Eastern Equatoria State
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Conflict and Crisis in South Sudan's Equatoria
SPECIAL REPORT NO. 493 | APRIL 2021 UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE www.usip.org Conflict and Crisis in South Sudan’s Equatoria By Alan Boswell Contents Introduction ...................................3 Descent into War ..........................4 Key Actors and Interests ............ 9 Conclusion and Recommendations ...................... 16 Thomas Cirillo, leader of the Equatoria-based National Salvation Front militia, addresses the media in Rome on November 2, 2019. (Photo by Andrew Medichini/AP) Summary • In 2016, South Sudan’s war expand- Equatorians—a collection of diverse South Sudan’s transitional period. ed explosively into the country’s minority ethnic groups—are fighting • On a national level, conflict resolu- southern region, Equatoria, trig- for more autonomy, local or regional, tion should pursue shared sover- gering a major refugee crisis. Even and a remedy to what is perceived eignty among South Sudan’s con- after the 2018 peace deal, parts of as (primarily) Dinka hegemony. stituencies and regions, beyond Equatoria continue to be active hot • Equatorian elites lack the external power sharing among elites. To spots for national conflict. support to viably pursue their ob- resolve underlying grievances, the • The war in Equatoria does not fit jectives through violence. The gov- political process should be expand- neatly into the simplified narratives ernment in Juba, meanwhile, lacks ed to include consultations with of South Sudan’s war as a power the capacity and local legitimacy to local community leaders. The con- struggle for the center; nor will it be definitively stamp out the rebellion. stitutional reform process of South addressed by peacebuilding strate- Both sides should pursue a nego- Sudan’s current transitional period gies built off those precepts. -
Cholera Situation Analysis and Hotspot Mapping in South Sudan
GTFCC Meeting for the Working Groups on CHOLERA SITUATION ANALYSIS Surveillance AND HOTSPOT MAPPING IN (Epidemiology and Laboratory) (15th to 17th SOUTH SUDAN March 2019) BACKGROUN D 1. South Sudan borders Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Sudan, DR Congo, & CAR 2. Got independence in 2011 3. Protracted Grade 3 crisis since 2013 (situation improving since Sept 2018) 4. Severe food insecurity – 7.1million (63% of population) – 45,000 faced with famine 5. 1.87 million IDPs & 2.27million refugees to neighboring countries 1. Multisectoral taskforce in place chaired by MoH with the other sectors (Water & COORDINATION OF Humanitarian Affairs) and partners (Health + WASH) CHOLERA CONTROL clusters as members 2. Draft National Cholera Control Plan pending WASH assessment & stakeholder review/costing 3. Implemented preventive OCV campaigns since 2017 (2.9 million doses approved 27/Mar/2019) 4. Sub-optimal involvement of other sectors and WASH in OCV preventive campaigns CHOLERA IN SOUTH 1. South Sudan endemic for SUDANcholera 2. Since the 2013 crisis onset – cholera outbreaks – 2014 - 2017 3. Between 2014-2017 at least 28,676 cases & 644 deaths reported 4. All outbreaks started in Juba 5. Cases reported along River Nile, cattle camps, IDPs, islands, & Commercial hubs 1600 Cholera cases in South Sudan, 2014 s e s a 1200 Cholera cases in South Sudan, 2014 s c e f s a o 2014 c f r 800 o 2014 e 1000 r e b b m 400 m CHOLERA IN u u N N 0 0 1 3 5 7 9 111315171921232527293133353739414345474951 1 3 5 7 9 111315171921232527293133353739414345474951 Week of onset Week of onset 1900 Cholera cases in South Sudan, 2015 s e s SOUTH a c 1600 Cholera cases in South Sudan, 2015 f o s r 900 e e 2015 b s m a 1200 u c N f o -100 r 800 1 3 5 7 9 111315171921232527293133353739414345474951 SUDAN e 2015 Week of onset b m 400 u Cholera cases in South Sudan, 2016 s N e 1600 s a 0 c f 1200 1. -
South Sudan Corridor Diagnostic Study and Action Plan
South Sudan Corridor Diagnostic Study and Action Plan Final Report September 2012 This publication was produced by Nathan Associates Inc. for review by the United States Agency for International Development under the USAID Worldwide Trade Capacity Building (TCBoost) Project. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the author or authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States government. South Sudan Corridor Diagnostic Study and Action Plan Final Report SUBMITTED UNDER Contract No. EEM-I-00-07-00009-00, Order No. 2 SUBMITTED TO Mark Sorensen USAID/South Sudan Cory O’Hara USAID EGAT/EG Office SUBMITTED BY Nathan Associates Inc 2101 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1200 Arlington, Virginia 22201 703.516.7700 [email protected] [email protected] DISCLAIMER This document is made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Its contents are the sole responsibility of the author or authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Contents Acronyms v Executive Summary vii 1. Introduction 1 Study Scope 1 Report Organization 3 2. Corridor Infrastructure 5 South Sudan Corridor Existing Infrastructure and Condition 5 3. Corridor Performance 19 Performance Data: Nodes and Links 19 Overview of South Sudan Corridor Performance 25 South Sudan Corridor Cost and Time Composition 26 Interpretation of Results for South Sudan Corridor 29 4. Legal and Regulatory Framework 33 Overview of Legal System 33 National Transport Policy 36 Transport Legal and Regulatory Framework Analysis 40 Customs and Taxation: Legal and Regulatory Framework Analysis 53 5. -
LC SS 706 A1 EEQ 20130301.Pdf
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Project Information Document (Pid) Concept Stage
PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) CONCEPT STAGE Report No.: PIDC446 Public Disclosure Authorized Project Name South Sudan- Eastern Africa Regional Transport , Trade and Development Facilitation Program (Phase One) (P131426) Region AFRICA Public Disclosure Copy Country Africa Sector(s) Rural and Inter-Urban Roads and Highways (60%), Public administration- Transportation (20%), General industry and trade sector (20%) Theme(s) Trade facilitation and market access (70%), Regional integration (30%) Lending Instrument Investment Project Financing Project ID P131426 Borrower(s) Ministry of Finance, Commerce and Economic Planning, Ministry of Public Disclosure Authorized Finance Implementing Agency Ministry of Transport, Roads and Bridges, Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure Environmental B-Partial Assessment Category Date PID Prepared/ 29-Aug-2013 Updated Date PID Approved/ 03-Sep-2013 Disclosed Estimated Date of 30-Sep-2013 Appraisal Completion Public Disclosure Authorized Estimated Date of 30-Jan-2014 Board Approval Concept Review Track II - The review did authorize the preparation to continue Public Disclosure Copy Decision I. Introduction and Context Country Context Deepening regional integration – economic opportunity for South Sudan & neighbors 1. The countries in the Eastern Africa sub-region, including Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, Ethiopia, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and South Sudan recorded an average annual economic growth rate of about 5 percent over the last decade. The sub- Public Disclosure Authorized -
Water for Eastern Equatoria (W4EE)
Water for Eastern Equatoria (W4EE) he first integrated water resource management (IWRM) project of its kind in South Sudan, Water Water for Eastern for Eastern Equatoria (W4EE) was launched in Components 2013 as part of the broader bilateral water Tprogramme funded through the Dutch Multiannual Equatoria (W4EE) Strategic Plan for South Sudan (2012–2015). W4EE focuses on three interrelated From the very beginning, W4EE was planned as a pilot components: IWRM programme in the Torit and Kapoeta States of The role of integrated water resource manage- Eastern Equatoria focusing on holistic management of the ment in fostering resilience, delivering economic Kenneti catchment, conflict-sensitive oversight of water Component 1: Integrated water resource management of the development, improving health, and promoting for productive use such as livestock and farming, and Kenneti catchment and surrounds peace in a long-term process. improved access to safe drinking water as well as sanitati- on and hygiene. The goal has always been to replicate key Component 2: Conflict-sensitive management of water for learnings and best practice in other parts of South Sudan. productive use contributes to increased, sustained productivity, value addition in agriculture, horticulture, and livestock The Kenneti catchment is very important to the Eastern Equatoria region for economic, social, and biodiversity reasons. The river has hydropower potential, supports the Component 3: Safely managed and climate-resilient drinking livelihoods of thousands of households, and the surroun- water services and improved sanitation and hygiene are available, ding area hosts a national park with forests and wetlands operated and maintained in a sustainable manner. as well as wild animals and migratory birds. -
Sustaining Relative Peace
