Views of Western Scholars on George Sarton's Introduction to the History
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Medieval Jewish Philosophy and Its Literary Forms'
H-Judaic Lawee on Hughes and Robinson, 'Medieval Jewish Philosophy and Its Literary Forms' Review published on Monday, March 16, 2020 Aaron W. Hughes, James T. Robinson, eds. Medieval Jewish Philosophy and Its Literary Forms. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2019. viii + 363 pp. $100.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-253-04252-1. Reviewed by Eric Lawee (Bar-Ilan University)Published on H-Judaic (March, 2020) Commissioned by Barbara Krawcowicz (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) Printable Version: http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=54753 Among the religious and intellectual innovations in which medieval Judaism abounds, none sparked controversy more than the attempt of certain rabbis and scholars to promote teachings of ancient Greek philosophy. Most notable, of course, was Moses Maimonides, the foremost legist and theologian of the age. Not only did he cultivate Greco-Arabic philosophy and science, but he also taught the radical proposition that knowledge of some of its branches was essential for a true understanding of revealed scripture and for worship of God in its purest form. As an object of modern scholarship, medieval philosophy has not suffered from a lack of attention. Since the advent of Wissenschaft des Judentums more than a century and half ago, studies have proliferated, whether on specific topics (e.g., theories of creation), leading figures (e.g., Saadiah Gaon, Judah Halevi, Maimonides), or the historical, religious, and intellectual settings in which Jewish engagements with philosophy occurred—first in -
3 Al-Farabi, Avicenna, and Averroes in Hebrew: Remarks on the Indirect Transmission of Arabic-Islamic Philosophy in Medieval Judaism
3 Al-FArAbi, AvicennA, And Averroes in Hebrew: remArks on tHe indirect trAnsmission oF ArAbic-islAmic PHilosophy in medievAl JudAism James T. Robinson erhaps as early as the eighth century, in the Islamic East, the traditional Sanskrit tales about the Buddha’s enlightenment—about his recognition of his own mortality and training with an ascetic monk—were translated into Persian and Arabic. The Arabic version, entitled Bilawhar wa-Būdhāsaf, then served as Pthe basis for renderings into Georgian, Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and a long list of European vernacular languages.1 These renderings were, more often than not, not straightforward translations but adaptations, often introducing significant modifications into the frame narrative. The Greek version, for example, transformed Bilawhar—an ascetic teacher—into Barlaam, a saintly Christian monk, and his disciple Budasaf or Yudasaf—the Buddha—into Joasaph or Josaphat, a saintly Christian Neophyte.2 The Hebrew version is no less surprising than the Greek, when Bilawhar be- comes not a Jewish sage but a Neoplatonic philosopher, and his 1 For the Arabic and Persian versions, see D. Gimaret (1972); D. Gimaret (1971). See also S. M. Stern and S. Walzer (1971). For the Georgian and Greek versions, see: D. M. Lang (1957), idem (1966); John Damascene (1914). The Hebrew version was edited by A. M. Habermann (1951), with extensive apparatus and commentary. For the vernacular versions, see most recently the studies of the German and English versions: S. Calomino (1990); K. Ikegami (1999). 2 In fact, both Barlaam and Joasaph/Josaphat became Christian saints. 60 The Judeo-Christian-Islamic Heritage final lesson to his young disciple is not a lesson in religious prac- tice but an introduction to neoplatonic metaphysics, based on the Arabic versions of Plotinus—namely, that complex of texts associated with the Theology of Aristotle.3 This is one example of the indirect transmission of Greek and Arabic philosophy in medieval Judaism. -
The Aristotelian Curriculum in Arabic and Hebrew
