DOCSLIB.ORG

Sudan: Interaction Between International and National Judicial Responses to the Mass Atrocities in Darfur

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

SUDAN: INTERACTION BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL JUDICIAL RESPONSES TO THE MASS ATROCITIES IN DARFUR BY SIGALL HOROVITZ DOMAC/19, APRIL 2013 ABOUT DOMAC THE DOMAC PROJECT focuses on the actual interaction between national and international courts involved in prosecuting individuals in mass atrocity situations. It explores what impact international procedures have on prosecution rates before national courts, their sentencing policies, award of reparations and procedural legal standards. It comprehensively examines the problems presented by the limited response of the international community to mass atrocity situations, and offers methods to improve coordination of national and international proceedings and better utilization of national courts, inter alia, through greater formal and informal avenues of cooperation, interaction and resource sharing between national and international courts. THE DOMAC PROJECT is a research program funded under the Seventh Framework Programme for EU Research (FP7) under grant agreement no. 217589. The DOMAC project is funded under the Socio-economic sciences and Humanities Programme for the duration of three years starting 1st February 2008. THE DOMAC PARTNERS are Hebrew University, Reykjavik University, University College London, University of Amsterdam, and University of Westminster. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Sigall Horovitz is a PhD candidate at Faculty of Law of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She holds an LL.M. from Columbia University (2003). Ms. Horovitz worked as a Legal Officer at the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, during 2005-2008. She also served with the Office of the Prosecution in the Special Court for Sierra Leone, in 2003-2004 and in 2010. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to thank the interviewees and the anonymous reviewer for their valuable input. This paper represents not the collective views of the DOMAC Project, but only the views of its author. © 2013 Sigall Horovitz Published by DOMAC Reykjavik University Menntavegi 1, 101 Reykjavik Iceland 1 DOMAC/19: Sudan EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Hundreds of thousands of civilians lost their lives and millions were displaced as a result of the armed conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan, fought between the Sudanese government and its allied “Janjaweed” militia on the one hand, and rebel groups on the other hand. At the time of writing, hostilities are ongoing and civilians continue to suffer from atrocities, after various attempts to end the conflict have failed. In March 2005, the UN Security Council referred the Darfur situation to the International Criminal Court (ICC), pursuant to the recommendation of the UN-appointed International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur. Four Sudanese officials were thus far charged by the ICC for atrocities committed in Darfur, including Sudan’s President Omar Al-Bashir, who was charged with genocide. The ICC also charged three Darfuri rebel leaders for attacking peacekeepers in Darfur, and they appeared before the ICC voluntarily. However, the four Sudanese officials who were charged are at large. Sudan has consistently refused to surrender them or otherwise cooperate with the ICC. Moreover, Sudanese national courts have not been prosecuting the Darfur atrocities. Thus, no one has been held accountable for the mass atrocities committed against the Darfuri population. This report posits that, given the limited capacity of international courts in terms of the number of perpetrators they can prosecute, an effective fight against impunity requires the international community to adopt a comprehensive approach which promotes the utilization of international and national accountability processes in parallel. However, such a comprehensive approach is difficult to contemplate in cases such as Darfur, where the relevant state authorities fiercely resist the establishment of any form of accountability for the atrocities. What we can and should hope for, in such cases, is that the international judicial involvement will eventually encourage (fair and ge nuine) national procedures that address the atrocities in parallel to the international process. Assessing whether and to what extent this happened in the Darfur case is the object of this report. To identify ICC impact on judicial developments in Sudan, the author analyzed various legal and other documents, and conducted in-depth interviews with five ICC officials and three UN judicial officials who worked on legal matters in Darfur between 2004 and 2009. 