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What Makes a Complex Society Complex?
What Makes a Complex Society Complex? The Dresden Codex. Public domain. Supporting Questions 1. How did the Maya use writing to represent activities in their culture? 2. What did the Aztecs do to master their watery environment? 3. Why were roads important to the Inca Empire? Supporting Question 1 Featured Source Source A: Mark Pitts, book exploring Maya writing, Book 1: Writing in Maya Glyphs: Names, Places & Simple Sentences—A Non-Technical Introduction to Maya Glyphs (excerpt), 2008 THE BASICS OF ANCIENT MAYA WRITING Maya writing is composed of various signs and symbol. These signs and symbols are often called ‘hieroglyphs,’ or more simply ‘glyphs.’ To most of us, these glyphs look like pictures, but it is often hard to say what they are pictures of…. Unlike European languages, like English and Spanish, the ancient Maya writing did not use letters to spell words. Instead, they used a combination of glyphs that stood either for syllables, or for whole words. We will call the glyphs that stood for syllables ‘syllable glyphs,’ and we’ll call the glyphs that stood for whole words ‘logos.’ (The technically correct terms are ‘syllabogram’ and ‘logogram.’) It may seem complicated to use a combination of sounds and signs to make words, but we do the very same thing all the time. For example, you have seen this sign: ©iStock/©jswinborne Everyone knows that this sign means “one way to the right.” The “one way” part is spelled out in letters, as usual. But the “to the right” part is given only by the arrow pointing to the right. -
Inca Statehood on the Huchuy Qosqo Roads Advisor
Silva Collins, Gabriel 2019 Anthropology Thesis Title: Making the Mountains: Inca Statehood on the Huchuy Qosqo Roads Advisor: Antonia Foias Advisor is Co-author: None of the above Second Advisor: Released: release now Authenticated User Access: No Contains Copyrighted Material: No MAKING THE MOUNTAINS: Inca Statehood on the Huchuy Qosqo Roads by GABRIEL SILVA COLLINS Antonia Foias, Advisor A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honors in Anthropology WILLIAMS COLLEGE Williamstown, Massachusetts May 19, 2019 Introduction Peru is famous for its Pre-Hispanic archaeological sites: places like Machu Picchu, the Nazca lines, and the city of Chan Chan. Ranging from the earliest cities in the Americas to Inca metropolises, millennia of urban human history along the Andes have left large and striking sites scattered across the country. But cities and monuments do not exist in solitude. Peru’s ancient sites are connected by a vast circulatory system of roads that connected every corner of the country, and thousands of square miles beyond its current borders. The Inca road system, or Qhapaq Ñan, is particularly famous; thousands of miles of trails linked the empire from modern- day Colombia to central Chile, crossing some of the world’s tallest mountain ranges and driest deserts. The Inca state recognized the importance of its road system, and dotted the trails with rest stops, granaries, and religious shrines. Inca roads even served directly religious purposes in pilgrimages and a system of ritual pathways that divided the empire (Ogburn 2010). This project contributes to scholarly knowledge about the Inca and Pre-Hispanic Andean civilizations by studying the roads which stitched together the Inca state. -
The Environmental Activism of Indigenous Women of the Ecuadorian Amazon
University of Mississippi eGrove Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors Theses Honors College) 2019 “Nosotras Como Mujeres”: The Environmental Activism of Indigenous Women of the Ecuadorian Amazon Leta Rowan University of Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis Part of the International and Area Studies Commons Recommended Citation Rowan, Leta, "“Nosotras Como Mujeres”: The Environmental Activism of Indigenous Women of the Ecuadorian Amazon" (2019). Honors Theses. 1220. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis/1220 This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College) at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “NOSOTRAS COMO MUJERES”: THE ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISM OF INDIGENOUS WOMEN OF THE ECUADORIAN AMAZON Leta Rowan ©2019 A thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for completion of the Bachelor of Arts degree in International Studies Croft Institute for International Studies Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College The University of Mississippi Oxford, Mississippi April 2019 Approved by: ___________________________________ Advisor: Dr. Kate Centellas ___________________________________ Reader: Dr. Oliver Dinius ___________________________________ Reader: Dr. Marcos Mendoza i Abstract Across Latin America, indigenous organizations have mobilized against environmental destruction inflicted upon their communities. Environmental destruction brought about by climate change and extractive industries has been especially devastating in the Western Amazon- the most biologically diverse region of the Amazon and home to a diversity of indigenous populations. The efforts of indigenous organizations in the Western Amazon, notably the Ecuadorian Amazon, have been successful in affecting progressive environmental policies as a means to protect their natural environments and standards of living. -
The Incas Road: Last Tambo in Mendoza
INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS 1 1 EL CAMINO DE LOS INCAS AF-3 Not fur pubbhn&&out w~~~ mnsmk l5 AUGUST 1992 Skm 1925 the Institute of CumWafd Affairs (the Cme-Rcgm F~~im)has IXOVW ~-Wm ~kwSh@6 to en- out- stamkg zdib to heamida ttm Unkd Wes and wit9 abui hmahnd areas isues.Enmby the late Charies %. crm, m ,"Wte is *qqxwtd by mtimmfrom !imi~v~& hwdatiom. !T have seen with my own eyes that most of the towns, tarnbos and set- tlements of the indians are deserted and burned...9 1 Crigt6bd Vaca de Castro King Charlest Emissary to Peru, Tambo Ordinances of 1543 eyes from the word sddand, with some "C mela"8czatched of the &ones that are into one of the roch piled up here, they making up what'a improvised a grill ta left of the ruined make an asado. tad10 wall. Curmela, Carmela+ Mkthey ate Carmela's lover put have the garbage on a few been itt tin^ page8 of LOBAndes newspaper>made it here in thi; into a sower ball, ma mountain tossing it into the spotlegs landscape, felt like Mardona for for a few a wuple of mhute~, The game ended hours and, when some ofthe despite dl the beauty garbage started to fd of the lm&mp and out. the huge emotion of being here at one of the very lmt tmh~ Cwmela and her of the Incan empire, 1 laver had a picnic on cm%take away my a wnddlSunday rnarnhg?maybe ~ittingat the same spot 1 am sitting at how. -
The Incas CHAPTER
plots Grade 7 Bearcat Day 29 ELA 5 Grade 7 Bearcat Day 29 ELA p2 of 3. of5 Grade 7 Bearcat Day 29 ELA p Grade 7 Bearcat Day 29 ELA pttofs Grade 7 Bearcat Day 29 ELA psofs Grade 7 Bearcat Day 29 Math page loft plot 6 Grade 7 Bearcat Day 29 Science 2 of 6 Grade 7 Bearcat Day 29 Science page Grade 7 Bearcat Day 29 Science page 3 of 6 4 Grade 7 Bearcat Day 29 Science page of 6 Grade 7 Bearcat Day 29 Science page 5 off Grade 7 Bearcat Day 29 Science page 6 off Grade 7 Bearcat Day 29 Social Studies CHAPTER The city of Machu Picchu was a religious center of the Inca Empire. l of page 16 The Incas 26.1 Introduction In Chapter 25, you learned about daily life in the Aztec Empire of Mexico. Now you will learn about the Inca Empire, a great society that developed in llu- Andes Mountains of Soulh America. The Inca Empire arose in the 1400s C.E. It lasted until 1532, when the Incas were conquered by Spanish explorers. From north to south, the Inca Empire stretched more than 2,500 miles. To c o m m u n i - cate across this vast distance, the Incas used runners called chasquis to relay messages from one place to another. Imagine that you are a young chasqui. From your messenger station along the Royal Road, you see another chasqui racing toward you. You know he carries an important message from the emperor. -
R1 Book Reviews Review Essay: Cultura Popular Y Postdictatorial En Argentina, Uruguay Y Brasil Acree, William, Jr. Staging Fron