1 The Aristotelian Curriculum (Excluding Mathematics) In Arabic and Hebrew (occasionally also Greek, Syriac, Persian, Latin) Handout for “Aristotle in the Middle Ages,” James Robinson, U. Chicago, Winter 2013 General background: Christina d’Ascona, “Greek Sources in Arabic and Islamic Philosophy,” Stanford Encyc. of Philosophy Online: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/arabic-islamic-greek/ M. Zonta, “The Influence of Arabic and Islamic Philosophy on Judaic Thought,” Stanford Encyc. of Philosophy: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/arabic-islamic-judaic/ Dag Hasse, “The Influence of Arabic and Islamic Philosophy on the Latin West,” Stanford Encyc. of Philosophy: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/arabic-islamic-influence/ Tony Street, “Arabic and Islamic Philosophy of Language and Logic,” Stanford Encyc. of Philosophy: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/arabic-islamic-language/ J. McGinnis, “Arabic and Islamic Natural Philosophy and Natural Science,” Stanford Encyc. of Philosophy: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/arabic-islamic-natural/ Alfred Ivry, “Arabic and Islamic Psychology and Philosophy of Mind,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/arabic-islamic-mind/ Amos Bertolacci, “Arabic and Islamic Metaphysics,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/arabic-islamic-metaphysics/ Useful Resources: Arist. semitico-latinus: http://www.brill.com/publications/aristoteles-semitico-latinus Online dictionary of Arabic philosophical terms: http://www.arabic-philosophy.com/dict Hans Daiber -
Latin Averroes Translations of the First Half of the Thirteenth Century
D.N. Hasse 1 Latin Averroes Translations of the First Half of the Thirteenth Century Dag Nikolaus Hasse (Würzburg)1 Palermo is a particularly appropriate place for delivering a paper about Latin translations of Averroes in the first half of the thirteenth century. Michael Scot and William of Luna, two of the translators, were associated with the court of the Hohenstaufen in Sicily and Southern Italy. Michael Scot moved to Italy around 1220. He was coming from Toledo, where he had already translated at least two major works from Arabic: the astronomy of al-BitrÚºÍ and the 19 books on animals by Aristotle. In Italy, he dedicated the translation of Avicenna’s book on animals to Frederick II Hohenstaufen, and he mentions that two books of his own were commissioned by Frederick: the Liber introductorius and the commentary on the Sphere of Sacrobosco. He refers to himself as astrologus Frederici. His Averroes translation, however, the Long Commentary on De caelo, is dedicated to the French cleric Étienne de Provins, who had close ties to the papal court. It is important to remember that Michael Scot himself, the canon of the cathedral of Toledo, was not only associated with the Hohenstaufen, but also with the papal court.2 William of Luna, the other translator, was working apud Neapolim, in the area of Naples. It seems likely that William of Luna was associated to Manfred of Hohenstaufen, ruler of Sicily.3 Sicily therefore is a good place for an attempt to say something new about Michael Scot and William of Luna. In this artic le, I shall try to do this by studying particles: small words used by translators. -
History of Biology in the Netherlands a Historical
HISTORY OF BIOLOGY IN THE NETHERLANDS A HISTORICAL SKETCH Bert Theunissen and Robert P.W. Visser As in most coimtries, the history of biology as an academic discipline is of relatively recent origin in the Netherlands. The first full-time professionals were appointed in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Their number has never been large, and one sometimes worries that the entire population may one day be wiped out by sheer 'drift'. Yet so far we've managed to stay alive - in fact, the prospects are not too bad at the moment. As elsewhere, the professional historians of biology in the Netherlands were preceded by generations of enthusiastic amateurs. We shall not even try to give all of them their due share in this overview, restricting our account to some general remarks on developments over