House of Commons International Development Committee Darfur, Sudan: The responsibility to protect Fifth Report of Session 2004–05 Volume II Oral and written evidence Ordered by The House of Commons to be printed 16 March 2005 HC 67-II [Incorporating HC 67-i to -vi] Published 30 March 2005 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £18.50 The International Development Committee The International Development Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Department for International Development and its associated public bodies. Current membership Tony Baldry MP (Conservative, Banbury) (Chairman) John Barrett MP (Liberal Democrat, Edinburgh West) Mr John Battle MP (Labour, Leeds West) Hugh Bayley MP (Labour, City of York) Mr John Bercow MP (Conservative, Buckingham) Ann Clwyd MP (Labour, Cynon Valley) Mr Tony Colman MP (Labour, Putney) Mr Quentin Davies MP (Conservative, Grantham and Stamford) Mr Piara S Khabra MP (Labour, Ealing Southall) Chris McCafferty MP (Labour, Calder Valley) Tony Worthington MP (Labour, Clydebank and Milngavie) Powers The Committee is one of the departmental select committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No 152. These are available on the Internet via www.parliament.uk Publications The Reports and evidence of the Committee are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House. All publications of the Committee (including press notices) are on the Internet at www.parliament.uk/indcom Committee staff The staff of the Committee are Alistair Doherty (Clerk), Hannah Weston (Second Clerk), Alan Hudson and Anna Dickson (Committee Specialists), Katie Phelan (Committee Assistant), Jennifer Steele (Secretary) and Philip Jones (Senior Office Clerk). Contacts All correspondence should be addressed to the Clerk of the International Development Committee, House of Commons, 7 Millbank, London SW1P 3JA. The telephone number for general enquiries is 020 7219 1223; the Committee’s email address is [email protected] Witnesses Monday 29 November 2004 Page Dr Suliman Baldo, Africa Program Director, International Crisis Group Ev 1 Tuesday 14 December 2004 Ms Maniza Ntekim, Parliamentary Officer, Amnesty International UK, Mr Steve Crawshaw, London Director, Human Rights Watch, and Mr Toby Porter, Emergencies Director, Save the Children UK, representing the Sudan Advocacy Coalition Ev 13 Tuesday 21 December 2004 Rt Hon Hilary Benn MP, Secretary of State for International Development, Dr Alistair McPhail, UK Special Representative for Sudan, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and Mr Brian Thomson, former Head of FCO/DFID Sudan Unit Ev 26 Wednesday 9 February 2005 Mr Jan Egeland, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Co-ordinator, and Mr Oliver Ulich, Humanitarian Affairs Officer, UN Office for the Co-ordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Ev 40 Tuesday 22 February 2005 Dr Mukesh Kapila, Former UN Resident and Humanitarian Co-ordinator for the Sudan Ev 48 Wednesday 23 February 2005 Rt Hon Hilary Benn MP, Secretary of State, and Ms Anna Bewes, Head of the Sudan Unit, Department for International Development Ev 60 List of written evidence Department for International Development (DFID) Ev 71; Ev 92; Ev 96 The Aegis Trust Ev 97 Mark Pallis, All Party Parliamentary Group on the Great Lakes Region and Genocide Prevention Ev 99 Amnesty International UK Ev 100 Associate Parliamentary Group for Sudan Ev 103 Suliman Baldo, James Morton, Roland Marchal and Alex de Waal Ev 105 Darfur Relief and Documentation Centre (DRDC) Ev 110 ECHO - The Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid of the European Commission Ev 128 Embassy of the Republic of the Sudan (London) Ev 133 The European Sudanese Public Affairs Council (ESPAC) Ev 137 Human Rights Watch (HRW) Ev 145 International Crisis Group (ICG) Ev 149 Liberation Ev 152 Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Ev 154 UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Ev 155 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Ev 159; Ev 165; Ev 166 UN World Food Programme (WFP) Ev 168 ; Ev 172 Alex Vines, Chatham House Ev 174 List of unprinted written evidence Additional papers have been received from the following and have been reported to the House but to save printing costs they have not been printed and copies have been placed in the House of Commons Library where they may be inspected by Members. Other copies are in the Record Office, House of Lords and are available to the public for inspection. Requests for inspection should be addressed to the Record Office, House of Lords, London SW1. (Tel 020 7219 3074). Hours of inspection are from 9:30am to 5:00pm on Mondays to Fridays. Report by the Associate Parliamentary Group for Sudan: Sudan’s Opportunity for Peace and Development? Visit to Sudan 27 June- 4 July 2004 (this includes a chapter on