International Journal for Educational Media and Technology

Co-Editors-in-Chief Seungyeon Han (Hanyang Cyber University, Korea) Insung Jung (International Christian University, Japan)

Advisers to Editors-in-Chief Byungro Lim (, President of KAEIM) Katsuaki Suzuki (Kumamoto University, President of JAEMS) Mi Ryang Kim (, Editor-in-Chief of KAEIM) Kenichi Kubota (Kansai University, Editor-in-Chief of JAEMS)

Editors Elizabeth Boling (Indiana University, U.S.A.) Vanessa Dennen (Florida State University) Yasushi Gotoh (Niigata University, Japan) Barbara Grabowski (Pennsylvania State University, U.S.A.) Insook Han (Temple University, U.S.A.) Jae Hoon Han (Howon University, Korea) Takeharu Ishizuka (Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Junior College, Japan) Jong Won Jung (, Korea) Yukari Kato (Nagoya University of Foreign Studies, Japan) John Keller (Florida State University, U.S.A.) MiHwa Kim (Hanyang Cyber University, Korea) Minjeong Kim (, Korea) Nari Kim (University of Wisconsin, U.S.A.) Kinshuk (Athabasca University, Canada) Makiko Kishi (Meiji University, Japan) Takayuki Konno (Meisei University, Japan) Kyungbin Kwon (Indiana University, U.S.A.) Thanomporn Laohajaratsang (Chiang Mai University, Thailand) Hyeon Woo Lee (SangmyungUnuiversity, Korea) Ji-Yeon Lee (Inha University, Korea) Kyu Yon Lim (Ewha Womans University, Korea) Terumi Miyazoe (Tokyo Denki University, Japan) Yangjoo Park (Hannam University, Korea) Ferdinand B. Pitagan (University of the Philippines, Philippines) J. Michael Spector (Florida State University, U.S.A.) Kosuke Terashima (Osaka Kyoiku University, Japan)

Managing Editors Shinichi Sato (Nihon Fukushi University, Japan)

International Journal for Educational Media and Technology is published annually by the joint editorial board of Japan Association for Educational Media Studies (JAEMS) and Korean Association for Educational Information and Media (KAEIM). Copyright 2016

IJEMT, Vol.10, No. 1, 2016, ISSN 1882–2290