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Design and Fabrication of Repromaster Dyeing Machine

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Design and Fabrication of Repromaster Dyeing Machine ISSN (Online): 2455-3662 EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) - Peer Reviewed Journal Volume: 6 | Issue: 12 |December 2020 || Journal DOI: 10.36713/epra2013 || SJIF Impact Factor: 7.032 ||ISI Value: 1.188 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF REPROMASTER DYEING MACHINE Orelaja O. A1* Lasisi L. A2 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2 Department of Art and Industrial Design Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State. Abeokuta, Ogun State. Abiodun O. I3 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State. Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra5922 ABSTRACT Dyeing is a process of complete colouration of textiles, and this can be achieved by the type and the extent of pre- treatment imputed to produce an excellent absorbency and whiteness. Quality dyeing depends on factors such as pH, form of textile, type of fibre, formulation of dyeing recipe, initial preparation of dye solution, liquor mixture ratio, and selection of machinery mixing speed. This research work illustrates basic design and fabrication concepts of repromaster dyeing machine and also to achieve effective implementation of the ideal technology of dyeing. This machine was designed and fabricated to carry out textile dyeing for mass production. Although selection of machine depends on type of process to be carried out, which are batch, semi-continuous or continuous dyeing process. This repromaster dyeing is a continous process machine with an excellent dye output, it is faster, require less skill to operate and cost effective. This research work concept provides some firsthand information on some basic dyeing processes. KEYWORDS: Repromaster, machine, dyeing, working principle, continuous, fibre, colouration. 1.0 INTRODUCTION 19th century, humans have produced artificial dyes to Dyeing can be describe as the application achieve a wider range of colors and to render the of dyes or pigments on textile or fabric materials dyes more stable to washing and general domestic such as fibers, yarns, and fabrics with the aim of use. From history the earliest dyed flax fibers was achieving the desired color within a specified time. found in a prehistoric cave in the Republic of Dyeing is often done in a Georgia in the year 34,000 BC [1-2]. More evidence special solution containing dyes and particular of textile dyeing was dated far back to chemical material. Dye molecules are attracted to the the Neolithic period at the large Neolithic settlement fiber by absorption, diffusion, or bonding with of Çatalhöyük in southern Anatolia, where traces of temperature and time as controlling factors. Bond red dyes, possibly gotten from ocher which is an iron between dye molecule and fiber may be strong or oxide pigment obtained from muddy clay, were weak, depending on the type of dye used. Dyeing and found then [3]. According to scholars, in China, printing are different applications; in printing, color dyeing with plants, barks, and insects has been traced is applied to a localized or certain area with desired back to be more than 5,000 years [4]. It was initially patterns, while in dyeing, it is applied to the entire believe that dyeing comes from Sindh province textile. in Pakistan, where a piece of cotton dyed with a vegetable dye was recovered from the archaeological 1.1 LITERATURE REVIEW site at Mohenjo-Daro (3rd millennium The primary source of dye, historically, is BCE)[5]. Different classes of dyes are used for from animals or plants. As far back as the middle of different types of fiber and at different stages of the 2020 EPRA IJMR | www.eprajournals.com | Journal DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2013 226 ISSN (Online): 2455-3662 EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) - Peer Reviewed Journal Volume: 6 | Issue: 12 |December 2020 || Journal DOI: 10.36713/epra2013 || SJIF Impact Factor: 7.032 ||ISI Value: 1.188 textile production process, from loose fibers To produce a fabric dyeing machine with through yarn and cloth to complete garments. Acrylic optimum efficiency. fibers are dyed with basic dyes, while nylon and A machine that dye textile materials in a protein fibers such as wool and silk are dyed unique manner. with acid dyes, and polyester yarn is dyed To construct a textile dye machine with less with disperse dyes., while cotton is dyed with a range operational skill and minimal and of dye types, including vat dyes, and modern affordable cost. synthetic reactive and direct dyes. To produce a faster and durable textile Nigeria as a country is an extraordinary dyeing machine for small scale and medium social-engagement driven society with greater scale enterprises. percentage of the over 160 million people of her populace are fans of aso-ebifr one social event or the 1.3 SIGNIFICANCE AND BENEFITS other. However, while uniformity and consistency is a paramount factor in the choice of aso-ebimaterial, OF THE REPROMASTER DYEING “the third largestadire