Complete Emission Measurement Technology, 8014933

EMISSION MEASUREMENT INFORMATION

Complete Emission Measurement Technology from SICK

Single-source technologies and solutions for now and in the future emissions monitoring Complete Emission Measurement Technology from SICK

Emission monitoring from SICK: global solutions for a globally relevant topic Effective climate protection as well as the maintenance and restoration of a clean environment are among the greatest challenges facing today's global community. Efficient energy management must be implemented in all emission-relevant industries and regions – especially those with intensive energy requirements as well as densely populated centers worldwide.

The goal of reducing air pollution to the lowest technically feasible level is primarily achieved with state-of-the-art waste gas purification processes. Emissions must be determined both in terms of quantity and quality as well as minimized in a targeted manner. This can be achieved with proactive planning of industrial plants and continuous monitoring of emissions.

Continuous emission measurement is used to determine the emission behav- ior of industrial plants. SICK is the only manufacturer worldwide in this industry with decades of experience offering a complete range of emission measurement technology. We use proven measurement principles and innovative technologies to ensure solutions for now and in the future – even under increasing environmental and safety-related requirements.

Make your significant contribution to an intact environment for current and future generations with complete emission measurement technology from SICK.

2 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 2013/08 Subject to change without notice Table of Contents Company ...... 4 Industries and solutions ...... 6 Technologies and measuring principles ...... 8 Systems and project engineering . 10 Connectivity ...... 12 Services and consulting . . . . . 14 Requirements of emission measurement systems . . . . . 16 Gas analyzers ...... 18 Analyzer systems ...... 22 Dust measuring devices . . . . . 24 Gas flow measuring devices . . . 26 Data acquisition systems . . . . 27 Regulations and provisions . . . . 28 Glossary ...... 30

2013/08 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 3 Subject to change without notice PS_header1_small_blueCompany PS_header2_small_blue

We deliver “Sensor Intelligence.” SICK sensor solutions are the result of exceptional dedication and experience. From development to service: The people at SICK are committed to investing all their expertise in providing with the very best sensors and system solutions possible.

A company with a culture of success

Over 5,800 people are on staff, with products and services Our exemplary corporate culture fosters an optimum work- available to help SICK sensor technology users increase their life balance, thus attracting the best employees from all over productivity and reduce their costs. Founded in 1946 and the world. SICK is one of the best employers – we have been headquartered in Waldkirch, Germany, SICK is a global sensor among the winners of the prestigious German “Great Place to specialist with nearly 50 subsidiaries and representations Work” award for many years in succession. worldwide.

4 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 2013/08 Subject to change without notice PS_header2_small_blue PS_header1_small_blueCompany

Innovation for the leading edge A corporate culture for sustainable excellence

SICK sensor systems simplify and optimize processes and allow SICK is backed by a holistic, homogeneous corporate culture. for sustainable production. SICK operates at many research We are an independent company. And our sensor technology is and development centers all over the world. Co-designed with open to all system environments. The power of innovation has customers and universities, our innovative sensor products and made SICK one of the technology and market leaders – sensor solutions are made to give a decisive edge. With an impressive technology that is successful in the long term. track record of innovation, we take the key parameters of modern production to new levels: reliable process control, safety of people and environmental protection.

2013/08 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 5 Subject to change without notice PS_header1_small_blueIndustries and Solutions PS_header2_small_blue

Industry Requirements Solutions from SICK

Power plants

Various requirements apply to power plants, –CO, NOx and SO2 as well as O2 /H2O depending on the fuels used, for example, • In-situ: coal, oil or gas. The following pollutants GM32, GM35, ZIRKOR302 must be continuously measured, depending • Cold extractive: on applicable local environmental regula- GMS800, SIDOR

tions: CO, NOx SO2 and dust as well as • Alternative as complete solution: reference parameters such as temperature, MKAS/MAC800

O2 (and H2O, where applicable). • Dust measurement: DUSTHUNTER • Volume flow measurement: FLOWSIC100 • Data acquisition system

Waste recycling

Various requirements apply depending on – HCl, HF, SO2, CO, NOx and O2 /H2O the type of incineration plant, for example, • In-situ: household waste, industrial waste or hazard- GM700

ous waste. Pollutants such as HCl, HF, NOx, • Hot extractive:

SO2, VOC and dust load as well as O2 and/ MCS100E, MCS100FT (FTIR)

or H2O must be continuously measured in • Hg measurement: MERCEM300Z accordance with local environmental stipula- • Dust measurement: DUSTHUNTER tions. • Volume flow measurement: FLOWSIC100 Increasingly, total mercury Hg must also be • Data acquisition system detected.

Cement production

Plants for producing cement, as well as – HCl, HF, SO2, CO, NOx, VOC and O2 /H2O firing and crushing lime. Flue gas pollutants • Hot extractive: must be continuously measured depending MCS100E, MCS100FT (FTIR) on local environmental regulations, prefer- • Hg measurement: MERCEM300Z

ably NOx SO2 and dust as well as reference • VOC: GMS810-FIDOR

parameters such as O2 and/or H2O • Dust measurement: DUSTHUNTER When burring alternative fuels it is also nec- • Volume flow measurement: FLOWSIC100 essary to measure additional components • Data acquisition system such as HCl, HF, Hg and VOC.

Chemicals, oil and gas

Chemical parks generally include a fossil- – VOC, CO, NOx, SO2 and O2 /H2O fuel fired power plant, which generates both • Cold extractive: GMS800 electricity as well as steam. • Hot extractive: MCS100E, MCS100FT Gases produced during the process are • VOC: GMS810-FIDOR exploited thermally and must be monitored • Dust measurement: DUSTHUNTER accordingly. Parts of the plant may include • Volume flow measurement: FLOWSIC100 explosion proof areas. • Explosion protected version: GMS815, GMS820 • Data acquisition system

Metals and steel production

Plants for calcination, melting or sintering – CO, CO2, SO2, NOx, HCl and O2 ores as well as the production of non-ferrous • In-situ: metals. These areas are subject to harsh GM32, GM35, ZIRKOR302 environmental conditions such as high dust • Cold extractive: GMS800 loads and severe vibration. • Hot extractive: MCS100E The gases produced during the process are • Alternative as system: MKAS/MAC800 reprocessed and must be measured and • Dust measurement: DUSTHUNTER monitored accordingly. • Volume flow measurement: FLOWSIC100 • Data acquisition system

6 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 2013/08 Subject to change without notice PS_header2_small_blue PS_header1_small_blueIndustries and Solutions

Industry Requirements Solutions from SICK

Glass and Ceramics

Systems for manufacturing glass and glass – CO, NOx and SO2 as well as O2 /H2O fibers, for melting ceramic materials and firing • In-situ: ceramic products. GM32, GM35, ZIRKOR302 Typical requirements include fine silicates and • Special in-situ sensors, which are not borates with high abrasion potential in the flue subject to abrasion gases. • Dust measurement: DUSTHUNTER • Volume flow measurement: F100 • Data acquisition system

Pulp and Paper

TRS emissions are created during the kraft pulp – SO2, H2S, TRS: methylmercaptan, production process, primarily in lime kilns and dimethyl-sulfide and dimethyl-di-sulfide the liquor combustion process. The emissions • In-situ: are strictly regulated due to intensive odor GM32 contamination. • Dust measurement: DUSTHUNTER For this reason, concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, methylmercaptan, dimethyl-sulfide and • Volume flow measurement: F100 dimethyl-di-sulfide or the sum parameter of TRS • Data acquisition system must be continuously measured.

