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Ammonia Emissions in Agriculture

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Ammonia Emissions in Agriculture Ammonia emissions in agriculture edited by: Gert-Jan Monteny Wageningen Academic uhttp://www.wageningenacademic.com/doi/book/10.3920/978-90-8686-611-3 - Monday, September 14, 2015 8:53:05 AM North Carolina State University Libraries IP Address:152.1.40.107 blishersb s eEberhards Hartung Ammonia emissions in agriculture http://www.wageningenacademic.com/doi/book/10.3920/978-90-8686-611-3 - Monday, September 14, 2015 8:53:05 AM North Carolina State University Libraries IP Address:152.1.40.107 http://www.wageningenacademic.com/doi/book/10.3920/978-90-8686-611-3 - Monday, September 14, 2015 8:53:05 AM North Carolina State University Libraries IP Address:152.1.40.107 Ammonia emissions in agriculture edited by: Gert-Jan Monteny Eberhard Hartung Wageningen Academic P u b l i s h e rs http://www.wageningenacademic.com/doi/book/10.3920/978-90-8686-611-3 - Monday, September 14, 2015 8:53:05 AM North Carolina State University Libraries IP Address:152.1.40.107 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned. Nothing from this publication may be translated, reproduced, stored in a computerised system or published in any form or in any manner, including electronic, mechanical, reprographic or photographic, without prior written permission from the publisher, Wageningen Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 220, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands, ISBN: 978-90-8686-029-6 www.WageningenAcademic.com e-ISBN: 978-90-8686-611-3 DOI: 10.3920/978-90-8686-611-3 The individual contributions in this publication and any liabilities arising from them remain the responsibility of the First published, 2007 authors. The publisher is not responsible for possible © Wageningen Academic Publishers damages, which could be a result of content The Netherlands, 2007 derived from this publication. http://www.wageningenacademic.com/doi/book/10.3920/978-90-8686-611-3 - Monday, September 14, 2015 8:53:05 AM North Carolina State University Libraries IP Address:152.1.40.107 http://www.wageningenacademic.com/doi/book/10.3920/978-90-8686-611-3 - Monday, September 14, 2015 8:53:05 AM North Carolina State University Libraries IP Address:152.1.40.107 http://www.wageningenacademic.com/doi/book/10.3920/978-90-8686-611-3 - Monday, September 14, 2015 8:53:05 AM North Carolina State University Libraries IP Address:152.1.40.107 Preface On 19, 20 and 21 March 2007, Wageningen UR (The Netherlands) and the University of Kiel (Germany) organised the International Conference on Ammonia in Agriculture: Policy, Science, Control and Implementation. It addresses ammonia in agriculture in a broad sense; from the policy on ammonia inventory and abatement in different world regions to measuring methods and mitigation strategies. The conference was sponsored by the Commission International du Genie Rurale (CIGR), the European Association of Agricultural Engineers (EurAgEng), and the Dutch Association of Agricultural Engineers (NVTL). During the conference, around 180 representatives from a wide variety of countries gathered to present and discuss the state of the art in ammonia related science, and to debate solutions with representatives from governmental bodies and stakeholders. The following policy related questions were formulated as input to the conference, the workshops, and the discussions: 1. Techniques and abatement strategies: . a Main categories of abatement options; latest developments and costs. b How to implement on farm level (and verify, control)? . c Most important pollution swapping issues (farm level), integrated measures (animal welfare, NO3, etc). d Contribution of animal feeding and animal efficiency. e Relevance for application in other parts of the world (see also 3). 2. Emission measurement and inventories: . a How to improve. b Evolution of NH3 sources in the past and in the future. c Progress in measurement technology. d Sources other than agriculture (e.g. cars, natural sources). 3. Communication and exchange of information: . a Efforts (policies) needed to achieve global level playing field. b Adaptation of inventory methods on global level. c How to reach society, communities, practice, consumers with clear and objective messages concerning reactive N (e.g. address the impact of meat consumption and alternatives). 4. (Political) instruments: . a Assessment of current policies and instruments on reactive N. b Alternatives for critical loads (e.g. air quality limits). c Impact of further liberalisation of agriculture, biofuel scenario’s. d How to co-ordinate various instruments. This proceedings book contains an overview of all papers presented, the open space workshops, and the discussions. Furthermore, a final conference statement is included, summarising the major outcome of the conference. A sincere word of ‘thanks’ is addressed to all of the attendees to the conference. Especially the Scientific Committees’ work is highly appreciated, since they contributed to the scope and structure of the conference, and to the reviewing of the technical papers. http://www.wageningenacademic.com/doi/book/10.3920/978-90-8686-611-3 - Monday, September 14, 2015 8:53:05 AM North Carolina State University Libraries IP Address:152.1.40.107 The Organising Committee put major effort in the process and content during the Conference, and has successfully formulated the conference statement. In this perspective, the contributions of Aad Jongebreur, Dennis Schulte, Eberhard Hartung, and Marry van den Top – assisted by Corien Fopma and Hedy Wessels – is greatly appreciated, and has made the conference an unforgettable and important event. On behalf of the Organising and Scientific Committee, I sincerely hope and trust that the outcome of the conference contributes to the process of interaction between science, policy makers, and other stakeholders, to contribute to sustainable agriculture. Gert-Jan Monteny Wageningen University http://www.wageningenacademic.com/doi/book/10.3920/978-90-8686-611-3 - Monday, September 14, 2015 8:53:05 AM North Carolina State University Libraries IP Address:152.1.40.107 Table of contents Preface 7 Gert-Jan Monteny Invited papers 21 Ammonia emission: history and future of research, the effects of research and the relation between policy development and research 23 A.A. Jongebreur Towards sustainable ammonia emission levels 26 K. Plug Towards a strong, forward-thinking agricultural sector in harmony with its surroundings 28 R. Bergkamp Ammonia and the UNECE convention on long-range transboundary air pollution 31 J. Sliggers and K. Bull The regulation of ammonia emissions in the United States 38 S. Shaver Ammonia assessment from agriculture: status and national needs 44 V.P. Aneja, J. Blunden, K. James, W.H. Schlesinger, R. Knighton, W. Gilliam, D. Niyogi and S. Cole Atmospheric ammonia: detecting emission changes and environmental impacts – summary report of the UNECE Edinburgh workshop 52 M.A. Sutton, E. Giles and S. Baker Reduced nitrogen in ecology and the environment 58 J.W. Erisman and M. Sutton Comprehensive reporting of agricultural emissions 64 U. Dämmgen, N.J. Hutchingsand J. Webb Feeding and management: pigs 67 Nutritional options to reduce ammonia emission from excreta of pigs 69 A.W. Jongbloed, A.J.A. Aarnink and C.M.C. van der Peet-Schwering Effect of different feeding strategies on the ammonia emission from a fattening pig house 72 H. Cnockaert, M.J. Van Oeckel, D.L. De Brabander and B. Sonck http://www.wageningenacademic.com/doi/book/10.3920/978-90-8686-611-3 - Monday, September 14, 2015 8:53:05 AM North Carolina State University Libraries IP Address:152.1.40.107 Ammonia emissions in agriculture 9 Effect of diet on air emissions from pigs 74 W. Powers, S. Zamzow and B. Kerr Effect of piglet diet on gas emissions 76 C. Pineiro, J. Morales, S. Godbout, S.P. Lemay, M. Belzile, J. Feddes, P. Illescas, G. Montalvo and M. Bigeriego Dietary composition influences odour and ammonia emissions from pig manure 78 P.D. Le, A.J.A. Aarnink and M.W.A. Verstegen Feeding and management: poultry 81 Effect of diet on air emissions from laying hens 83 W. Wu, W. Powers, R. Angel, C.E. Hale III and T. Applegate Effect of diet on air emissions from broiler chickens 85 W. Powers, R. Angel, and T. Applegate Combined effect of dietary acidogens and cation exchangers on laying hen manure ammonia emissions and egg production costs 87 E.C. Hale III Feeding and management: cattle 89 Prediction of fecal and urinary nitrogen excretion by dairy cattle 91 F.K. van Evert, H.G. van der Meer and J.J.M.H. Ketelaars Nutritional options to manipulate ammonia emission from excreta of dairy cattle 94 A. Bannink, J. Reijs and J. Dijkstra Milk urea concentration as an indicator for ammonia emission reduction from dairy barns by feeding measures 96 G. van Duinkerken and L.B.J. Šebek Examples of dairy cows diets to high yielding dairy cows, fed for decreased ammonia emission 99 C. Swensson Additives 103 Application of urease inhibitors in dairy facilities to reduce ammonia volatilisation 105 M. Leinker, A. Reinhardt-Hanisch, E. von Borell and E. Hartung http://www.wageningenacademic.com/doi/book/10.3920/978-90-8686-611-3 - Monday, September 14, 2015 8:53:05 AM North Carolina State University Libraries IP Address:152.1.40.107 10 Ammonia emissions in agriculture Research of feed and manure additives utilisation for ammonia and greenhouse gases emissions abatement in livestock breeding 108 A. Jelinek, M. Dedina and J. Dolejs Reduction of ammonia emissions from pig housing, slurry storage and applied slurry through acidification of slurry 110 P. Kai, P. Pedersen, J.E. Jensen and S.G. Sommer Reduction of ammonia emission and improved production efficiency in pig houses by acidification of slurry 113 S. Levi and S. Daren Cattle housing 115 Ammonia emissions from a low-profile cross-ventilated dairy barn 117 R.E.
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