The Genera and Species of the Mallophaga
of North America (North of Mexico).
Part I Suborder ISCHNOCERA
by
K. C. Emerson, PhD
DEFENSE PEST MGMT INFO ANALYSIS CTR AFPMB, FOREST GLEN SECTION, WRAMC WASHINGTON, DC 20307-5001 ,PREFACE
This volume is essentially a revision of my 1964 publication. Checklist of the Mallophaga of North America (north of Mexico), which reflects the taxonomic studies published since that date.
Host criteria for the birds has been expanded to include consideration of all species listed in The A. 0. U. Check- list of North American Birds, Fifth Edition (1957)~A few species of birds definitely known to be extinct are omitted for the listings of probable hosts, even though new species may still be found on museum skins.
Mammal hosts considered remain those Irecorded in Miller and Kellogg, List of North American Recent Mammals (1955), as being found north of Mexico.
If the present volume of taxonomic studies of Mallophaga continues, another revision will be necessary in a few years. Much remains to be done on the taxonomy of several genera
and host groups, especially the forms found on the Passeriformes . CONTENTS
PHILOPTERIDAE Acidoproctus Acutifrons Anaticola Anatoecus Aquanirmus Ardeicola Brueelia Campanulotes Carduiceps Chelopistes Cirrophthirius Colinicola Coloceras Columbicol.a Craspedonirmus Craspedorrhyncbus Cuclotogaster Cuculicola Cuculoecus Cummingsiella Degeeriella Docophoroides Episbates Esthiopterum Falcolipeurus Fulicoffula Goniocotes Goniodes Haffneria Halipeurus Harrisoniella Ibidoecus Incidifrons Lagopoecus Lipeurus Lunaceps Mulcticola Naubates Neophilopterus Numidilipeurus Ornithobius Oxylipeurus Paraclisis Pectinopygus Penenirrnus Perineus Philoceanus Philopterus Physconelloides Piciola Pseudonirmus Quadraceps Rallicola Rhynonirmus Rotundiceps Saemundssonia Strigiphilus Sturnidoecus Trabeculus Trogoninirmus Vernoniella TRICHODECTIDAE Bovicola Eutrichophilus Felicola Geomydoecus Lutridia
Neotrichodectes ' Stachiella Suricatoecus Trichodectes Tricholipeurus Suborder ISCHNOCERA
FAMILY PHILOPTERIDAE
Genus ACIDOPROCTUS
Acidoproctus Piaget, 1878. Tijdschr. Ent., 21: 178, Type species: Acidoproctus marginatus Piaget, 1878, a synonym of Acidoproctus rostratus (Rudow, 1866) (By subsequent designation by Johnston and Harrison, 1911, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., 36: 3Z6).
Akidoproctus Piaget, 1880, Les Pediculines: 208 (Emendation).
Heteroproctus Harrison, 1915. Parasitology, 7: 394. Type species: Heteroproctus hilli Harrison, 1915.
For a brief discussion of the genus, see Timmermann, 1962 (Zeitr. Parasit., 22: 142). Distribution in North America is limited to hosts of the genus Dendrocygna, order Anseriformes.
Acidoproctus maximus Piaget, 1878 Acidoproctus maximus Piaget, 1878. Tijdschr. Ent., 21: 183, pi. 12, figs. E and F. Akidoproctus kelloggi Carriker, 1902. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 10: 228, pi. 22, figs. 1 and 2. Acidoproctus hopkinsi Carriker, 1949. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 100: 379, figs. 44d-g. Acidoproctus hopkinsi mexicanus Carriker, 1954. Florida Ent., 37: 191, figs. 8 and 9. Type host; Dendrocygna arborea (Linnaeus)--West Indian Tree Duck. Other North American host: Dendrocygna autumnalis (Linnaeus)--Black-bellied Tree Duck. Acidoproctus rostratus (Rudow, 1866) Ornithobius rostratus Rudow, 1866. Z. ges. NatWiss. 27: 465. Acidoproctus marginatus Piaget, 1878. Tijdschr Ent. , 21: 181, pi. 12, fig. G. Type host: Dendrocygna viduata (Linnaeus). North American host: Dendrocygna bicolor (Vieillot)-- Fulvous Tree Duck. Genus ACUTIFRONS
Acutifrons Guimaraes, 1942. Pap. Avulsos Dept. Zool. S. Paulo, 2: 235. Type species: Acutifrons vierai Guimaraes, 1942.
Distribution of this genus is not well-known, but it appears to be found on some species of Falconiformes with a neotropical distribution.
Acutifrons mexicanus Emerson, 1966 Acutifrons mexicanus Emerson, 1966. Florida Ent., 49: 49, fig. 1. Type host; Caracara cheriway (Jacquin) -- Caracara.
Acutifrons orbiculatus Carriker, 1956 Acutifrons orbiculatus Carriker, 1956. Rev. Brasil. Ent., 5: 119, figs. 5-7. Type host: Buteo platypterus (Vieillot)--Broad-winged Hawk. Genus ANATICOLA
Anaticola Clay, 1936. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1936; 617. Type species: Esthiopterum crassicorne (Scopoli, 1763i.
No revision or comprehensive study of this genus is available. A comprehensive study might prove that the subspecies listed here are not valid. Each species of North American Anseriformes not listed is probably a host for species of this genus.