Maritime

On-board systems on cargo and passenger – NOx, SO2, CO2, O2 ships for monitoring smoke gas and monitoring • Hot extractive: of exhaust gas purification systems. Typically MCS100E (optional with sample point these systems are subject to increased vibra- switching) tion. The components NOx, SO2, CO2, O2 are measured and the denitrification plants monitored. Special approvals and effective sample point switching are essential requirements.

Greenhouse gases

The greenhouse gas CO2 is responsible for 75% – CO, CO2, N2O and CH4 of global climate change. However, CO2, CH4 and • In-situ: N2O present varying degrees of hazard potential. GM35 in combination with Legislators worldwide are forcing operators to FLOWSIC100 declare greenhouse gas cargo. For example, in • Cold extractive: GMS800 the USA and Canada this is implemented in the EPA's Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program. In the • Data acquisition system EU it is covered by the Emissions Trading Direc- tive. A precise measurement of the volumetric flow is necessary in order to provide greater accuracy than the bulk cargo calculation. Additional areas of application

• Systems for biological processing of waste SICK also offers custom emissions moni- • Surface treatment with organic substances toring and measurement solutions for • Crematoria, cremations many other industries. • Mining

2013/08 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 7 Subject to change without notice Technologies and Measuring Principles

Analysis technology SICK has customization solutions for an extremely wide range of plant conditions and for solving complex measurement tasks. Including in-situ and extractive measurement technology based on powerful measurement principles both for individual sampling points and complete systems.

In-situ gas analysis Innovative in-situ measurement technology for direct installation in devices at the respective measurement site. The analyzers measure in-situ, directly at the measurement site, under system conditions and are available as a device solution. They are characterized primarily by their minimal maintenance requirements and extremely short response times. SICK's in-situ analyzers are available in two different versions: Benefits: • Continuous and direct measurement, no sampling • The cross-duct version for representative measured • The cross-duct version for representative measured results across the entire duct diameter results or measuring probe version for simple • The measuring probe version, optimized for single- installation sided installation allowing simple integration into • GMP measuring probe with open measuring gap or an extremely varied range of system conditions. For GPP gas diffusion probe example, overpressure, wet gases and extremely high measured gas concentrations and dust loads.

Extractive gas analysis SICK's extractive gas analyzers can be used in a broad range of applications. They work according to extractive principles where a partial gas flow is extracted from the gas duct and is fed to the analyzer module under constant conditions. Everything is designed for the measurement task, from gas sampling via selected sensors and optimized gas conditioning, to the selection of numerous analyzer modules.

Hot extractive measurement technology All components which come into contact with the measured gas are heated, ensuring they are above the dew point. The actual analysis is undertaken under constant hot measurement conditions and delivers precise measurement results, even with extremely narrow measuring ranges. Ideal for detection of numerous gas components as well as water soluble components such as HCl, HF or Benefits: NH3. • Optimally configurable analyzer modules for a wide range of applications Cold extractive measurement technology • Customized solutions designed for numerous pos- Gas sampling can be realized with either heated or sible measuring components unheated sample gas lines. Gas drying is achieved with • Precise and reliable measured results thanks to a high-performance gas cooler. The "cold" measurement proven measuring principles is handled by the analyzer. • Detection of aggressive, corrosive or combustible gases

8 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 2013/08 Subject to change without notice Technologies and Measuring Principles

Dust measurement via laser- UV resonance absorption Atom-absorption spectroscopy based back-scattering technology spectroscopy (UVRAS) based on the Zeeman effect This measurement principle devel- SICK uses cold-extractive process An Hg-discharge lamp emits an oped by SICK based on back-scatter- photometers equipped with the UV element-specific spectrum, which ing of light enables the measurement resonance absorption measurement enables an extremely sensitive level of even minute concentrations of spectroscopy measurement principle of mercury measurement. A magnetic dust. A laser diode irradiates the dust (UVRAS). The system makes use of field applied around the discharge particles in the measured medium the fact that certain gases exhibit lamp creates an additional reference with modulated light in the visible specific absorption characteristics in value wavelength (the Zeeman spectrum. The light scattered by the the ultraviolet spectrum. In order to effect), which lies outside of the particles is picked up by a highly sen- achieve this, the measured gas is irra- absorption range of Hg atoms. This sitive detector, which then feeds the diated with ultraviolet light. means that cross sensitivities and measured signal to an evaluation unit The concentration of gas components lamp aging or contamination is com- for processing. can then be determined through pensated for. A high temperature con- The compensation of background selective use of the wavelength and verter converts the bound Hg at radiation and ambient light, automat- measurement of the absorption. In approximately 1832 °F (1000 °C) ic testing of zero point and reference this manner the analyzer is able to into elemental Hg. point as well as a soiling check mean measure gas concentrations of, for The advantages are that no chemi-

the system delivers stable and repro- example, NO, NO2, NH3, SO2 and H2S cals or catalyzes are required, mainte- ducible measurement results. by means of interference filter corre- nance is minimal and there are no Sophisticated measurement tasks in lation (IFC). moving parts. The patented hot or aggressive measurement The gas filter correlation (UVRAS) is direct Hg measurement system media are no longer a problem. used for extremely precise measure- makes the MERCEM300Z into a refer- ment of NO. ence device for continuous mercury analysis. - DUSTHUNTER product family, - GMS800, Page 20 Page 24 - MERCEM300Z, Page 21

Triple reflector Detectors

Filter unit Sender/receiver Measuring unit cell Measuring volumes Cell

Emitted UV lamp beam Reference cell Beam splitter Hg-lamp Detector

Additional measuring principles and evaluation methods • Interference filter correlation, gas filter correlation • Flame ionization detectors (FID) • Absorption (NDIR, NDUV) • Zeeman atom absorption spectroscopy (ZAAS) • UV spectroscopy • TDLS – Diode laser spectroscopy • DOAS evaluation methods • Particle absorption (visible wavelength range) • FTIR spectroscopy • Particle scattering / scattered light measurement

• Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2 flow sensor) • Gravimetric analysis • Absorption spectrometry (UV) • Ultrasonic propagation time delay measurement

• Paramagnetic/electrochemical (O2) • Temperature: PT1000, pressure: piezo-resistive

2013/08 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 9 Subject to change without notice Systems and Project Engineering

Everything from stand-alone devices to complete analyzer systems SICK is able to supply application-oriented applications through a combination of its extensive product range of analyzers and comprehensive experience. In addition to the tailor-made designs, SICK offers a range of cost-optimized standard solutions, such as the standardized 19" rack or system housing, compact analyzer systems as well as modular complete systems for all emission-typical measurement tasks. SICK engineers complete gas analyzer systems, for example, ready-to-use analyzer containers including the entire peripheral equipment.

Devices Compact systems Complete systems The GMS800 product family with its Compact analyzer systems with These modular complete systems standardized 19” housing or opti- straightforward handling, trouble-free with high-quality serial modules and mized system housings for cabinet installation and on-site commission- components can be optimized to installation are available for efficient ing with very low maintenance meet specific requirements thanks and cost-effective system integration. requirements. Equipped with modern to their customizable design. communication options, such as Eth- ernet, Modbus or GPRS modem, these systems are suitable for remote monitoring and are pre-equipped for future requirements.

