Education Manual on Indigenous Elders and Engagement With
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Education Manual on Indigenous Elders and Engagement with Government Indigenous Learning Institute for Community Empowerment (ILI) Cordillera Peoples Alliance (CPA) Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact (AIPP) December 2012 2 Education Manual on Indigenous Elders and Engagement with Government Table of Contents Introduction .............................................................................................1 1 Introduction and Acknowledgements ..........................................................2 2 Training Objectives .....................................................................................5 5 Content Outline ..........................................................................................8 9 Part I. Indigenous Elders and Governance .........................................11 13 Part II. Indigenous Elders in a Changing Society ...............................39 49 Part III. Indigenous Peoples’ Engagement with Local and National Government .....................................................................79 99 Annexes ...............................................................................................125 157 Education Manual on Indigenous Elders and Engagement with Government 3 INTRODUCTION 4 Education Manual on Indigenous Elders and Engagement with Government INTRODUCTION Education Manual on Indigenous Elders and Engagement with Government 1 INTRODUCTION Introduction INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This Education Manual on Indigenous Elders and Engagement with Government is one in a series of leadership training manuals produced by the Indigenous Learning Institute for Community Empowerment or ILI. The term “ili” is indigenous term to the Igorot peoples of the Cordillera, Philippines meaning people, identity and community. Among the Ho people of India, “ili” means the sacred rice wine that is offered to the gods or spirits of the ancestors in prayer and thanksgiving. ILI is a collaborative training program among several indigenous peoples’ organizations in Asia that aims to build the capabilities of indigenous peoples’ leaders and organizations in advocating and asserting indigenous peoples’ rights. It was established in 2005 as a learning institute where indigenous peoples can come together to learn from each other and share their experiences towards empowering their own organizations and communities. The indigenous organizations that collaborate through the ILI program include the Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact (AIPP), Cordillera Peoples Alliance (CPA), Partners of Community Organizations in Sabah (PACOS), Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Toraya – Toraya Indigenous Peoples Alliance (AMAN-TORAYA) in Indonesia, Sinui Pai Nanek Sengik (SPNS) in Peninsular Malaysia, Bindrai Institute for Research Study & Action (BIRSA) in India, Inter- Mountain Peoples’ Education and Culture in Thailand Association (IMPECT) in Thailand, KALUMARAN in Mindanao, Philippines among others. This training manual is meant for indigenous elders, leaders, organizers, and indigenous peoples’ representatives in government, who desire to be of service to the interest of indigenous peoples. The manual aims to build and strengthen the capacity of indigenous elders in Asia to lead their communities during contemporary times, wherein indigenous peoples face serious threats to their survival in the form of development aggression, marginalization and violation of their rights to land, territories, resources and self-determination. The manual highlights the important role of indigenous elders in traditional leadership and in sustaining our indigenous socio-political institutions, values and systems. At the same time it promotes the leading role of indigenous elders in asserting indigenous peoples’ rights against oppression and marginalization, as our communities are undergoing momentous changes. It aims to equip indigenous elders and leaders with the knowledge and skills necessary to be able to advance indigenous peoples’ rights during these changing times. It also 2 Education Manual on Indigenous Elders and Engagement with Government Introduction aims to arm indigenous peoples with the capacity to effectively engage in local and national government structures and processes, as well as in other political arenas of struggle of the indigenous peoples’ movement. The content of the manual was largely contributed by the participants to the ILI Writeshop on Traditional Elders and Local Government, which was organized by the AIPP and hosted by Cordillera Peoples Alliance in Baguio City, Philippines on October 14-20, 2011. We acknowledge the participants of this workshop for sharing their knowledge and ideas that went into making this manual: � Atina