Chapter 3 Earthwork
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Heavy Equipment
Heavy Equipment Code: 5913 Version: 01 Copyright © 2007. All Rights Reserved. Heavy Equipment General Assessment Information Blueprint Contents General Assessment Information Sample Written Items Written Assessment Information Performance Assessment Information Specic Competencies Covered in the Test Sample Performance Job Test Type: The Heavy Equipment assessment is included in NOCTI’s Teacher assessment battery. Teacher assessments measure an individual’s technical knowledge and skills in a proctored prociency examination format. These assessments are used in a large number of states as part of the teacher licensing and/or certication process, assessing competency in all aspects of a particular industry. NOCTI Teacher tests typically oer both a written and performance component that must be administered at a NOCTI-approved Area Test Center. Teacher assessments can be delivered in an online or paper/pencil format. Revision Team: The assessment content is based on input from subject matter experts representing the state of Pennsylvania. CIP Code 49.0202- Construction/Heavy Career Cluster 2- 47-2073.00- Operating Engineers Equipment/Earthmoving Architecture and Construction and Other Construction Equipment Operation Equipment Operators NOCTI Teacher Assessment Page 2 of 12 Heavy Equipment Wrien Assessment NOCTI written assessments consist of questions to measure an individual’s factual theoretical knowledge. Administration Time: 3 hours Number of Questions: 232 Number of Sessions: This assessment may be administered in one, two, or three -
GEOTEXTILE TUBE and GABION ARMOURED SEAWALL for COASTAL PROTECTION an ALTERNATIVE by S Sherlin Prem Nishold1, Ranganathan Sundaravadivelu 2*, Nilanjan Saha3
PIANC-World Congress Panama City, Panama 2018 GEOTEXTILE TUBE AND GABION ARMOURED SEAWALL FOR COASTAL PROTECTION AN ALTERNATIVE by S Sherlin Prem Nishold1, Ranganathan Sundaravadivelu 2*, Nilanjan Saha3 ABSTRACT The present study deals with a site-specific innovative solution executed in the northeast coastline of Odisha in India. The retarded embankment which had been maintained yearly by traditional means of ‘bullah piling’ and sandbags, proved ineffective and got washed away for a stretch of 350 meters in 2011. About the site condition, it is required to design an efficient coastal protection system prevailing to a low soil bearing capacity and continuously exposed to tides and waves. The erosion of existing embankment at Pentha ( Odisha ) has necessitated the construction of a retarded embankment. Conventional hard engineered materials for coastal protection are more expensive since they are not readily available near to the site. Moreover, they have not been found suitable for prevailing in in-situ marine environment and soil condition. Geosynthetics are innovative solutions for coastal erosion and protection are cheap, quickly installable when compared to other materials and methods. Therefore, a geotextile tube seawall was designed and built for a length of 505 m as soft coastal protection structure. A scaled model (1:10) study of geotextile tube configurations with and without gabion box structure is examined for the better understanding of hydrodynamic characteristics for such configurations. The scaled model in the mentioned configuration was constructed using woven geotextile fabric as geo tubes. The gabion box was made up of eco-friendly polypropylene tar-coated rope and consists of small rubble stones which increase the porosity when compared to the conventional monolithic rubble mound. -
Mechanically Stabilized Embankments
Part 8 MECHANICALLY STABILIZED EMBANKMENTS First Reinforced Earth wall in USA -1969 Mechanically Stabilized Embankments (MSEs) utilize tensile reinforcement in many different forms: from galvanized metal strips or ribbons, to HDPE geotextile mats, like that shown above. This reinforcement increases the shear strength and bearing capacity of the backfill. Reinforced Earth wall on US 50 Geotextiles can be layered in compacted fill embankments to engender additional shear strength. Face wrapping allows slopes steeper than 1:1 to be constructed with relative ease A variety of facing elements may be used with MSEs. The above photo illustrates the use of hay bales while that at left uses galvanized welded wire mesh HDPE geotextiles can be used as wrapping elements, as shown at left above, or attached to conventional gravity retention elements, such as rock-filled gabion baskets, sketched at right. Welded wire mesh walls are constructed using the same design methodology for MSE structures, but use galvanized wire mesh as the geotextile 45 degree embankment slope along San Pedro Boulevard in San Rafael, CA Geotextile soil reinforcement allows almost unlimited latitude in designing earth support systems with minimal corridor disturbance and right-of-way impact MSEs also allow roads to be constructed in steep terrain with a minimal corridor of disturbance as compared to using conventional 2:1 cut and fill slopes • Geotextile grids can be combined with low strength soils to engender additional shear strength; greatly enhancing repair options when space is tight Geotextile tensile soil reinforcement can also be applied to landslide repairs, allowing selective reinforcement of limited zones, as sketch below left • Short strips, or “false layers” of geotextiles can be incorporated between reinforcement layers of mechanically stabilized embankments (MSE) to restrict slope raveling and erosion • Section through a MSE embankment with a 1:1 (45 degree) finish face inclination. -
