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Sportsturf 21 Form of Subsurface Drainage. on The form of subsurface drainage. On the a distance of 46’ would be about 5.5”. This school construct a new varsity baseball field skinned area, ½% slope is very difficult for would however be a very effective grading at another site comprised primarily of soccer the average maintenance crew to manage plan for a softball infield with no mound. fields. effectively and typically requires laser grad- This same consideration afforded to a The project started with the inspection ing a few times a year to remain effective. little league infield is necessary for a 90’ of the new site and selection of the location Some designers recommend a heavy tex- baseball infield where the height of the for the new field. The proposed location was tured clayey infield mix like XYZ stadium, pitching rubber is required to be 10” above in the corner of one of the existing soccer not understanding that unless the moisture home plate. In this situation you cannot fields. The site was rectangular in shape with in that mix is impeccably managed, it’s construct a regulation mound using any a diagonal slope of 1% across the entire going to get hard as a rock. more than a ½ % slope from the pitcher’s tract. We had the option of selecting from I witnessed a regulation little league in- mound to home plate. Even at ½% slope, two potential locations for the construction field constructed with a conical grading plan the mound would only be about 6” high project. We could use the upper corner similar to the professional field I described. allowing only enough elevation for a 6’ which would entail dealing with a diagonal In this case the designer was sharp. He un- landing zone in front of the rubber. In this cross slope away from the proposed home derstood that ½% slope isn’t sufficient. He situation the desires of the coaches and plate or we could use the bottom corner therefore recommended a 1% slope radiat- athletic director need to be understood and which would mean dealing with a 1% slope ing out in all directions from a point cen- the requirements prioritized to allow for a right down the center line of the proposed tered on the infield turf. What he failed to successful project. infield. Personally, I believe a cross slope is realize is that you cannot construct a regula- the most difficult slope to deal with on an tion pitcher’s mound using this grading plan ST. ROSE HS GETS A NEW FIELD infield. The excavation necessary to elimi- and adhere to the requirement that the I had the opportunity to be involved in a nate the cross slope was cost prohibitive so pitching rubber be 6” above home plate. In construction project at Saint Rose High right or wrong we opted to deal with the fact, there would be no mound at all. A 1% School in Belmar New Jersey. The loss of a 1% slope down the centerline. rise from home plate to a pitching rubber at facility they had used for years required the After the site selection, all those involved www.stma.org SportsTurf 21 FieldScience in the construction process were assembled to provide their particular expertise in the project. Those involved were: the coach/field maintenance supervisor; the athletic director; the landscape architect; and me, the consulting construction con- tractor. For a few different reasons including budget, it was decided that an engineer was not required for the project and the coach/field maintenance supervisor, Mark Fletcher would be serving as general con- tractor on the job. Based on the combined input from Mark and the athletic director, the architect developed the footprint for the field, in- cluding dugouts, warning track, backstop, fencing etc. Mark and I took soil tests, eval- >> NO COWS on this infield. uated the existing topsoil and chose an in- field mix that was compatible with the level of maintenance he would provide. The mix was about 75% sand with about 1:1 silt to clay ratio. Tuckahoe Turf Farms in Ham- monton, NJ was chosen as supplier for the bluegrass sod we would be installing. Mark also lined up an irrigation contractor to in- stall the irrigation and quick connect be- hind the pitcher’s mound. A mason was chosen for the dugouts and the retaining wall. A fencing contractor would be in- stalling the backstop and perimeter fencing. THE INFIELD GETS A PASSING GRADE Literally every infield I have seen that is constructed in the corner of a multipurpose facility has a problem with home plate >> A WALL was constructed to elevate home plate washing out due to the prevailing slope. For 24” and create an acceptable grading plan. this reason we decided to elevate home plate 24” by means of a wall directly behind the back stop. Along with this a diversion was designed around the outfield radius of the proposed infield to divert the prevailing flow of surface water around the infield. By elevating home plate 24” we were able to create a grading plan with a level center line and approximately a 1% slope to 1st and 3rd base that continued beyond the infield. I believe 1% to be the optimum slope for a baseball infield at this level of maintenance and play. It’s enough slope to get the water off the infield turf when internal permeabil- >> Above left: CLAY BRICKS were installed in the pitcher’s mound and home plate. ity of the root zone isn’t sufficient. 