market in Africa” [6] lacks the MACHINE capacity to service the demand of her immediate The Adire and Kampala (Tie and dye) nation thereby the country’s spending on the business in Abeokuta Ogun state in Nigeria provides purchase of aso-ebiare taken abroad in exchange for substantial contribution to the economy in the form printed fabric, not without its attendant dwindling of income, employment generation and possibly effect on the nation’s gross domestic product (GDP). foreign exchange generation [8]. An innovation such On this note the necessity of a standard, uniformed as this designed and locally fabricated repromaster coloured textile cannot be over-emphasised been dyeing machine will expand the frontiers of conscious of the fact that the industry is well over production of such artistic pieces with greater three decades yet, it has compete with the present uniformity and consistent pattern making. Although, material being used aso-ebi. According to [7] who uneven uniformity has been a major hindrance to the asserted that the Nigerian textiles and Clothing use of adire as aso-ebiin in Nigeria where aso-ebi is Workers Union estimates 350,000 jobs have been lost always desirable for special occasions such as directly and 1.5 million indirectly over the last five wedding, birthday, anniversaries of associations etc years of Chinese competition. It must be a clarion which currently employs imported printed fabrics call for us that the continual survival and expansion thereby short-changing our indigenously produced of our technical and artistic heritage of the products fabrics. This machine will therefore serve as the of our dyed fabrics is necessary by making an needs of effective teaching and learning in academic excellent and affordable dyeing machine. In Nigeria, studios while creating frontiers for expanded Abeokuta is an age-long trade centre of tie-dye fabric production to the cottage textile outfits in Abeokuta, which has employed women for centuries coupled Ogun State and Nigeria at large. This is buttressed by with various stakeholders in the business and tourism the fact that there will be reduced cost of production sphere traversing the South-western State of Ogun’s as well as time saving and also increases production capital. Dyeing being an ancient art, it is often done volumes. manually giving results based on the dexterity of the artist and aesthetic application of colours, however 2.0 METHODOLOGY due to industrial revolution, development in textile The machine consists of a drum compartment dyeing which has given us varieties of artificial which houses a roller with four arms, as the roller is dyestuffs is neck-to-neck with the advancement in driven by the connected motor, it moves the fabric machinery use thereby meeting the growing demands through the injected hot dye solution from the dye of speed, volume and exactness of production, but solution compartment. Around the drum is a huge most of this equipments are expensive, making a perforated cylinder with four doors that lift out from most small scale and medium scale industries not to each arm while fabric materials are being loaded be able to afford this. inside and shuts water-tight while roller is moving the fabric through the dye solution. A timer circuit 1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH terminates the operation after the set time of the rolling action which is dependent on the WORK concentration of the dye solution and the type of To design and construct: fabric being processed. To fabricate a repromaster dyeing machine using locally sorted materials. 2020 EPRA IJMR | www.eprajournals.com | Journal DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2013 227 ISSN (Online): 2455-3662 EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) - Peer Reviewed Journal Volume: 6 | Issue: 12 |December 2020 || Journal DOI: 10.36713/epra2013 || SJIF Impact Factor: 7.032 ||ISI Value: 1.188 Figure 1: Process Diagram of Repromaster Dyeing Machine 2.1 SELECTION OF DYEING METHOD dye vessel chamber. The efficiency of the dyeing Dyeing can be performed in three ways: exhaust or process depend on the machine speed. batch, semi-continuous and continuous method. (1) Exhaust method is an optimum batch size is 2.3 THE REPROMASTER TEXTILE preferred as dyeing of several batches, may be in DYE MACHINE CONSTRUCTION same machine, results variation in shade and hue for PROCEDURE a given consignment. This method can be used for (1) SCRIBING: This involves marking out the any form of textile: fibre, yarn or fabric. provided materials to be fabricated into the required (2) Semi-continuous methods are used for dyeing specifications. of longer length which should have same hue and (2) CUTTING: This involving cutting either by shade throughout, examples of this is coarse fabrics, sawing or using grinder to chop off materials to the e.g. suiting, canvasses, etc. required specifications. There is no way fabrication (3) Continuous dyeing methods are to dye huge can be done without cutting either by sawing, length of fabric in a uniform shade without any grinding or use of gas to cut the metal to shapes and variation.
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