Book Reviews Review essay: Cultura popular y postdictatorial en Argentina, Uruguay y Brasil Acree, William, Jr. Staging Frontiers. The Making of Modern Popular Culture in Argentina and Uruguay. Albuquerque: U of New Mexico P, 2019. 279 p ISBN 9780-8263-6105-9 Rajca, Andrew. Dissensual Subjects. Memory. Human Rights, and Postdictatorship in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. Evanston: Northwestern UP, 2018. 254 pp. ISBN 9780-8101-3636- 6. El estudio de las distintas culturas nacionales de América Latina tiene una larga tradición que ciertamente permite profundizar en lo propio de cada país. Sin embargo, si tomamos en cuenta que en varios países existen áreas geográficas que tienen más similitudes con países limítrofes que con otras regiones del mismo (por ejemplo, la Amazonia Brasilera y Peruana, la región cuyana y Chile, la región andina que une a Ecuador y Colombia, etc) y que algunos países han experimentado similares procesos políticos y/o económicos, el estudio conjunto de la producción cultural de más de un país se vuelve altamente relevante. Tal es la propuesta de los dos volúmenes que analizo en este ensayo. El primero pertenece a William Acree, Jr., un especialista en cultura colonial y del siglo XIX, mientras que el segundo corresponde a un comparatista que se enfoca en la producción cultural de fines de principios del siglo XXI. En Staging Frontiers, William Acree encara un proyecto valioso y desafiante al estudiar la cultura popular del siglo XIX a ambos lados del Río de la Plata. Los retos que Acree superó aparecen listados en los agradecimientos: la falta de fuentes, la imposibilidad de medir la sociabilidad y los hábitos de entretenimiento de personas que vivieron antes de la invención de la radio, la televisión, y el cine. -
Paz Soldan's Atlas / Elegia Apu Inka Atawallpaman / The
CHASQUI PERUVIAN MAIL Year 12, number 23 Cultural Bulletin of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs October, 2014 Jaime Mamani. Oil on canvas. 2000. Jaime Mamani. Oil on canvas. Portrait, Portrait, PAZ SOLDAN’S ATLAS / ELEGIA APU INKA ATAWALLPAMAN / THE DEVELOPMENT OF IDEAS IN CONTEMPORARY PERU/ PRAISE OF RIVERA MARTINEZ / JAIME MAMANI: RARA AVIS / TEÓFILO HINOSTROZA’S PHOTOGRAPHY / THE PEOPLES OF YUCCA BRAVA APU INKA ATAWALLPAMAN Sporadically felt Those touched by its My heart sensed it Original version in Quechua A nasty blow fly- the harbinger of many powerful hands; again and again death; those enfolded in And in my dreams too, bewildered, Ima k’uychin kay yana k’uychi Endless pain. the wings of his heart; trapped, Sayarimun? (...) those protected I noticed the nasty blow fly- the Qosqoq awqanpaq millay wach’i by the delicate fabric of his chest; harbinger of death, Illarimun, And its strong teeth gnaw wail with the unbridled cries fate, misfortune Tukuy imapi seqra chikchi Sadness they cannot stop; of inconsolable widows. T’akakamun Its sun-like eyes have become eyes of (...) lead, (...) Watupakurqan sunqollaymi The Inka’s eyes. They say its firm bite already begins to Sapa kutin, Ruled by heaped up punishments, gnaw, Musqoyniypipas ch’eqmi ch’eqmi Atahualpa’s great heart has now turned Cut to the quick; unbearable condition Uti uti, Bitter cold, Stupefied, estranged, without justice They say the clear eye-sight of Chiririnka qhenchataraqmi, Men from the Four Regions are Isolated the great patriarch blurs Aqoy phuti. shouting out Weighing how our bodies have no […] Their lungs. shadows They say Atawallpa’s great heart has We cry, Turned cold Q’eqmaq kirus yarphachakunña The clouds of heaven have turned Having no one or nowhere to go, They say that in his four dominions Llakiy salqa. -
Chasqui. Revista Latinoamericana De Comunicación