2 DOMAC/19: Sudan TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................1 Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................2 List of abbreviations ........................................................................................................................3 1. Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………...4 1.1 Object of Report ………………………………………………………………………...5 1.2 Structure and Methodology ………………………………………………………...6 2. Country Background ………………………………………………………………………...7 2.1 General ………………………………………………………………………………...7 2.2 Political and Legal Systems ……………………………………………………...…9 3. Conflict Background ……………………………………………………………………….10 3.1 The Conflict in Darfur ……………………………………………………………….10 3.2 The Mass Atrocities ……………………………………………………………….11 4. Conditions for Prosecutions in Sudan ..…..……………………………………….13 4.1 Legal Capacity to Prosecute the Atrocities ……..………………..………………….13 4.2 Political Will to Prosecute the Atrocities ……………………………………….19 5. National Judicial Response to the Atrocities ……………………………………….20 6. International Judicial Response to the Atrocities: ICC ……………………………….24 6.1 ICC Background ……………………………………………………………………….24 6.2 ICC Case Concerning Sudan .....…………………………………………………….25 7. ICC – Sudan Relations ……………………………………………………….27 7.1 Sudan’s Non-Cooperation with the ICC ...….……………………….……………… 27 7.2 Third Parties’ Influence on ICC-Sudan relations ………………………………….30 8. ICC’s Impact on Sudan’s Judicial Response to the Atrocities ……………………….33 8.1 Impact on National Prosecution Rates and Trends .…………………………..….34 8.2 Normative Impact ..………………………………………………………………..….39 8.3 Impact on Domestic Sentencing Practices ..……………….……..…………...….40 8.4 Capacity Building Impact ...……....……..…………………………………………...41 9. Conclusion and Recommendations ……………………………………………….42 3 DOMAC/19: Sudan LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AFA ……………………………………………………………………….….. Armed Forces Act AU ……………………………………………………………………….………… African Union AUPD ………………………………………………….……… AU High-Level Panel on Darfur CPA ……………………………………… North/South Comprehensive Peace Agreement DPA …………………….…………………………………………... Darfur Peace Agreement HRW …………………………………………………………………… Human Rights Watch ICC …………………………………………………………… International Criminal Court ICID ……………………………………….…. International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur JEM ………………………………………………………… Justice and Equality Movement NCP …………………….…………………………………….……… National Congress Party OTP ………………………………………………… The Office of the Prosecutor of the ICC SCCED …………………………………….. Special Criminal Court for Events in Darfur SLA ……………………………………………………………….. Sudan Liberation Army SPLM ………………………………………………… Sudan People’s Liberation Movement URF …………………………………………………………………… United Resistance Front UN ……………………………………………………………………………... United Nations UNAMID ………………………………….. United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur 4 DOMAC/19: Sudan 1. INTRODUCTION Hundreds of thousands of civilians lost their lives and millions were displaced as a result of the armed conflict in Darfur, a region in western Sudan. The conflict broke out in 2003, between the Sudanese government and its allied “Janjaweed” militias, on the one hand, and two Darfuri rebel groups, the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM), on the other hand. 1 International pressure led to various peace negotiations, but with little success. At the time of writing, hostilities are ongoing and civilians continue to suffer from atrocities. In October 2004, the United Nations (UN) appointed an International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur (ICID) to investigate the atrocities and suggest means to hold the perpetrators accountable. 2 The ICID investigation revealed that serious atrocities, including crimes against humanity, were committed in Darfur by members of the Sudanese government and Janjaweed militias.3 The ICID also concluded that Darfuri rebels committed crimes against civilians which may amount to war crimes. 4 It recommended that the UN Security Council refer the situation in Darfur to the International Criminal Court (ICC or Court) in The Hague. 5 In March 2005, the UN Security Council referred the situation to the ICC through its Resolution 1593.6 At the time of writing, the ICC has charged seven individuals for atrocities committed in Darfur, four of them are Sudanese officials and three are Darfuri rebel leaders. The officials include: Sudan’s President Omar Al-Bashir, the first sitting head of state to be charged by the ICC; Sudanese Governor Ahmed Harun; Janjaweed militia leader Ali Kushayb; and Defence Minister Abdel Raheem Muhammad Hussein. The latter three were charged with crimes against humanity and war crimes, and Al-Bashir 1 “Darfur: The Quest for Peace, Justice and Reconciliation”, Report of the African Union High-Level Panel on Darfur (AUPD), 29 October 2009, available at <http://www.universaljurisdiction.org/images/reports/sudan/UJ-AUDP- Final_report_on_Darfur.pdf>
Recommended publications
  • NEWS OTP Activities

