Rundbrief Sudan Und Südsudan 2/2019

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Rundbrief Sudan Und Südsudan 2/2019 RUNDBRIEF 2/2019 SUDAN/SÜDSUDAN KOORDINATIONSGRUPPE 2054 SUDAN /SÜDSUDAN RUNDBRIEF SEITE 2 / 11 SUDAN/SÜDSUDAN INHALT SÜDSUDAN Aktuelle politische Situation…………………………………….3 Menschenrechtsverletzungen……………………………………3 Neuer Bericht zu Straflosigkeit/HCSS – Aktion……………….4 Todesstrafe………………………………………………………..5 Briefmarathon 2019, Einzelfall Magai Matiop Ngong………..5 SUDAN Aktuelle politische Situation…………………………………….6 Menschenrechtsverletzungen……………………………………8 Besuch im Auswärtigen Amt – Migrationskooperationen……10 Aktuelle Filme zu Sudan……………………………………….11 Bild auf Seite 1: Magai Matiop Ngong, Südsudan, wurde 2017 im Alter von 15 Jahren zum Tode verurteilt und ist einer von zehn Fällen des diesjährigen Amnesty-Briefmarathons. AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL Deutschland e. V. Koordinationsgruppe Sudan/Südsudan Martina Liedke E: [email protected] . W: www.amnesty-zentral-ostafrika.de SPENDENKONTO . Bank für Sozialwirtschaft IBAN: DE23 3702 0500 0008 0901 00 . BIC: BFS WDE 33XXX RUNDBRIEF SEITE 3 / 11 SUDAN/SÜDSUDAN SÜDSUDAN Aktuelle politische Situation Die Sicherheitslage ist instabil und von zahlreichen Konflikten auf lokaler, regionaler und nationaler Ebene gekennzeichnet, unterstützt von Ernteausfällen, einer der weltweit schlimmsten Hungerkatastrophen und Millionen von Binnenflüchtlingen. Auch Proteste und Demonstrationen haben stets Gewaltpotenzial. 54 % der Bevölkerung sind von akuter Nahrungsmittelknappheit bedroht, davon 30 Prozent von Hungersnot. Es wird zwar eine einigermaßen gute Ernte erwartet, jedoch stellen die schlechten Transportwege ein andauerndes Problem dar. Die allgemeine wirtschaftliche Lage ist noch schlechter als im Sudan. Die Korruption ist weiterhin sehr verbreitet und nimmt immer weiter zu, auch innerhalb der Kirchen. Es leben immer noch über 800.000 Flüchtlinge und Asylsuchende in Camps in Uganda. 1.5. Mio. IDPs leben im Südsudan. Mit Neuabschluss eines Friedensvertrags im September 2018 sind politisch motivierte Kampfhandlungen zwischen den Konfliktparteien mit wenigen Ausnahmen, vor allem in Zentraläquatoria, landesweit zwar zurückgegangen. Dennoch bleibt das Gewaltniveau gegen die Zivilbevölkerung allgemein sehr hoch, nächtliche Ausgangssperren gelten fort. Die massenhafte Rekrutierung junger Männer dauert an, was Gerüchten über eine unmittelbar bevorstehende erneute Eskalation des Konfliktes Auftrieb gibt, besonders wenn es nicht zu einer Regierungsbildung ab Mitte November kommt. Im Land macht sich Resignation breit. Angesichts des immer gleichbleibenden politischen Personals gibt es keine Hoffnung auf wirkliche Veränderung auch wenn die Regierungsbildung im November erfolgreich verlaufen sollte. Anfang November wurde ein erneuter Aufschub der Regierungsbildung um 100 Tage vereinbart. In den Landesteilen Central Equatoria, Western Equatoria, in den Grenzgebieten zu Uganda und der Demokratischen Republik Kongo, aber vereinzelt auch in Bahr el Ghazal, Unity State und Upper Nile kommt es weiterhin immer wieder zu begrenzten bewaffneten Auseinandersetzungen. In der Hauptstadt Juba kommt es immer wieder zu nächtlichem Schusswaffengebrauch. Die Grenzziehung