Anaticola anseris anseris (Linnaeus, 1758) Pediculus anseris Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., ed. 10: 612. Philopterus jejunus Nitzsch, 1818. Mag. Ent. Germar, 3: 292 (nn for P. anseris Linnaeus, 1758). Ornithobius anseris Gurit, 1842. Mag. ges. Thierheilk, 8: 426, pi. 4, figs. 12-13. Lipeurus bishoppi McGregor, 1717. Psyche, 24: 111, pi. 6, figs, 2 and 4. Esthiopterum anseris domestic! Wundrig, 1936. Zool. Jl>. Abt. 2, 62: 84, fig. 51. Type host: Domestic Goose.
Anaticola anseris serratus (Nitzsch, 1866) Lipeurus serratus Nitzsch, 1866. In Giebel, 2. ges. NatWiss., 28; 385. Type host: Anser albifrons (Scopoli)--White-fronted Goose.
Anaticola chaetodens Eichler, 1954 Anaticola chaetodens Eichler, 1954. Zool. Anz., 152; 33, fig. 2e. Type host: Dendrocygna bicolor (Vieillot)--Fulvous Tree Duck.
Anaticola crassicornis angustolimbatus (Giebel, 1866) Lipeurus angustolimbatus Giebel, 1866. Z. ges. NatWiss., 28: 386. Type host: Oidemia nigra (Linnaeus)--Common Scoter. Anaticola crassicornis clangulae (0. Fabricius, 1780) Pedicutus ctangulae 0. Fabricius, 1780, Fauna Groenlandica: 217. Type host: Bucephala islandica (Gmelin)--Barrow's Golden-eye.
Anaticola crassicornis constrictus (Kellogg, 1896) Lipeurus constrictus Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 125, pi. 8, figs. 7-8. Type host: Melanitta deglandi (Bonaparte)--White-winged Scoter or Melanitta perspicillata (Linnaeus)--Surf Scoter.
Anaticota crassicornis cornicephatus (Zavaleta, 1946) Esthiopterurn cornicephalum Zavaleta, 1946. Ann. Inst. Biol. Mex. 16; 445, fig. 1. Type host: Aythya affinis (Eyton)--Lesser Scaup.
Anaticola crassicornis crassicornis (Scopoli, 1763) Pediculus crassicornis Scopoli, 1763. Ent. Carniolica; 383. Pedicutus anatis Schrank, 1781. Enum. Ins. Austr. Indig.: 503. Pediculus anatis J. C. Fabricius, 1794. Ent. Syst. Suppl.: 571. Lipeurus squalidus Nitzsch, 1818. Mag. Ent. Gerrnar, 3: 292 (nn for P. anatis J. C. Fabricius, 1794). Anaticola zunkeri Keter, 1937. Arb. morph. tax. Ent. Berlin-Dahlem, 4: 318. Type host: Anas ptatyrhynchos Linnaeus--Mallard.
Anaticola crassicornis dafilensis Carriker, 1956 Anaticota dafilensis Carriker, 1956. Florida Ent., 39: 130, figs. 79-81. Type host: Anas acuta Linnaeus--Pintail.
Anaticola crassicornis depuratus (Nitzsch, 1866) Lipeurus depuratus Nitzsch, 1866, In Giebel, Z. ges. NatWiss., 28: 385. Type host: Anas strepera Linnaeus--Gadwall.
"Anaticola crassicornis frater" (Giebel, 1874) Lipeurus frater Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 242 (nee p. 210). Type host: Clangula hyena alis (Linnaeus)--Oldsquaw. Anaticota crassicornis fqligulae (T. Mttller, 1927) Lipeurus fuligulae T. Mliller, 1927. Ber. westpreuss. hot. -zool. Ver., 49: 23. Type host; Aythya ferina (Linnaeus)--Cominon Pochard.
"Anaticola crassicornis gracilis" (Giebel, 1874) Lipeurus gracilis Giebel, 1874 (nee Packard, 1870). Insecta Epizoa: 242. Type host: Somateria spectabilis (Linnaeus)--King Eider.
Anaticola crassicornis hopkinsi Eichler, 1954 Anaticola hopkinsi Eichler, 1954. Zool. Anz., 152: 33, fig. 2d. Type host: Spatula clypeata (Linnaeus)--Shoveller.
Anaticola crassicornis lepidotus (Rudow, 1869) Lipeurus lepidotus Rudow, 1869. Beitr. Kenntn. Malloph.: 36. Type host: Aix sponsa (Linnaeus)--Wood Duck.
Anaticola crassicornis mergiserrati (deGeer, 1778) Ricinus roergi-serrati deGeer, 1778. Mem. Hist. Inst*, 7: 78, pi. 4, fig. 13. Pediculus roergi J. C. Fabricius, 1781. Spec. Ins., 2: 480 (nn for R. mergi-serrati deGeer, 1778). Lipeurus temporalis Nitzsch, 1818. Mag. Ent. Gernaar, 3: 292 (nn for "R. mergi deGeer"). Type host: Mergus serrator Linnaeus--Red-breasted Merganser.
Anaticola crassicornis penelopes (T. MUller, 1927) Lipeurus penelopes T. MUller, 1927. Ber. westpreuss bot. -zool. Ver., 49: 25. Type host: Marcea penelope (Linnaeus)--European Widgeon.