    NEWS OTP Activities

    OTP Briefing Issue #144 1-15 July 2013 NEWS Pre-Trial Chamber II requests Nigeria to arrest Omar Al Bashir 15 July - Pre-Trial Chamber II requested the Federal Republic of Nigeria to immediately arrest Sudanese President Omar Al Bashir, on visit to Abuja (Nigeria) for an African Union summit on HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, and to surrender him to the ICC. The Sudanese President’s visit to Nigeria has raised a lot of criticism among rights groups. Human Rights Watch (HRW) called for Nigeria to prevent Bashir to attend the Abuja summit or to stop it if it went there, while the president of the Nigeria Coalition on the International Criminal Court, Chino Obiagwu, said that the Nigerian government “has violated its obligations under international law”. The Chamber recalled that, as signatories to the ICC, Nigeria and several other African countries are expected, under their treaty obligations, to actually arrest the Sudanese President if he sets foot on their soil. The Nigeria presidential spokesman Reuben Abati said "The Sudanese president came for an AU event and the AU has taken a position on the ICC arrest order, so Nigeria has not taken action different from the AU stand". Nevertheless, Nigeria’s Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Prof. Viola Onwuliri, had briefed the Nigerian press that over 30 African Heads of State would be participating at the conference, stating that she was not reported to have specifically listed the names of the heads of state and presidents expected at the meeting, nor was she reported to have specifically mentioned the name of the controversial Sudanese president.
  • 11 May 2020 TRIAL CHAMBER IV Before: Judge K

    11 May 2020 TRIAL CHAMBER IV Before: Judge K

    ICC-02/05-03/09-673-Red 11-05-2020 1/18 EK T Original: English No.: ICC-02/05-03/09 Date: 11 May 2020 TRIAL CHAMBER IV Before: Judge Kimberly Prost, Presiding Judge Judge Robert Fremr Judge Reine Alapini-Gansou SITUATION IN DARFUR, THE SUDAN IN THE CASE OF THE PROSECUTOR v. ABDALLAH BANDA ABAKAER NOURAIN Public Public redacted version of “Prosecution’s submissions on trials in absentia in light of the specific circumstances of the Banda case”, 13 December 2019, ICC-02/05-03/09-673-Conf- Exp Source: Office of the Prosecutor No. ICC-02/05-03/09 1/18 11 May 2020 ICC-02/05-03/09-673-Red 11-05-2020 2/18 EK T Document to be notified in accordance with regulation 31 of the Regulations of the Court to: The Office of the Prosecutor Counsel for the Defence of Mr Banda Ms Fatou Bensouda Mr Charles Achaleke Taku Mr James Stewart Mr Julian Nicholls Legal Representatives of the Victims Legal Representatives of the Applicants Ms Hélène Cissé Mr Jens Dieckmann Unrepresented Victims Unrepresented Applicants (Participation/Reparation) The Office of Public Counsel for Victims The Office of Public Counsel for the Defence States Representatives Amicus Curiae REGISTRY Registrar Counsel Support Section Mr Peter Lewis Dr Esteban Peralta Losilla Victims and Witnesses Unit Detention Section Victims Participation and Reparations Other Section No. ICC-02/05-03/09 2/18 11 May 2020 ICC-02/05-03/09-673-Red 11-05-2020 3/18 EK T I. INTRODUCTION 1. On 13 November 2019, in the “Order following Status Conference on 30 October 2019,”1 Trial Chamber IV (“Trial Chamber” or “Chamber”), by majority, invited the Defence and the Prosecution “to make submissions on trials in absentia in light of the specific circumstances of this case by 13 December 2019.”2 2.
  • Darfur, Sudan: the Responsibility to Protect