GMS810 19" rack housing GMS830 system integration housing

GMS820 pressure-resistant encapsulated housing GMS815 wall-mounted housing PowerCEMS MAC800 analyzer system modular complete system The wall-mounted housings as well as the pressure-resistant encapsulated housings are optimized for use in hazardous areas.

10 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 2013/08 Subject to change without notice Systems and Project Engineering

Custom planning and engineering Planning and engineering at SICK is combined with decades of experience in the field of emissions monitoring. Regardless of whether the application is in a power plants or under difficult conditions in a hazardous area of a refinery – SICK's engineers plan and design tailor-made solutions suitable for your specific requirements using the latest CAD systems. In doing so, the latest technology in analyzers and sample conditioning is deployed with state- of-the-art communications concepts. All products are designed in accordance with the applicable international and national standards. An experienced project management team and worldwide service organization is available to the customer not only for commissioning, but also to ensure reliable and sustained operation of the system.

Ready-to-use analyzer containers Tailor-made designs including the complete range of peripheral equipment with component application consulting and comprehensive project management.

Skills • All required technologies from a single source • Application-oriented complete systems • Comprehensive product spectrum for all requirements • Ready-to-use analysis containers, tailor-made to meet • Solutions for all measurement tasks and statutory customer specifications requirements • Cost-optimized standard solutions

2013/08 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 11 Subject to change without notice – Connectivity always well connected with SICK

Current data via standardized communication SICK's products come with a standardized data communications system for digital controllers. All data, measured values and parameters are available at all times and can be conveniently visualized and processed. This is available cross-system from your own network. As a result, you are able to access installations in remote areas.

Signals, interfaces and protocols • Analog and digital signals • Interfaces: • Serial interfaces such as RS-232/RS-485/RS-422 Data acquisition and processing systems • Ethernet network • OPC • Protocols: OPC Modbus I/O • Modbus or Modbus TCP Ethernet Ethernet/RS-485 analog, digital

Analyzers and Systems

Operation The operation of analyzers and systems is undertaken: • directly from the analyzer's operating unit • via a controller, enabling visualization and configuration for numerous analyzers • remotely via Ethernet or a mobile network • with SOPAS ET, SICK's own visualization and configuration application

Remote diagnostics Remote access to devices and systems can be accessed online via: • SICK's own remote diagnostics unit RDU via an ana- TCP/IP log telephone, cellular network or ethernet network Internet connection • The FastViewer Desktop Sharing System with remote diagnostics, remote maintenance and online support on the customer's PC. Also through firewalls for effective help due to rapid viewing of the content on your screen.

System Measuring point/device network

12 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 2013/08 Subject to change without notice – Connectivity always well connected with SICK

Operational Measuring systems management level Operational monitoring Dust Ethernet

OPC server

Flow

ERP-system, Controller plant management system

Temperature, pressure Ethernet

Gas components Reference parameters Reference In-situ gas analysis

Extractive gas analysis

Data Acquisition Systems

Analyzer systems

Ethernet

Remote diagnostics, remote maintenance Remote diagnostics

Optional

2013/08 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 13 Subject to change without notice PS_header1_small_blueServices and Consulting – PS_header2_small_blue always well advised with SICK

Service for all your plant and measurement system requirements

Analyzers and measurement systems supply monitoring, control-relevant information and protect people and systems. When optimally integrated and maintained, these components and systems guarantee safe processes, constant product quality and protect people and the environment.

From the outset and over many years, SICK LifeTime Services offer suitable services for all aspects of your measurement systems and plants: from planning and concep- tion, commissioning and operation to conversions and upgrades. Over 60 years of experience in the field and industrial expertise makes SICK a competent partner for the specific requirements of our customers.

Consulting and Product and system Checking and Design support optimization

•• Application consulting •• Acceptance prior to delivery •• On-site acceptance •• Planning services •• On-site commissioning and trouble- •• System maintenance •• Project management shooting •• Logbook maintenance •• Project and customer •• Technical support •• System support documentation •• Spare / wearing parts

Modernization and Training and advanced retrofitting training

•• Software or firmware •• Operation & handling •• Customization of measuring •• Maintenance ranges •• Device software •• Expansion for additional •• Statutory regulations, guidelines measuring components and directives

14 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 2013/08 Subject to change without notice PS_header2_small_blue ServicesPS_header1_small_blue and Consulting – always well advised with SICK

2013/08 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 15 Subject to change without notice Requirements of Emission Measurement Systems

Selection of a continuous emission measurement system

The selection of a continuous emission measurement system Production industries such as the power-supply or the cement (CEMS) is not a simple process. General inquiries for the low- are generally subject to defined regulations and laws govern- est initial investment can work out to be the most expensive ing the reduction of emissions. They are able to select from a solution over the entire operational lifetime. Unfortunately, no broad range of continuous emission measurement systems. general rule can be applied, as individual plant requirements The operational lifetime of a CEMS is typically more than 10 can have a major impact on the suitability and all important years. The operating costs can amount to up to three times costs of the CEMS technology under consideration. the cost of the initial investment, depending on the selected measurement technology (in-situ, cold or hot extractive) and the mix of measurement principles used.

10 steps to a suitable emission measurement system

What process parameters and gas compo- Have the operating conditions on-site been nents are to be monitored in the system clarified? 1 and what measuring ranges are required? 4 Aggressive gas components can influence the opera- The number and type of components to be monitored and tion and reliability of CEMS systems when using alternative fuels. recorded in accordance with the requirements of environmen- •• What fuel is currently used or is to be deployed in the near tal authorities determines the selection of a suitable CEMS future? system. •• When using alternative fuels, does the system meet the strin- •• Is a complete list of measuring components and param- gent thermal requirements for monitoring waste treatment eters as well as the required measuring ranges and toler- processes? ances available? •• Must reference parameters such as temperature, pres- What sources exist that can lead to the sure, moisture or O content be measured? 2 production of critical gas components? •• Determination of particle concentrations, opacity or mass 5 flow required? If critical gas components are produced, such as or-

ganic compounds, NH3, chlorine or sulfur, the CEMS system must be able to reliably measure these components, even in higher What conformities and regulations apply to concentrations. emissions monitoring? 2 Generally, the respective reporting system is derived from national regulations or international specifications Are the operating conditions to remain such as those from the EU or EPA in the US. constant for the entire operational lifetime of 6 the CEMS system? •• What national regulations and standards apply? •• Is it necessary to take international standards such as EU Gas cleaning plants such as DeNOx or wet scrubbers significantly directives or US EPA standards into consideration? reduce the amount of pollutants. However, higher NH3 concentra- •• Do additional specifications apply to certain measuring tions due to the addition of ammonia or carbamide as well as technology due to specific plant requirements? deviations in temperature and moisture can significantly reduce the availability and operational lifetime of the measuring system.