Anaticola crassicornis punctulatus (Rudow, 1869) Lipeurus punctulatus Rudow, 1869. Beitr. Kenntn. Malloph.: 35. Type host: Melanitta fusca (Linnaeus)--Velvet Scoter.
10 Anaticola crassicornis rubromaculatus (Rudow, 1869) Lipeurus rubrornaculatus Rudow, 1869. Beitr. Kenntn. Malloph: 43. Type host: Somateria mollissima (Linnaeus)--Comrnon Eider.
Anaticola crassicornis sordidus (Giebel, 1866) Lipeurus sordidus Giebel, 1866. Z. ges. NatWiss., 28: 385. Columbicola ewingi Qadri, 1935. Zeitr. Parasit., ,8: 233, fig. 6. Type host: Anas crecca Linnaeus--Coinmon Teal.
"Anaticola pallidus" (Piaget, 1880) Lipeurus squalidus pallidqs Piaget, 1880 (nee Giebel, 1866). Les Pediculines: 346. Type host: Otor buccinator Richardson--Trumpeter Swan.
Anaticola phoenicopteri candidus (Rudow, 1869) Lipeurus Candidas Rudow, 1869. Beitr. Kenntn. Malloph.: 39. Type host: Phoenicopterus ruber Linnaeus--American Flamingo.
11 Genus ANATOECUS
Anatoecus Cummings, 1916. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1916: (>53. Type species: Anatoecus icterodes (Nitzsch, 1818).
Cereopsoecus Keler, I960. Zeitr. Parasit. , 20: 238. Type species: Cereopsoecus clavae Keler, I960.
Flamingobius Keler, I960. Zeitr. Parasit. , 20: 305. Type species: Docophorus pygaspis Nitzsch. 1866.
Benatoecus Ziotorzycka. 1970. Bull. Ent. Polon., 40: 10. Type species: Anatoecus dentatus (Scopoli, 1763).
For a recent study of this genus, see Keler, I960 (Zeitr. Parasit., 20: 207). Whether or not Anatoecus icterodes is a dimor- phic form of Anatoecus dentatus has not been settled satisfactorily. I believe that a comprehensive study will show that subspecies should not be recognized. The classification given here is from Keler and Ziotorzycka.
All species of Anseriformes from North America not listed are probable hosts for species of this genus.
Anatoecus cvgni bracteatus Keler, I960. Anatoecus cvgni bracteatus Keler, I960. Zeitr. Parasit., 20: 227. Type host: Cygnus cygnus (Linnaeus)--Whopper Swan.
Anatoecus cvgni cvgni (Penny. 1842) Docophorus cvgni Denny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit, : 46 and 95, pi. 1, fig. 1. Type host: Cvgrnus bewickii Tarrell. North American host: Olor buccinator Richardson-- Trumpeter Swan.
Anatoecus cvgni emersoni Keler, I960 Anatoecus cvgni emersoni Keler. I960. Zeitr. Parasit., 20: 233. Type host: Olor colombianus (Ord)--Whistling Swan.
12 Anatoecus dentatus abdominalis Ziotorzycka, 1970 Antaoecus dentatus abdominalis Ziotorzycka, 1970. Bull. Ent. Polon. , 40: 45; photograph 9. Type host: Anser fabalis Latham--Bean Goose.
Anatoecus dentatus affinis Keler, I960 Anatoecus denatatus affinis Keler, I960. Zeitr. Parasit. , 20:285. Type host: Aythya affinis (Eyton)--Lesser Scaup.
Anatoecus dentatus autumnalis Carriker, 1956 Anatoecus autumnalis Carriker, 1956. Florida Ent., 39: 126, figs. 73-75. Type host: Dendrocygna autumnalis (Linnaeus)--Black bellied Tree Duck.
Anatoecus dentatais brunneopygus (Mj6berg, 1910) Docophorus brunneopygus Mi6berg, 1910. Ark. Zool., 6: 130, fig. 73. Type host: Branta leucopsis (Bechstein)--Barnacle Goose.
Anatoecus dentatais clangulus Emerson, 1953 Anatoecus clangulus Emerson, 1953. J. Kansas Ent. Soc., 26: 136, figs. 7 and 9. Type host: Clangula hyemalis (Linnaeus)--Oldsquaw.
Anatoecus dentatus complicatais Ziotorzycka, 1970 Antoecus dentatus complicaturs Ziotorzycka, 1970. Bull. Ent. Polon., 40: 21, figs. 15-17. Type host: Mareca penelope (Linnaeus)--European Widgeon.
Anatoecus dentatus dentatus (Scopoli, 1763) Pediculus dentatus Scopoli, 1763. Ent. Carniolica: 383. Anatoecus dentatus cognatus Ziotorzycka, 1970. Bull. Ent. Polon., 40: 17, fig. 7. Type host: Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus --Mallard. Other North American host: Mergus merganser Linnaeus-- Common Merganser.
Anatoecus dentatus ferruginous (Giebel, 1874) Docophorus ferruginous Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 114. Type host: Spatula clypeata (Linnaeus)--Shoveller
13 Anatoecus dentatus fuligulae Keler. I960 Anatoecus dentatus fuligulae Keler. 1960. Zeitr. Parasit., 20: 280. Type host: Avthya fuligula (Linnaeus)--Tufted Duck.
Anatoecus dentatus gratus Ziotorzycka, 1970. Anatoecus dentatus gratus Ziotorzycka. 1970. Bull. Ent. Polon., 40: 35 and photograph 6. Type host; Bucephala clangula (Linnaeus I Common Goldeneye.