AAHS New Objective Grading System to Provide Prognostic Value To
New Objective Grading System to Provide Prognostic Value to Cubital Tunnel Surgery Cory Lebowitz, DO; Lauryn Bianco, MS; Manuel Pontes, PhD; Mitchel K. Freedman, DO; Michael Rivlin, MD INTRODUCTION TABLE 1: ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC GRADING SYSTEM RESULTS CONCLUSION • The use of electrodiagnostic (EDX) • • 101 patients; 60 male & 41 Electrodiagnostic studies is well documented on its female studies not only aid a value as diagnostic tool, however, little clinical diagnosis of is known about its prognostic value for • Overall quickDASH went from 38 to 41 CuTS but can cubital tunnel surgery (CuTS) provide a framework • We report which EDX results yield • Discovered a cut off of a for the outcome of prognostic value for the surgical Sensory Amplitude of 38 treatment for CuTS based on patients surgery • We form an EDX based grading quickDASH improvement • system for CuTS that is predictive of • Patients with a sensory Specifically when outcome amplitude that was looking at the considered normal MCV across the METHODS based off the literature elbow with the but abnormal (i.e <38) sensory • Patients with CuTS were treated based off our data amplitude surgically with an ulnar nerve failed to improve in decompression +/- transposition their quickDASH • The grading system • Pre & Postoperative quickDASH scores is reproducible and scores and demographics reviewed • 97 patients (96%) fit in to can aid in following • Preoperative EDX reviewed: similar patient for • EMG the grading system • 93.8% inter-observer outcome evaluation • Motor Amplitudes and clinical studies • Motor Conduction Velocities reliability to use the • Sensory Amplitude grading system • Conduction Block • Those with a grade 3 had • Grading system constructed solely on the largest quickDASH EDX: nerve conduction studies and improvement electromyography variable. -
Linktm Gabions and Mattresses Design Booklet
LinkTM Gabions and Mattresses Design Booklet www.globalsynthetics.com.au Australian Company - Global Expertise Contents 1. Introduction to Link Gabions and Mattresses ................................................... 1 1.1 Brief history ...............................................................................................................................1 1.2 Applications ..............................................................................................................................1 1.3 Features of woven mesh Link Gabion and Mattress structures ...............................................2 1.4 Product characteristics of Link Gabions and Mattresses .........................................................2 2. Link Gabions and Mattresses .............................................................................. 4 2.1 Types of Link Gabions and Mattresses .....................................................................................4 2.2 General specification for Link Gabions, Link Mattresses and Link netting...............................4 2.3 Standard sizes of Link Gabions, Mattresses and Netting ........................................................6 2.4 Durability of Link Gabions, Link Mattresses and Link Netting ..................................................7 2.5 Geotextile filter specification ....................................................................................................7 2.6 Rock infill specification .............................................................................................................8 -
Mechanically Stabilized Earth Wall Abutments for Bridge Support
JOINT TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PROGRAM FHWA/IN/JTRP-2006/38 Final Report MECHANICALLY STABILIZED EARTH WALL ABUTMENTS FOR BRIDGE SUPPORT Ioannis Zevgolis Philippe Bourdeau April 2007 TECHNICAL Summary Technology Transfer and Project Implementation Information INDOT Research TRB Subject Code: 62-6 Soil Compaction and Stabilization April 2007 Publication No.FHWA/IN/JTRP-2006/38, SPR-2855 Final Report Mechanically Stabilized Earth Wall Abutments for Bridge Support Introduction Using MSE structures as direct bridge abutments objective of this study was to investigate on the would be a significant simplification in the design possible use of MSE bridge abutments as direct and construction of current bridge abutment support of bridges on Indiana highways and to systems and would lead to faster construction of lead to drafting guidelines for INDOT engineers highway bridge infrastructures. Additionally, it to decide in which cases such a solution would be would result in construction cost savings due to applicable. The study was composed of two major elimination of deep foundations. This solution parts. First, analysis was performed based on would also contribute to better compatibility of conventional methods of design in order to assess deformation between the components of bridge the performance of MSE bridge abutments with abutment systems, thus minimize the effects of respect to external and internal stability. differential settlements and the undesirable “bump” Consequently, based on the obtained results, finite at bridge / embankment transitions. Cost savings in element analysis was performed in order to maintenance and retrofitting would also result. The investigate deformation issues. Findings MSE walls have been successfully used walls compared to conventional reinforced as direct bridge abutments for more than thirty concrete walls is their ability to withstand years. -
