7/8 TLE BEAUTY CARE (Nail Care)

SERVICES Module 4: Nail Shapes in Nail Care Services Quarter 1, Week 4

LYNNE B. GAHISAN

M```````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````` ````````````````````````````````

(SUPPORT MATERIAL FOR INDEPENDENT LEARNING ENGAGEMENT) A Joint Project of SCHOOLS DIVISION OF DIPOLOG CITY and the DIPOLOG CITY GOVERNMENT

TLE – Grade 7/8 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 4: Nail Shapes in Nail Care Services

First Edition, 2020

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Lynne B. Gahisan Editor: Lynne B. Gahisan Reviewers: Rosel P. Patangan Illustrator: Layout Artist: Management Team: Virgilio P. Batan Jr. – Schools Division Superintendent Jay S. Montealto – Asst. Schools Division Superintendent Amelinda D. Montero – Chief, Education Supervisor, CID Nur N. Hussien – Chief, Education Supervisor, SGOD Ronillo S. Yarag – Education Program Supervisor, LRMS Leo Martinno O. Alejo – Project Development Officer II, LRMS

Printed in the Philippines by ______Department of Education – Region IX –SCHOOLS DIVISION OF DIPOLOG CITY

Office Address: Purok Farmers’, Olingan, Dipolog City ______Telefax: ______E-mail Address: ______

7/8 TLE Module 4: Nail Shapes in Nail Care Services Week 4

Learning Outcome 1: Identify Nail Structure and Shapes

TLE_HEBC7/8MT-0j-6

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.

The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help the learner demonstrates understanding in nail structure in nail care services. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is intended for the Grade 7/8 students Exploratory Course on Beauty Care (Nail Care) Services.

You are now in Beauty Care (Nail Care) Services-Module 4: Week 4: Learning Outcome 1: Identify nail structure and shapes

After going through this module, you are expected to learn: TLE_HEBC7/8MT-0j-6

1.2 Identify Nail Structure

What I Know

PRE-TEST: Multiple Choice: Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter in one whole sheet of paper.

1. Listed below are the different parts of a nail structure EXCEPT for a. keratin and tissues c. nail plate and eponychium b. root and nail bed d. paronychium and hyponychium 2. What is the function of the nail? a. to crack or break off under pressure c. corrective maintenance b. to act as a shock absorber d. predictive maintenance 3. Why is it important to have a free edge of the nail? a. to break off under pressure b. this ensures that all nail is covered and protected c. to act as a shock absorber d. to distinguish touch, pain, and temperature 4. Where does the cell originate and move forward towards the fingertips? a. the cell originates under the cuticle c. in the nail plate b. beyond the hyponychium d. in the matrix 5. What is the description of a normal healthy nail? a. firm but flexible c. hard and rough b. spotted with wavy ridges d. bluish in color 6. How many percent does a healthy nail has water content? a. 10 to 15 percent c. 15 to 25 percent b. 20 to 25 percent d. 25 to 30 percent 7. Where does the natural nail is located? a. located at the nail plate b. at the end of the finger or toe c. in the nail cuticle d. at the eponychium 8. What do you call a hard-protective plate composed mainly of keratin?

a. nail folds b. eponychium c. matrix d. natural nail 9. Identify the hardened keratin plate that sits on and covers the nail bed. a. nail plate b. matrix c. nail bed d. nail folds 10. Choose the appropriate definition of a nail bed. a. The most visible and functional part of the nail unit b. the part of the nail plate that extends over the tip finger or toe c. the portion of living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows through the free edge d. the area where the nail plate cells are formed 11. Which part of the nail that is dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate? a. hyponychium b. nail cuticle c. specialized ligaments d. eponychium 12. Select the average rate of nail growth in the normal adult per month? a. ½ of an inch b. 1/8 of an inch c. 1/10 of an inch d. 1/16 of an inch 13. Which fingernail has the fastest nail growth rate? a. middle finger b. thumb c. ring finger d. little finger 14. What is the best recommendation for a nail to improve flexibility and by reducing water loss? a. apply acetone to the nail plate b. wear protective gloves for wet jobs such as washing the dishes c. avoid harsh chemicals such as strong soaps and detergents d. Coating the plate with an oil-based nail conditioner or nail polish 15. How would you remove your artificial nails? a. use a cuticle remover b. use a nipper in removing it c. remove it carefully and according to the manufacturers’ instructions d. use cotton with acetone

Lesson 1 Nail Structure in Nail care Services

On this page, you will answer an activity to recall the previous lesson you have taken.