Sustaining Relative Peace PAX and the cross-border peace network’s support for human security among pastoralist communities in the borderlands of Kenya, South Sudan and Uganda www.paxforpeace.nl Colophon By Lotje de Vries and Laura Wunder PAX: Eva Gerritse and Sara Ketelaar July 2017 ISBN: 978-94-92487-16-2 NUR 689 PAX serial number: PAX/2017/08 Photo cover: Inter-community peace dialogue in Kotido, Uganda. Photo credit: Eva Gerritse About PAX PAX works with committed citizens and partners to protect civilians against acts of war, to end armed violence, and to build just peace. PAX operates independently of political interests. www.paxforpeace.nl / P.O. Box 19318 / 3501 DH Utrecht, The Netherlands / [email protected] cross-border peace network. In this report we do not deal with the two programmes separately, but we do want to acknowledge here the important work that our partner the Justice and Peace Preface coordinator of the Diocese of Torit has been doing in the training of Boma councils in Budi, Ikwoto and Torit counties in former Eastern Equatoria State. Secondly, the description in the report of the current conflict dynamics is based on the situation as it was up until June 2016. Sadly, in July 2016, two weeks after the meeting in Naivasha and Kapoeta, violence broke out again in Juba, South Sudan, quickly spreading to the rest of the country and this time also greatly affecting the southern part of the country, the Equatorias. The war in the country and consequent violence, which is still ongoing, had major repercussions for the communities, especially in the western counties of former Eastern Equatoria State. -
Final Resettlement Action Plan Report
Public Disclosure Authorized Upgrading of the NADAPAL-JUBA ROAD Public Disclosure Authorized from Gravel to Paved (Bitumen) Standards FINAL RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized Issued on: November 6th, 2013 EMPLOYER: Ministry of Transport, Roads and Bridges, Government of Republic of South Sudan CONSULTANT: Public Disclosure Authorized SMEC INTERNATIONAL PTY LIMITED, AUSTRALIA REVISED BY: Ing. MRS. RITA OHENE SARFOH i | P a g e Table of Contents List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................. vi List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................ vi Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................. vii Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 The Statements of Objectives........................................................................................................ 2 1.3 Brief Description -
Distribution of Ethnic Groups in Southern Sudan Exact Representationw Ohf Iteh En Isleituation Ins Tehnen Acrountry
Ethnic boundaries shown on this map are not an Distribution of Ethnic Groups in Southern Sudan exact representationW ohf iteh eN isleituation inS tehnen aCrountry. The administrative units and their names shown on this map do not imply White acceptance or recognition by the Government of Southern Sudan. Blue ") State Capitals This map aims only to support the work of the Humanitarian Community. Nile Renk Nile Sudan Renk Admin. Units County Level Southern Darfur Southern Shilluk Berta Admin. Units State Level Kordofan Manyo Berta Country Boundary Manyo Melut International Boundaries Shilluk Maban Sudan Fashoda Dinka (Abiliang) Abyei Pariang Upper Nile Burum Malakal Data Sources: National and State Dinka (Ruweng) ") boundaries based on Russian Sudan Malakal Baliet Abiemnhom Panyikang Map Series, 1:200k, 1970-ties. Rubkona Guit County Boundaries digitized based on Aweil North Statistical Yearbook 2009 Aweil East Twic Mayom ") Nuer (Jikany) Canal (Khor Fulus) Longochuk Southern Sudan Commission for Census, Dinka (Twic WS) Nuer (Bul) Statistics and Evaluation - SSCCSE. Fangak Dinka (Padeng) Digitized by IMU OCHA Southern Sudan Aweil West Dinka (Malual) Nuer (Lek) Gogrial East Unity Nuer (Jikany) Northern Bahr el Ghazal ") Luakpiny/Nasir Aweil Maiwut Aweil South Raga Koch Gogrial West Nuer (Jegai) Nyirol Ulang Nuer (Gawaar) Aweil Centre Warrap ") Tonj North Ayod Kwajok Mayendit Leer Dinka (Rek) Fertit Chad Nuer (Adok) Nuer (Lou) Jur Chol Tonj East ") Wau Akobo Western Bahr el Ghazal Nuer (Nyong) Dinka (Hol) Uror Duk Jur River Rumbek North Panyijar -
Symptoms and Causes: Insecurity and Underdevelopment in Eastern
