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Component-I (A) – Personal Details Component-I (A) – Personal details: Prof. P. Bhaskar Reddy Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati. Prof. V. Venkata Ramana Reddy Director, O.R.I., S. V.University, Tirupati. Prof. V. Venkata Ramana Reddy Director, O.R.I., S. V.University, Tirupati. Prof. V. Kannan University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad. 1 Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Paper Name Vedic, Epic and Puranic culture of India Module Name/Title Important Characters in Ramayana Module Id I C / VEPC / 19 Pre requisites Knowledge in later Vedic literature and importance of Ramayana To know about Significance of Ramayana Objectives Characters, major characters of Ramayana, Unique bonding between some characters, Ramayana characters in Mahabharata Keywords Ramayana / epic E-text (Quadrant-I): 1. INTRODUCTION: CHARACTERS IN RAMAYANA The Ramayana is one of the greatest epics of Hindu Mythology. Written by the sage Valmiki. The Ramayana is not just a story, but also an perfect medium for educating ones life. This has been an educational medium utilized by the ancient sages to impart the values of doing ones dharma (duty) and maintain relationships. The Ramayana has many varieties of characters who set as example how to lead life and how one should not. These characters are templates of roles a human play in life as an ideal father, ideal son, ideal brother, ideal leader, ideal wife, etc. The Ramayana is just not a fictional story, but depicts the importance of values such as how to lead a family life, up keeping the promises, protecting the weak etc. The great epic Ramayana preach a lot of values that we would want our next generation to inculcate. One can Learn the greatest gems of Hindu Epics, namely the Ramayana to make our children to live with moral values and ethics. In the next heads will discuss the importance of major character of Ramayana what an individual should learn from it. It also teaches what a person should not do in life for e.g. Ravana though well learned man met his death because of his bad vices. All the characters of Ramayana are mirror of the human virtues and vices. The entire theme narrates family and life in a macrocosm. The characters in Ramayana are very much inspired from the real life. Ramayana is not only an epic but also a Historical depiction. We can also get the first hand information about the society and situation of Ramayana times. From the ages till even modern contemporary world the acceptability of the characters in Ramayana is praise worthy. The narration of the great epic is through the characters, they are very instrumental in narration of the epic. They are very apt and interwoven and related to each other which helps to bring a significant ending. Each of the characters significantly evolve with the progress of the story at different times and places in this great Sanskrit epic. Many of the characters like Lord Rama, Sita, Lakshmana, Hanuman and others are considered as deities according to Hindu mythology. Prince Rama is considered as the seventh incarnation of Lord Vishnu; whereas Hanuman is considered as the incarnation of Lord Shiva. The villain of in the epic, Ravana, is an iconic doomed character in Hindu mythology. Some religious sects regard Ravana as a deity as 2 well. The character traits in Ramayana are categorized into three parts according to the dynasties. Today thousands read the sacred Ramayana, but few understand its core essence. They spend their time in acquiring mere bookish knowledge and learn knowledge superficially, but fail to put the wisdom acquired into practice. There are many people who can render or chant Ramayana in a beautiful way, but how many of them follow the instructions and listen to the command of their fathers in their respective life? Ver few does! Just reading various texts will not take anyone anywhere, if we do not understand and put into practice the message conveyed in them? Intellect will blossom only when there is transformation in human beings. The story of the Ramayana reveals the ideal relationship that should exist between brothers. Lakshmana and Satrughna served Rama and Bharata respectively with utmost devotion and sincerity. When Lakshmana fell in the battlefield by Indrajeet’s arrow, Rama bemoaned, "In this world I might find another mother like Kausalya, a wife like Sita, but definitely not a brother like Lakshmana." A brother should be like this - one who respects elders and brings fame to the whole family. It is the unanimity and the bond amongst the brothers that brought reputation to the whole Raghu family. 