Electrophysiological Grading of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Electrophysiological Grading of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome MUHAMMAD WAZIR ALI KHAN ABSTRACT Background: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy caused by a conduction block of distal median nerve at wrist. Women are affected more commonly than men. Clinical signs are quite helpful in diagnosis but electrophysiological tests yield accurate diagnosis and severity grading along with follow-up and management. Aim: To utilize nerve conduction studies (NCS) to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome and further classify its severity according to the AAEM criteria. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Neurology, Sh. Zayed Medical College/Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan from June 2013 to Dec 2014. Overall, 90 patients and 180 hands were evaluated through nerve conduction studies. Patients with clinically high suspicion of CTS were included for NCS. Clinical grading was done using the AAEM criteria for CTS. Other variables like duration of symptoms, handedness, bilateral disease and gender were noted. Mean and median were calculated for age of the patients. Results: Ninety patients and 126 hands were identified with carpal tunnel syndrome. Most patients (80%) were females with age range from 19 to 75 years. More than one third had bilateral disease. Dominant hand was involved in majority of the patients. Most patients had (42.8%) severe CTS as per AAEM criteria. Also duration of symptoms directly correlated with severity of disease. Conclusion: Nerve conduction study is a valuable tool in accurate diagnosis and grading of carpal tunnel syndrome. Keywords: Phalen sign, Tinel Sign, electrophysiology, median nerve INTRODUCTION 4,5,6 electrophysiological findings, are quite valuable . -
Montlake Cut Tunnel Expert Review Panel Report
SR 520 Project Montlake Cut Tunnel Expert Review Panel Report EXPERT REVIEW PANEL MEMBERS: John Reilly, P.E., C.P.Eng. John Reilly Associates International Brenda Böhlke, Ph.D., P.G.. Myers Böhlke Enterprise Vojtech Gall, Ph.D., P.E. Gall Zeidler Consultants Lars Christian Ingerslev, P.E. PB Red Robinson, C.E.G., R.G. Shannon and Wilson Gregg Korbin, Ph.D. Geotechnical Consultant John Townsend, C.Eng. Hatch-Mott MacDonald José Carrasquero-Verde, Principal Scientist Herrera Environmental Consultants Submitted to the Washington State Department of Transportation July 17, 2008 SR520, Montlake Cut, Tunnel Alternatives, Expert Review Panel Report July 17h, 2008 Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................................................5 1.1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................5 1.2. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS ......................................................................................................5 1.3. TUNNELING METHODS CONSIDERED......................................................................................................5 Figure 1 - Immersed Tunnel Construction (General) ......................................................................................6 Figure 2 - Tunnel Boring Machine (Elbe River, Hamburg) ............................................................................6 Figure 3 – Sequential Excavation -
5 Embankment Construction
5 Embankment Construction Rock Embankment Lift Requirements Compaction Methods Shale and Soft Rock Embankments Lift and Compaction Requirements Embankments on Hillsides and Slopes Embankments over Existing Roads Treatment of Existing Roadbeds Density Control Settlement Control Method of Measurement CHAPTER FIVE: EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION The purpose of this chapter is to teach the Technician how to properly inspect embankment construction. The knowledge acquired will enable the Technician to implement the skills necessary to insure a good, solid, and lasting embankment which is absolutely necessary for a durable and safe highway. Different classifications of materials encountered, lift requirements, compaction methods, benching, density tests, moisture content, earthwork calculations, and Specifications relating to each particular area of embankment of construction will be discussed. ROCK EMBANKMENT Rock excavation consists of removing rock which cannot be excavated without blasting. This material includes all boulders or other detached stones each having a volume of 1/2 yd3 or more. In a rock fill, the lifts are thick and the voids between the rock chunks are large. Although these voids are filled with fines at the top and sides of the embankment, inside the embankment many large voids remain. If these rock pieces remain intact, deformations are small within the embankment because of the friction and interlocking between pieces. LIFT REQUIREMENTS The requirements for a rock embankment are: 1) No large stones are allowed to nest and are distributed over the area to avoid pockets. Voids are filled with small stones. 2) The final 2 ft of the embankment just below the subgrade elevation is required to be composed of suitable material placed in layers not exceeding 8 in. -