What’s In

Activity 1

Directions: True or False. Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and write the word FALSE if the statement is in correct. STATEMENTS TRUE/FALSE

1. Maintenance is performed while equipment is still working. 2. Preventive maintenance is the process of preserving a condition or situation or the state of being preserved. 3. Corrective maintenance is a maintenance which is carried out after failure detection. 4. Metal implements are nail pusher, curette, clippers, nippers, or any other type of metal tools. 5. A preventive maintenance checklist it has twelve tasks to follow in preventive maintenance. 6. Clean clippers, glass files, and cuticle nippers regularly. 7. Share emery boards because they are made of paper, they can be properly sanitized. 8. A regular inspection takes productivity and safety to the next level. 9. When tools and equipment damage, the workplace gets Interrupted. 10. The better condition of your equipment is in the less time you’ll need to spend or repairs, and more work, you can get done.

What’s New

This time you’re going to answer an activity that set your mind on the next lesson on nail structure in nail care services. Look at this picture!

Directions: Describe the pictures above in at least thirty words. Write your answer in one whole sheet of paper. 1. Differentiate the three pictures. 2. What are the different colors of nail polish being applied? 3. Which picture do you like best? Why? 4. Is it easy to maintain that kind of nail shape? 5. Being a nail technician, what shape of the nail is appropriate for you?

What is It

`You probably know that the natural nail has a cuticle. Do you know whether the cuticle is living or dead skin? And do you know where the plate and the bed are located in the natural nail? Thus, learning in this module will help find the answers to these questions and more because you cannot perform professional nail services without understanding the structure and growth of the natural nail.

Definition of Terms Words to be Defined Meaning Bed Epithelium Thin layer of tissue that attaches the nail plate and the nail bed. Eponychium Living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix area. Free Edge Part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe. Hyponychium Slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and free edge of the natural nail plate. Ligament Tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place. Lunula Visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin; it is the whitish, half-moon shape at the base of the nail. Matrix Area where the nail plate cells are formed; this area is composed of matrix cells that produce the nail plate. Nail Bed Portion of the living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge. Nail Cuticle Dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate. Nail Folds Folds of normal skin that surround the natural nail plate. Nail Grooves Slits or furrows on the sides of the sidewall. Nail Plate Hardened keratin plate that sits on and covers the natural nail bed. It is the most visible and functional part of the natural nail unit. Natural Nail Also known as onyx; the hard protective plate is composed mainly of keratin, the same fibrous protein found in skin and hair. The keratin in natural nails is harder than the keratin in skin or hair. Natural Nail Unit Composed of several major parts of the fingernail including the nail plate, nail bed, matrix, cuticle, eponychium, hyponychium, specialized ligaments, and nail fold. Together, all of these parts form the nail unit. Sidewall Also known as lateral nail fold; the fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail.

The Natural Nail A natural nail, also known as onyx, is the hard-protective plate composed mainly of keratin, the same fibrous protein found in skin and hair. The keratin in

natural nails is harder than the keratin in skin or hair. The natural nail is located at the end of the finger or toe. It is an appendage of the skin and is part of the integumentary system, which is made up of the skin and its various organs. Nail plates protect the tips of the fingers and toes, and their appearance can reflect the general health of the body. A normal, healthy nail is firm but flexible. The surface is shiny, smooth, and unspotted with no wavy ridges, pits, or splits. A healthy nail also is whitish and translucent in appearance, with the pinkish color of the nail bed showing through. In some races, the nail bed may have more yellow tones. The water content of the nail varies according to the relative humidity of the surrounding environment; in a humid environment, nails contain more water. A healthy nail may look dry and hard, but its water content is actually between 15 and 25 percent. The water content directly affects the nail’s flexibility. The lower the water content, the more rigid the nail becomes. Coating the plate with an oil-based nail conditioner or nail polish improves flexibility by reducing water loss.

Basic Information About Nail Nail is a plate of keratin that lies on the tips of the fingers and toes. The main purpose of the nail is to protect the fingers and toes, however, the fingernail also assists with certain physical activities in daily life.

Below are the diagrams of the nail and its structure

Structures of Nail Lunula

The pearly colored and crescent shaped is due to the cells being pushed closely together, the blood capillaries cannot be seen through the lunula because of this.

Free Edge The part of the nail that can be filed and shaped. It is an extension of the nail plate that overlaps the hyponychium.

Nail walls The folds of skin that overlap the sides of the nail. They hold your nail in place and protect the nail plate edges.

Nail Grooves This lies along side of the edge of the nail plate. The function of the nail groove is to keep the nail growing in a straight line.