the last century and to a few representative twen tieth-century figures. The historical genres to flourish the most in the pre-professional era were biographies, publications of the 'life and work' type, and commemorative volumes. A useful bibliography of the more important works published from the beginning of the century up to the early 1960s can be found in a review compiled by Frans Verdoorn in 1%3.' Among the Dutch biologists who showed more than a fleeting interest in the history of their discipline and whose works clearly transcend the status of occasional writings, two of the most outstanding are F.W.T. Hunger and A. Schierbeek. They paved the way for the professionalization of the discipline in the Netherlands, particularly in that their activities and pubHcations aroused a lasting interest in the history of biology in Dutch academic circles. -
In the Thirteenth Century, the Traditional Jewish Communities of Southern
SECONDARY FORMS OF PHILOSOPHY: ON THE TEACHING AND TRANSMISSION OF PHILOSOPHY IN NON-PHILOSOPHICAL LITERARY GENRES James T. Robinson n the thirteenth century, the traditional Jewish communities of southern France (called ‘Provence’ in Hebrew sources), where Talmud and Midrash had Ireigned supreme, were transformed into the leading centres of Jewish philo- sophy. There in Rousillon, Languedoc, Comtat Venaissin, and Provence proper, in the communities of Perpignan, Béziers, Carcassonne, Narbonne, Lunel, Mont- pellier, Arles, and Marseilles, Jews devoted themselves — with religious zeal — to the teaching of philosophical ideas. This cultural transformation in southern France, a transformation from tradi- tional Jew to philosopher, from yeshiva student to enthusiast of Aristotle, is really quite remarkable. Especially remarkable is the speed with which philosophical texts, ideas, principles, ideals, and aspirations spread throughout the region. By 1306, when the Jews were expelled from France, Greek and Arabic philosophical ideas were discussed freely and openly, in Hebrew and Romance, in every area of Jewish life and letters. How did this transformation take place? There were certainly many factors — sociological, political, economic, religious, and even geographical. The purpose of the present paper is to focus on the literary: the way that different literary genres and forms — different media, if you will — were used to teach and disseminate philosophy to the general public. In other words, the paper will focus on the popu- larization of philosophy in Provence, the creating of a literary foundation for philo- sophy within the traditional community, the creation of a philosophical culture. The paper will survey the main literary-pedagogical developments in thirteenth- century Provence: translation; reference works and study aids; popular literature, 246 James T. -
Greek Philosophy and the Mishnah: on the History of Love That Does Not Depend on a Thing*
Greek Philosophy and the Mishnah: On the History of Love that Does Not Depend on a Thing* GABRIEL DANZIG In the fifth chapter ofAvot we read: כל אהבה שהיא תלויה בדבר—בטל דבר, בטלה אהבה; ושאינה תלויה בדבר — אינה בטילה לעולם. איזו היא אהבה שהיא תלויה בדבר, זו אהבת אמנון ותמר; ושאינה תלויה בדבר, זו אהבת דויד ויהונתן Any love that is dependent on a thing – when the thing is gone, the love is gone; but a love that is not dependent on a thing will never dissolve. What is a love that is dependent on a thing? This is the love of Amnon and Tamar. And one that is not dependent on a thing? This is the love of David and Jonathan.1 (Mish. Avot 5.16) Anyone familiar with Greek philosophical reflections on love and friendship will immediately sense a resemblance. The distinction between love based on sexual pleasure and higher forms of love is found in both Plato and Aristotle. In Plato’s Symposium we find the following: * The Bar Ilan responsa project enabled me to locate many of the passages referred to in this paper. I thank Steve Harvey, Lawrence Schiffman, Joel Kaminsky and an anonymous reader for comments which substantially improved this paper. I also thank Prof. Schaps for his many invaluable suggestions and improvements as editor. This paper is a small token of my admiration for Ranon, and for his unique ability to combine the intellectual and personal virtues of the world of Torah learning with those of the academic world. 1 All translations are my own. -