    Darfur, Sudan: the Responsibility to Protect

    House of Commons International Development Committee Darfur, Sudan: The responsibility to protect Fifth Report of Session 2004–05 Volume II Oral and written evidence Ordered by The House of Commons to be printed 16 March 2005 HC 67-II [Incorporating HC 67-i to -vi] Published 30 March 2005 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £18.50 The International Development Committee The International Development Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Department for International Development and its associated public bodies. Current membership Tony Baldry MP (Conservative, Banbury) (Chairman) John Barrett MP (Liberal Democrat, Edinburgh West) Mr John Battle MP (Labour, Leeds West) Hugh Bayley MP (Labour, City of York) Mr John Bercow MP (Conservative, Buckingham) Ann Clwyd MP (Labour, Cynon Valley) Mr Tony Colman MP (Labour, Putney) Mr Quentin Davies MP (Conservative, Grantham and Stamford) Mr Piara S Khabra MP (Labour, Ealing Southall) Chris McCafferty MP (Labour, Calder Valley) Tony Worthington MP (Labour, Clydebank and Milngavie) Powers The Committee is one of the departmental select committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No 152. These are available on the Internet via www.parliament.uk Publications The Reports and evidence of the Committee are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House. All publications of the Committee (including press notices) are on the Internet at www.parliament.uk/indcom Committee staff The staff of the Committee are Alistair Doherty (Clerk), Hannah Weston (Second Clerk), Alan Hudson and Anna Dickson (Committee Specialists), Katie Phelan (Committee Assistant), Jennifer Steele (Secretary) and Philip Jones (Senior Office Clerk).
  • The Economics of Ethnic Cleansing in Darfur

    The Economics of Ethnic Cleansing in Darfur

    The Economics of Ethnic Cleansing in Darfur John Prendergast, Omer Ismail, and Akshaya Kumar August 2013 WWW.ENOUGHPROJECT.ORG WWW.SATSENTINEL.ORG The Economics of Ethnic Cleansing in Darfur John Prendergast, Omer Ismail, and Akshaya Kumar August 2013 COVER PHOTO Displaced Beni Hussein cattle shepherds take shelter on the outskirts of El Sereif village, North Darfur. Fighting over gold mines in North Darfur’s Jebel Amer area between the Janjaweed Abbala forces and Beni Hussein tribe started early this January and resulted in mass displacement of thousands. AP PHOTO/UNAMID, ALBERT GONZALEZ FARRAN Overview Darfur is burning again, with devastating results for its people. A kaleidoscope of Janjaweed forces are once again torching villages, terrorizing civilians, and systematically clearing prime land and resource-rich areas of their inhabitants. The latest ethnic-cleans- ing campaign has already displaced more than 300,000 Darfuris this year and forced more than 75,000 to seek refuge in neighboring Chad, the largest population displace- ment in recent years.1 An economic agenda is emerging as a major driver for the escalating violence. At the height of the mass atrocities committed from 2003 to 2005, the Sudanese regime’s strategy appeared to be driven primarily by the counterinsurgency objectives and secondarily by the acquisition of salaries and war booty. Undeniably, even at that time, the government could have only secured the loyalty of its proxy Janjaweed militias by allowing them to keep the fertile lands from which they evicted the original inhabitants. Today’s violence is even more visibly fueled by monetary motivations, which include land grabbing; consolidating control of recently discovered gold mines; manipulating reconciliation conferences for increased “blood money”; expanding protection rackets and smuggling networks; demanding ransoms; undertaking bank robberies; and resum- ing the large-scale looting that marked earlier periods of the conflict.
  • Armed Conflicts Report - Chad

    Armed Conflicts Report - Chad

    Armed Conflicts Report - Chad Armed Conflicts Report Chad (1965 - first combat deaths) Update: January 2009 Summary Type of Conflict Parties to the Conflict Status of Fighting Number of Deaths Political Developments Background Arms Sources Summary: 2008 In February, rebel forces attempted a coup d’etat in the capital N’Djamena. Although unsuccessful, the attempted coup resulted in several hundred deaths, displaced tens of thousands and prompted the Chadian government to declare a state of emergency. A joint-international mission was deployed in Chad, including an EU military component (EUFOR) and a UN humanitarian component, the United Nations Mission in Central African Republic and Chad (MINURCAT). However, the relative ineffectualness of these missions, in combination with rebel proxy violence in the Sudan/Darfur-Chad border regions, hampered potential developments towards security. The humanitarian situation deteriorated as insecurity hampered the efforts of aid organizations. Citing Chad’s continued failure to use oil revenues for poverty reduction, the World Bank finally ended its involvement there by recalling loans from the Chad-Cameroon oil pipeline. 2007 The governments of Chad, Sudan and the Central African Republic signed an agreement to not support rebels in their territory attacking the other signatories, however, cross border attacks continued in 2007 and led to the death and increased displacement of Chadian citizens as well as Sudanese refugees living in Chad. Despite the signing of a ceasefire agreement by the government and four main armed opposition groups, no lasting peace agreement has been reached and armed resistance to President Idriss Deby’s leadership continued to intensify. Ethnic violence also continued and led UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon to propose two possible military operations for Chad, in combination with the European Union peacekeeping mission that is set to deploy in early 2008.
  • The International Criminal Court

    The International Criminal Court

    2007–2008 FACT SHEET ONE “The establishment of the Court is still a gift of hope to future generations, and a giant step forward in the march towards universal human rights and the rule of law.” – Kofi Annan, Former U.N. Secretary-General at the signing of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court The International Criminal Court The International Criminal Court is groundbreaking because: For more than half a century since the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials, states have largely failed to bring to justice those responsible for genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. With the creation of the International Criminal Court (ICC), the world has begun to fulfill the post-World War II promise of “never again.” The ICC is the world’s first permanent, international judicial body capable of bringing perpetrators to justice and providing redress it will serve as a permanent deterrent to victims when states are unable or unwilling to do so. This represents a major stride for to people considering these crimes. international justice. In most cases in the last 50 years, international mechanisms to prosecute On July 17, 1998, at a diplomatic conference in Rome, the international community people accused of these crimes have adopted the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The treaty has been hailed been set up only after the crimes were by governments, legal experts and civil society as the most significant development in committed; international law since the adoption of the United Nations Charter. The treaty entered into force on July 1, 2002. The Court made its first arrest in March 2006 and is scheduled to it will have a much wider jurisdiction begin its first trial in September 2007.
  • Genocide in Darfur - How the Horror Began - Sudan Tribune: Plural News and Views on Sudan

    Genocide in Darfur - How the Horror Began - Sudan Tribune: Plural News and Views on Sudan

    2/28/2019 Genocide in Darfur - How the Horror Began - Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan Print HOME | COMMENT & ANALYSIS SATURDAY 3 SEPTEMBER 2005 Genocide in Darfur - How the Horror Began By Eric Reeves September 3, 2005 — In one of the most remote places in Africa, an insurgency began unnoticed under the shadow of the war in Iraq in 2003, killing 350,000 to 400,000 people in 29 months by means of violence, malnutrition, and disease in the first genocidal rampage of the 21st century. The insurgeny began virtually unnoticed in February 2003; it has, over the past two years, precipitated the first great episode of genocidal destruction in the 21st century. The victims are the non-Arab or African tribal groups of Darfur, primarily the Fur, the Massaleit, and the Zaghawa, but also the Tunjur, the Birgid, the Dajo, and others. These people have long been politically and economically marginalized, and in recent years the National Islamic Front regime, based in Sudan’s capital of Khartoum, has refused to control increasingly violent Arab militia raids of African villages in Darfur. Competition between Arab and African tribal groups over the scarce primary resources in Darfur-arable land and water-has been exacerbated by advancing desertification throughout the Sahel region. But it was Khartoum’s failure to respond to the desperate economic needs of this huge region (it is the size of France), the decayed judiciary, the lack of political representation, and in particular the growing impunity on the part of Arab raiders that gave rise to the full-scale armed conflict.
  • The International Criminal Court

