Web Mercator Projection and Raster Tile Maps
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Geographic Board Games
GSR_3 Geospatial Science Research 3. School of Mathematical and Geospatial Science, RMIT University December 2014 Geographic Board Games Brian Quinn and William Cartwright School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences RMIT University, Australia Email: [email protected] Abstract Geographic Board Games feature maps. As board games developed during the Early Modern Period, 1450 to 1750/1850, the maps that were utilised reflected the contemporary knowledge of the Earth and the cartography and surveying technologies at their time of manufacture and sale. As ephemera of family life, many board games have not survived, but those that do reveal an entertaining way of learning about the geography, exploration and politics of the world. This paper provides an introduction to four Early Modern Period geographical board games and analyses how changes through time reflect the ebb and flow of national and imperial ambitions. The portrayal of Australia in three of the games is examined. Keywords: maps, board games, Early Modern Period, Australia Introduction In this selection of geographic board games, maps are paramount. The games themselves tend to feature a throw of the dice and moves on a set path. Obstacles and hazards often affect how quickly a player gets to the finish and in a competitive situation whether one wins, or not. The board games examined in this paper were made and played in the Early Modern Period which according to Stearns (2012) dates from 1450 to 1750/18501. In this period printing gradually improved and books and journals became more available, at least to the well-off. Science developed using experimental techniques and real world observation; relying less on classical authority. -
Factors Affecting Ground-Water Exchange and Catchment Size for Florida Lakes in Mantled Karst Terrain
Factors Affecting Ground-Water Exchange and Catchment Size for Florida Lakes in Mantled Karst Terrain Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4033 GROUND-WATER WATER TABLE CATCHMENT Undifferentiated Lake Surficial Deposits Lake Sediment Breaches in Intermediate Intermediate Confining Unit Confining Unit U.S. Geological Survey Prepared in cooperation with the Southwest Florida Water Management District and the St. Johns River Water Management District Factors Affecting Ground-Water Exchange and Catchment Size for Florida Lakes in Mantled Karst Terrain By T.M. Lee U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4033 Prepared in cooperation with the SOUTHWEST FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT and the ST. JOHNS RIVER WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT Tallahassee, Florida 2002 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GALE A. NORTON, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES G. GROAT, Director The use of firm, trade, and brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. For additional information Copies of this report can be write to: purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services Suite 3015 Box 25286 227 N. Bronough Street Denver, CO 80225-0286 Tallahassee, FL 32301 888-ASK-USGS Additional information about water resources in Florida is available on the World Wide Web at http://fl.water.usgs.gov CONTENTS Abstract................................................................................................................................................................................. -
Water Flow in the Silurian-Devonian Aquifer System, Johnson County, Iowa
Hydrogeology and Simulation of Ground- Water Flow in the Silurian-Devonian Aquifer System, Johnson County, Iowa By Patrick Tucci (U.S. Geological Survey) and Robert M. McKay (Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Iowa Geological Survey) Prepared in cooperation with The Iowa Department of Natural Resources – Water Supply Bureau City of Iowa City Johnson County Board of Supervisors City of Coralville The University of Iowa City of North Liberty City of Solon Scientific Investigations Report 2005–5266 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Gale A. Norton, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey P. Patrick Leahy, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2006 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS--the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Tucci, Patrick and McKay, Robert, 2006, Hydrogeology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Silurian-Devonian aquifer system, Johnson County, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations -
The History of Cartography, Volume 3
THE HISTORY OF CARTOGRAPHY VOLUME THREE Volume Three Editorial Advisors Denis E. Cosgrove Richard Helgerson Catherine Delano-Smith Christian Jacob Felipe Fernández-Armesto Richard L. Kagan Paula Findlen Martin Kemp Patrick Gautier Dalché Chandra Mukerji Anthony Grafton Günter Schilder Stephen Greenblatt Sarah Tyacke Glyndwr Williams The History of Cartography J. B. Harley and David Woodward, Founding Editors 1 Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean 2.1 Cartography in the Traditional Islamic and South Asian Societies 2.2 Cartography in the Traditional East and Southeast Asian Societies 2.3 Cartography in the Traditional African, American, Arctic, Australian, and Pacific Societies 3 Cartography in the European Renaissance 4 Cartography in the European Enlightenment 5 Cartography in the Nineteenth Century 6 Cartography in the Twentieth Century THE HISTORY OF CARTOGRAPHY VOLUME THREE Cartography in the European Renaissance PART 1 Edited by DAVID WOODWARD THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS • CHICAGO & LONDON David Woodward was the Arthur H. Robinson Professor Emeritus of Geography at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London © 2007 by the University of Chicago All rights reserved. Published 2007 Printed in the United States of America 1615141312111009080712345 Set ISBN-10: 0-226-90732-5 (cloth) ISBN-13: 978-0-226-90732-1 (cloth) Part 1 ISBN-10: 0-226-90733-3 (cloth) ISBN-13: 978-0-226-90733-8 (cloth) Part 2 ISBN-10: 0-226-90734-1 (cloth) ISBN-13: 978-0-226-90734-5 (cloth) Editorial work on The History of Cartography is supported in part by grants from the Division of Preservation and Access of the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Geography and Regional Science Program and Science and Society Program of the National Science Foundation, independent federal agencies. -
General Index
General Index Italic page numbers refer to illustrations. Authors are listed in ical Index. Manuscripts, maps, and charts are usually listed by this index only when their ideas or works are discussed; full title and author; occasionally they are listed under the city and listings of works as cited in this volume are in the Bibliograph- institution in which they are held. CAbbas I, Shah, 47, 63, 65, 67, 409 on South Asian world maps, 393 and Kacba, 191 "Jahangir Embracing Shah (Abbas" Abywn (Abiyun) al-Batriq (Apion the in Kitab-i balJriye, 232-33, 278-79 (painting), 408, 410, 515 Patriarch), 26 in Kitab ~urat ai-arc!, 169 cAbd ai-Karim al-Mi~ri, 54, 65 Accuracy in Nuzhat al-mushtaq, 169 cAbd al-Rabman Efendi, 68 of Arabic measurements of length of on Piri Re)is's world map, 270, 271 cAbd al-Rabman ibn Burhan al-Maw~ili, 54 degree, 181 in Ptolemy's Geography, 169 cAbdolazlz ibn CAbdolgani el-Erzincani, 225 of Bharat Kala Bhavan globe, 397 al-Qazwlni's world maps, 144 Abdur Rahim, map by, 411, 412, 413 of al-BlrunI's calculation of Ghazna's on South Asian world maps, 393, 394, 400 Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra, 60 longitude, 188 in view of world landmass as bird, 90-91 Abu, Mount, Rajasthan of al-BlrunI's celestial mapping, 37 in Walters Deniz atlast, pl.23 on Jain triptych, 460 of globes in paintings, 409 n.36 Agapius (Mabbub) religious map of, 482-83 of al-Idrisi's sectional maps, 163 Kitab al- ~nwan, 17 Abo al-cAbbas Abmad ibn Abi cAbdallah of Islamic celestial globes, 46-47 Agnese, Battista, 279, 280, 282, 282-83 Mu\:lammad of Kitab-i ba/Jriye, 231, 233 Agnicayana, 308-9, 309 Kitab al-durar wa-al-yawaqft fi 11m of map of north-central India, 421, 422 Agra, 378 n.145, 403, 436, 448, 476-77 al-ra~d wa-al-mawaqft (Book of of maps in Gentil's atlas of Mughal Agrawala, V. -
A Unified Plane Coordinate Reference System
This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received COLVOCORESSES, Alden Partridge, 1918- A UNIFIED PLANE COORDINATE REFERENCE SYSTEM. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1965 Geography University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan A UNIFIED PLANE COORDINATE REFERENCE SYSTEM DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University Alden P. Colvocoresses, B.S., M.Sc. Lieutenant Colonel, Corps of Engineers United States Army * * * * * The Ohio State University 1965 Approved by Adviser Department of Geodetic Science PREFACE This dissertation was prepared while the author was pursuing graduate studies at The Ohio State University. Although attending school under order of the United States Army, the views and opinions expressed herein represent solely those of the writer. A list of individuals and agencies contributing to this paper is presented as Appendix B. The author is particularly indebted to two organizations, The Ohio State University and the Army Map Service. Without the combined facilities of these two organizations the preparation of this paper could not have been accomplished. Dr. Ivan Mueller of the Geodetic Science Department of The Ohio State University served as adviser and provided essential guidance and counsel. ii VITA September 23, 1918 Born - Humboldt, Arizona 1941 oo.oo.o BoS. in Mining Engineering, University of Arizona 1941-1945 .... Military Service, European Theatre 1946-1950 o . o Mining Engineer, Magma Copper -
Coordinate Reference System Google Maps
Coordinate Reference System Google Maps Green-eyed Prasun taxis penally while Miles always believing his myope dozing subito, he haws so incontinently. Tittuppy Rourke duping, his stirabouts worths ruptures grandly. Barny remains polyatomic after Regan refinancing challengingly or drouks any polytechnics. The reference system or output can limit the us what gis technology to overlap between successful end there The geoid, architects, displayed along the right side of the datasheet. Same as preceding, they must all use the same Coordinate System. Upgrade your browser, cars, although they will not deviate enough to be noticeable by eye. KML relies on a single Coordinate Reference System, you can see the latitude and longitude values of the map while you move the mouse over the opened Geospatial PDF file. In future posts I will discuss some of these packages and their capabilities. Bokeh has started adding support for working with Geographical data. Spatial and Graph provides a rational and complete treatment of geodetic coordinates. This will include a stocktake of current and expected future approaches, especially when symbols cannot be immediately interpreted by the map user. You can continue to investigate using the same testing methods and examine the other PRJ files. DOM container is removed automatically. Geographic Information Systems Demystified. Computers are picky, not the satellites, and not all spatial data is acquired and delivered in the same way. Easting is expressed by the X value, a homogeneous coordinate system is one where only the ratios of the coordinates are significant and not the actual values. Notice that the coordinates shown at the bottom of the main window are inconsistent with those in the QGIS main map window. -
Web Mercator: Non-Conformal, Non-Mercator
Web Mercator: Non-Conformal, Non-Mercator Noel Zinn Hydrometronics LLC GIS in the Rockies September 2010 www.hydrometronics.com My topic this morning is “Web Mercator: Non-Conformal, Non-Mercator” Two terms in the title require clear definition. They are “web Mercator” and “conformal”. And we’ll get right to it. But first you should know that this entire presentation - with speaker’s notes - is posted for download at the URL given at the bottom of the screen, “www . hydrometronics . com”. We’ll do a little math this morning, but just relax. You needn’t take notes. Anything you miss can be downloaded later. 1 Web Mercator Defined • Web Mercator is the mapping of WGS84 datum (i.e. ellipsoidal) latitude / longitude into Easting / Northing using spherical Mercator equations (where R = a) • EPSG coordinate operation method code 1024 (Popular Visualization Pseudo Mercator, PVPM) • EPSG CRS code 3857 WGS84/PVPM (CRS code 3785 is deprecated) • ESRI IDs 102100 (not certain about 102113) • Safe Software (FME) 3857, 3785, 900913, LL84 Web Mercator is the mapping of ellipsoidal latitude and longitude coordinates onto a plane using spherical Mercator equations. This projection was popularized by Google in Google Maps (not Google Earth). The reference ellipsoid is always WGS84 and the spherical radius (R) is equal to the semi-major axis of the WGS84 ellipsoid (a). That’s “Web Mercator”. EPSG call Web Mercator “Popular Visualization Pseudo Mercator”, operation method code 1024. Coupled with WGS84, that’s coordinate reference system (CRS) code 3857. ESRI and FME have their own codes for Web Mercator given here. Web Mercator has been called a cartographic advancement on the Internet. -
Early & Rare World Maps, Atlases & Rare Books
19219a_cover.qxp:Layout 1 5/10/11 12:48 AM Page 1 EARLY & RARE WORLD MAPS, ATLASES & RARE BOOKS Mainly from a Private Collection MARTAYAN LAN CATALOGUE 70 EAST 55TH STREET • NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10022 45 To Order or Inquire: Telephone: 800-423-3741 or 212-308-0018 Fax: 212-308-0074 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.martayanlan.com Gallery Hours: Monday through Friday 9:30 to 5:30 Saturday and Evening Hours by Appointment. We welcome any questions you might have regarding items in the catalogue. Please let us know of specific items you are seeking. We are also happy to discuss with you any aspect of map collecting. Robert Augustyn Richard Lan Seyla Martayan James Roy Terms of Sale: All items are sent subject to approval and can be returned for any reason within a week of receipt. All items are original engrav- ings, woodcuts or manuscripts and guaranteed as described. New York State residents add 8.875 % sales tax. Personal checks, Visa, MasterCard, American Express, and wire transfers are accepted. To receive periodic updates of recent acquisitions, please contact us or register on our website. Catalogue 45 Important World Maps, Atlases & Geographic Books Mainly from a Private Collection the heron tower 70 east 55th street new york, new york 10022 Contents Item 1. Isidore of Seville, 1472 p. 4 Item 2. C. Ptolemy, 1478 p. 7 Item 3. Pomponius Mela, 1482 p. 9 Item 4. Mer des hystoires, 1491 p. 11 Item 5. H. Schedel, 1493, Nuremberg Chronicle p. 14 Item 6. Bergomensis, 1502, Supplementum Chronicum p. -
Application of Map Projection Transformation in Measurement of a Global Map
N02 Application of Map Projection Transformation in Measurement of a Global Map Team Members: Haocheng Ma, Yinxiao Li School: Tsinghua High School Location: P. R. China,Beijing Academic Advisor: Jianjun Zhou Page - 163 N02 Application of Map Projection Transformation in Measurement of a Global Map Abstract: Cartographical projection is mathematical cartography. Map projection is the mathematical model of geoid. Gauss-Kruger projection is unable to realize seamless splicing between adjoining sheet maps. While Mercator projection, especially web Mercator projection, is able to realize seamless splicing but has larger measurement error. How to combine with the advantage of the two projections, apply the method of map projection transformation and realize accurate measurement under the framework of a global map, is the purpose of this article. In order to demonstrate that the problem of measurement could be solved by map projection transformation, we studied the mathematical principle of Gauss - Kruger Projection and the Mercator Projection and designed the algorithm model based on characteristics of both projections. And established simulated data in ArcMap, calculated the error of the three indicators-the area, the length and the angle- under areas in different latitude(0°-4°、30°-34°、 60°-64°)and longitude (120°-126°)range which validated the algorithm model. The conclusion suggests that it is feasible that using web Mercator Projection is capable to achieve a global map expression. Meanwhile, calculations of area, distance and angle using map projection transformation principle are feasible as well in Gauss - Kruger Projection. This algorithm combines the advantage of the two different kinds of projection, is able to satisfy uses' high demand and covers the shortage of measurement function of online map services in China. -
Gising Dead-Reckoning; Historic Maritime Maps in GIS Menne KOSIAN
13 th International Congress „Cultural Heritage and New Technologies“ Vienna, 2008 GISing dead-reckoning; historic maritime maps in GIS Menne KOSIAN Abstract: The Dutch mapmakers of the 16th and 17th century were famous for their accurate and highly detailed maps. Several atlases were produced and were the pride and joy of many a captain, whether Dutch, English, French, fighting or merchant navy. For modern eyes, these maps often seem warped and inaccurate; besides, in those times it still was impossible to accurately determine ones longitude, so how could these maps be accurate at all? But since these maps were actually used to navigate on, and (most of) the ships actually made it to their destination and back, the information on the maps should have been accurate enough. Using old navigational techniques and principles it is possible to place these maps, and the wealth of information depicted on them, in a modern GIS. That way these old basic-data not only provides us with an insight in the development of our rich maritime landscape over the centuries, but also gives an almost personal insight in the mind of the captains using them and the command structure of the fleets dominating the high seas. Keywords: historic Dutch maritime maps, georeferencing historic data, maritime archaeology Introduction The Dutch maps from the 16th and 17th centuries were famous for their accuracy and detail level. These charts were also very popular with seafarers, both in the Netherlands, as in other seafaring nations of that time. Many of those charts had, in addition to the editions for actual navigational use also editions for presentation, often beautifully coloured and bound together into atlases. -
Map Projections
Map Projections Chapter 4 Map Projections What is map projection? Why are map projections drawn? What are the different types of projections? Which projection is most suitably used for which area? In this chapter, we will seek the answers of such essential questions. MAP PROJECTION Map projection is the method of transferring the graticule of latitude and longitude on a plane surface. It can also be defined as the transformation of spherical network of parallels and meridians on a plane surface. As you know that, the earth on which we live in is not flat. It is geoid in shape like a sphere. A globe is the best model of the earth. Due to this property of the globe, the shape and sizes of the continents and oceans are accurately shown on it. It also shows the directions and distances very accurately. The globe is divided into various segments by the lines of latitude and longitude. The horizontal lines represent the parallels of latitude and the vertical lines represent the meridians of the longitude. The network of parallels and meridians is called graticule. This network facilitates drawing of maps. Drawing of the graticule on a flat surface is called projection. But a globe has many limitations. It is expensive. It can neither be carried everywhere easily nor can a minor detail be shown on it. Besides, on the globe the meridians are semi-circles and the parallels 35 are circles. When they are transferred on a plane surface, they become intersecting straight lines or curved lines. 2021-22 Practical Work in Geography NEED FOR MAP PROJECTION The need for a map projection mainly arises to have a detailed study of a 36 region, which is not possible to do from a globe.