History and the History of Science in the Work of Hendrik De
History and t!" history of s$i"n$" in t!" %or& of H"ndri& '" (an CHRI)T*+H,-.,RBR/GG,N1 L"$t0r"r 1 /ni2"rsit"it G"nt L,3I) +4,N)*N 55555555555555555555555555555555555555555 +ro#"ssor 1 3"st"rn (i$!i6an /ni2"rsity H"ndri& '" (an 71885-1953) is r":":;"r" as one of t!" :ost si6ni#i$ant innovators in t!" (arxist tra ition 0ring t!" int"r%ar period. =n ind"#ati6a;>" and %i ">y tra2">>" t!"or"ti$ian, !" ":"r6" as a :a?or politi$a> >"a "r in t!" 1930s and t!"n ;"$a:" ;"st &nown #or his a$$om:odation %it! t!" G"r:an oc$upi"r during t!" )"$ond 3or> 3ar. '" (an's int">>"$tua> and po>iti$a> in#>0"nc" spr"a #ar ;"yond t!" bor "rs o# !is nati2" B">6i0:. His $ordia> r">ations!ip %it! t!" historian H"nri +ir"nn" 71862-1935) has ;""n obs"r2"d. Inde"d, '" (an %as one of +ir"nne@s :ost bri>>iant pupi>s. '" (an's $onne$tion %it! s$holars a>so "xt"nde to historian of s$i"nc" G"or6" )arton 71884-1956). In t!" #ol>owing pa6"s, %" dis$uss %hat-'" (an dr"%-#rom bot!-+ir"nn" and-)arton. H"nri +ir"nne, by 2irt0" of his socia> and "$onomi$ history 1 %hi$! >" dir"$t>y into (ar$ B>oc! and L0$i"n B";2r"@s Annales 1 provi " a :a?or int">>"$tua> i:petus #or t!" dis$ip>in" of history as it is pra$ti$" today 7Lyon C Lyon, 1991). -
Exchange and Transmission Across Cultural Boundaries Studies in the Humanities Exchange and Transmission Across Cultural Boundaries
PUBLICATIONS OF THE ISRAEL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES SECTION OF HUMANITIES EXCHANGE AND TRANSMISSION ACROSS CULTURAL BOUNDARIES STUDIES IN THE HUMANITIES EXCHANGE AND TRANSMISSION ACROSS CULTURAL BOUNDARIES PHILOSOPHY, MYSTICISM AND SCIENCE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN WORLD Proceedings of an International Workshop Held in Memory of PROFESSOR SHLOMO PINES at The Institute for Advanced Studies The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 28 February – 2 March 2005 Edited by HAGGAI BEN-SHAMMAI SHAUL SHAKED SARAH STROUMSA JERUSALEM 2013 THE ISRAEL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES Copy Editors: Miriam Himmelfarb and Deborah Greniman Production: Yehuda Greenbaum ISBN 978–965–208–188–9 © The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 2013 Typesetting: [email protected] Printed in Israel by . Jerusalem CONTENTS Preface vii Haggai Ben-Shammai Ṣuḥuf in the Qur ³ān – A Loan Translation for ‘Apocalypses’ 1 Patricia Crone The Book of Watchers in the Qur ³ān 16 Gad Freudenthal Abraham Ibn Ezra and Judah Ibn Tibbon as Cultural Intermediaries: Early Stages in the Introduction of Non-Rabbinic Learning into Provence in the Mid-Twelfth Century 52 Steven Harvey Avicenna and Maimonides on Prayer and Intellectual Worship 82 Warren Zev Harvey Arabic and Latin Elements in Ḥasdai Crescas’s Philosophy 106 Y. Tzvi Langermann An Early Jewish Defence of Creationism 116 Yehuda Liebes The Platonic Source for the Philosophical Riddle and How It Is Used in Ibn Gabirol’s Poem ‘I Love You’ 148 Josep Puig Montada Eliahu del Medigo, the Last Averroist 155 James T. Robinson Secondary -
George Sarton: the Father of the History of Science. Part 1. Sarton's
EUGENE GARFIELD INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC lNFORMATION@ George Sarton: The Father of the History of Science. Part 1. Sarton’s Early Lffe fn Belgium Number 25 June 24, 1985 Introdudfolr events and publications in which Sarton has been memorialized. The year 1984 marked the centennial This essay was originally planned for of the birth of George Alfred LEon Sar- presentation at the international confer- ton, a pioneer in establishing the history ence honoring Sarton that was held in of science as a discipline in its own right. Ghent, Belgium last fall. A slightly con- In honor of the Sarton centennial, the densed version of it was published re- journal he founded and edtted for 40 cently in the Journal of the History of the years, Isis, published a special issue in Behavioml Sciences.2 This fiit part fo- March 1984 containing a number of arti- cuses on Sarton’s formative years in his cles dedicated to Sarton’s contributions native Belgium, prior to his emigration to the history of science. 