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Descarga El Libro De Resúmenes Aquí LXII REUNIÓN ANUAL SOCIEDAD DE BIOLOGÍA DE CHILE XIII REUNIÓN ANUAL SOCIEDAD CHILENA DE EVOLUCIÓN XXVI REUNIÓN ANUAL SOCIEDAD DE ECOLOGÍA DE CHILE XXIX REUNIÓN ANUAL SOCIEDAD DE BOTÁNICA DE CHILE HOTEL VILLA DEL RÍO, 11, 12 y 13 marzo 2020 Valdivia 1 AUSPICIADORES 2 CONFERENCIAS 3 CONFERENCIA DR. HERMAN NIEMEYER Breast Cancer Genetics in Chile and Latin America: the history of colonization associated to founder mutations Carvallo, Pilar1. (1) Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Breast cancer is one of the first causes of death by cancer in Chile as in many countries in Latin America. The incidence of breast cancer in Latin American populations varies between 24/100,000 a 71/100,000, being Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil, countries with the highest incidence. This high incidence of breast cancer is associated to the European component, as it has been demonstrated in different studies among Hispanic populations. In relation to genetics, since 2000 the screening of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations has been performed in several Latin American countries, in women with hereditary breast cancer. Mutations in these two genes have been found in all populations studied until today, finding a 13.7% to 26.3% of mutation carriers among women with hereditary breast cancer. Only few populations share some mutations: Brazil/Argentina (13), México/Argentina (8), Chile/Argentina (7) and Chile/Brazil (6). Most mutations in Latin America have been already described in Spain, Portugal and among European populations, in concordance with our history of colonization. Also some founder mutations have been described in Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, being the most striking finding the 9 founder mutations in Chilean population. Those mutations account for the 78% of Chilean women carriers of a BRCA1/2 mutation, becoming a great opportunity to develop a fast and low cost genetic screening in Chilean breast cancer patients, to give better health care opportunities to those women and her families. (Acknowledgements to Fondecyt, Fondef, Fonis). 4 CONFERENCIA PREMIOS NACIONALES Desarrollo de la Botánica Marina en Chile Santelices, Bernabé 1(1) Departamento de Ecologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Las funciones ecosistémicas de las macro-algas incluyen producción de materia orgánica, formación de sustrato, regulación ambiental, provisión de hábitats, y de áreas de incubación y crecimiento de invertebrados. Debido a su importancia ecológica y económica, el conocimiento científico y aplicado de las macro-algas ha aumentado significativamente en el país en los últimos 40 años. También ha aumentado el número de investigadores y de líneas de investigación. El país ya ha sido Sede de un Congreso Mundial de algas (ISS 15,1994) y se prepara para una Segunda Reunión Mundial (IPS 12, 2021). Simultáneamente las exportaciones de macro-algas y derivados han escalado desde US$ 15 millones (1975) a US $ 300 millones (2018). Científicamente, varios hallazgos caracterizan esta flora. Su patrón latitudinal de riqueza de especies disminuye hacia el trópico. Los intercambios florísticos con el Pacífico Tropical y el Pacifico Sur son menores, originando comunidades estructuralmente simples. Varias de las especies ecológicamente importantes son endémicas. Topografía costera y presencia de zonas de surgencias son factores determinantes de los tipos de vegetación presentes. Las especies oportunistas sobreviven digestión por consumidores locales, mientras que fusión somática y formación de quimeras son procesos frecuentes en los tres tipos de macro-algas (rojas, pardas y verdes). Actualmente, la sobreexplotación de bosques de huiro negro está afectando varios servicios ecosistémicos, incluyendo reclutamiento de invertebrados y las capacidades de la propia Lessonia para diferenciar quimeras capaces de regenerar individuos y poblaciones. 5 CONFERENCIAS SOCIEDAD CHILENA DE EVOLUCION El razonamiento abductivo de Darwin (Darwin´s abductive reasoning) Medel, Rodrigo1. (1) Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile El tipo de razonamiento empleado por Darwin en el desarrollo de su teoría ha sido objeto de diversos estudios por parte de filósofos de la ciencia. Mientras algunos autores señalan que el naturalista se apegó estrictamente a un razonamiento inductivo Baconiano, otros señalan que la deducción formó parte constitutiva de su razonamiento, pudiendo sus descubrimientos ser mejor caracterizados como el resultado de un esquema hipotético-deductivo. En esta charla argumentaré que Darwin usó un tercer tipo de inferencia, la abducción, que aunque menos conocida, es la que usualmente caracteriza el descubrimiento de las hipótesis y