2. RAMAYANA'S TEACHING ABOUT CHARACTERIZATION: Ramayana teached about the bondage between two persons and various relationship an individual to the family and society. A person plays a role of husband, father , brother, son, friend and various kinds of relationship in his circles. What is the highest order of standard of relationship is depicted in Ramayana. For example relationship between brothers of Rama is an ideal to the rest of the humanity. They lived in unity in spite of troubles and turmoil. Kaikeyi wanted her son Bharata to be the king of Ayodhya, but Bharata never had such a dream. He went to Chitrakoota Mountain, fell at the feet of Rama and prayed to come back and take over the kingdom of Ayodhya. But, Rama did not yield more over quoted the Vedic dictum “Mathru Devo Bhava, Pithru Devo Bhava”. He advised Bharata to follow the command of the father and fulfill the wish of his mother. This is why Rama’s Pitruvakyaparipalana and adhering to truthful speech is hailed as de-facto highest standard of ethics. 2.1 The various Relationships we find in Ramayana In Ramayana we find very interesting varieties of characters which is the mirror of the world. Brothers, wife and husband, Friends etc. Three types of brothers Rama and Lakshmana Vali and Sugreeva Ravana and Vibheeshana Three types of Wife and husband Sita and Rama Mandodhari and Ravana Tara and Vali 5 types of Friendship Rama and Sugreeva Vali and Ravana Varuna and Mainaka Ravana and Maaricha Jatayu – Dasaratha 3 types of Kings and Subjects Rama and Ayodhya kingdom 3 Ravana and Lankans Sugreeva and Vanaras 3. Major Characters in Ramayana: RAMA: Rama is the 7th Avatar of God Vishnu according to the Hindu belief. All kinds of human charm appeared on him. He was born to the King Dasaratha of Ayodhya kingdom. Mother is Queen Kauslya. He had portrayed as the epitome of virtue and ideal son. He was considered as Personification of Dharma (Ramo Vigrahavan Dharmaha). He was the accomplished king of ancient India and his kingdom is called Rama Rajya, the perfect way of State Administration. SITA: Sita was the avatar of Goddess Lakshmi, the consort of Vishnu. Sita had portrayed as the epitome of female purity and virtue. She is the beloved wife of Rama was the daughter of king Janaka who got her in a field (Bhumija). Along with Rishi Viswamitra Rama went to Mithila (current day Janakpur, Nepal), and got a chance to participate in the challenge (swayamvara) marry her. The competition was to lift a heavy Bow given by Lord Shiva. Though not compulsory she followed her husband into exile. She was abducted by Ravana and was imprisoned on the island of Lanka. Rama waged a battle on Ravana and rescued her by killing the demon king Ravana. Kusha and Lava ware borne as sons of Sita and Rama. LAKSHMANA: Lakshmana was the younger brother of Rama and twin brother of Shatrughnu. He was the son of King Dasaratha and Queen Sumitra. He had chosen to go into exile with Rama and Sita. Lakshmana has portrayed as ideal brother. He spended his time protecting Sita and Rama. Lakshmana was married to Sita's younger sister Urmila. He had two sons, named Angad and Chandraketu. BHARATA: Bharata was the son of Dasharatha and Queen Kaikeyi. He learned that his mother Kaikeyi had asked Rama into exile which caused Dasharatha to die heartbroken. He left the palace and went in search of Rama in the forest. Rama refused to return from his exile to become the king. Bharata to refused to ascend the throne. He obtained Rama's sandals, and placed them on the throne as a representation of Rama , the true king. Bharata then ruled Ayodhya as the regent of Rama for the next fourteen years. He was married to Mandavi. He had two son, named Taksha and Puskal. SATRUGHNA: Satrughna was the son of Dasharatha and Sumitra. He was the youngest brother of Rama and also the twin brother of Lakshmana. He had married to Shrutakirti.He. He had two son, named Subahu and Shatrughati. DASHARATHA: Dasharatha was the valor king of Ayodhya who helped the Gods on the war on Asuras. He is the father of Rama. He had three queens, Kausalya, Kaikeyi and Sumitra, and three other sons: Bharata, Lakshmana and Shatrugna. Queen Kaikeyi, Dasharatha's favourite queen, utilizes the boons bestowed by the king on her. She sends Rama to exile and to make her son Bharata as the crown prince. Dasharatha died heartbroken after Rama goes into exile. Kousalya, Kaikeyi and Sumitra Kousalya was the mother of Rama and Queen of Ayodhya. She was a great mother who loved her son and supported his cause of keeping up the parents word. Sumitra was the mother of Lakhmana and Shatrughnu, another great mother sent her son Lakshmana along with the elder brother Ram to forest for service. Kaikeyi was fundamentally a good natured and who loved Rama more than anyone, but by the venomous counsel of her maid servant Manthara whom she consider loyal and wise.
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