Anatoecus dentatus latiusculus Keler. I960 Anatoecus dentatus latiusculus Keler. I960. Zeitr. Parasit., 20: 293, fig. 12(13). Type host: Polvsticta stelleri (Pallas)--Steller's Eider.
Anatoecus dentatus longicephalus Ziotorzycka, 1970 Anatoecus dentatus longicephalus Ziotorzycka, 1970. Bull. Ent. Polon., 40: 19, figs. 10 and 11. Type host: Anas strepera Linnaeus--Gadwall.
Anatoecus dentatus magnicornutus Ziotorzycka. 1970 Anatoecus dentatus magnicornutus Ziotorzycka, 1970. Bull. Ent. Polon., 40:52, figs. 53 and 54 and photo- graph 11. Type host: Cvgnus olor Gmelin Mute Swan.
Anatoecus dentatus prehensus Ziotorzvcka. 1970 Anatoecus dentatus prehensus Ziotorzycka, 1970. Bull. Ent. Polon., 40: 27, fig. 22 and photograph 3. Type host: Anas crecca Linnaeus--Common Teal.
Anatoecus dentatus roesleri Eichler, 1946 Anatoecus dentatus roesleri Eichler, 1946. Tijdschr. Ent. 87: 76. Type host: Melanitta fusca (Linnaeus)--Velvet Scoter.
Anatoecus dentatus somateriae Keler, I960 Anatoecus dentatus somateriae Keler, I960. Zeitr. Parasit. 20: 291, figs. 12(11), 12(14), 40 and 47. Type host: Somateria mollissima (Linnaeus)-Common Eider.
14 Anatoecus icterodes adustus (Nitzsch, 1874) Docophorus adustus Nitzsch, 1874. In Giebel, Insecta Epizoa: 113. Type host: Domestic Goose.
Anatoecus icterodes bipunctatus (Giebel, 1874) Docophorus bipunctahis Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 116. Type host: Mergus merganser Linnaeus -- ComTOOn Merganser.
Anatoecus icterodes boschadis Keler. I960 Anatoecus icterodes boschadis Keler. I960. Zeitr. Parasit., 20: 253. Anatoecus icterodes discludus Ziotorzycka, 1970. Bull. Ent. Polon., 40: 15, figs. 5 and 6. Type host: Anas platyrhvnchos Linnaeus--Mallard.
Anatoecus icterodes brevimaculatus (Giebel. 1874) Docophorus brevimaculatus Giebel. 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 114. Type host: Answer albifrons (Scopoli)--White-fronted Goose.
Anatoecus icterodes dissensus Ziotorzycka, 1970 Anatoecus icterodes dissensus Ziotorzvcka. 1970. Bull. Ent. Polon., 40:33, fig. 30 and photographs 4 and 5. Type host: Bucephala clangula (I-iinnaeus)--Common Goldeneye.
Anatoecus icterodes difficilis Cummings, 1916 Anatoecus difficilis Cummings, 1916. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1916: 654 and 659. Type host: Aythya ferina (Linnaeus)--Common Pochard. Other North American host: Avthva americana (Eyton)-- Redhead.
Anatoecus icterodes eichleri Ziotorzvcka. 1970 Anatoecus icterodes eichleri Ziotorzycka. 1970. Bull. Etit. Polon., 40: 25, fig. 21 and photograph 2. Type host: Anas crecca Linnaeus -- Common Teal.
15 Anatoecus icterodes emersonianus Keler. 1961 Anatoecus icterodes emersoni Keler. 1960. Zeitr. Pansit., 20: 243 (ngs. p. 233) figs. 12(5) and 32. Anatoecus icterodes emersonianus Keler. 1961. Entomologist, 94: 257 (nn for A. icterodes emersoni Keler, I960). Type host: Chen hvperborea (Pallas)--Snow Goose.
Anatoecus icterodes icterodes (Nitzsch, 1818) Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch, 1818. Mag. Ent. Germar, 3: 290. Pediculus mergi Guerin. 1818 (nee J. C. Fabricius, 1781). In Bonaterre. Encyc. Method., pt. 24: 128, pi. 254, fig. 2. Nirmus fuligulae Penny. 1852. List Brit. Animals in Brit. Mus., pt. 2, Anoplura: 13 (fln.for^, icterodes Nitzsch, 1818). Type host: Mergus serrator Linnaeus--Red-breasted Merganser.
Anatoecus icterodes islandicus Ziotorzycka, 1970. Anatoecus icterodes islandicus Ziotorzvcka, 1970. Bull. Ent. Polon. . 40: 35, figs. 31 and 32. Type host: Bucephala islandica (Gmelin)--Barrow's Goldeneye.
Anatoecus icterodes marcui Keler, I960 Anatoecus icterodes marcui Keler. I960. Zeitr. Parasit., 20: 284. Type host: Avthva affinis (Evton)--Lesser Scaup.
Anatoecus icterodes mollissimae Keler. I960 Anatoecus icterodes mollissimae Keler. I960. Zeitr. Parasit., 20:289, fig. 12(12) and 28. Type host: Somateria mollissima (Linnaeus I Common Eider.