www.flacsoandes.edu.ec LISTA DE INSTITUCIONES DE COMUNICACION SOCIAL Fuente: Directorio de Instituciones con Proyectos de Comunicación y Educación Popular en Ecuador, editado ABRIL-JUNIO 1988 No.26 por CIESPAL, 1988, Quito, Ecuador. Contiene una descripción de cerca de 100 organizaciones. Solicítelo. Chasqui FEDERACION DE CENTROS SHUAR ASOCIACION LATINOAMERICANA DE TELEOPIO DEL 8 EDUCACION RADIOFONICA (ALER) PUEBLO Tipo de institución Privada-nacional Privada-internacional Paul Little HISTORIA DEL 15 Dirección Tarqui No. 804. Edif. Pierrotet. 2do piso Valladolid No. 479 y Madrid. Telf. 524-358 La televisión es la mayor NUEVO PERIODISMO Oficina No. 209. Quito Casilla 4639 A. Quito fuente -de información sobre María Luisa Rodríguez Año de creación 1964 1972 el mundo, nos divierte, hace de El nuevo periodista desde su Cobertura provincial Internacional (América Latina) niñera de nuestros hijos y es puesto de observación en la Beneficiarios Afiliados Las emisoras y el personal afiliado a la Asoc. nuestro aparato de "felicidad". tierra de la realidad tal-cual, (50 emisoras afiliadas) Pero también es nuestro opio, debe ser un híbrido, un Representante Sr. Angel León Zamarenda (en Quito) Humberto Vandenbulcke el "opio del pueblo ", "Perio-novelista" de la Objetivos Busca la superación social, económica y moral Asesorar y capacitar a las emisoras afiliadas no-ficción. de sus integrantes, la autodeterminación y en educación y comunicación popular. reivindicación de los derechos ancestrales de DERECHO SOCIAL 39 la nacionalidad shuar A LA INFORMACION Actividades Seminarios, talleres, reuniones sobre tenencia Organización y ejecución de talleres de Cremilda Medina TELEVISION SIN 20 FRONTERAS de la tierra, salud, artesanía, cooperativismo, capacitación radiofónica y educación El Derecho Social a la educación, medios de comunicación social. -
What Makes a Complex Society Complex?
NEW YORK STATE SOCIA L STUDIES RESOURCE TOOLKIT 5th Grade Complex Societies Inquiry What Makes a Complex Society Complex? The Dresden Codex. Public domain. Supporting Questions 1. How did the Maya use writing to represent activities in their culture? 2. What did the Aztecs do to master their watery environment? 3. Why were roads important to the Inca Empire? THIS WORK IS LICENSE D UNDER A CREATIVE C OMMONS ATTRIBUTION - NONCOMMERCIAL - SHAREALIKE 4.0 INTERNATIONAL LICENS E. 1 NEW YORK STATE SOCIA L STUDIES RESOURCE TOOLKIT 5th Grade Complex Societies Inquiry What Makes a Complex Society Complex? 5.2 COMPLEX SOCIETIES AND CIVILIZATIONS: Between 1100 B.C.E. and 1500 C.E., complex societies and New York State Social civilizations developed in the Western Hemisphere. Although these complex societies and civilizations Studies Framework have certain defining characteristics in common, each is also known for unique cultural achievements Key Idea & Practices and contributions. Gathering, Using, and Interpreting Evidence Geographic Reasoning Comparison and Contextualization Discuss examples of complexity in our society today, noting things that have changed recently in society Staging the Question and how those things are connected, for example, cell phones and the Internet. Supporting Question 1 Supporting Question 2 Supporting Question 3 How did the Maya use writing to What did the Aztecs do to master their Why were roads important to the Inca represent activities in their culture? watery environment? Empire? Formative Formative Formative Performance Task Performance Task Performance Task Write a paragraph describing how the Make a chart of the benefits of swamp Make a diagram illustrating how the Maya used writing and how others agriculture and the use of chinampas. -
The Inca Empire
The Inca Empire Thomas Ader August 26, 2010 INTRODUCTION How do we know about the Incas ? No system of writing… - Spanish conquerors writings - Native accounts - Ethnographic studies - Archaeology OUTLINE • History of the Incas • Social organization • Economic structure • Political structure • Religion and Ideology • Material culture ORIGIN: myth and reality The Pacariqtambo Legend Lake Titicaca Legend felipe guaman poma de ayala NASA History Society Economy Politics Religion Material INCA DYNASTY SAPA INCA (“unique Ruler”) REIGN Manco Capac ? (1100 – 1200 A.D.) Sinchi Roca ? Lloque Yupanqui ? Mayta Capac ? Capac Yupanqui ? Inca Roca Yahuar Huacac ? Viracocha ? – 1438 Pachacuti (“Earth shaker”) 1438 – 1471 Topa Inca 1471 – 1493 Huayna Capac 1493 – 1525 Huascar / Atahualpa 1525 – 1532 / 1532 – 1535 History Society Economy Politics Religion Material EMPIRE EXPANSION • Started with Pachacuti Huayna (Viracocha ?) 1438-1471 Capac rebuilt Cuzco from scratch public work, Machu Picchu codified Inca law, taxation system Pachacu Considered as the founder of the Topa Inca Inca empire. • Topa Inca carried on • Huavna Capac had some difficulties at the North- East History Society Economy Politics Religion Material DECLINE • Long absence of Huavna Capac from Cuzco • War of succession between 2 of his sons: Huascar and Atahuallpa • Population dying from European diseases (smallpox) • Arrival of the Spaniards (Pizarro) with better weapons and war tactics The Spaniards take over Cuzco on November 16, 1532 History Society Economy Politics Religion Material -