    The International Criminal Court

    The International Criminal Court • an international court set up to prosecute major human rights crimes • Jurisdiction over genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and aggression. • Proceedings may be initiated by (1) state party request, (2) the prosecutor, or (3) UN Security Council resolution. • In (1) and (2), the ICC’s jurisdiction is limited to citizens of member states and individuals accused of committing crimes on the territory of member states. In (3), these limits do not apply. • Principle of Complementarity. The Court acts only if the state of primary juris- diction proves itself “unwilling or unable” to launch criminal proceedings (art. 17). Situations under official investigation by the ICC: Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan (Darfur), Central African Republic (2), Kenya, Libya, Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, Georgia, Burundi. Preliminary Examinations: Afghanistan, Myanmar/Bangladesh (Rohingya crisis), Colombia, Guinea, Iraq (UK), Nigeria, Palestine, Philippines, Ukraine, Venezuela. Convicted by the ICC: Thomas Lubanga (Dem. Rep. of Congo), Germain Katanga (Dem. Rep. of Congo), Bosco Ntaganda (DR Congo), Ahmad Al- Faqi Al-Mahdi (Mali), and a few others for obstruction of justice. Some individuals convicted at trial have been acquitted on appeal. On trial at the ICC: Abdallah Banda Abakaer Nourain (Sudan), Dominic Ongwen (Uganda). Wanted for trial at the ICC: Omar al-Bashir (Sudan), Seif al-Islam Gaddafi (Libya), Joseph Kony (Uganda), and several others Laurent Gbagbo, former president of Côte d’Ivoire • In late 2017, the prosecutor requested permission to open a formal investigation into crimes committed in Afghanistan. The investigation would cover crimes by the Afghan government, the Taliban, and US authorities.
  • Case Information Sheet

    Case Information Sheet

    Case Information Sheet Situation in Darfur, Sudan ICC-PIDS-CIS-SUD-04-008/18_Eng The Prosecutor v. Abdallah Banda Abakaer Nourain Updated: July 2021 ICC-02/05-03/09 Abdallah Banda Abakaer Nourain (Abdallah Banda) Accused of three counts of war crimes committed in an attack against the African Union Peacekeeping Mission at the Haskanita Military Group Site in Darfur (Sudan). Trial opening vacated and arrest warrant issued to ensure the accused’s presence. Not in ICC custody. Date of birth: In or around 1963 Place of birth: Wai, Dar Kobe, North Darfur Tribe: Zaghawa Situation: Commander-in-Chief of the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) Collective-Leadership, one of the components of the United Resistance Front Summons to appear: Issued under seal on 27 August 2009 | Unsealed on 15 June 2010 First voluntary appearance: 17 June 2010 Confirmation hearing: 8 December 2010 Decision on the confirmation of charges: 7 March 2011 Warrant of arrest: 11 September 2014 Opening of the Trial: Vacated Proceedings against Saleh Mohammed Jerbo Jamus were terminated by Trial Chamber IV on 4 October 2013 after receiving evidence pointing towards his death. Charges Pre-Trial Chamber I considers that there are substantial grounds to believe that Abdallah Banda is criminally responsible as co-perpetrator for three war crimes under article 25(3)(a) of the Rome Statute: • violence to life within the meaning of article 8(2)(c)(i) of the Statute; • intentionally directing attacks against personnel, installations, material, units and vehicles involved in a peacekeeping mission within the meaning of article 8(2)(e)(iii) of the Statute; and • pillaging within the meaning of article 8(2)(e)(v) of the Statute.
  • Darfur Destroyed Ethnic Cleansing by Government and Militia Forces in Western Sudan Summary

    Darfur Destroyed Ethnic Cleansing by Government and Militia Forces in Western Sudan Summary