Anatoecus icterodes natatorum (Rudow. 1869) Docophorus natatorum Rudow. 1869. Beitr. Kenntn. Malloph. : 15. Type host: Clangula hvemalis (Linnaeus)--Old-squaw (see Keler, I960, Zeitr. Parasit., 20:286).
16 Anatoecus icterodes obtusus (Giebel, 1866) Docophorus obtusus Glebel, 1866. Z. gas. NatWiss. , 28: 363. Type host: Aythya fuligula (Linnaeus)--Tufted Duck.
Anatoecus icterodes oloris Ziotorzycka, 1970 Anatoecus icterodes oloris Ziotorzycka, 1970. Bull. Ent. Polon., 40: 50, fig. 48, and photograph 10. Type host: Cygnus olor (Gmelin)--Mute Swan.
Anatoecus icterodes pallidus Keler, I960 Anatoecus icterodes pallidus Keler, I960. Zeitr. Parasit., 20:246. Type host: Chen hyperborea (Pallas)--Snow Goose.
Anatoecus icterodes simplicatus Ziotorzycka, 1970. Anatoecus icterodes simplicatus Ziotorzycka, 1970. Bull. Ent. Polon., 40: 20, figs. 12-14. Type host; Mareca penelope (Linnaeus)--European Widgeon.
Anatoecus icterodes simillimus Keler, I960 Anatoecus icterodes simillimus Keler, I960. Zeitr. Parasit. , 20: 275, fig. 12(3). Type host: Aythya americana (Eyton)--Redhead.
Anatoecus icterodes solivagus Ziotorzycka, 1970 Anatoecus icterodes solivagus Ziotorzycka, 1970. Bull. Ent. Polon., 40: 18, figs, 8 and 9. Type host: Anas strepera Linnaeus --Gadwall.
Anatoecus icterodes tadornae Ziotorzycka, 1970 Anatoecus icterodes tadornae Ziotorzycka, 1970. Bull. Ent. Polon., 40: 48, figs. 46 and 47. Type host: Tadorna tadorna (Linnaeus )--Sheld Duck.
Anatoecus icterodes tendeiroi Keler, 1963 Anatoecus icterodes tendeiroi Keler, 1963. Zeitr. Parasit., 20.: 270. Type host: Spatula clypeata (Linnaeus)--Shoveller.
17 Anatoecus icterodes tergalis Ziotorzycka, 1970 Anatoecus icterodes tergalis Ziotorzycka, 1970. Pull. Ent. Polon., 40; 44, and photographs 7 and 8. Type host: Answer fabalis Latharn--Bean Goose.
Anatoecus keleri Clay, 1962 Anatoecus keleri Clay, 1962. Ent. Berichten, 22: 222, figs. 1-5. Type host: Phoenicopterus ruber Linnaeus--American Flamingo.
Anatoecus penicillatus Keler, I960 Anatoecus penicillatus Keler, I960. Zeitr. Parasit., 20: 235, fig. 43. Type host: Cygnus olor (Gmelin)--Mute Swan.
18 Genus AQUANIRMUS
Aquanirmus Clay and Meinertzhagen, 1939. Entomologist, 72: 163. Type species: Degeeriella runcinata (Nitzsch, 1866).
For a study of this genus, see Edwards, 1965 (Canad. Ent., 97: 920). All probable North American species are listed.
Aquanirmus americanus (Kellogg and Chapman, 1899) Nirmus fuscomarginatus americanus Kellogg and Chapman, 1899. Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 69. pi. 5, fig. 9. Type host: Podiceps caspicus (Hablizi)- -Eared Grebe.
Aq[uanirmus bahi chamberlini Edwards, 1965 Aquanirmus bahi chamberlini Edwards, 1965. Canad. Ent., 97; 931, figs. 2 and 4. Type host: Podiocephalus dominicus (Linnaeus)-- Least Grebe.
Aquanirmus bucomfishi Edwards, 1965 Aquanirmus bucomfishi Edwards, 1965. Canad. Ent., 97: 931, figs. 1, 2 and 4. Type host: Podiceps auritus Linnaeus--Horned Grebe.
Aquanirmus emersoni Edwards, 1965 Aquanirmus emersoni Edwards, 1965. Canad. Ent., 97: 928, figs. 2, 3 and 4. Type host: Podiceps grisegena (Boddaert)--Red-necked Grebe.
Aquanirmus occidentalis Edwards, 1965. Aquanirmus occidentalis Edwards, 1965. Canad. Ent,, 97: 928, figs. 2, 4 and 5. Type host: Aechmophorus occidentatis (Lawrence)-- "Western Grebe.
19 Aquanirmus podilymbus Edwards, 1965 Aquanirmus podilymbus Edwards, 1965. Canad. Ent., 97: 928, figs, 2 and 4. Type host; Podilymbus podiceps (Linnaeus)--Pied- billed Grebe.
20 Genus ARDEICOLA
Ardeicola Clay, 1936. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1936: 615. Type species; Esthiopterum ardeae (Linnaeus, 1758).
For a study of this genus, see Tuff, 1967 (J. Kansas Ent. Soc., 40: Z41). The only North American host for which no data are available is: Ardea occidentalis Audubon--Great White Heron.
Ardeicola ajajae Carriker, I960 Ardeicola plataleae ajajae Carriker, 1960. Nov. Cien. Mus. Hist. Nat. LaSalle, No. 28: 50, fig. 51-53. Type host: Ajaia ajaja (Linnaeus (--Roseate Spoonbill.