Nail Mantle The nail mantle is the layer of epidermis at the base of the nail, before the cuticle. The function of the nail mantle is to protect the matrix from physical damage.

Nail Plate The nail plate is a hardened keratin plate that sits on and covers the nail bed. It is the most visible and functional part of the nail unit. The nail plate is relatively porous and will allow water to pass through it much more easily than through normal skin of an equal thickness. As it grows, the nail plate slowly slides across the nail bed. The nail plate is formed by the matrix cells. The sole job of the matrix cells is to create nail plate cells. The nail plate may appear to be one solid piece, but is actually constructed of about 100 layers of nail cells. The free edge is the part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe.

Nail Bed The nail bed is the portion of living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge. Because it is richly supplied with blood vessels, the nail bed has a pinkish appearance from the lunula to the area just before the free edge of the nail.

Matrix The matrix is the area where the nail plate cells are formed; this area is composed of matrix cells that produce the nail plate cells. The matrix contains nerves, lymph, and blood vessels to nourish the matrix cells. As long as it is nourished and healthy, the matrix will continue to create new nail plate cells. Growth and appearance of the nails can be affected if an individual is in poor health, if a nail disorder or disease is present, or if there has been an injury to the matrix.

Cuticle The nail cuticle is the dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate. The cuticle comes from the underside of the skin that lies above the natural nail plate. This tissue is incredibly sticky and difficult to remove from the nail plate. Its job is to seal the space between the natural nail plate and living skin. This prevents entry of foreign material and microorganisms and helps avoid injury and infection.

Eponychium

The eponychium is the living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix area. The eponychium is often confused with the nail cuticle. They are not the same. The cuticle is the dead tissue adhered to the nail plate; the eponychium is living tissue that grows up to the nail plate. The cuticle comes from the underside of this area, where it completely detaches from the eponychium and strongly attaches to the new growth of nail plate.

Hyponychium The hyponychium is the slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and the free edge of the natural nail plate. It forms a protective barrier that prevents microorganisms from invading and infecting the nail bed.

Specialized Ligaments A ligament is a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place. Specialized ligaments attach the nail bed and matrix bed to the underlying bone. These ligaments are located at the base of the matrix and around the wedges of the nail bed.

Nail Folds The nail folds are folds of normal skin that surround the nail plate. These folds form the nail grooves, which are the slits or furrows on the sidewall. The sidewall, also known as lateral nail fold is the fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail.

Nail Growth

A normal nail grows forward from the matrix and extends over the tip of the finger. Normal, healthy nails can grow in a variety of shapes, depending on the shape of the matrix. The length, width, and curvature of the matrix determine the thickness, width, and curvature of the natural nail plate. For example, a longer matrix produces a thicker nail plate, and a highly curved matrix creates a highly curved free edge. No product or procedure can make the nail plate grow thicker because a thicker nail plate would require a larger matrix. Toenails are also thicker and harder than fingernails because the toenail matrix is longer than the fingernail matrix.

The average rate of nail growth in the normal adult is about 1/10 of an inch (2.5 mm) per month, but many factors affect this growth rate. Age, for example, affects nail growth. Compared with the nails of an average adult, children’s nails grow more rapidly, and elderly adults’ nails grow more slowly. Seasons also affect nail growth rate; nails grow faster in the summer than they do in the winter. Pregnancy dramatically affects nail growth because of hormonal changes in the body. Nail growth rates increase dramatically during the last trimester of pregnancy and decrease quickly after delivery, returning to normal as hormone levels return to normal. A nail’s position on the body affects its growth rate. Nail growth rate is fastest on the nail of the middle finger and slowest on the thumb, and toenails grow more slowly than fingernails.

What’s More

To learn more and deepen your understanding, do and accomplish all the given activities.

Activity 1. Identification Directions: Identify the different parts of a nail and write their corresponding functions. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

What I Can Do

Activity 1 Matching Type Direction: Match Column A with Column B. Write your answer in ½ sheet of paper. Column A Column B 1. Eponychium A. Slits or furrows on the sides of the sidewall. 2. Free Edge B. Folds of normal skin that surround the natural nail plate. 3. Hyponychium C. Dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate. 4. Ligament D. Portion of the living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge. 5. Lunula E. Area where the nail plate cells are formed; this area is composed of matrix cells that produce the nail plate. 6. Matrix F. Visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin; it is the whitish, half-

moon shape at the base of the nail. 7. Nail Bed G. Tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place. 8. Nail Cuticle H. Slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and free edge of the natural nail plate. 9. Nail Folds I. Part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe. 10. Nail Grooves J. Living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix area.