BRIDGE DESIGN MEMORANDUM – DM0211 TO: RPG Structural
BRIDGE DESIGN MEMORANDUM – DM0211 TO: RPG Structural Engineers Design Consultants DATE: July 7, 2011 RE: SCDOT Geotechnical Design Manual, Version 1.1 Revisions to Chapters 4, 8, 9, 10, and 17 The first paragraph of Section 4.3 of the SCDOT Geotechnical Design Manual shall be amended by inserting the following sentence between the fifth and sixth sentences: Any requests to deviate from these minimum requirements shall be made in writing and shall be forwarded to the PCS/GDS for consideration. All testing shall be to a sufficient depth to effectively evaluate the appropriate limit state conditions and shall fully penetrate any formation that will affect performance (e.g., settlement or slope instability of a roadway embankment or roadway structure). The paragraph in Section 4.3.3 of the Manual shall be deleted and replaced with the following paragraph: All roadway embankments shall have one testing location at least every 500 feet along the roadway embankment. In addition, roadway embankments within 150 feet of a bridge end shall have a minimum of two testing locations; one at the bridge end (which is also used for bridge foundation design) and one at a point 150 feet from the bridge end. The testing location 150 feet from the bridge end must be to a depth that is sufficient to effectively evaluate Extreme Event I limit state for the roadway embankment design. SCDOT Geotechnical Design Manual, Version 1.1 DM0211 Page 2 July 7, 2011 Table 8-11 of the Manual shall be deleted and replaced with the following table: Table 8-11, Roadway Structure Operational Classification (ROC) Roadway Structure Operational Classification Description (ROC) Roadway embankments located within 150 feet of a bridge with OC = I. -
Estimating Sediment Losses Generated from Highway Cut and Fill Slopes in the Lake Tahoe Basin
NDOT Research Report Report No. 493-12-803 Estimating Sediment Losses Generated from Highway Cut and Fill Slopes in the Lake Tahoe Basin December 2014 Nevada Department of Transportation 1263 South Stewart Street Carson City, NV 89712 Disclaimer This work was sponsored by the Nevada Department of Transportation. The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the State of Nevada at the time of publication. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. University of Nevada, Reno Estimating Sediment Losses Generated from Highway Cut and Fill Slopes in the Lake Tahoe Basin A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Hydrologic Sciences By Daniel L. Stucky Dr. Keith E. Dennett/Thesis Advisor December 2014 THE GRADUATE SCHOOL We recommend that the thesis prepared under our supervision by DANIEL L. STUCKY entitled Estimating Sediment Losses Generated from Highway Cut And Fill Slopes in the Lake Tahoe Basin be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Dr. Keith Dennett, Advisor Dr. Eric Marchand, Committee Member Dr. Paul Verburg, Graduate School Representative Marsha H. Read, Ph. D., Dean, Graduate School December, 2014 i ABSTRACT Lake Tahoe’s famed water clarity has gradually declined over the last 50 years, partially as a result of fine sediment particle (FSP, < 16 micrometers in diameter) contributions from urban stormwater. Of these urban sources, highway cut and fill slopes often generate large amounts of sediment due to their steep, highly-disturbed nature. -
CHAPTER 9. SITE DEVELOPMENT Article 1. Grading, Excavation and Filling Sec
Walnut Creek Municipal Code TITLE 9. BUILDING REGULATIONS CHAPTER 9. SITE DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 9. SITE DEVELOPMENT Article 1. Grading, Excavation and Filling Sec. 9-9.01. Purpose. It is the declared intent of the City of Walnut Creek to promote the conservation of natural resources, including the natural beauties of the land, streams and water sheds, hills and vegetation, and as described in Sec. 10-2.1301 of the Walnut Creek Municipal Code and Government Code §65560(b) (1) to protect the health and safety, including the reduction or elimination of the hazards of earth slides, mud flows, rock falls, undue settlement, erosion, siltation and flooding, or other special conditions as described in Government Code §65560(b) (4) by minimizing the adverse effects of grading, cut and fill operations, water runoff and soil erosion. Therefore, the following regulatory provisions of this chapter are hereby adopted for the purpose of stringent control of all aspects of grading operations. (§1, Ord. 1193, eff. December 26, 1973) Sec. 9-9.02. Permits Required. No person shall do any grading without first having obtained a grading permit from the City except for the following: a. An excavation below finished grade for basements and footings of a building, retaining wall, swimming pool or other structure authorized by a valid building permit. This statement shall not exempt from permit requirements any fill made with the material from such excavation nor exempt any excavation having an unsupported height greater than five feet after the completion of such structure; b. Cemetery graves; c. Refuse disposal sites controlled by other regulations; d.