Are new regulations expected, which could influence the emissions measurement or What is the total cost of operation, not merely 3 reporting? the cost of acquisition? Environmental legislation is forcing the trend towards a sus- 7 The operational lifetime of a CEMS is typically more tainable and environmentally aware economy. For this reason, than 10 years. The actual operating costs can amount to more it should be possible to adapt or retrofit the CEMS system for than triple the cost of acquisition, depending on the selected mea- possible future requirements. suring technology. The following is to be taken into consideration: •• For example, additional monitoring of HCI and mercury in •• Composition of the CEMS, incl. gas sampling and conditioning the cement production industry. •• Consumables / additives and spare parts •• Maintenance and service intervals

16 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 2013/08 Subject to change without notice Requirements of Emission Measurement Systems

What are the requirements for operation and Measuring Measuring prin- Measured In-situ Extractive maintenance of the CEMS system? component ciple value Hot Cold   8 In accordance with quality standards, the CEMS must Dust Scatter light Particle concentration  exhibit verifiable availability in the field of higher than 95%, includ- Transmission Opacity Transmission Opacity  ing all maintenance and testing cycles. Critical points include: Volume Ultra sound Volume flow  •• Gas conditioning in the event of condensate or acid forming flow components? Gases ZrO2 sensor O2   •• Downtime caused by filter exchange or gas extraction? Paramagnetic  Electrochemical 

NDIR CO, CO2  What conditions are given at the operating NO (NOx)  site? SO  9 2 The availability of consumables / spare parts and NDUV NO, NO2  1) additives is extremely important for industrial plants which are SO2, NH3 

difficult to access (oil platforms, gas compressor stations, plants Filter correlation H2O, N2O  

in climatically extreme areas). CO, CO2    •• It remote diagnostics and remote maintenance via GPRS or SO2, NO, NO2  Internet possible for achieving targeted deployment of special- HCl, NH3  ist personnel? UV DOAS NO, NO2  •• What environmental conditions, for example, temperature SO2 , NH3 deviations, etc. are applicable? TRS 

TDLS O2  

HCl, H2O  

What performance is your CEMS system NH3, H2O   supplier able to deliver in relation to require- HF, H O   10 2 ments? FTIR H2O   A supplier of CEMS systems should be able to provide effec- CO, CO2  tive decision-making support in finding a suitable solution. The SO2, NO, NO2  realization of individual measurement tasks in combination with HCl, NH3 competent service should be the deciding factor, not the possibly HF  limited range of technical options provided by a specific supplier. FID VOC  SICK is has decades of proven competence, a complete product ZAAS Hg  portfolio and numerous services in the field of emissions mea- Other Transmitter T, p  1) surement. Only with heated sampling technology

2013/08 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 17 Subject to change without notice Gas Analyzers

In-situ gas analyzers

GM32 GM35 GM700 GM901 ZIRKOR302 Measure aggressive gases directly and quickly – Efficient control of combustion processes and Greater efficiency of process analysis – Reliable CO measurement for emission Accurate and rapid oxygen measurement even in the Ex area dehydration plants even under difficult conditions monitoring and process control for optimization of industrial processes Technical data Measuring principle UV spectroscopy Gas filter correlation, interference filter correlation Diode laser spectroscopy (TDLS) Gas filter correlation zirconium dioxide sensor

Measuring components NH3, NO, NO2, SO2, H2S, TRS CO, CO2, H2O, N2O HCl, HF, NH3, O2, H2O CO O2 TUV-approved measured NO, SO CO, CO , H O HF – O values 2 2 2 2 max. number of measured 4 3 1 1 1 values Process temperature +32°F ...+1022°F (0°C ... +550°C) +32°F ...+806°F (0°C ...+430°C) +32°F ... +806°F (0°C ... +430°C) +32°F ... +806°F (0°C ...+430°C) Stainless steel sensor: +32°F ... +1292°F higher temperatures available on request higher temperatures available on request higher temperatures available on request depending on calibration (0°C ...+700°C) Inconel sensor: +32°F ...+1742°F (0°C ... +950°C) Ceramic sensor: +32°F ...+2552°F (0°C ... +1400°C) Process pressure 60 hPa 250 hPa 250 hPa 30 hPa 700 hPa to 1.100 hPa relative depending on type and purge air supply depending on type and purge air supply depending on purge air supply Ambient temperature -4°F ...+131°F (–20°C ... +55°C) -40°F ... +131°F (–40°C ...+55°C) -40°F ...+122°F (–40°C ... +50°C) -4°F ...+131°F (–20°C ... +55°C) -4°F ... +131°F (–20°C ... +55°C) other temperatures available on request four configurable ranges Conformities 2001/80/EC (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/EG (17. BIm- 2001/80/EC (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/EG (17. BIm- 2001/80/EC (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/EG Type examination (TUV) 2001/80/EC (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/ SchV.), GOST, MCERTS, U.S. EPA conform, EN 14181, SchV.), 27. BImSchV., TA Luft, EN 14181, GOST, (17. BImSchV.) EG (17. BImSchV.), 27. BImSchV., GOST, EN 15267-3, 27. BImSchV. MCERTS EN 14181 Enclosure rating IP 65 IP 66 / NEMA 4x IP 65 / NEMA 4x IP 65 / NEMA 4x IP 65 / NEMA 4x IP 69K Device versions Cross-duct-version, measuring probe version Cross-duct-version, measuring probe version Measuring probe version, cross-duct version Cross-duct-version, measuring probe version Ejector type, pump type Note The scope of delivery depends on application and The scope of delivery depends on application and The scope of delivery depends on application The scope of delivery depends on application The scope of delivery depends on application customer specifications. customer specifications. and customer specifications. and customer specifications. and customer specifications. At a Glance

•• Up to 6 measuring components at the same •• Dynamic humidity correction •• High selectivity due to high spectral •• Representative measurement across •• All parts in contact with gas are time (incl. gas pressure and temperature) •• Fast in-situ measurement directly in resolution the duct heated •• Automatic self-test function (QAL3) without the process •• Short response times •• Operation via evaluation unit •• Automatic testing and adjustment test gases •• Simultaneous determination of up to three •• No calibration required •• Short response times with ambient air •• Several independent measuring ranges with gas components, temperature and pressure •• No moving parts: minimal wear and •• Verifiable with gas-filled cell; •• Fixed physical zero point automatically optimized precision possible •• No gas sampling and conditioning tear gas testable probe with test gas •• Short response time •• Direct measurement without sampling •• Gas testable version of measuring probe •• No gas sampling and conditioning •• Operation of up to 3 sensors via one •• Reliable measuring results at high dust available required evaluation unit concentrations •• Integrated self test and control functions

18 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 2013/08 Subject to change without notice Gas Analyzers

In-situ gas analyzers

2013/08 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 19 Subject to change without notice Gas Analyzers

Extractive gas analyzers

GMS800 SIDOR MCS100FT MERCEM300Z FID3006 Tailor-made gas analysis for process and emission Sets standards for extractive photometers Emission monitoring – everything under Innovative measurement of mercury in flue Portable analyzer for measurement of volatile monitoring control with advanced, high-end technology gases organic components Technical data Measuring principle NDUV-spectroscopy, NDIR-spectroscopy, interference NDIR-spectroscopy, paramagnetic dumbbell principle, FTIR-spectroscopy, zirconium dioxide sensor, Zeeman atom absorption spectroscopy Flame ionization detection filter correlation, paramagnetic dumbbell principle, electromagnetic cell flame ionization detection electromagnetic cell, thermal conductivity measurement, flame ionization detection