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter in one whole sheet of paper.

1. What is the function of the nail? a. to crack or break off under pressure c. corrective maintenance b. to act as a shock absorber d. predictive maintenance 2. Listed below are the different parts of a nail structure EXCEPT for a. keratin and tissues c. nail plate and eponychium b. root and nail bed d. paronychium and hyponychium 3. Where does the cell originate and move forward towards the fingertips? a. the cell originates under the cuticle c. in the nail plate b. beyond the hyponychium d. in the matrix 4. Why is it important to have a free edge of the nail? a. to break off under pressure b. this ensures that all nail is covered and protected c. to act as a shock absorber d. to distinguish touch, pain, and temperature 5. How many percent does a healthy nail has water content? a. 10 to 15 percent c. 15 to 25 percent b. 20 to 25 percent d. 25 to 30 percent 6. What is the description of a normal healthy nail? a. firm but flexible c. hard and rough b. spotted with wavy ridges d. bluish in color 7. What do you call a hard-protective plate composed mainly of keratin? a. nail folds b. eponychium c. matrix d. natural nail 8. Where does the natural nail is located? a. located at the nail plate c. in the nail cuticle b. at the end of the finger or toe d. at the eponychium 9. Choose the appropriate definition of a nail bed. a. The most visible and functional part of the nail unit b. the part of the nail plate that extends over the tip finger or toe c. the portion of living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows through the free edge d. the area where the nail plate cells are formed

10. Identify the hardened keratin plate that sits on and covers the nail bed. a. nail plate b. matrix c. nail bed d. nail folds 11. Select the average rate of nail growth in the normal adult per month? a. ½ of an inch c. 1/10 of an inch b. 1/8 of an inch d. 1/16 of an inch 12. Which part of the nail that is dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate? a. hyponychium b. nail cuticle c. specialized ligaments d. eponychium 13. What is the best recommendation for a nail to improve flexibility and by reducing water loss? a. apply acetone to the nail plate b. wear protective gloves for wet jobs such as washing the dishes c. avoid harsh chemicals such as strong soaps and detergents d. Coating the plate with an oil-based nail conditioner or nail polish 14. Which fingernail has the fastest nail growth rate? a. middle finger b. thumb c. ring finger d. little finger 15. How would you remove your artificial nails? a. use a cuticle remover b. use a nipper in removing it c. remove it carefully and according to the manufacturers’ instructions d. use cotton with acetone

Additional Activities

Activity I Directions: At home, use a magnifying glass to examine the hands of at least three members of the family. Write your answer in one whole sheet of paper.

1. Look at the nail cuticle and eponychium on each finger. 2. Observe how the thin cuticle tissue attaches to and rides on top of the nail plate as the cuticle emerges from under the eponychium at the base of the nail plate. 3. Examine the eponychium to see how it differs in appearance from the cuticle. 4. Identify which tissue can be removed and which tissue should never be cut.

Name of the members of the family Signature 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3.

Observation/Results of your Examination:

Answer Key

C 15. C 15.

A 14. D 14.

D 13. A 13.

B 12. C 12.

C 11. B 11.

A 10. C 10.

Matrix 10.

C 9. A 9.

bed Nail 9.

B 8. D 8.

Wall Nail 8.

D 7. B 7.

groove Nail 7.

A 6. C 6.

Hyponychium 6.

C 5. A 5.

Mantle 5.

B 4. D 4.

Cuticle 4.

D 3. B 3.

Lunula 3.

A 2. C 2.

Plate Nail 2.

C 1. A 1.

Edge Free 1.

1 Activity

Assessment Know I What

More What's

A 10.

B 9.

True 10.

C 8.

True 9. D 7.

True 8. E 6.

False 7. F 5.

True 6. G 4.

False 5. H 3. true 4.

I 2. true 3.

J 1.

False 2.

False 1.

Do I Can What’s

In What’s

References

• Adriano, Beatriz A., Guardian, Annabel L., K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education -Home Economics-Beauty Care(Nail Care) Services CG Dec.,2013

• Kibbe, Constance V. Standard Textbook of Cosmetology. Milady Publishing Corp: 1984

• Moore, Oakley and Franco. The World of Cosmetology. McGraw-Hill Book Company: 1980

• Milady’s Standard Cosmetology Textbook 2012, 1st ed. college.cengage.com/cosmetology/course360/milady_0840024789/ebook/ milady_9781439059302_ch09.pdf

• Slideshare.net/Syedlmran151/structure-of-nail-and-diseases

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]