zwischen Sudan und Südsudan ist nach wie vor ungeklärt. Auch operieren Rebellenverbände aus dem Sudan im Grenzgebiet zwischen beiden Staaten. Dies kann zu bewaffneten Auseinandersetzungen in der Grenzregion zum Sudan führen. Der UN-Sicherheitsrat hatte Ende Mai das Waffenembargo und Sanktionen gegen den Südsudan um ein Jahr erneuert. Die südsudanesische Regierung fordert den Sicherheitsrat auf, die Sanktionen zurückzunehmen. Die Umweltzerstörung nimmt bedrohliche Ausmaße an, vor allem die andauernde Rodung der Wälder. Die Ausfuhr des Holzes erfolgt immer noch über Sudan, die Transporte werden durch das ugandische Militär geschützt. Zurzeit sind im Südsudan mindestens 800.000 Menschen von Überschwemmungen betroffen, was zum Ausbruch von schweren Krankheiten, wie z.B. Cholera geführt hat. Menschenrechtsverletzungen In einer Rede vor dem UN-Menschenrechtsrat sagte Amnesty International, dass sie weiterhin besorgt seien über den geringer werdenden zivilen Raum für Südsudanes_innen im Südsudan und in Kenia sowie über das illegale Verhalten des Nationalen Sicherheitsdienstes (NSS). Hier der Link: South Sudan: Amnesty International Urges South Sudan to Rein in the National Security Service and Respect the Rights to Freedom of Expression and Peaceful Assembly Zwischen Mai und Juli 2019 dokumentierte Amnesty mehrere Fälle von Belästigung, Einschüchterung und willkürliche Inhaftierungen von regierungskritischen Südsudanes_innen durch Sicherheitskräfte in Südsudan, Äthiopien und Kenia. Die Gewalt gegen humanitäre Einrichtungen und Mitarbeiter hat in den letzten Monaten laut UNOCHA stark zugenommen. Besonders in Ost-Equatoria kam es zu Überfällen und Diebstählen. Laut UNMISS sind seit September 2018 mindestens 104 Zivilisten in Central Equatoria getötet worden und über einhundert RUNDBRIEF SEITE 4 / 11 SUDAN/SÜDSUDAN Mädchen und Frauen erlitten sexuelle Gewalt. Die Pressefreiheit ist weiterhin stark eingeschränkt. Es werden immer wieder Journalist_innen und Medienschaffende willkürlich inhaftiert und ohne Anklage festgehalten, so auch im Juli 2019, als der Chefredakteur der Zeitung Al Watan, Michael Christopher, vom NSS ohne Anklage inhaftiert wurde. Weiterhin werden im Südsudan über 4000 Personen vermisst. Obwohl im Juli 32 Kindersoldaten von Oppositionsgruppen freigelassen wurden, ist die Anzahl der Kindersoldaten im gesamten Land angestiegen. Neuer Bericht zu Straflosigkeit / HCSS – Aktion Schwere Menschenrechtsverletzungen, Kriegsverbrechen und Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit prägten den Konflikt im Südsudan. Die Verantwortlichen aber bleiben straffrei, weil die Politik das Justizsystem dominiert. Seit dem Ausbruch des Konfliktes im Dezember 2013 wurde lediglich ein einziger Fall verfolgt, bei dem auch ausländische Mitarbeiter_innen einer Hilfsorganisation unter den Opfern waren. An vielen Orten, wie z.B. Juba, Malakal und Bentiu im Südsudan wurden schlimme Verbrechen an Zivilpersonen begangen. Die südsudanesische Regierung hat zwar Untersuchungsausschüsse eingesetzt, deren Berichte aber meist nicht veröffentlicht. Die Verbrechen von Regierungstruppen wurden gänzlich unterschlagen. Ein neuer Bericht von Amnesty International dokumentiert, dass der südsudanesische Präsident Salva Kiir den Tätern häufig