Measuring components Ar, SO2, CHClF2, CHCl2F, CH 2Cl2, CH4, CH3OH, CO, CH4, CO, CO2, NO, N2O, O2, SO2 CH4, CO, CO2, HCl, HF, H2O, NH3, NO, NO2, Hg, Hg compounds, Hg total Corg

COCl2, CO2, CS2, CO+CO2, C2H2, C2H2F4, C2H4, C2H6, N2O, O2, SO2, Corg

SF6, C3H6, (CH3)2CO, C3H8, C4H10, C4H6, C6H4Cl2, C5H12,

O2, C6H14, C7H16, COS, He, H2, H2O, H2S, NH3, NO, NO2,

N2O, Cl2, Cges, additional components available on request

TUV-approved measured CO, CO2, SO2, NO, NO2, N2O, HCl, HF, CH4, CO, CO2, CH4, NO, NO2, O2, SO2, Corg CO, NO, SO2, O2 Hgges Corg values H2O, O2, NH3, Corg max. number of measured 8 3 13 1 1 values Process temperature Input analyzer: +32°F ... +113°F (0°C ... +45°C) Input analyzer: +32°F ... +113°F (0°C ... +45°C) Input analyzer: ≤ +392 °F (+200 °C) +32 °F ...+392 °F (0°C ... +200°C) +32°F ... +464°F (0°C ... +240°C) Process pressure Hosed gas lines: 200 hPa to 300 hPa 200 hPa to 300 hPa 900 hPa to 1200 hPa 900 hPa to 1100 hPa 100 hPa Piped gas lines: 200 hPa to 1,000 hPa relative relative Ambient temperature +41°F ... +113°F (+5°C ... +45°C) +41°F ... +113°F (+5°C ... +45°C) Standard: +41°F ... 95°F (+5°C ... +35°C) -4°F ...+ 122°F (–20°C ... +50°C) +32°F ... 104°F (0°C ... +40°C) with cooling device: +41°F ... +122°F (+5°C ... +50°C) Conformities 2000/76/EC (17. BImSchV.), 2001/80/EG (13. BIm- 2001/80/EC (13. BImSchV.), 27. BImSchV., TA Luft, 2001/80/EG (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/EG 2001/80/EG (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/EG 2. BImSchV., 2000/76/EC (17. BImSchV.), SchV.), 27. BImSchV., EN 15267-3, EN 14181, GOST, MCERTS, ATEX, EN 14181 (17. BImSchV.), 27. BImSchV. (17. BImSchV.), 27. BImSchV., MCERTS, U.S. EPA conform, EN 14181 TA Luft, ATEX, GOST, MCERTS U.S. EPA conform Enclosure rating GMS810: IP 40 IP 20 IP 43 IP 55 IP 20 GMS815: IP 65 / NEMA 4x IP 54 GMS820P: IP 65 Option GMS830, GMS831: IP 30 Device versions 19" rack, wall mounting housing, pressure resistant 19" rack Steel sheet cabinet Aluminum cabinet Portable device encapsulated housing, system integration module Note The scope of delivery depends on application and The scope of delivery depends on application and The scope of delivery depends on application The scope of delivery depends on application The scope of delivery depends on application customer specifications. customer specifications. and customer specifications. and customer specifications. and customer specifications. At a Glance

electrochemical O2 measurement •• Insensitive to contamination •• Sample gas transport by an ejector consumables heated sample gas line •• Gas module with sample gas pump and/or without moving parts •• Very low maintenance gas sampling •• Connections with quick connectors control sensors •• Remote control and diagnosis via using an ejector pump – no moving or bayonet latches •• New enclosure type for easy and quick software SOPAS ET parts •• Supporting frame with required integration in analyzer systems •• Automatic adjustment, backflushing •• Integrated adjustment cell for auto- gases in small cylinders •• Remote diagnosis via Ethernet with software and filter cleaning matic drift correction •• Approved for continuous emission SOPAS ET •• Automatic adjustment of the entire monitoring measuring system with a built-in test gas generator (option)

20 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 2013/08 Subject to change without notice Gas Analyzers

Extractive gas analyzers

Measuring components Ar, SO2, CHClF2, CHCl2F, CH 2Cl2, CH4, CH3OH, CO, CH4, CO, CO2, NO, N2O, O2, SO2 CH4, CO, CO2, HCl, HF, H2O, NH3, NO, NO2, Hg, Hg compounds, Hg total Corg

COCl2, CO2, CS2, CO+CO2, C2H2, C2H2F4, C2H4, C2H6, N2O, O2, SO2, Corg

SF6, C3H6, (CH3)2CO, C3H8, C4H10, C4H6, C6H4Cl2, C5H12,

O2, C6H14, C7H16, COS, He, H2, H2O, H2S, NH3, NO, NO2,

N2O, Cl2, Cges, additional components available on request

•• 6 different analyzer modules •• Detector with high long-term stability •• Lowest approved HF measuring •• Lowest measuring range of 10 µg •• Automatic fuel-gas and pump switch- •• 4 different types of enclosures •• Paramagnetic or electrochemical oxygen range of 0 to 3 mg/m³ •• Accurate measurement of “total mer- off in case of flame failure •• Measuring principles: NDIR, NDUV, UVRAS, measurement •• Automatic spectrum adjustment via cury” directly in a thermal converter •• Only 15 minutes warm-up time until thermal conductivity measurement, flame •• Automatic adjustment with component-free AutoVAL for reliable measured values (patented) operational readiness ionization detection, paramagnetic and ambient air •• Operation via touchscreen •• Measuring operation without using •• Integrated temperature controller for electrochemical O2 measurement •• Insensitive to contamination •• Sample gas transport by an ejector consumables heated sample gas line •• Gas module with sample gas pump and/or without moving parts •• Very low maintenance gas sampling •• Connections with quick connectors control sensors •• Remote control and diagnosis via using an ejector pump – no moving or bayonet latches •• New enclosure type for easy and quick software SOPAS ET parts •• Supporting frame with required integration in analyzer systems •• Automatic adjustment, backflushing •• Integrated adjustment cell for auto- gases in small cylinders •• Remote diagnosis via Ethernet with software and filter cleaning matic drift correction •• Approved for continuous emission SOPAS ET •• Automatic adjustment of the entire monitoring measuring system with a built-in test gas generator (option)

2013/08 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 21 Subject to change without notice Analyzer Systems

Analyzer Systems

Analyzer systems

MCS100E MAC800 MKAS PowerCEMS Emission and raw gas monitoring Modular, complete system for extractive gas analysis The automatic measuring device for emissions measurement Compact analyzer system for emissions measurement in coal-fired with hot measuring technology power plants and gas-steam combination power plants Technical data Measuring principle Gas filter correlation, interference filter correlation, In accordance with the integrated GMS800 analyzer In accordance with the integrated S700 analyzer modules In accordance with the integrated GMS830 analyzer modules zirconium dioxide sensor modules

Measuring components CH4, CO, CO2, HCl, H2O, NH3, NO, NO2, N2O, O2, SO2 Ar, SO2, CHClF2, CHCl2F, CH 2Cl2, CH4, CH3OH, CO, CH4, CO, CO2, NO, NO2, N2O, O2, SO2 NO, NO2, CO, CO2, SO2, O2

