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Air Dispersion Modelling Dust Gas Odours Air dispersion modelling IMMI Manua A Polluti 3 IMMI Manual Air Pollution 2 Published by: Meßsysteme · Software GmbH + Co. KG Max-Planck-Strasse 15 D-97204 Höchberg bei Würzburg Phone: +49 931 497 08 - 500 Fax: +49 931 497 08 - 590 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.woelfel.de Hotline: Dipl-Ing. (FH) Denise Reiche Phone: +49 931 497 08 - 555 Fax: +49 931 497 08 - 590 Email: [email protected] / [email protected] Author: Denise Reiche IMMI Manual Air Pollution Table of content 3 Table of Content 1 Introducti 7 2 Calculati M 8 3 Modeli i IMMI 9 3.1 IMMI Setup ....................................................................................9 3.2 Implementation of Gau / TA Luft 1986 .......................................9 3.2.1 Parameters of the element library Pollutants following Gau / TA Luft 1986 ............................................................................... 10 3.2.2 IMMI Source types for air pollution calculation following Gau / TA Luft 1986 ............................................................................... 13 3.2.2.1 General parameters for the element types point-, line- and area source ......................................................................................... 15 3.2.2.2 Source type gas ......................................................................... 16 3.2.2.3 Source type dust ........................................................................ 17 3.2.2.4 Source type odor ........................................................................ 18 3.2.2.5 Source type road ........................................................................ 19 3.3 Implementation of Lagrange (AUSTAL2000)............................ 21 3.3.1 Installing AUSTAL2000 .............................................................. 22 3.3.2 Parameters of the element library Pollutants following Lagrange/VDI3945 ..................................................................... 22 3.3.3 General parameters for the element types point-, line- and area source ......................................................................................... 26 3.3.4 Source types............................................................................... 27 3.3.4.1 Source types: point-, line- and area sources ............................ 28 3.3.4.2 Volume source and vertical source ........................................... 28 3.3.5 Time-dependent Emission ......................................................... 30 3.3.6 Air flow around buildings ............................................................ 30 3.3.7 Transfer of IMMI Sources Geometry to AUSTAL2000 ............. 31 3.3.8 Converting Gauss sources to Lagrange sources ..................... 32 4 Meteorolog Dat 33 4.1 Structure of meteorological files ................................................ 33 4.1.1 DWD - Format: Structure of annual statistics file...................... 33 4.1.2 DWD - Format: Structure of time series .................................... 34 Manual Air Pollution 4 Table of content 4.2 Input of meteorological data in IMMI ......................................... 35 4.2.1 Elements in the input dialog for defining annual statistics ....... 36 4.2.2 Elements in the input dialog for defining a time series ............. 37 4.3 Managing Meteorology Files ..................................................... 38 5 Puti Calculati 41 5.1 Pollution Calculation according Gauß/TA Luft 1986................. 41 5.1.1 Single point calculation .............................................................. 41 5.1.2 Grid calculation........................................................................... 42 5.2 Pollution Calculation according Lagrange / VDI 3945 .............. 43 5.2.1 Single point calculation .............................................................. 45 5.2.2 Grid calculation........................................................................... 46 5.2.2.1 Statistical uncertainty ................................................................. 47 5.2.2.2 Nested grids ............................................................................... 48 5.2.3 Terrain slope............................................................................... 49 6 Confli 51 7 Lteratur 53 8 Appendi 55 8.1 List of abbreviations for air pollutants........................................ 55 8.2 Surface roughness following the CORINE land cover inventory56 8.3 Displacement height................................................................... 58 8.4 Canyon-Plume-Box Model (CPB).............................................. 58 8.5 Input parameters in AUSTAL2000 ............................................ 60 9 Torial: Exampl f calculati followi G67 9.1 Calculation of propagation for a point source ........................... 67 9.2 Running the program ................................................................. 67 9.3 Preparation ................................................................................. 68 9.4 Input of meteorology data .......................................................... 69 9.5 Definition of gas types................................................................ 71 9.6 Geometry and element parameter input ................................... 72 9.7 Define North ............................................................................... 73 9.8 Definition of the reception grid ................................................... 74 Manual Air Pollution Table of content 5 9.9 Calculation of a reception grid ................................................... 75 10 Tial: E lculati llowi L 77 10.1 Task ............................................................................................ 78 10.2 Project setup – Importing the background image ..................... 79 10.3 Creating the sources / Entering the emission data................... 80 10.4 Drawing additional elements – buildings................................... 84 10.5 Setting reception points ............................................................. 85 10.6 Importing the meteorology / Parameters for calculation........... 86 10.6.1 Building flow field/wind field ....................................................... 88 10.6.2 Anemometer height – Roughness length z(0) and zero displacement d(0)....................................................................... 89 10.7 Defining the calculation area / Starting grid calculation ........... 90 10.8 Results ........................................................................................ 93 Manual Air Pollution 7 1 Introduction Since version 5.041 IMMI supports air pollution modeling. Various calculation methods are available and can be applied depending on the task, the type of pollutant and the involved regulation. For the German market the software offers pollution modeling following both TA Luft 1986 (Technical Instructions on Air Quality Control based on the Gaussian plume model) and TA Luft 2002 (Instructions based on the particle model); for Austria, the implementation of ÖNORM 9440 (Gaussian plume model). IMMI allows transfer of the source geometries from one calculation model to the other, making it possible to compare results during the transition to the new model. However, caution is advised regarding pollutant types that do not offer a one-to-one correspondence. For example, a dust source is a unique element type in the implementation of TA Luft 1986, whereas representing one of several air pollutants assigned to a source following TA Luft 2002. You should also be aware that the implementation of TA Luft 2002 is based on the calculation model AUSTAL2000 which is the public domain offic ial implementation of the German VDI 3945 Part 3 sponsored by the German Federal Environmental Protection Agency. By using an external calculation kernel, the IMMI user interface is subjected to certain instructions, requirements and restraints. The software is basically designed to free the user as much as possible from operating the calculation kernel. Response messages issued by the kernel are nonetheless displayed and provide a means of control for the user, following the tradition of IMMI as a noise prediction software. These kernel messages may also be used for documenting the calculation process. The implementation of TA Luft 1986 represents an original Wölfel development based on appropriate quality assurance standards: No external calculation model is involved here. IMMI Manual Air Pollution 8 2 Calculation Method The following calculation methods are implemented in IMMI: Dispersion calculation methods: § TA Luft 1986 – Technische Anleitung zur Reinhaltung der Luft [TA Luft 1986 – Technical Instructions on Air Quality Control] § VDI 3945 Part 3: Environmental Meteorology – Atmospheric Dispersion Models – Particle Model, issued September 2000 and AUSTAL 2000 § ÖNORM 9440: Dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere – calculation of the ambient air concentrations and determination of stack heights, issued November 1996 § GIRL - Geruchsimmissions-Richtlinie: Feststellung und Beurteilung von Gerüchen, issued September 2008 § Stern/Giebel: Empirical propagation formula for dispersion in the direct vicinity of emission sources – formula following STERN and GIEBEL, issued October 1995 § Canyon-Plume-Box Model (CPB): Addition to the Gaussian model for narrow road canyons where pollutants dissipate with delay and the concentration is therefore higher in these areas Emission calculations: § HBEFA: Handbuch für Emissionsfaktoren des
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