Darfur, pages 48-64) Letter to the Chairman from the Rt Hon Hilary Benn MP, Secretary of State for International Development, following questions raised on the WHO mortality survey and White Nile Ltd. International Development Committee: Evidence Ev 1 Oral evidence Taken before the International Development Committee on Monday 29 November 2004 Members present: Hugh Bayley Mr Tony Colman Mr John Bercow Mr Quentin Davies Ann Clwyd Tony Worthington In the absence of the Chairman, Tony Worthington was called to the chair Witness: Dr Suliman Baldo, Africa Program Director, International Crisis Group (ICG), examined. Q1 Tony Worthington: You are very welcome, Dr Q3 Tony Worthington: Thank you very much; I Baldo, and we are very much looking forward to think that was helpful. Again, before we start, just a your evidence on behalf of the International Crisis point of clarification which Ineed—and Ido not Group. As Iam sure you know, as a Committee we know if my colleagues do as well—but there are are going to Sudan at the end of January and your references to the Sudan Liberation Army and the help in preparing us for that visit, alongside all the Justice and Equality Movement; perhaps you could other material that we are receiving, will be very put those in context? The Justice and Equality welcome indeed. Could Ijust say to start with that Movement, in my reading, is associated with Turabi, we have heard a great deal about the work of the who leads an Islamic Party; I understand that much. International Crisis Group and read a great deal in Could you talk about whether there is any link at all the past. It would be helpful to start with if you could between the Sudanese Liberation Army/Movement talk a little bit about what the ICG is and how it and the Sudanese People’s Liberation Army/ comes to be involved? Movement with the SPLA, with which we have been Dr Baldo: Many thanks for having me, your familiar for years? What is that relationship? Is Honour, and ladies and gentlemen. Iam pleased to there one? be here and very honoured. Iappreciate this Dr Baldo: Starting with the Justice and Equality opportunity and thank you for having me. Iam here Movement, it is associated with al-Turabi’s Popular representing the International Crisis Group. It is a Congress in Sudan, but not in a way that, again as non-profit, private multi-national organisation, the government is arguing, is the armed faction of with headquarters in Brussels, whose mission is to the Political Popular Congress of Hassan al-Turabi. help and contribute to conflict prevention and So there is a loose association. Senior members of containment through advocacy, field-based research Turabi’s group have joined the game and are and investigations. The organisation has about 100 V pursuing their policy objectives that are national and field-based analysts in di erent parts of the world— that are overlapping with those of the Popular Africa, the Middle East, the Balkans, Asia, South Y Congress. So there is that kind of intimate East Asia, and advocacy o ces in Brussels, New relationship between the two. With regard to the York, Washington and Moscow, with the aim of Sudan Liberation Army/Movement, it was founded engaging the international powers and international by young Darfurians who were exposed, in urban players to help with conflict prevention and centres to which they migrated as young workers containment. Our work in Africa is again based on and graduates, to the ideology of the SPLA and their this model of field research and we have field oYces interaction with migrants who became displaced in Dakar, Pretoria and in Nairobi for Central and from southern Sudan in these urban areas, and as East Africa. The work in Sudan was launched in such the SLA is very much influenced by the 2002, accompanying mainly— ideology of “a new Sudan”. That is the ideology that John Garang, chairman of the SPLA, had Q2 Mr Davies: While we are talking about the formulated when founding the SPLA in the mid-80s. Agency itself, can you just tell us what are the Later on we have had reliable reports that the SPLA, sources of funding of the International Crisis the southern Sudan People’s Liberation Army, had Group? helped establish the SLA in its infancy by training Dr Baldo: The main funding comes from private fighters for the SPLA and for the SLA—for the foundations and individuals. ICG also is an agency Sudan Liberation Movement and Army, and that receives government funding and in that therefore Darfurian recruits to the tune of 1,500— capacity it receives considerable funding, for and arming them. When the Southern SPLA started example, from the Canadian government, the in negotiations with the government for a peace Norwegians, several Member States of the agreement they distanced themselves from directly European Union, the EU itself, Britain and Ireland.