COCl2, CO2, CS2, CO+CO2, C2H2, C2H2F4, C2H4, C2H6,

SF6, C3H6, (CH3)2CO, C3H8, C4H10, C4H6, C6H4Cl2, C5H12,

O2, C6H14, C7H16, COS, He, H2, H2O, H2S, NH3, NO, NO2,

N2O, Cl2, additional components available on request TUV-approved measured CO, CO , HCl, NO, NH , SO , O , H O CO, NO, NO , NO , SO , CO , O , N O, CH In accordance with the integrated analyzer modules In accordance with the integrated analyzer modules values 2 3 2 2 2 2 x 2 2 2 2 4 max. number of measured 8 8 In accordance with the integrated analyzer modules In accordance with the integrated analyzer modules values Process temperature Input analyzer system: +32°F ... +428°F Process: ≤ +1832°F (+1000°C) Input analyzer system: +32°F ... +428°F (0°C ... +200°C) Input analyzer system: +32°F ... +392°F (0°C ... +200°C) (0°C ... +220°C) Input analyzer system: ≤ 392°F (+200°C) Process: +32°F ... +1652°F (0°C ... +900°C) Process: +32°F ... 1652°F (0°C ... +900°C) Process:+32°F... +2426°F (0°C ... +1300°C) depending on sampling probe depending on sampling probe Process pressure 900 hPa to 1.100 hPa – – – Ambient temperature +41°F ... +95°F (+5°C ... +35°C) Standard: +41°F ... +95°F (+5°C ... +35°C) Standard: +41°F... +95°F (+5°C ... +35°C) Standard: +41°F ... +95°F (+5°C ... +35°C) with cooling device: +41°F ... +122°F without being subjected to direct sunlight without being subjected to direct sunlight (+5°C ... +50°C) with cooling device: +41°F ... 122°F (+5°C ... +50°C) Conformities 2001/80/EC (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/EG (17. BIm- EN 15267-3, EN 14181, 2001/80/EC (13. BIm- In accordance with the integrated analyzer modules In accordance with the integrated analyzer modules SchV.), GOST, MCERTS, U.S. EPA conform SchV.), 2000/76/EC (17. BImSchV.) Enclosure rating IP 43 IP 54 Standard: IP 54 Standard: IP 54 other enclosure ratings available on request With cooling device: IP 34 for outer cooling circuit for outer cooling circuit Device versions Steel sheet cabinet Steel sheet cabinet, glass-fiber reinforced plastic Steel sheet cabinet, glass-fiber reinforced plastic cabinet Steel sheet cabinet cabinet Note The scope of delivery depends on application and The scope of delivery depends on application and The scope of delivery depends on application and customer The scope of delivery depends on application and customer customer specifications. customer specifications. specifications. specifications. At a Glance

•• Extractive measurement of up to 8 IR-active •• Cold-extractive analyzer system certified ac- •• Up to 3 analyzers S710 or SIDOR or NOx converter •• Certified system according to current EU regulations in gas components cording to EN 15267-3 •• Includes all important system components a single compact analyzer cabinet

•• Additional oxygen and total hydrocarbon •• Plug-and-play analyzer modules with 24 V •• Test gas infeed via the gas sampling probe •• Cost-effective solution for simultaneous NO/NO2 measure- analyzer as option power supply •• High-performance measuring gas cooler ment due to embedded DEFOR analyzer module

•• Gas lines heated throughout •• Operating unit for displaying all measured •• Measuring gas bypass (no NOx converter) •• Sample gas infeed on gas sampling sensor values and status information on a touch •• Wired and tested ready for operation •• Trouble-free installation and fast commissioning of or analyzer screen the automatic measuring system (AMS) •• Backflushing of gas sampling sensor for •• External sensors via interfaces connectable •• Extremely low maintenance requirements due to clear filter cleaning •• Display and monitoring of external sensors separation of electrical and analyzer modules •• Rapid measured gas exchange to minimize possible •• Remote access via ethernet or Modbus connection adsorption and desorption processes •• Remote control of the complete system via •• Automatic sample point switching ethernet, Modbus or optional GPRS modem •• Types MCS100E HW (hot extractive), MCS100E PD (permeation dryer) and MCS100E CD (cold extractive)

22 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 2013/08 Subject to change without notice Analyzer Systems

Analyzer Systems

Analyzer systems

Measuring components CH4, CO, CO2, HCl, H2O, NH3, NO, NO2, N2O, O2, SO2 Ar, SO2, CHClF2, CHCl2F, CH 2Cl2, CH4, CH3OH, CO, CH4, CO, CO2, NO, NO2, N2O, O2, SO2 NO, NO2, CO, CO2, SO2, O2

COCl2, CO2, CS2, CO+CO2, C2H2, C2H2F4, C2H4, C2H6,

SF6, C3H6, (CH3)2CO, C3H8, C4H10, C4H6, C6H4Cl2, C5H12,

O2, C6H14, C7H16, COS, He, H2, H2O, H2S, NH3, NO, NO2,

2013/08 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 23 Subject to change without notice Dust Measuring Devices

Dust Measuring Devices

Dust measuring devices

DUSTHUNTER T DUSTHUNTER SP/SB DUSTHUNTER C FWE200 SHC500 The type approved transmissiometer The type approved dust measuring device Two-in-one – dust measuring device with Extractive scattered light technology for Mobile measurement system for gravimetric with self-alignment function with reverse scattered light measurement transmittance and scattered light measurement of dust in wet gases dust concentration measurements measurement Technical data DUSTHUNTER T DUSTHUNTER SP/SB DUSTHUNTER C FWE200 SHC500 Measuring principle Transmittance measurement Scattered light backward Transmittance measurement, scattered light Scattered light forward Gravimetric analysis forward max. number of measured 1 1 1 1 1 values Process temperature -13°F ... +1112 °F (–25°C ... +600°C) -13 °F ... +1112 °F (–25 °C ...+600 °C) -13°F ... +572°F (–25°C ... +300°C) PVDF sensor: +32°F ... +248°F Standard: +32°F ... +752°F higher temperatures available on request (0°C ... +120°C) (0°C ... +400°C) Hastelloy sensor: +32 °F ... +428°F With special sensor: +32°F ... +1112°F (0°C ... +220°C) (0°C ... +600°C) Process pressure 50 hPa to 30 hPa 50 bar to 30 hPa 50 hPa to 2 hPa 20 hPa – other pressure ranges available on request other pressure ranges available on request relative Ambient temperature Standard: -13°F ... +140°F (–25°C ... +60 °C) Standard: -13°F ... +140°F (–25°C to +60°C) Standard: -13°F ... +140°F -4°F ... +122°F (–20°C ...+50°C) +14°F ... 122°F (–10°C ... +50°C) For MCU with purge air unit: -13°F ... +113°F (–25°C For MCU with purge air unit: -13°F... +113 °F (–25°C ... +60°C) ... +45°C) (–25°C ...+45°C) For MCU with purge air unit: -13°F ...+113°F ( –25°C ... +45°C) Conformities 2001/80/EG (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/EG (17. BIm- 2001/80/EG (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/EG (17. BIm- 2001/80/EG (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/EG 2001/80/EG (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/ EN 13284-1, GOST, U.S.-EPA-conform SchV.), 27. BImSchV., TA Luft, EN 14181, SchV.), 27. BImSchV., TA Luft, EN 14181, (17. BImSchV.), 27. BImSchV., EN 14181, EG (17. BImSchV.), 27. BImSchV., TA Luft, EN 15267-3, MCERTS EN 15267-3, MCERTS EN 15267-3, TA Luft, MCERTS MCERTS, U.S.-EPA-conform Enclosure rating IP 66 IP 66 IP 66 System: IP 54 IP 65 Electronics housing: IP 65 Device versions Cross-duct version Version for single-sided installation Cross-duct version Extractive type Portable device Note The scope of delivery depends on application and The scope of delivery depends on application and The scope of delivery depends on application The scope of delivery depends on application The scope of delivery depends on application customer specifications. customer specifications. and customer specifications. and customer specifications. and customer specifications. At a Glance