Ardeicola ardeae (Linnaeus, 1758) Pediculus ardeae Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., ed. 10: 613. Lipeurus obtusus Stephens, 1829. Cat. Brit. Ins., 2: 332. Lipeurus leucopygus Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent. , 2: 434. Lipeurus phoenicopteri Macatister, 1871. Quart. J. Micr. Sci. (n.s.), 11: 163, fig. Lipeurus modestus Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 233. Type host: Ardea cinerea Linnaeus--Gray Heron.
Ardeicola botauri (Osborn, 1896) Lipeurus botauri Osborn, 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (n.s.), 5: 234. Type host: Botaurus lentiginosus (Rackett)--American Bittern.
Ardeicola celeris Tuff, 1967 Ardeicola celeris Tuff, 1967. J. Kansas Ent. Soc., 40: 253, figs. 23-25. Type host; Ixobrychus exilis (Gmelin)- -Least Bittern,
Ardeicola cruscula Carriker, I960 Ardeicola cruscula Carriker, I960. Novedades Colombianas, 1 (5): 318, fig. 1. Type host: Ardea herodias Linnaeus--Great Blue Heron.
21 Ardeicola elongata Carriker, I960 Ardeicola elongata Carriker, I960. Novedades Colom- bianas, 1 (5): 321, fig. 8 Type host: Eudocimus albus (Linnaeus)--White Ibis.
Ardeicola expallidus Blagoveshtchensky, 1940 Ardeicola expallidus Blagoveshtchensky, 1940. Mag. Parasit., Leningr., 8: 69 and 88, fig. 21. Ardeicola gaibagia Ansari, 1947. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India, 13: 256, fig. 1. Ardeieola albulus Eichler, 1948. Vogel der Heimat., no. 6: 107, figs. 2-3. Type host: Egretta garzetta (Linnaeus)--Little Egret. Other North American hosts: Bubulcus ibis Linnaeus--Cattle Egret. Casmerodius albus (Linnaeus)--Common Egret. Leucophoyx thula (Molina)--Snowy Egret.
Ardeicola florida florida Carriker, I960 Ardeicola florida Carriker, I960. Novedades Colombianas, 1 (5): 318, fig. 2. Type host: Florida caerulea (Linnaeus)--Little Blue Heron.
Ardeicola florida nigra Tuff. 1967 Ardeicola florida nigra Tuff, 1967. J. Kansas Ent. Soc., 40: 256, figs. 32-33. Type host: Dichromanassa rufescens (Gmelin)--Reddish Egret. Other North American hosts: Hydranassa tricolor (Muller)--Louisiana Heron. Butorides virescens (Linnaeus)- -Green Heron.
Ardeicola goisagi Uchida, 1953 Ardeicola goisagi Uchida, 1953, Iconographia Insectorum Japonicorum, Tokyo: 109, fig. 269. Type host: Nycticorax nvcticorax (Linnaeus)--Black- crowned Night Heron.
22 Ardeicola gracilentus (Piaget, 1890) Lipeurus angustissimus Giebel, 1874 (nee 1866). Insecta Epizoa: 229. Lipeurus gracilentus Piaget, 1890. Tijdschr. Ent. , 33: 244, pi. 9, fig. 7. Type host: Eudocimus rubra (Linnaeus)--Scarlet Ibis.
Ardeicola loculator (Giebel, 1874) Lipeurus linearis Rudow, 1869 (nee Nitzsch, 1866). Beitr. Kenntn. Malloph. : 35. Lipeurus loculator Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 228. Type host: Mycteria americana Linnaeus--Wood Ibis.
Ardeicola nyctanassa Tuff, 1967 Ardeicola nyctanassa Tuff, 1967. J. Kansas Ent. Soc. , 40: 258, figs. 37-39. Type host: Nyctanassa violacea (Linnaeus) --Yellow - crowned Night Heron.
Ardeicola plataleae (Linnaeus, 1758) Pediculus plataleae Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10: 613. Lipeurus platalearum Giebel, 1866. Z. gas. NatWiss. , 28: 384. Type host: Platalea leucorodia Linnaeus--White Spoonbill.
Ardeicola rhaphidius (Nitzsch, 1866) Lipeurus rhaphidius Nitzsch, 1866. In Giebel. Z. ges. NatWiss., 28: 384. Lipeurus argentinus Kellogg, 1906. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 14: 46, pi. 2, fig. 2. Ardeicola guaraunae Eichler, 1943. Mem. Estud. Mus. Coimbra, no. 140: 1, fig. 1. Ardeicola hoactii Carriker, I960. No-vedades Colomblanas, 1 (5): 319, fig. 3. Type host: Plegadis falcinellus (Linnaeus)--Glossy Ibis. Other North American host: Plegadis chihi (Vieillot)-- White-faced Ibis.
Ardeicola robusta Tuff, 1967 Ardeicola robusta Tuff, 1967. J. Kansas Ent. Soc., 40: 247, figs. 9-12. Type host: Eudocimus albus (Linnaeus) --White Ibis.
23 Genus BK&ELIA
BrUelia Keler, 1936. Arb. morph. - tax. Ent. Berlin- Dahlem, 3: 257. Type species: BrUelia rossittensis Keler, 1936 (A synonym of Nirmus brachythorox Giebel, 1874).
Meropsiella Conci, 1941. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital., 73: 104. Type species: Nirmus apiastri Denny, 1842.