Gangmei – AIPP, Chiangmai, Thailand � Neingulo Krome – Naga Peoples Movement for Human Rights (NPMHR), North East India � Dr. Krishna Bhattachan – Lawyers Association for Human Rights of Nepalese Indigenous Peoples (LAHURNIP), Nepal � Nicholas Bawin Anak Angat – Sarawak, Malaysia � Eliza Marthen Kissya – Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara (AMAN), Indonesia � Patricia Miranda – Interpreter, AMAN, Indonesia � Jomorito Guaynon – KALUMBAY, Mindanao, Philippines � Windel Bolinget – CPA, Philippines � Benedict Solang – CPA, Philippines � Jovencio Balweg – Cordillera Elders Alliance (CEA) Advisory Council, Abra, Philippines � Rev. Eduardo Solang, Sr. – MAITUD, Mountain Province, Philippines � Nelson Yocogan – MAITUD, Mountain Province, Philippines � Jaime Dugao – CEA, Mountain Province, Philippines � Johnny Sawadan – CEA, Kalinga, Philippines � Julifa Balonggay – Save Apayao Peoples Organization (SAPO), Conner, Apayao, Philippines � Evelyn Miranda – CEA, Baguio City, Philippines � Jill Cariño –Facilitator, CPA, Baguio City, Philippines � Elvira Taguba – Facilitator, CPA, Baguio City, Philippines � Sarah Dekdeken – Documentor, CPA, Baguio City, Philippines � Ivan Torafing – Documentor, Asia Pacific Indigenous Youth Network (APIYN), Baguio City, Philippines Education Manual on Indigenous Elders and Engagement with Government 3 INTRODUCTION Introduction We acknowledge the writers of the different sections: OVERVIEW OF THE TRAINING Overall Training Objective: To raise the participants’ awareness and Part 1 – Indigenous Elders and Governance: Windel Bolinget capabilities to strengthen indigenous elders and governance in their Part 2 – Indigenous Elders in a Changing Society: Benedict Solang respective communities and to deal with the challenges faced in their Part 3 – Indigenous Peoples Engagement with Government: Jill Cariño engagement with government. We also thank Joan Carling, Chris Erni and Shankar Limbu for their constructive comments on the final draft. Part I. Indigenous Elders and Governance We give credit to the following for their work in completing the Education Manual: General For the participants to understand the general context Objective and framework of indigenous elders and governance Editing: Jill Cariño at the international, national and local levels. Design and Lay-out: CPA Photos: AIPP, CPA, AMAN, Chris Erni Specific After the session, the participants will be able to: Objectives Finally, we thank the funders of ILI - the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the 1. Be familiar with and updated on the fundamental International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA) in Denmark and the rights and issues affecting indigenous peoples, in Inter-Church Organization for Development Cooperation (ICCO) in the general, and indigenous elders and governance Netherlands for their generous and continuing support for the ILI program, in particular; without which this manual could not have been realized. 2. Understand the basic principles and good practices of indigenous elders and governance; This Education Manual is dedicated to our indigenous elders who have gone before us, so that they may continue to guide 3. Have a general understanding of state policies, us as we carry on the struggle for land, rights and self- laws and issues related to indigenous elders and determination. governance; 4. Share and learn from different experiences relating to indigenous elders and governance. 4 Education Manual on Indigenous Elders and Engagement with Government INTRODUCTION Introduction OVERVIEW OF THE TRAINING Overall Training Objective: To raise the participants’ awareness and capabilities to strengthen indigenous elders and governance in their respective communities and to deal with the challenges faced in their engagement with government. Part I. Indigenous Elders and Governance General For the participants to understand the general context Objective and framework of indigenous elders and governance at the international, national and local levels. Specific After the session, the participants will be able to: Objectives 1. Be familiar with and updated on the fundamental rights and issues affecting indigenous peoples, in general, and indigenous elders and governance in particular; 2. Understand the basic principles and good practices of indigenous elders and governance; 3. Have a general understanding of state policies, laws and issues related to indigenous elders and governance; 4. Share and learn from different experiences relating to indigenous elders and governance. Education Manual on Indigenous Elders and Engagement with Government 5 Introduction Part II. Indigenous Elders in a Changing Society General Objective To have a common understanding of the present situation of indigenous elders and their important role in a changing society. Specific After the session, the participants will be able to: