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National Air Pollution Control Programme of the Federal Republic of Germany

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National Air Pollution Control Programme of the Federal Republic of Germany Courtesy Translation in English Provided by the Translation Services of the European Commission National Air Pollution Control Programme of the Federal Republic of Germany in accordance with Article 6 and Article 10 of Directive (EU) 2016/2284 on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants and in accordance with Sections 4 and 16 of the Ordinance on national commitments for reduction of certain atmospheric pollutions (43rd Federal Emissions Control Ordinance (BImSchV)) Title of the programme National Air Pollution Control Programme Date 22 May 2019 (Cabinet resolution) Member State Germany Name of competent authority responsible for drawing up Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and the programme Nuclear Safety (BMU), Working Group IG I 2 Telephone number of responsible service +49 30 18 305-2430/2434 Email address of responsible service [email protected] Link to website where the programme is published https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/nlrp2019 Link to website on the consultation relating to the https://www.bmu.de/meldung/beteiligung-der-oeffentlichkeit-im- programme rahmen-der-erstellung-des-nationalen-luftreinhalteprogramms/ 2 of 124 Table of contents List of figures 5 List of tables 7 List of abbreviations 9 Foreword 10 1 Introduction 11 1.1 National emission reduction commitments - a tool to improve air quality and to reduce pressure on ecosystems 11 1.1.1 Atmospheric pollutants 11 1.1.2 Emission reduction commitments 12 1.1.3 Scenarios, strategies and measures 13 1.1.3.1 Definitions 13 1.1.3.2 Methodology 15 1.1.4 Significance to air quality 17 2 Political framework for air quality and air pollution control 19 2.1 Policy priorities and their relationship to priorities set in other relevant policy areas 19 2.2 Responsibilities attributed to national, regional and local authorities 20 3 Progress made by current policies and measures in reducing emissions and improving air quality; extent of compliance with national and EU commitments, in relation to the year 2005 21 3.1 Emissions development from 2005 to 2016 in accordance with emissions reporting for 2018, compliance with national and EU regulations 21 3.1.1 Emissions development from 2005 to 2016 in accordance with emissions reporting for 2018 21 3.1.1.1 Development of emissions - overview 21 3.1.1.2 Development of SO2 emissions 2005 – 2016 25 3.1.1.3 Development of NOX emissions 2005 – 2016 26 3.1.1.4 Development of NMVOC emissions 2005 – 2016 29 3.1.1.5 Development of NH3 emissions 2005 – 2016 33 3.1.1.6 Development of PM2.5 emissions 2005 – 2016 35 3.1.2 Compliance with the emission reduction commitments in force 37 3.2 Development of ambient air quality 2005 -2016 39 3.2.1 Development of ambient air quality 2005 -2016 - compliance with national and EU regulations 39 3.2.1.1 Methodology for assessment for development of air quality 39 3.2.1.2 Development of NO2 concentrations 40 3.2.1.3 NO2 exceedance situations 42 3.2.1.4 Development of PM10 concentrations 45 3.2.1.5 PM10 exceedance situations 47 3.2.1.6 Development of PM2.5 concentrations 50 3.2.1.7 Development of O3 concentrations 52 3.2.1.8 O3 exceedance situations 55 3.2.1.9 CO exceedance situations 57 3.2.1.10 SO2 exceedance situations 58 3.2.2 Development of ambient air quality 2005 -2015 – results of dispersion modelling 58 3.2.2.1 Methodology 58 3.2.2.2 Modelled background NO2 concentrations 59 3.2.2.3 Modelled background SO2 concentrations 60 3.2.2.4 Modelled background NH3 concentrations 61 3.2.2.5 Modelled background PM2.5 concentrations 62 3.2.2.6 Modelled background O3 concentrations 63 3.2.2.7 Summary of results of dispersion modelling 65 3.3 Assessment of the development of cross-border transport of atmospheric pollutants from and to Germany 66 3 of 124 4 Projected further evolution assuming no change to strategies and measures already adopted 67 4.1 Emission projection to 2030 and assessment of emission reduction in comparison to 2005 in the With Measures Scenario (WM) 67 4.1.1 With Measures Scenario (WM) 67 4.1.1.1 Development in rates of activity - general 67 4.1.1.2 Further trend projections - air pollution control 69 4.1.2 Emission projection to 2030 in the With Measures Scenario (WM) 72 4.1.3 Description of the uncertainties linked to the emission projection in the With Measures Scenario (WM) 79 4.2 Description of the projected improvement in air quality in the With Measures Scenario (WM) 81 4.2.1 Modelled background NO2 concentrations 81 4.2.2 Modelled background SO2 concentrations 82 4.2.3 Modelled background NH3 concentrations 83 4.2.4 Modelled background PM2.5 concentrations 84 4.2.5 Modelled background O3 concentrations 85 4.2.6 Summary of results of dispersion modelling 87 5 Options for strategies and measures for complying with emission reduction commitments from 2020 and from 2030 and indicative interim targets from 2025 88 5.1 Further options for action for climate protection 88 5.2 Further options for action - NOX 90 5.3 Further options for action - NMVOC 91 5.4 further options for action - SO2 92 5.5 Further options for action - PM2.5 93 5.6 Further options for action - NH3 93 5.7 Reduction potential of further options of action 97 5.8 Further information for measures in the field of agriculture 98 6 Strategies and measures (including timetable for adopting measures, implementation and success monitoring and competent agency) 99 6.1 Report on the strategies and measures selected for implementation (including competent agency) 99 6.2 Assessment of consistency with plans and programmes in other policy fields 99 7 Report on emission projection, development of air quality and on the impact on the environment in the NEC compliance scenario for meeting reduction commitments (WAM - With Additional Measures) 101 7.1 Emission projection to 2030 and assessment of emission reduction in comparison to 2005 in the NEC Compliance Scenario (WAM) 101 7.2 Description of the uncertainties linked to the WAM projection 107 7.3 Description of the projected improvement in air quality in the NEC Compliance Scenario (WAM) 109 7.4 Projected impact on the environment in the NEC Compliance Scenario (WAM) 115 8 References 116 Annexes 117 A Annex - Emission sources according to Nomenclature for Reporting (NFR) 117 B Annexes– Emissions data relating to Chapter 3.1.1 121 4 of 124 List of figures Image 1: Emissions development of SO2, NOX, NMVOC, NH3 and PM2.5 from 1990 to 2016 ..... 22 Image 2: Emissions of SO2, NOX, NMVOC, NH3 and PM2.5 from 2005 to 2016 (Source: Emissions reporting for 2018) ...................................................................................... 23 Image 3: Development of SO2 emissions from 2005-2016 in Germany...................................... 25 Image 4: Development of NOX emissions from 2005-2016 in Germany ..................................... 26 Image 5: NOX emissions from transport 2005-2016 in Germany ................................................ 28 Image 6: Development of NMVOC emissions from 2005-2016 in Germany .............................. 30 Image 7: NMVOC emissions from transport 2005-2016 in Germany ......................................... 31 Image 8: Development of NH3 emissions from 2005-2016 in Germany ..................................... 34 Image 9: Development of PM2.5 emissions from 2005-2016 in Germany ................................... 35 Image 10: PM2.5 emissions from transport 2005-2016 in Germany .............................................. 36 Image 11: Development of the annual average of measured NO2 concentrations ...................... 41 Image 12: Modelled concentration maps for development of the annual average of measured NO2 concentrations with point information of measured values from stations close to traffic ................................................................................................. 42 Image 13: Representation of the development of exceedance situations for NO2 according to assessment areas (average annual value) ................................................................ 43 Image 14: Representation of the development of exceedance situations for NO2 according to assessment areas (average hourly value) ................................................................ 45 Image 15: Development of the annual average of measured PM10 concentrations ..................... 46 Image 16: Modelled concentration maps for development of the annual average of measured PM10 concentrations with point information of measured values from stations close to traffic and to industry ........................................................................ 47 Image 17: Representation of the development of exceedance situations for PM10 according to assessment areas (average annual value) ................................................................ 48 Image 18: Representation of the Average Exposure Indicator (AEI) for PM2.5 since 2010 ............ 51 Image 19: Development of the highest daily and hourly eight-hour averages for O3 .................. 53 Image 20: Development of the three-year average of the highest daily eight-hour average for O3 ............................................................................................................................ 54 Image 21: Modelled concentration maps for development of the three-year average of measured O3 concentrations ........................................................................................ 55 Image 22: Representation of the development of exceedance situations for O3 according to assessment areas (target
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