•• Integrated soiling control for sender-receiver •• For very low to medium dust concentrations •• Combination of transmission and •• For very low to medium dust •• No dust loss due to patented and reflector unit •• One-sided installation scattered light measurement concentrations sampling system •• Automatic self-alignment of the optical •• Contamination check •• For very low to high dust •• Gas sampling and return combined •• Automatic data recording and system modules •• Automatic check of zero and reference point concentrations in one probe control •• Automatic check of zero and reference point •• Automatic compensation of background •• Automatic check of zero and •• Contamination check •• Isokinetic control in real time •• For medium to high dust concentrations radiation, therefore no light absorber reference point •• Automatic check of zero and refer- •• Automatic storage and evaluation •• For small to large measuring distances required •• Double-sided contamination check ence point of the measuring values •• For medium to large duct diameters and correction •• Automatic measurement of the flow •• Automatic self-alignment angle and detection of swirl effects •• For medium to large duct diameters

24 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 2013/08 Subject to change without notice Dust Measuring Devices

Dust Measuring Devices

Dust measuring devices

2013/08 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 25 Subject to change without notice DustGas flow Measuring measuring Devices devices

Volume flow measuring devices

FLOWSIC100 Volume flow measuring devices for continuous emission monitoring Technical data Measuring principle Ultrasonic propagation time delay measurement Measuring components Gas velocity, gas temperature, volume flow a.c., volume flow s.c., sound velocity max. number of measured 1 values Process temperature FLOWSIC100 M/H/PR: -40°F ... +500°F (–40°C ...+260°C) higher temperatures available on request Process pressure -100 hPa to 100 hPa Ambient temperature Sender-receiver unit FLSE100, controller MCU: -40°F ... +140°F (–40°C ... +60°C) Conformities EN 14181, TA Luft, 27. BImSchV., 2001/80/EC (13. BImSchV.), 2000/76/EG (17. BImSchV.), EN 15267-3 Enclosure rating IP 65 Device versions Cross-duct-version, measuring probe version Note The scope of delivery depends on application and customer specifications. At a Glance

•• Robust titanium transducer for long service life •• Measurement system without purge air •• Corrosion-resistant material for use with aggressive gases (option) •• Integrated measurement via duct diameter for types H and M •• Automatic operational check with zero and reference point test •• Types M-AC/H-AC with innovative internal cooling for use with gas temperatures up to 842°F (450°C); no input of cooling air into the measured medium •• Types PM/PH with external purge air supply to protect against severe sensor contamination and gas temperatures up to 842°F (450°C) •• Probe type PR for cost-saving, single-sided installation in duct

26 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 2013/08 Subject to change without notice Data Acquisition Systems

Data acquisition systems

MEAC2012 MEAC EU Acquisition, evaluation, storage, visualization and Acquisition, evaluation, visualization and transmis-si- transmission of emission data for Germany on of international emission data Technical data Evaluation cycle 5 s 1 min. Integration times 1, 3, 10, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480 min 3, 10, 20, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480 min Value types 5 s, raster value, raster value trend, raster value 1 min, raster value (RW), raster value trend, daily gliding, daily value, daily value trend, daily value value (TW), daily value trend, monthly average value gliding, monthly average value, annual average value (MMW), annual average value (JMW) Ambient temperature Emissions PC (EPC): +41°F ...+86°F (+5°C ... +30°C) Data acquisition unit (DAE): +23°F ...+ 122°F ( –5°C ... +50°C) Field module (FM): +14°F ... +122 °F (–10°C ... +50°C) Conformities EN 14181, TA Luft, 1, 2, 13, 17, 30, 31 BImSchV, EN 14181, 2001/80/EC, 2000/76/EC BEP 2010, Status Index and Classification (SKK) 2011 Enclosure rating Emissions PC (EPC): IP 20 Data acquisition unit (DAE): IP 54 Field module (FM): IP 20 Menu language German German, English, French, Italian, Croatian, Lithuani- an, Macedonian, Dutch, Portuguese, Russian, Serbi- an, Slovakian, Slovenian, Spanish, Hungarian Note The scope of delivery depends on application and customer specifications.

At a Glance

•• Evaluations according to 1, 2, 13, 17, 27, 30, 31 BImSchV and TA-Luft •• Reporting in accordance with DIN EN 14181, BEP 2010, Status Index and Classification (SKK) 2011 •• Analog and digital data collection saved at 5 second intervals •• Analog and digital data output, especially remote transmission of data to the regulator (EFÜ 2005) •• Visualization and operation spread across the network •• Automatic notification of various emissions •• Flexible and transparent configuration

2013/08 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 27 Subject to change without notice PS_header1_small_blueRegulations and Provisions PS_header2_small_blue

Why measure emissions?

Action is necessary due to global warming caused by the greenhouse effect. One important factor is to sustainable measure the emission of climate- relevant gases in order to attain an important reference value for the efficient reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The hazardous impact of smog, ozone and dust play a decisive role.

In many counties there is a legislative basis for a sustained environmentally compatible reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as well as laws relating to the emission of pollutants. These regulations include specifications for technology, modes of operation for systems and specifications detailing pollutant limits in released clean gas and what measuring technology may be used for purposes of monitoring.

Regulations, approval bodies and elements • EU directives and TÜV approvals with the directive relating to large combustion plants and gas turbine systems (2001/80/EC), incineration and co-incineration of waste (2000/76/EC) • Quality standards for automated measuring systems (EN 14181, EN 15267) • The new industrial emissions directive 2010/75/EU for integrated prevention and reduction of environmental pollution • Approval body MCERTS for Great Britain • Environmental agency U.S. EPA with the American quality standards (EPA CFR 11 Part 60 and Part 75) • Japanese standard JIS • Standards organization GOST for Russian standards and regulations • Chinese EPA CEP • EPA standards for many other countries

28 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 2013/08 Subject to change without notice PS_header2_small_blue RegulationsPS_header1_small_blue and Provisions

What are emissions? Purpose of emission minimization Emissions in terms of the environment refer to the dis- The purpose is to protect people, flora and fauna, water, charge, transmission or disposal of disrupting factors into the atmosphere, cultural and other property, reduce sig- the environment. Each emission results from an immis- nificant nuisance emissions as well as to actively prevent son (discharge). Emissions in the form of discharges are the formation of injurious pollution. comprised of toxic, harmful or environmentally hazardous chemical substances as well as pollutants, irritants and The environment can be protected primarily by limiting allergens. emissions. Statutory limitations always represent interference into the freedom of action of the generating industry. For this reason, in many countries emissions may not be limited “for their own sake”, but only in accordance with the principle of proportionality – analogously to their harmfulness (effect on the environment and human health).