pauschale Amnestien gewährt und den Opfern von Kriegsverbrechen so ihr Recht auf Wahrheit, Gerechtigkeit und Wiedergutmachung verweigert. Nur in einem einzigen Fall wurden Untersuchungen durchgeführt und zehn Regierungssoldaten verurteilt. Sie wurden schuldig befunden, am Überfall des Terrain Hotels im Juli 2016 beteiligt gewesen zu sein, wo ein Journalist getötet und mehrere Mitarbeiter_innen einer Hilfsorganisation vergewaltigt wurden. Das genau dieser Fall untersucht wurde, ist hauptsächlich darauf zurückzuführen, weil sich unter den Opfern ausländische Staatsbürger_innen befanden, deren Regierungen sich für die Aufklärung der Verbrechen eingesetzt hatten. Aber auch Kriegsverbrechen, die an der südsudanesischen Bevölkerung begangen wurden, müssen aufgeklärt und gegebenenfalls bestraft werden: «Sowohl Regierungstruppen als auch Truppen der bewaffneten Opposition haben schwerwiegende Verbrechen begangen. Die südsudanesischen Behörden haben es bis jetzt versäumt, diese Verbrechen zu untersuchen und die Verantwortlichen zur Rechenschaft zu ziehen. Es braucht jetzt eine effektive Alternative zum nationalen Justizapparat», sagt Joan Nyanyuki, Direktorin für Ostafrika von Amnesty International. Viele Opfer hatten ihre Hoffnung auf Gerechtigkeit in das ‚Hybrid Court for South Sudan‘ (HCSS) gesetzt. Die Regierung Südsudans hatte sich bei der Unterzeichnung der Friedensabkommen 2015 und 2018 dazu verpflichtet, diesen einzurichten. Bisher besteht das Gericht aber nur auf dem Papier. Amnesty International fordert deswegen, dass die Regierung Südsudans ihren Versprechen umgehend Taten folgen lässt und diesen Gerichtshof einsetzt. Wenn das nicht geschieht, sollte die Afrikanische Union ein Ad-hoc-Tribunal einrichten, damit die unzähligen Opfer von Verbrechen im Südsudan endlich Zugang zu Wahrheit, Gerechtigkeit und Wiedergutmachung erhalten. RUNDBRIEF SEITE 5 / 11 SUDAN/SÜDSUDAN Hier geht es zum Originalbericht AFR 6511052019 South Sudan_Do you think we will prosecute ourselves _7 Oct 19_FINAL.pdf Wir haben außerdem einen Appellbrief an die AU erstellt: Brief AU.pdf , Brief AU deutsch.pdf Todesstrafe Unsere Aktion zur Todesstrafe (siehe Rundbrief 1) verlief sehr erfolgreich. Bis Ende August hatten wir über 5000 Unterschriften gesammelt. Leider geht die Hinrichtungswelle im Südsudan weiter. Zum 10.10., dem internationalen Tag gegen die Todesstrafe, stellte Amnesty mit großer Besorgnis fest, dass im September wieder vier Personen hingerichtet wurden. Eine Person, die hingerichtet wurde, war zur Tatzeit noch minderjährig. AFR6511792019ENGLISH Briefmarathon 2019 – Einzelfall Magai Matiop Ngong Südsudan: Mit 15 zum Tode verurteilt – Todesurteil gegen Magai Matiop Ngong aufheben ! Child on South Sudan’s death row. When South Sudan got its independence in 2011, the country had the opportunity to break with Sudan’s practice of imposing death sentences and executing people but chose not to. Since 2011 Amnesty International has recorded 36 executions and the imposition of 58 death sentences in South Sudan. By 6 June 2018 at least 345 people were known to be under the sentence of death.Since 2011 Amnesty International has recorded 36 executions and the imposition of 58 death sentences
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