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Multi-Sectoral Needs Assessment Among Displaced and Host Populations in the Sahel and Centre-North Regions in Burkina Faso

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Multi-Sectoral Needs Assessment Among Displaced and Host Populations in the Sahel and Centre-North Regions in Burkina Faso Multi-Sectoral Needs assessment among displaced and host populations in the Sahel and Centre-North Regions in Burkina Faso. Burkina Faso, Sahel and Centre-North Regions – MSA Report – May 2019 1 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 5 1.1 CONTEXT 5 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE MULTI-SECTORIAL ASSESSMENT AND RAPID PROTECTION ASSESSMENT 6 1.3 METHODOLOGY 7 2. HOUSEHOLD DEMOGRAPHICS 11 2.1. GENERAL DEMOGRAPHICS 11 2.2. DISPLACEMENT SITUATION 11 3. WATER SANITATION AND HYGIENE 13 3.1. SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER 13 3.2. MAIN BARRIERS TO WATER ACCESS 13 3.3. DISTANCE AND TIME FOR WATER COLLECTION 14 3.4. HYGIENE AND SANITATION 14 4. NON-FOOD ITEMS AND SHELTERS 16 4.1. SHELTER AND CONDITIONS OF HOUSING 16 4.2. NON-FOOD ITEMS 16 5. LIVELIHOOD & MARKETS ASSESSMENT 17 5.1. SOURCES OF REVENUES 17 5.2. FOOD STOCKS 18 5.3. MARKET ACCESS 18 5.4. FOOD AVAILABILITY ON MARKETS 19 5.5. MAIN FOOD SOURCES ON MARKETS 19 5.6. SHORTAGE ON MARKETS 20 5.7. FOOD PRICES ON MARKETS 20 5.8. FOOD BASKET PRICES ON MARKETS 21 6. FOOD SECURITY 22 6.1. NUMBER OF MEALS 22 6.2. FOOD CONSUMPTION SCORE - FCS 23 6.3. HOUSEHOLD DIET DIVERSITY SCORE - HDDS 24 6.4. HOUSEHOLD HUNGER SCORE - HHS 24 6.5. REDUCED COPING STRATEGY INDEX - RCSI 25 7. PROTECTION 27 7.1. OVERVIEW 27 7.2. SECURITY AND COMMUNITY PROTECTION 27 7.3. SOCIAL COHESION 28 7.4. POPULATION MOVEMENTS 29 7.5. CHILD PROTECTION 30 7.6. GENDER BASED VIOLENCE 31 8. CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMANDATIONS 32 9. ANNEXES 35 Burkina Faso, Sahel and Centre-North Regions – MSA Report – May 2019 2 Table 1: IDP Figures per Communes .................................................................................................................. 7 Table 2 : Sampling of households surveyed ..................................................................................................... 8 Table 3: Household composition .................................................................................................................... 11 Table 4: Special Need Persons ......................................................................................................................... 11 Table 5 : IDP living situation ............................................................................................................................. 12 Table 6 : Sources of water for IDPs and residents ........................................................................................ 13 Table 7 : Main problem for water access ....................................................................................................... 13 Table 8 : Average travel time to water sources ............................................................................................ 14 Table 9 : Type of shelter ................................................................................................................................... 16 Table 10 : Average non food items ................................................................................................................. 16 Table 11 : Main sources of revenues .............................................................................................................. 17 Table 12 : Food Stocks ...................................................................................................................................... 18 Table 13 : Market Access .................................................................................................................................. 18 Table 14 : Type of sold food items on markets ............................................................................................. 19 Table 15 : Food Shortage ................................................................................................................................. 20 Table 16 : price of staple cereals (bag of 100kg) .......................................................................................... 21 Table 17 : Food basket for the assistance of IDPs and Host HH ................................................................. 21 Table 18 : Number of meals for adults ........................................................................................................... 22 Table 19 : Number of meals for children ....................................................................................................... 23 Figure 1: Communes surveyed ........................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 3 : Main Food sources on Markets ...................................................................................................... 20 Figure 4 : Food Consumption Score ............................................................................................................... 23 Figure 5 : Household Diet Diversity Score ..................................................................................................... 24 Figure 6 : Household Hunger Score ................................................................................................................ 25 Figure 7 : Reduced Coping Strategy Index .................................................................................................... 26 Burkina Faso, Sahel and Centre-North Regions – MSA Report – May 2019 3 CH Cadre Harmonisé CONASUR Conseil National de Secours d’Urgence et de Réhabilitation CVA Cash & Voucher Assistance DRC Danish Refugees Council FCS Food Consumption Score FGD Focus Group Discussion GBV Gender Based Violence HDDS Household Diet Diversity Score HHS Household Hunger Score IDP Internally Displaced People IPC Integrated Food Security Phase Classification KII Key Informant Interviews MSA Multi-sectoral Assessment OCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs PLW Pregnant and Lactating Women rCSI Reduced Coping Strategy Index SNP Special Need Person USAID United State Agency for International Development WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Burkina Faso, Sahel and Centre-North Regions – MSA Report – May 2019 4 1.1 Context Burkina Faso is facing a rapidly deteriorating security situation manifested by the increased activity of armed groups, as well as inter-ethnic and criminal violence, with a total of 230 attacks recorded in the country over the past 3 years1. Despite the on-going military operations of the G5 Sahel Joint Force deployed in November 2017, the State has not proven able to maintain proper presence in crisis- affected areas to ensure the safety of civilians. The first quarter of 2019 saw a particularly sharp increase in violence, with a record of 134 attacks and a total of 544 fatalities - an augmentation of 194% compared to the entire year of 20182. Risks to the population are highest in the Sahel Region of Burkina Faso, located along the borders with Northern Mali and Niger. This area has faced the most long-standing destabilization and threats linked to armed groups compared to other areas of the country and remains the epicenter of abuse and insecurity. In a recently released analysis commissioned by USAID, approximately 50% of the population across the four Sahel Region provinces of Oudalan, Seno, Soum, and Yagha reported feeling unsafe either going to the market, walking after dark, and/or sending their children to school3. Human Rights Watch has recorded alleged atrocities against local populations both by armed groups and security forces in 32 hamlets, villages, and towns of the Sahel Region from mid-2018 to February 2019, including the killing of at least 42 people; the pillaging of homes and livestock; the abduction and intimidation of local leaders; the destruction of schools; the exclusion of women from public and social life; and the shooting up of local businesses4. Further violence erupted in Arbinda town of the Sahel Region on March 31, 2019 when armed attackers killed a local leader and 6 members of his family, sparking intercommunal clashes and leading to the deaths of over 60 people5. Insecurity in the Sahel Region has led to waves of population displacement within the Sahel Region and to the neighbouring Centre-North Region. The people of the Sahel and Centre-North Regions are traumatized by brutal attacks and looming insecurity, and many have fled their homes in search of safety to other communities where basic services and resources are limited. April 2019 data from CONASUR reports at least 96,053 internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the Sahel Region and 33,869 IDPs in the Centre-North Region6. As of early May 2019, OCHA reported 564,000 individuals in the Sahel Region and 93,000 individuals in the Centre-North Region (IDP and host) in need of humanitarian assistance across sectors, including protection, education, shelter, food security, and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)7. The on-going escalation of conflict and insecurity indicates that humanitarian needs will continue to rise. At the same time, humanitarian access has become more challenging with further detailed and timely information on the humanitarian situation in affected areas needed. 1 Voice of America (April 2019), Terror Attacks on the Rise in Burkina Faso 2 ACLED data – update March 31st, 2019 3 ORB International (Jan. 2019) Mapping Violent Extremist Org. Influence in Liptako-Gourma Tr-State Region 4 Human Rights Watch (March 22, 2019), Atrocities by Armed Islamists and Security Forces in BF Sahel Region 5 OCHA (April 16, 2019) Burkina Faso: Armed attacks in Arbinda, Flash Update No. 2 6 Conseil Nationale de Secours d’Urgence et de Rehabilitation (CONASUR), April 13,
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