sudanHuman Security Baseline Assessment issue brief Small Arms Survey Number 16 April 2010 Symptoms and causes Insecurity and underdevelopment in Eastern Equatoria astern Equatoria state (EES) is The survey was supplemented by qual- 24,789 (± 965) households in the one of the most volatile and itative interviews and focus group three counties contain at least one E conflict-prone states in South- discussions with key stakeholders in firearm. ern Sudan. An epicentre of the civil EES and Juba in January 2010. Respondents cited traditional lead- war (1983–2005), EES saw intense Key findings include: ers (clan elders and village chiefs) fighting between the Sudanese Armed as the primary security providers Across the entire sample, respond- Forces (SAF) and the Sudan People’s in their areas (90 per cent), followed ents ranked education and access Liberation Army (SPLA), as well by neighbours (48 per cent) and reli- to adequate health care as their numerous armed groups supported gious leaders (38 per cent). Police most pressing concerns, followed by both sides, leaving behind a legacy presence was only cited by 27 per by clean water. Food was also a top of landmines and unexploded ordnance, cent of respondents and the SPLA concern in Torit and Ikotos. Security high numbers of weapons in civilian by even fewer (6 per cent). ranked at or near the bottom of hands, and shattered social and com- Attitudes towards disarmament overall concerns in all counties. munity relations. were positive, with around 68 per When asked about their greatest EES has also experienced chronic cent of the total sample reporting a security concerns, respondents in food insecurity, a lack of basic services, willingness to give up their firearms, Torit and Ikotos cited cattle rustling, and few economic opportunities. -
Supporting Private Business Growth in African Fragile States
Center for Development Global Supporting Private Business Growth in African States Fragile Leo, Ramachandran, and Thuotte and Ramachandran, Leo, Supporting Private Business Growth in African Fragile States A Guiding Framework for the World Bank Group in South Sudan and Other Nations CGD Benjamin Leo, Vijaya Ramachandran, and Ross Thuotte ISBN 978-1-933286-68-6 For an electronic version of this report, visit www.cgdev.org. Center for Development Global Supporting Private Business Growth in African Fragile States A Guiding Framework for the World Bank Group in South Sudan and Other Nations Benjamin Leo, Vijaya Ramachandran, and Ross Thuotte Copyright © 2012 by the Center for Global Development ISBN 978-1-933286-68-6 Cover photo: United Nations Environment Programme. Editing, design, and production by Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C., and Peter Grundy Art & Design, London. The Center for Global Development is grateful for contributions from the Royal Danish Embassy in support of this work. About the authors The authors would like thank the Government of Denmark for Benjamin Leo is a former Research Fellow at the Center for generous financial support. We are also grateful to James Emery Global Development and is currently Global Policy Director at for his detailed reading of several drafts and his comments on our the ONE Campaign. Vijaya Ramachandran is a Senior Fellow at interpretation of the IFC data. In addition, Alan Gelb, Alvaro the Center for Global Development. Ross Thuotte is a Research Gonzalez, Charles Kenny, Todd Moss, and Gaiv Tata provided Assistant at the Center for Global Development. extensive comments on various drafts of this report, and we would like to thank them for their efforts. -
Cross Border Intervention for Refugees Returnees and South Sudanese Host Community, Palabek Camp Lamwo District and Ikotos County)
Cross-border Refugees-Returnees Need Assessment (Palabek Camp Lamwo District and Ikotos County) Photo: Returnees Children footing to Ikotos Town Papa John Martin Sebastian Monitoring & Evaluation Officer, AVSI-Foundation South Sudan. Contact: Email address: [email protected] Mobile Phone: +211929840006 Skype: papajohnmartin30 Ikotos County, Torit State ICRROSS (Cross border intervention for Refugees Returnees and South Sudanese Host Community, Palabek Camp Lamwo District and Ikotos County) 1 Table of Context I. ACRONYMS: ……………………………………………………………………………….…………………. 2 II. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: ………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 III. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: …………………………………………………………………………………. 3 IV. Introduction: ………………………………………………………………………………………………... 5 (a) Background: ………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 1. Methodology: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 2. Objectives: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6 3. Key Findings: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6 A. Household Information: …………………………………………………………………….. 6 B. Relatives in Ikotos County: …………………………………………………………………. 7 C. Experience of returning back to South Sudan: ……………………………………. 8 D. Plan for the Future: ……………………………………………………………………………. 9 4. Recommendation: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10 I. ACRONYMS List of Acronyms ICRROSS: Cross border Intervention for Returnees Refugees of South Sudan and the Host community FE: Financial Education CEVSI: Cooperazione E Sviluppo AVSI: Association of Volunteers in International Service CBI: Cash base intervention AICS: