Aniba Rosaeodora Ducke): Alometria, Manejo E Produção De Óleo Essencial Na Amazônia Central

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Aniba Rosaeodora Ducke): Alometria, Manejo E Produção De Óleo Essencial Na Amazônia Central INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA – INPA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS DE FLORESTAS TROPICAIS Silvicultura de pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke): Alometria, manejo e produção de óleo essencial na Amazônia Central PEDRO MEDRADO KRAINOVIC Manaus, Amazonas Maio, 2017 PEDRO MEDRADO KRAINOVIC Silvicultura de pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke): Alometria, manejo e produção de óleo essencial na Amazônia Central ORIENTADOR: Dr. Paulo de Tarso Barbosa Sampaio Co-orientador: Dr. Valdir Florêncio da Veiga Junior Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências de Florestas Tropicais, do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências de Florestas Tropicais área de concentração em Silvicultura Tropical. Manaus, Amazonas Maio, 2017 ii Krainovic, Pedro Medrado Silvicultura de pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke): Alometria, manejo e produção de óleo essencial na Amazônia Central/ Pedro Medrado Krainovic. --- Manaus : [s.n.], 2017. Tese (doutorado) --- INPA, Manaus, 2017 Orientador : Paulo de Tarso Barbosa Sampaio Co-orientador : Valdir Florêncio da Veiga Junior Área de concentração : Ciências de Florestas Tropicais 1. Plantios florestais. 2. Conservação do pau-rosa. 3. Espécie ameaçada de extinção. 4. Manejo da biomassa aérea. 5. Alometria. 6. Exportação de nutrientes. 7. Óleo essencial. I. Título. iii Sinopse: Estudou-se a alometria das árvores, a prática de manejo da biomassa aérea e o óleo essencial proveniente de plantios comerciais de pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke), estabelecidos nos municípios de Maués e Novo Aripuanã, no Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Palavras-chave: Plantios florestais, Conservação do pau-rosa, Espécie ameaçada de extinção, Alometria, Manejo da biomassa aérea, tipos de colheita, Exportação de nutrientes, Óleo essencial. iv Dedico Ás pessoas mais importantes da minha vida, que, com todo esforço e dedicação, tornaram possível o desenvolviemento deste trabalho, meus pais Martinho e Ariadna, e ao meu irmão Ivo. v Agradecimentos À Deus por tudo o que está acontecendo em minha vida e por todos que fazem parte dela. A minha família: Meus pais, Martinho Krainovic e Ariadna Medrado Krainovic , e ao meu irmao Ivo Medrado Krainovic, por todo amor, sacrifício, esforço, dedicação e apoio, para me proporcionar sempre o melhor, em todos os momentos da minha. A minha companheira Angélica Faria de Resende pelo apoio pessoal e profissional além de toda amizade e companheirismo. Ao Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia (INPA) e a secretaria da Coordenação de Pesquisas em Silvicultura Tropical - CPST e à coordenação e professores do curso de Ciências de Florestas Tropicais - CFT pela oportunidade de complementar meus estudos Á Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Amazonas (FAPEAM), pela bolsa de estudos concedida. Ao Dr. Paulo de Tarso Barbosa Sampaio pela orientação, paciência e por proporcionar todo o apoio necessário para o desenvolvimento do projeto, tentando, sempre que possível, diminuir as dificuldades e superar os imprevistos encontrados durante a realização da pesquisa. Ao Dr. Valdir Florencio da Veiga Junior pela co-orientação, pelo apoio no laboratório de quimica de produtos naturais da UFAM, pelas revisões e contribuições na elaboração do trabalho. Ao Dr. Adrian Ashton Barnett, por ser sempre atencioso com as revisões de idioma, adicionando também sua importante contribuição por meio de críticas construtivas ao trabalho. vi À todos do Laboratório de Silvicultura e Tecnologias Digitais do INPA - LASTED - pela estrutura, apoio e momentos de descontração fundamentais para o desenvolvimento do trabalho. Ao Laboratório Temático de Solos e Plantas (LTSP), pela ajuda nas análises químicas, em especial à Laura, Gabriela, Roberta, Jonas e Edivaldo por todo apoio. À todos do laboratório de quimica de produtos naturais da UFAM, especialmente a Milena Campelo Freitas de Lima pela atenção e dedicação no decoerrer das atividades. Á Doutora Larissa Chevreuil pela ajuda nas análises de carbohidratos e açucares solúveis. Ao amigo e companheiro de trabalho Danilo Roberti Alves de Almeida pelas longas conversas científicas e pelo apoio no desenvolviemnto dos artigos. Ao colega Diego Desconci que contribuiu com ajuda de campo e análises laboratoriais. Aos Senhores Zanoni Magaldi, Carlos Magaldi, e Akira Tanaka pela disponibilização das áreas de estudo e apoio em campo. Assim como à todos os trabalhadores que ajudaram nas atividades de campo, sendo fundamentais para a realização das coletas. Ao amigo Jorge Luiz almeida Alves e ao professor Paulo Adelino de Medeiros do IFAM - Maués, pelo apoio logístico durante os trabalhos de campo em Maués. À todos que direta ou indiretamente, ao longo da vida, me ajudaram na consquista desse título. MUITO OBRIGADO. vii “Há homens que lutam um dia, e são bons; Há outros que lutam um ano, e são melhores; Há aqueles que lutam muitos anos, e são muito bons; Porém há os que lutam toda a vida Estes são os imprescindíveis.” Bertold Brecht viii Sumário LISTA DE TABELAS ......................................................................................................... XVI RESUMO GERAL .............................................................................................................. XIX GENERAL ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... XXI 1. INTRODUÇÃO GERAL ................................................................................................. 1 2. OBJETIVOS ..................................................................................................................... 7 2.1. Objetivo geral .............................................................................................................. 7 2.2. Objetivos específicos ..................................................................................................... 7 CAPÍTULO 1 ............................................................................................................................ 9 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 10 2. Materials and Methods ................................................................................................ 11 2.1. Descripions of study sites ....................................................................................................................... 11 2.2. Data collection and sampling ................................................................................................................. 12 2.3. Statistical models and analyses .............................................................................................................. 13 3. Results and discussion .................................................................................................... 15 3.1. Allometric models for volume estimation ................................................................................................ 15 3.2. Allometric models for estimating dry mass ............................................................................................. 16 3.3. Allometric models for fresh biomass ....................................................................................................... 17 4. Conclusions........................................................................................................................ 25 Appendix A ............................................................................................................................ 27 Appendix B ............................................................................................................................ 41 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 43 CAPÍTULO 2 .......................................................................................................................... 47 Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 48 ix Resumo .................................................................................................................................... 49 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 50 MATERIALS AND METHODS ........................................................................................... 52 Study sites descripions .................................................................................................................................. 52 Field sampling and laboratory methods ......................................................................................................... 54 Management of sprouted above-ground biomass ........................................................................................... 55 Statistical methods and data analysis ............................................................................................................. 56 RESULTS ................................................................................................................................ 57 Changes in nutritional status associated with the management of rosewood plantations................................. 57 Nutrient export during sequential management of rosewood plantations........................................................ 61 Rosewood shoots following
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