Corvonirmus Eicher, 1944. Stettin. Ent. Ztg., 105: 81. Type species: Nirmus uncinosus Burmeister, 1838.
Painjunirmus Ansari, 1947. Proc. Nat. Inst, Sci. India, 13: 285. Type species: Painjunirmus pengya Ansari, 1947.
Traihoriella Ansari, 1947., Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India, 13: 290. Type species: Traihoriella punjabensis Ansari, 1947.
Guimaraesiella Eichler, 1949. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital., 79: 11. Type species: Docophorus subalbicans Piaget, 1885 (A synonym of Docophorus papulanus Giebel, 1879).
Xobugirado Eichler, 1949. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital., 79: 13. Type species; Nirmus submarginellus Nitzsch, 1866 (A synonym of Nirmus menuraelyrae Coinde, 1859).
AllobrUelia Eichler, 1951. In Forschung und Praxis, Bedeutung der Vogelwelt, Berlin: 36. Type species: Allobruelia amsel Eichler, 1951
Turdinirmus Eichler, 1951. In Forschung und Praxis, Bedeutung der Vogelwelt, Berlin: 36. Type species: Nirmus merulensis Penny, 1842.
Hirundiniella Carriker, 1963. Rev. Brasil. Biol., 23: 312. Type .species: Hirundiniella cruscula Carriker, 1963.
24 Olivinirmus Ziotorzycka, 1964. Acta Parasit. Polon., 12: 246. Type species: Nirmus glandarii Penny, 1842.
Maculinirmus Ziotorzycka, 1964. Acta Parasit. Polon., 12: 246. Type species: Nirmus mundus Nitzsch, 1866.
Nigronirmus Ziotorzycka, 1964. ActaParasit. Polon., 12: 248. Type species: Nirmus limbatus Burmeister, 1838.
Spironirmus Ziotorzycka, 1964. Acta Parasit. Polon., 12: 261. Type species: Nirmus nebulosa Burmeister, 1838.
Allonirmus Ziotorzycka, 1964. Acta Parasit. Polon., 12: 263. Type species: Nirmus tristis Giebel, 1874.
No comprehensive review of this genus is available. See Ansari, 1956 and 1957 (Bull. Brit. Mus. (N.H.), Ent., 4: 371 and 5: 145) for an excellent revision of the species found on Corvidae.
Brueelia abrupta (Osborn, 1896) Nirmui abruptus (Osborn, 1896. Bull. U. S. Bur. Ent. (N.S.), 5: 229), pi. 2, fig. c. Type host: Unknown, but probably a species of Icteridae from North America.
Brueelia afzali Ansari. 1957
Brueelia afzali Ansari. Bull. ' 1957. Brit. Mus. .(N.H.), "Ent., 5: 154, figs. 14, 36-37, and 83-87. Type host: Corvus cryptoleucus Couch--White-necked Raven.
Brueelia. amsel Eichler, 1951. Brueelia amsel Eichler, 1951. In Forschung und Paraxis. Bedeutung der Vogelwelt: 37. Type host: Turdus merula Linnaeus Blackbird.
25 Brueelia angulata (Piaget, 188.0) Nirmus angulatus Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 134, pi, 11, fig. 4. Type host; Unknown.
Brueelia angustifrons (Carriker, 1902) Nirmus angustifrons Carriker, 1902. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 10: 221, pi. 21, fig. 2. Type host: Chondestes grammacus (Say)--Lark Sparrow.
Brueelia aj^ula (Burmeister. .18.38) . Nirmus argulus Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent., 2: 430. Type host: Corvus corax Linnaeus --Comm on Raven.
Brueelia audax fKellogg. 1899) ' "Nirmus' audax Kellogg, 1899. Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 25, pi. 2, fig. 8. Type host: Auriparus flaviceps Sundeval--Verdin.
Brueelia biocellata '(Piaget, '1880). Nirmus biocellatus Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 666, pi, 55, fig. 2. Nirmus biocellatus nigropictus Carriker, 1902. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 10: 219, pi. 21, fig. 1. Type host: Pica pica (Linnaeus)--Black-billed Magpie. Other North American host: Pica nuttalli (Audubon)-- Yellow-billed Magpie.
Brueelia brachythorax (Giebel, 1874) Nirmus brachythorax Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 134. Bruelia rossittensis Keler, 1936. Arhi morpb. tax. Ent. Berlin-Dahlem, 3: 257, fig. 1. Type host: Bomby cilia garrulus (Linnaeus)--Bohemian Waxwing.
Brueelia brevrpes fpiaget.' 1880) -Nirmus brevipes Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 179, pi. 15, fig-T Type host; Unknown, but probably a spedes of Hirundinidae.
26 BrnaaUa cedrorum (Piaget, 1880) Nirmus brachythorax cedrorum Piaget, 1880. Les Pediculines: 151, pi. 12, fig. 2. Type host: Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot"-Cedar Waxwing.
Brueelia clayae Ansari, 1956 'BrUelia clayae Ansari, 1956. Bull. Brit. Mus. (N.H.) Ent. 4; 375, figs. 7-13. Type host; Cyanocitta cristata (Linnaeiis)--Blue Jay.
Brueelia corydalla Tirnmermann, 1950 BrUelia corydalla Timmermann, 1950. Fauna Is landica, 1: 5, fig. 3 (right). Type host: Anthus pratensis (Linnaeus)--Meadow Pipit.
Brueelia cryptoleucus Ansari, 1957 BrUelia cryptoleucus Ansari, 1957. Bull. Brit. Mus. (N.H.), Ent., 5: 164, figs. 19, 45-47, and 105-108. Type host: Corvus cryptoleucus Couch--White-necked Raven.
Brueelia cyclotnorax (Burmeister, 1838) Nirmus cyclothorax Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent., 2: 429. Type host: Passer montanus (Linnaeus)--European Tree Sparrow or Fringilla montifringilla Linnaeus-- Brambling. (Common usage has been to use this name for the form found on Passer montanus (Linnaeus).
Brueelia deficiens (Piaget. 18-85) . . Nirmus deficiens Piaget, 1885. Les Pediculines, Supplement: 23, pi. 3, fig. 3. Nirmus ampullatus Piaget, 1885. Les Pediculines, Supplement: 25, pi. 3, fig. 4. Type host; Cyanopica cyanus (Pallas). North American hosts: Cyanocitta stelleri (Gmelin)--Steller's Jay. Aphelocoma coerulescens (Bosc)--Scrub Jay.
27 Brueelia densilimba (Nitzsch. 1866) Nirinus densilimbus Nitzsch, 1866. In Giebel, Z. ges. NatWiss., 28: 368. Type host: Carduelis carduelis (Linnaeus)--European Goldfinch.
Brueelia domes tica-fKellogg and Chani-qan- 1899) Nirmus longus domesticus Kellogg and Chapman, 1899. Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 93. Type host: Hirunde rustica Linnaeus--Barn Swallow.
Brueelia ductilis (Kellogg and Chapniann, 1899) Nirmus ductilis Kellogg and Chapman, 1899. Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 89, pi. 6, fig. 8. Type host: Empidonax difficilis Baird--Western Flycatcher.
Brueelia eustigma (Kellogg, 189.6). Nirmus eustigmus Kellogg, 1896. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 6: 493, pi. 67, fig. 3. Type host: Unknown, except that it occurs in North America (See Carriker, 1957, Microentomology, 22: 100).
Srueelia glizi'Balat, 1955 BrUelia glizi Bala't, 1955. Prace Brn. Zakl. Ceskosl. Acad. Ved., 27: 509, fig. 5. Type host; Fringilla montifringilla Linnaeus--Brambling.
Brueelia gonio'cofes (Piaget, 1885) Nirmus^ goniocotes Piaget, 1885. Les Pediculines, Supplement: 33, pi. 4, fig. 3. Type host: Unknown.
Brueelia gracilis (Burmeister. 1838). Nirmus gracilis Burmeister, 1838. Handb. Ent., 2: 429. Nirmus elongatqs Denny, 1842 (nee Olfers, 1816). Mon. Anopl. Brit.; 53 and 140, pi. 7, fig. 4. Type host: Detichon urbica. (Linnaeus)--House Martin.
28 Brueelia hamatofasciata {'Piaget, 1890) Pocophorus hamatofasciatus Piaget, 1890. Tijdschr. Ent. , 33: 225, pi. 8, fig. 3. Type host: Unknown, but probably a species of Cor-vidae.
Brueelia hopkmsi
' Ansari, 1956.. ""BrU'eiia hopkinsi Ansar'i, '1956. Bull. Brit. Mus. (N. H.) Ent., 4: 379, figs. 21-27. Type host: Cyanocorax yncas (Boddaert)--Green Jay.
Brueelia iliaci brevicolor Ansari, 1956 BrUelia iliaci brevicolor Ansari, 1956. Biologia, 2: 110, figs.-8-13. .i Type host: Turdus migratorius Linnaeus--Robin.
(Penny. Brueelia iliaci .184.2)..... _ Nirmus iliaci Penny, 1842. Mon. Anopl. Brit.: 51 and ' 130, pi/ 9, -fig. 4. Brttelia inornata Timmermann, 1950. Fauna Islandica, " 1: 3, fig. 3 (left). Type host: Turdus music us Linnaeus--Red-wing.
BrueeUa_immaculata' (Pia^et^ 189P). Nirmus immaculatus Piaget, 1890. Tijdschr. Ent., 33: 230, pi. 8, fig. 7. Type host: Unknown,
Brueelia impdnderabilica E ichler, 19.5 4 BrUelia imponderabilica Eichler, 1954. Nach. Nat. Mus. 'Aschaffenburg, 42: 61, pi. 11, fig. 3. Type host: Lanius excubitor Linnaeus--Northern Shrike.
Brueelia infrequens (Carriker, 1.902.) . Nirmus infrequens Carriker, 1902. J. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 10: 220, pi. 20, fig. 3, Type host: Calcarius lapponicus (Linnaeus)--Lapland Long spur.
Brueejja interposita (Kellogg. 1899) '"~Nirmus interpositus Kellogg, 1899. Occ. Pap. Calif. "Acad. Sci., 6: 23, pi. 2, fig. 7. Type host: Pendroica petechia (Linnaeus)--Yellow Warbler. (See Carriker, 1957, Microentomology, 22: 101), 29 Brueelia junp (Giebel. 1874) Nirmus juno Giebel, 1874. Insecta Epizoa: 137. Type host; Coccothraustes coccothrastes (Linnaeus)-- Hawfinch.