    Human Rights Watch May 2004 Vol. 16, No. 6(A) DARFUR DESTROYED ETHNIC CLEANSING BY GOVERNMENT AND MILITIA FORCES IN WESTERN SUDAN SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................... 1 SUMMARY RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................................... 3 BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................... 5 ABUSES BY THE GOVERNMENT-JANJAWEED IN WEST DARFUR.................... 7 Mass Killings By the Government and Janjaweed............................................................... 8 Attacks and massacres in Dar Masalit ............................................................................... 8 Mass Executions of captured Fur men in Wadi Salih: 145 killed................................ 21 Other Mass Killings of Fur civilians in Wadi Salih........................................................ 23 Aerial bombardment of civilians ..........................................................................................24 Systematic Targeting of Marsali and Fur, Burnings of Marsalit Villages and Destruction of Food Stocks and Other Essential Items ..................................................26 Destruction of Mosques and Islamic Religious Articles............................................... 27 Killings and assault accompanying looting of property....................................................28 Rape and other forms
  • S/PV.6778 Security Council Provisional Asdfsixty-Seventh Year 6778Th Meeting Tuesday, 5 June 2012, 10 A.M

    S/PV.6778 Security Council Provisional Asdfsixty-Seventh Year 6778Th Meeting Tuesday, 5 June 2012, 10 A.M

    United Nations S/PV.6778 Security Council Provisional asdfSixty-seventh year 6778th meeting Tuesday, 5 June 2012, 10 a.m. New York President: Mr. Li Baodong ....................................... (China) Members: Azerbaijan ........................................... Mr. Mehdiyev Colombia ............................................ Mr. Osorio France ............................................... Mr. Briens Germany ............................................. Mr. Wittig Guatemala ........................................... Mr. Rosenthal India ................................................ Mr. Hardeep Singh Puri Morocco ............................................. Mr. Bouchaara Pakistan ............................................. Mr. Tarar Portugal ............................................. Mr. Cabral Russian Federation ..................................... Mr. Karev South Africa . Mr. Mashabane Togo ................................................ Mr. Menan United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland ........ Mr. McKell United States of America ................................ Mr. DeLaurentis Agenda Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan This record contains the text of speeches delivered in English and of the interpretation of speeches delivered in the other languages. The final text will be printed in the Official Records of the Security Council. Corrections should be submitted to the original languages only. They should be incorporated in a copy of the record and sent under the signature of a member of the
  • IC C W Eek Ly U P D

    IC C W Eek Ly U P D

    ICC Weekly Update Weekly ICC ICC-PIDS-WU-38/10_Eng Situation in Darfur, Sudan In the situation in Darfur, Sudan, four cases are being heard: The Prosecutor v. Ahmad Muhammad Harun (Ahmad 21 June 2010 #38 2010 21 June Harun) and Ali Muhammad Ali Abd-Al-Rahman (Ali Kushayb); The Prosecutor v. Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir; The Prosecutor v. Bahar Idriss Abu Garda; and The Prosecutor v. Abdallah Banda Abakaer Nourain (Banda) and Saleh Mohammed Jerbo Jamus (Jerbo). Three warrants of arrest have been issued by Pre-Trial Chamber I for Harun, Kushayb and Al Bashir for crimes against humanity and war crimes. The three suspects remain at large. A summons to appear was issued for Abu Garda who appeared voluntarily before the Chamber on 18 May, 2009. Abu Garda is not in the custody of the ICC. After the hearing of confirmation of charges, on 8 February, 2010, Pre-Trial Chamber I declined to confirm the charges. Two other summonses to appear were issued against Mr Banda and Mr Jerbo who appeared voluntarily on 17 June, 2010. New suspects in the situation in Darfur, Sudan arrive voluntarily at the ICC Abdallah Banda Abakaer Nourain (Banda) and Saleh Mohammed Jerbo Jamus (Jerbo), both suspected of having committed war crimes in Darfur, Sudan, arrived voluntarily at the International Criminal Court (ICC) following summonses to appear issued first under seal on 27 August, 2009, by Pre-Trial Chamber I. Both suspects stayed at the location assigned to them by the Court, until their first appearance before the Chamber, scheduled for 17 June, 2010, at 10:00 a.m.