Resistance to the Expansion of Pachakutiq's Inca Empire and Its Effects on the Spanish
RESISTANCE TO THE EXPANSION OF PACHAKUTIQ'S INCA EMPIRE AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE SPANISH CONQUEST A Senior Scholars Thesis by MIGUEL ALBERTO NOVOA Submitted to the Office of Undergraduate Research Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the designation as HONORS RESEARCH FELLOW May 2012 Major: History Economics RESISTANCE TO THE EXPANSION OF PACHAKUTIQ'S INCA EMPIRE AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE SPANISH CONQUEST A Senior Scholars Thesis by MIGUEL ALBERTO NOVOA Submitted to the Office of Undergraduate Research Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for designation as HONORS RESEARCH FELLOW Approved by: Research Advisor: Glenn Chambers Director for Honors and Undergraduate Research: Duncan Mackenzie May 2012 Major: History Economics iii ABSTRACT Resistance to the Expansion of Pachakutiq's Inca Empire and its Effects on the Spanish Conquest. (May 2012) Miguel Alberto Novoa Department of History Department of Economics Texas A&M University Research Advisor: Dr. Glenn Chambers Department of History This endeavor focuses on the formation and expansion of the Inca Empire and its effects on western South American societies in the fifteenth century. The research examines the Incan cultural, economic, and administrative methods of expansion under Pachakutiq, the founder of the empire, and its impact on the empire’s demise in the sixteenth century. Mainstream historical literature attributes the fall of the Incas to immediate causes such as superior Spanish technology, the Inca civil war, and a devastating smallpox epidemic; however, little is mentioned about the causes within the society itself. An increased focus on the social reactions towards Inca imperialism not only expands current information on Andean civilization, but also enhances scholarly understanding for the abrupt end of the Inca Empire. -
The Chaski Official Messengers of the Inka Empire
The Chaski Official Messengers of the Inka Empire The Great Inka Road: Engineering an Empire A Guide for Teachers | Grades 4–12 1 Above: A paved stretch of Inka road through the upper Amazon. Near Chachapoyas, Peru, 2014. Photo by Inge Schjellerup Left: A llama caravan carrying salt from the altiplano to exchange for maize in Bolivia’s Tarija Valley. Altiplano de Sama, Tarija, Bolivia, 1995. Photo by Axel E. Nielsen Map by Daniel G. Cole, Smithsonian Institution, and Nancy Bratton Design with core data from ESRI and NaturalEarth. © 2015 Smithsonian Institution Why would the Inka build such a large road system? The Inka controlled a huge empire security, goods, and services to that ran from Colombia to Chile. the people, who in turn gave the The road system stretched through empire the labor it needed. This the Inka Empire for a total of reciprocity, a core value of the 40,000 kilometers, or 25,000 miles. Andean people, is known as ayni. Not only was it the longest road Ayni, or the act of giving back, system of the 1500s, but it was the was also practiced through a kind best organized. of taxation (mit’a) of the people The road was essential in order to by requiring them to build roads, move people, food, armies, and construct buildings, make textiles information across Inka lands. and pottery, and farm. In reciproc- The Inka expanded the roads of ity for their service to the state previous indigenous cultures and they received access to a wide engineered them into the complex range of goods, such as food and and sophisticated system that we raw materials.