford, Maldon and Uttlesford Landscape Character Assessments
    BRAINTREE, BRENTWOOD, CHELMSFORD, MALDON AND UTTLESFORD LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENTS September 2006 CHRIS BLANDFORD ASSOCIATES Environment Landscape Planning CONTENTS Preface Executive Summary 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background and Study Area 1.2 Study Aims and Objectives 1.3 The Importance of Landscape Character 1.4 Planning Policy Framework 1.5 Approach and Methodology 1.6 Structure of the Report 2.0 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY AREA 2.1 General 2.2 Physical Influences on the Shaping of the Landscape 2.3 Historical Influences on the Landscape 2.4 Key Forces for Change in the Landscape 2.5 Landscape Character in The Study Area – An Overview 3.0 LANDSCAPE CHARACTER OF BRAINTREE DISTRICT 3.1 General 3.2 River Valley Landscapes 3.3 Farmland Plateau Landscapes 3.4 Wooded Farmland Landscapes 4.0 LANDSCAPE CHARACTER OF BRENTWOOD BOROUGH 4.1 General 4.2 River Valley Landscapes 4.3 Wooded Farmland Landscapes 4.4 Fenland Landscapes 5.0 LANDSCAPE CHARACTER OF CHELMSFORD BOROUGH 5.1 General 5.2 River Valley Landscapes 5.3 Farmland Plateau Landscapes 5.4 Drained Estuarine Marsh Landscapes 5.5 Wooded Farmland Landscapes 6.0 LANDSCAPE CHARACTER OF MALDON DISTRICT 6.1 General 6.2 River Valley Landscapes 6.3 Farmland Plateau Landscapes 6.4 Estuarine Marsh/Mudflat Landscapes 6.5 Drained Estuarine Marsh Landscapes 6.6 Coastal Farmland Landscapes 6.7 Wooded Farmland Landscapes 7.0 LANDSCAPE CHARACTER OF UTTLESFORD DISTRICT 7.1 General 7.2 River Valley Landscapes 7.3 Farmland Plateau Landscapes 7.4 Chalk Upland Landscapes 11100101R Final LCAs_09-06 Contents 8.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 8.1 General 8.2 Key Applications of the Landscape Character Assessments 8.3 Incorporating Landscape Character into Local Development Frameworks 8.4 Monitoring Landscape Change 8.5 Enhancing the Character Evidence Base APPENDICES A.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Document
    TPO LOCATION LIST LOCATION ADDRESS TPO No Numerical//Year Number Alphamstone None Ashen In Upper Farm Road, opposite Barclays 3/97 6 Foxes Road, Ashen REVOKED 6/07 Eastside of Asher Close, Ashen 1/05 Bardfield Saling Stuckley’s 10/81 “Pump Cottage” Crows Green 55/00 Beazley End Codham, Little Park Drive 11/89 ‘High View’ Little Codham Park Drive 12/97 Little Codham Park 12A/97 Silver Springs 7/02 Belchamp Otten Marshy & Twelve Acre Wood ECC 19/49 REVOKED Fowes Lane 12/84 Adjacent to the Old Rectory 14/99 Northern boundary of the Old Rectory 44/01 Belchamp St Paul “Gages” 8a/77 Walnut Tree Garage, Gages Road 7/94 The Vicarage 10/83 Walnut Tree Garage, Gages Road 7/94 Old Pastures, Knowl Green 6/95 Twelve Acre Wood 3/09 Marshey Wood 5/09 Belchamp Walter None Birdbrook Wixhoe Mill, Baythorne End 32/72 REVOKED Blackmore End Blackmore End 3/78 September Cottage, Toppesfield Road 4/81 Oak Hill (Wethersfield) 7/85 Rosemary Cottage and Lower Green Road 9/89 St Mary’s Church 09/12 Black Notley Buck Farm, Buck Hill, Black Notley 4/04 The Rectory, 71 Witham Rd, Black Notley 4/08 Black Notley Hospital Site 3/93 Black Notley Hospital Site 5/96 To the West and South of the ford Bulford Lane 3/00 230 Witham Road 26/88 Alwynn 265 London Road 40/09 Land rear of Whitegates 227 London Road 39/10 269 London Road, 42/10 Carpark opposite The Reindeer PH & Tarecroft 96 The Street 28/11 Land adj Oatlands, Ludham Hall Lane, Black Notley 30/11 Outside 234 Witham Road TEMPORARY 08/2018 Bocking Land West of Bradford Street 17/76 Alcotes Broad 9A/88 Thirstley Green
    [Show full text]
  • Braintree, Essex Description of 125 000
    INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES Mineral Assessment Report 16 Natural Environment Research Council The sand and gravel resources of the country TL 83 around Braintree, Essex Description of 125 000 I TL 82 resource sheetTL72 M. R. Clarke, BSc and J. D. Ambrose, BSc London Her Majesty’s Stationery Office 1975 The Institute of Geological Sciences was formed by the incorporation of the Geological Survey of Great Britain and the Museum of Practical Geology with Overseas Geological Surveys and is a constituent body of the Natural Environment Research Council. 0 Crown copyright 1975 Thefirst twelue reportson the assessment of British sandand grauel resources appeared in theReport Series of the Znstitute of Geological Sciences as a subseries. Report No. 13 onward will appear in the Mineral Assessment Report Series of the Institute. Details of published reports appear at the end of this report. It is recommended that reference to this report be made in the following form: CLARKE,M. R. and AMBROSE,J. D. 1975. The sand and gravel resources of the country around Braintree, Essex: Description of 1:25 000 resource sheet TL 72. Miner. Assess. Rep. Znst. Geol. Sci., No. 16, 11 1 pp. ISBN 0 11 880747 1 ii PREFACE National resources of many industrial minerals may seem so large that stocktaking appears unnecessary, but the demand for minerals and for land for all purposes is intensifying and it has become increasingly clear in recent years that regional assessments of the resources of these minerals should be undertaken. The publication of information about the quantity and quality of deposits over large areasis intended to provide a comprehensive factual background against which planning decisions can be made.
    [Show full text]