2013/08 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 29 Subject to change without notice PS_header1_small_blueGlossary PS_header2_small_blue

A D

Accuracy Drift Qualitative term for the extent of approximation of detected Monotone change of the calibration function in a specified results to the reference value, whereby depending on de- maintenance interval, leading to a change in the measured termination or agreement, this may relate to the true value, value. approximate value or an empirical value. E AMS Automatic Measuring System (AMS) for monitoring of emis- Emissions sions from stationary sources, which are installed on the plant. In the case of extractive AMS, further equipment is Emissions in terms of the environment refer to the discharge, included in addition to the actual measuring device (analyzer) transmission or disposal of disrupting factors into the for purposes of sampling (e.g. probes, probe gas lines, flow environment. measurement, discharge pumps) and sample conditioning (e.g. dust filter, cooler, converters). EN 14181/EN 15267 The standard EN 14181 specifies quality assurance levels Area of certification (QAL) for the suitability of automatic measuring systems The area in which the automatic measuring system (AMS) is (AMS) for corresponding measuring tasks (QAL1), the regular tested and certified in relation to maintenance of the relevant calibration and validation of the AMS (QAL2), the continued minimum requirements. monitoring of the AMS during operation of the plant (QAL3) as well as an annual functional test (AST). C Extractive measuring technology Equipment and complete automated measuring systems Calibration (AMS) for sampling, conditioning and analysis of a sample Determination of a calibration function of (temporally) limited from the gas or media being examined, undertaken at a validity which is applied to an AMS for a specified measuring representative measuring point. point. A gas mixture of known composition (calibration gas, test gas) with systematically graded contents is applied to the measuring components. I

In-situ measuring technology Calibration function Automatic measuring system (AMS) where the measurement Functional ratio between the measured value, for example the is carried out directly in the gas duct, without removing a extinction and content, for example, a mass concentration. sample from the process. If the measurement is undertaken across the diameter of the exhaust gas duct, then pollutants CEM, CEMS are detected in a representative manner to a large extent. Equipment for continuous emissions monitoring – CEM and Refer to cross duct. CEMS (Continuous Emission Monitoring System). This term is used largely in Great Britain and the USA for "AMS". M

Cross-duct Maintenance interval Based on principles of in-situ measuring technology, the mea- Maximum permissible period of time within which the mainte- sured values are detected contact-free by the automatic mea- nance of specified values relating to the process performance suring system (AMS) directly in the gas flow and across the data can be guaranteed, without the requirement for external entire duct diameter (cross duct). In doing so, two measuring maintenance, for example, refilling, calibration or adjustment. devices are aligned to each other (generally a sender-receiver unit and a reflector), so that a representative measurement is ensured for both within the same measured diameter. Measured value An assessed value derived from the measured signal relating to the air quality characteristic. This includes usual calcula- tions based on calibration and conversion in desired values.

30 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 2013/08 Subject to change without notice PS_header2_small_blue PS_header1_small_blueGlossary

Measurement inaccuracy Reproducibility A parameter, associated with the result of a measurement, Degree of compliance between the measured results for the that characterizes the dispersion of the values that could be same measured value under identical measuring conditions. reasonable be attributed to the measured value. See also reproducibility.

Measuring principles and measured values S The measuring principle makes it possible to measure another value instead of the measured value, in order to un- Sensitivity ambiguously derive the measured value from it. It is based on Describes a change of value in the output variable of a a repeatable physical occurrence (phenomenon, effect) with a measuring device referred to the change of value of the input known physical relationship between the measured value and variable which causes it. the other variable. Standard deviation Measuring probe version Positive square root from the mean square deviation of the Optimized design of in-situ measuring AMS with fixed active arithmetical average divided by the number of degrees of measuring distance of the measuring probe, for single-side freedom. installation at the measuring point. An automatic self-test function (QAL3) is possible without test gases. Standard reference methods •• GMP probe with open measuring gap •• GPP gas diffusion probe Reference method specified for use in European or national regulations (for example, for calibration and validation of automatic measuring systems (AMS) and for repeated measure- P ments to test for maintenance of the limit values).

Precision Suitability testing Describes the maximum deviation between independently Describes the suitability of automatic measuring systems for detected results, obtained by the tester repeatedly carrying monitoring emissions from stationary sources in accordance out a specified detection process under prescribed condi- with the standards EN 14181 and EN 15267-3, which deal tions. DIN specifies explicitly that the detection process is with suitability testing and corresponding minimum require- considered more accurate if it exhibits fewer "random result ments and test procedures. deviations".

T R

Test gas Reference material A test gas is a gas or mixture of gases which is suitable for Substance or mixture of substances with known concentra- purposes of calibration due to its known composition. It can tions in specified limits or a device with known properties. also be used for validation or verification.

Reference method A measuring method used on agreement for reference pur- Z poses, which delivers the recognized reference value of the measured value. See also standard reference methods. Zero gas Gas or gas mixture of known quality (for example a compli- mentary gas or calibration gas) which is not contained in the Repeatability measured component(s) and serves to calibrate the zero Degree of compliance between the measured results for the value of a measuring device. same measured value under unchanged measuring conditions. See also reproducibility.

2013/08 EMISSION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY | SICK 31 Subject to change without notice 8017649_IG_Emissions Measurement _en_US/2013-08 Printed in USA (2013-08) ∙ Subject to change without notice • • automation.factory comprehensive offers SICK solutions for systems, and auto ident applications, With intelligent its safety sensors, Factory Automation Fax: 403-265-8828 Phone: 403-538-8791 T2P3Y7 Calgary, Alberta #3000 150-6thAvenue S.W. Suncor Energy Centre Ltd. SICK Fax: 289-695-5313 Toll Free: 855-742-5583 Richmond Hill,Ontario L4B2N3 Beaver2 East Creek Road, Building#3 Ltd. SICK Fax: 952-941-9287 Phone: 952-941-6780 Minneapolis, Minnesota 55438 6900 West 110th Street MAIHAK,Inc. SICK Fax: 281-436-5200 Phone: 281-436-5100 Houston, Texas 77032 Suite 180 4140 World Houston Parkway MAIHAK,Inc. SICK Our Competence in the BusinessSegments safety and services software safety aswell usingsensors, as Accident protection and personal type of object of classifying, and anypositioning detecting,Non-contact counting, Affirmative Action (AA)/Equal Opportunity Employer Action (AA)/EqualAffirmative Opportunity (EOE) M/F/D/V e-mail: [email protected] | www.sicknorthamerica.com |Toronto,Canada - Calgary, Alberta Ontario | 855-742-5583 United States - Minneapolis, Minnesota |Houston, Texas |281-436-5100 ProcessSICK Automation Division • • processes. and warehousing optimizationof sorting the and flows material automating for made bySensors form SICK the basis Logistics Automation with laser measurement systems contours ofobjects and surroundings Detecting volume, position, and control inindustrial material flow and target the purpose of sorting code and RFID reading devices for Automated with bar identification

• • industrial processes. and environmental in many data of process acquisition efficient ensure systemOptimized solutions from SICK Process Automation compact gas meters maximum accuracy thanks to Gas flow measurements with in production processes and the acquisition of process data continuous emissions monitoring liquids concentrationsfor and dust Precise measurement of gases,