1% >> Above Right: 6” of topsoil was applied to all turf areas. slope on the infield skin provides good sur- 22 SportsTurf | January 2012 www.sportsturfonline.com face drainage, doesn’t require quite the pre- cision in maintenance a ½% slope requires and 1% slope minimizes the potential for erosion associated with a steeper slope of 1¼ to 1½%. The elevation of home plate created a need for about 500 cubic yards of fill mate- rial to raise the entire infield. Luckily the original construction of the complex had left a mountain of material that would work as an excellent fill material. The mate- rial was similar in texture to a sandy un- screened infield mix. I would compare it to >> SINCE THE TOPSOIL would be select fill which has a specified range of hy- reused, we stripped and removed the sod. draulic conductivity between 2” and 20” per hour. Select fill is a material sometimes the outfield radius of the infield to help the project. Consideration on the part of used to help regulate percolation in a septic with any water that might lay in the diver- all involved in the construction project al- system. Because the topsoil we would be sion. We did allow for channel drains to be lowed for a successful project and the con- using to cover the fill material was a heavy installed in front of the dugouts at a later struction of a safe, durable and playable textured soil that was not very permeable date if necessary. As with most any infield, field that is currently the pride of Saint and we all know that infield mix is not very we were relying on surface drainage to evac- Rose High School. ■ permeable, we decided subsurface drainage uate surface water from the infield. would not be necessary. The only drainage Once the grading plan and the archi- Jim Hermann, CSFM is President of Total pipe we installed was at the base of the wall tect’s footprint for the facility were finalized Control Inc. Athletic Field Management and we installed a sand slit drain around and documented, we were ready to begin www.totalcontrolinfields.com. www.stma.org SportsTurf 23 FieldScience | By Max Schlossberg, PhD, Joel Simmons SportsTurf’s Point–Counterpoint: SLAN vs. BCSR Soil fertility interpretation: The base saturation tool in base saturation or sufficiency level? turf management OIL FERTILITY TESTING is a valuable agronomic tool HE CONTROVERSY over the use of the base satura- composed of four steps; sampling, analysis, interpretation, and tion ratio (BCSR) versus the sufficiency levels of avail- Srecommendation. Sampling practice is standard boilerplate stuff. Table nutrients method (SLAN) has perpetuated for Perhaps modified in regard to depth; e.g. by potential rooting depth of many years now and with very little change in either side’s species or need for subsoil investigation, sampling accuracy improves thinking. The reality is that base saturation is one tool of many with each additional sub-sample pooled from the area of interest. that most independent agronomists use to help their clients be- The next stage is analysis, and “routine” soil fertility analysis affords come more successful. The other important reality is that most little artistic liberty. Submitted soils of us using the BCSR method are dried and homogenized before an also look very closely at the exact mass is mixed with an extrac- sufficiency levels of nutrients tion solution. Typically chosen on the studying both standard col- basis of regional parent material or loidal soil test audits and water sample soil pH, extraction solutions soluble paste extracts. include Mehlich-1, Bray P-1, Mor- For 25 years I have been a gan, and Mehlich-3. Their purpose is strong advocate of the BCSR to rapidly displace nutrients from soil model and have heard every- and preserve them in their soluble thing from “it’s wrong” to forms, facilitating precise measure of “he’s going to ruin golf solution nutrient concentrations by courses.” A university agrono- state-of-the-art analytical equipment. mist recently said to me “We >> Max Schlossberg, PhD Since a known volume of extractant >> Joel Simmons don’t agree with the BCSR is added to a known soil mass, each method but we know that resulting soil nutrient level (in parts per million, ppm) is derived pre- most independent consultants use this tool.” That spoke vol- cisely from extractant concentration (mg/L).
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