teorías científicas. A pesar que el razonamiento abductivo es de naturaleza ampliativa y posee una mínima robustez lógica, es el único que permite introducir elementos nuevos en las inferencias, lo que representa su máxima virtud epistémica. Para demostrar el razonamiento abductivo de Darwin, específicamente el involucrado en la creación de las hipótesis centrales de su teoría general: a) Transmutación, b) Selección Natural y c) Principio de Divergencia, me basaré en un análisis historiográfico realizado sobre sus libretas, escritas entre 1837-1839, en los dos ensayos escritos en 1842 y 1844, y en las cartas escritas con anterioridad a la publicación del Origen de las Especies (1859). FONDECYT 1180850 6 CONFERENCIAS SOCIEDAD DE ECOLOGÍA DE CHILE Cómo el vino salvó al bosque: 10 años de investigación científica y su impacto para la toma de decisiones (How wine saved the forest: 10 years of scientific research and its impact on decision making) Barbosa Olga1,2,3 (1) Universidad Austral de Chile(2) Plataforma Interdisciplinaria NDE (3) Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad El desarrollo de estrategias de conservación en paisajes antrópicos es una necesidad dado que se estima que el 80% de la biodiversidad global se encuentra fuera de las áreas protegidas. Estos modelos representan un reto en términos de gestión, pero también son una gran oportunidad para implementar estrategias de conservación innovadoras y eficaces, que involucren activamente a la sociedad tanto del desarrollo como de su implementación. Aquí mostraré la experiencia de 10 años del Programa Vino, Cambio Climático y Biodiversidad (VCCB), una iniciativa científica liderada por el IEB y la UACh, financiado por el programa PIA de CONICYT, y que involucra al sector de la viticultura como actores clave en la conservación del Mediterráneo Chileno. Actualmente este programa ha desarrollado investigaciones que combinan ecología molecular, conservación biológica y preguntas de las ciencias sociales. Las viñas miembros del VCCB hoy conservan en conjunto 31571 ha de bosque y matorral esclerófilo, y en promedio conservan 2.7 ha por cada hectárea de producción vitícola. La experiencia de 10 años de trabajo conjunto nos ha demostrado que a) el financiamiento largo plazo de la ciencia es clave para establecer lazos de confianza con el sector privado; b) la transferencia del conocimiento y la evaluación del como se hace, es esencial para generar adherencia a nuevos programas pues la evidencia científica por si misma no es suficiente; c) la perspectiva interdisciplinaria es esencial para generar cambios de comportamiento en los tomadores de decisión. AFB170008 y SOC180023 7 CONFERENCIAS SOCIEDAD DE BOTÁNICA DE CHILE La vegetación de la región de los ríos, Chile y sus cambios antropogénicos Ramirez, Carlos1. (1) Universidad Austral de Chile Se inicia la presentación con una breve exposición sobre los métodos fitosociológicos desarrollados para el muestreo de la vegetación y se plantean los principios y supuestos básicos sobre los que se basan dichos estudios y en las unidades utilizadas en los estudios de vegetación. Se expone un resumen de la vegetación de la Región de Los Ríos (Chile) diferenciando formaciones y asociaciones vegetales y el carácter primario nativo o secundario de las comunidades producto de la degradación de la vegetación nativa. Posteriormente, se entregan algunos ejemplos de la utilidad práctica y de aplicación de los estudios fitosociológicos, especialmente en el desarrollo de líneas base para estudios de impacto ambiental de proyectos de inversión, Se exponen ejemplos de series de degradación de la vegetación nativa en la Región de Los Ríos, diferenciando los distintos manejos que intervienen en ellas, para finalizar con una exposición resumida sobre investigaciones de degradación de la flora, la vegetación y el suelo, realizadas en el centro-sur de Chile, utilizando estadística multivariados. 8 SIMPOSIOS 9 SIMPOSIO: ECOFISIOLOGÍA VEGETAL EN GRADIENTES AMBIENTALES EXTREMOS SOCIEDAD DE BOTÁNICA DE CHILE Coordinador: Francisco Squeo Gradientes ambientales extremos: rasgos funcionales desde los órganos a los ecosistemas (Extreme environmental gradients: functional traits from organs to ecosystems) Squeo Francisco A. 1,2,3, Danny E. Carvajal1,2,4, Cristian A. Delpiano1,2. (1) Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena (2) Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB)(3) Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA) (4) Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Cambio Global, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile Los rasgos funcionales reflejan la conexión funcional entre los organismos y su ambiente. En plantas, las estrategias ecológicas usualmente reúnen un conjunto de rasgos funcionales de
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