1The editors of to the US during World War I. Part 2 his, the primary journal in the field of will focus on Sarton’s struggles to attain the history of science, also plan a special his vision of a new dmcipline uniting the issue at the end of 1985 to review the two cultures of art and science. %ton’s Major works (1450-1600); and The History of Science and the New Humanism. Table 1 fiats the titles of Sarton is perhaps best known as the author the joumafs in which Sarton’s works were of what many consider to be one of the most published. -
May Sarton Papers, 1860-1994
May Sarton papers, 1860-1994 This finding aid was produced using ArchivesSpace on August 01, 2019. Describing Archives: A Content Standard Maine Women Writers Collection Abplanalp Library University of New England 716 Stevens Avenue Portland, Maine 04103 [email protected] URL: http://www.une.edu/mwwc May Sarton papers, 1860-1994 Table of Contents Summary Information .................................................................................................................................... 3 Biographical/Historical Note ......................................................................................................................... 3 Collection Scope and Content ....................................................................................................................... 4 Arrangement ................................................................................................................................................... 5 Administrative Information ............................................................................................................................ 5 Related Materials ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Controlled Access Headings .......................................................................................................................... 6 Collection Inventory ...................................................................................................................................... -
A Complete Bibliography of Publications in Isis, 1940–1949
A Complete Bibliography of Publications in Isis, 1940{1949 Nelson H. F. Beebe University of Utah Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB 155 S 1400 E RM 233 Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090 USA Tel: +1 801 581 5254 FAX: +1 801 581 4148 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] (Internet) WWW URL: http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/ 04 January 2016 Version 0.05 Title word cross-reference 1 [310, 411, 940]. 1249 [239]. 1279 [51]. 1299 [557]. 1399 [113]. 13th [405]. 14436 [753]. 1494 [853]. 14th [911]. 1577 [617]. 1665 [17]. 1727 [41]. 1766 [613]. 1780 [307]. 1783 [125]. 1801 [726]. 1842 [228]. 1850 [208]. 1853 [780]. 1860 [520]. 18e [42]. 1900 [737]. 1915 [594]. 1920 [22]. 1926 [92]. 1938 [32]. 1939 [44, 516]. 1941 [316]. 1944 [732]. 1947 [878]. 1949 [958]. 1950 [959]. 19e [42]. 1a [516]. 2 [940]. 44 [364]. 449 [537]. 7 [459]. 75th [878]. =Thomas [649]. 1 2 ^age [265, 754]. A.D [537]. A.D. [239, 51, 113]. Abano [278]. Abarbanel [15]. Abdulhak [85, 925]. Abel [76, 864, 531]. Abendland [883]. Abi [183]. Abraham [63, 484, 13, 652, 848, 539]. Abrahamismus [849]. absolu [34]. Absorption [425]. Academic [460]. Acad´emie [26]. Academy [688]. Acclimatization [942]. according [884]. Account [835]. Accounts [726]. Achievement [285]. Acre [671]. Act [38]. action [225]. Adams [96, 60]. Additional [806]. Addresses [97]. Adelmann [450]. Adivar [730, 925]. Administrative [236, 493, 294, 465, 553, 623, 699, 831, 900, 174, 260, 276]. Admiral [337]. Adnan [730, 85, 925]. Adnan-adivar [925]. Adolphe [611]. Advance [377].