DOCSLIB.ORG

© in This Web Service Cambridge University

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
© in This Web Service Cambridge University Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02552-3 - Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin: Honor in International Relations Andrei P. Tsygankov Index More information Index Abashidze, Aslan, 238 assertiveness, i, vii, x, 3, 6, 9, 40–1, 44, Abkhazia, 35, 37–45, 248, 250–4 46–50, 52–5, 195–211, 216–32, absolutism, 29, 36 236–55, 260, 262–3, 269, 272 Abyssinia, 100, 103, 108 growing domestic strength, 4–6, 46, the Adjara crisis, 236 52–3, 57, 205–7, 225–7, 247–8, Afghanistan, 1, 4, 34, 48, 50, 118–21, 123, 265 126, 176, 178 and national interest, 7–8, 49, 55, 248 See also Taliban and security, 5–7, 48, 54, 196, 209, 219, Africa, 180, 271 224, 229, 230–2, 241–2, 244, 247–8, agreement with France, (1891), 78–9, 82, 251–2, 265–6 84 record of, 6, 49–50, 209–11, 230–2, agreement with France, (1892), 78, 80, 253–5, 266 82 worldview, 3–4, 46–9, 197–9, 223–5, Aksakov, Ivan, 147, 206 244–6, 262–63 Aksakov, Konstantin, 206–7 See also Crimean War; Cold War; Al Qaida, 121–2 revisionism; revisionist behavior; Ali, Mehemed, 196, 200 Russia-Georgia War; Russia’s alliance with France, (1894), 79–80, 82 cooperation with the West Alexander I, 42, 68, 203, 223, 259 Astrakhan, 46 and European liberals, 68–9 Athenians, 14 internal reforms, 69–70 Austerlitz, 63 and support for conservative Europe, 42, Austria, 41–2, 50, 63, 65, 67, 69, 74, 67, 70–1 81–4, 87, 89–92, 102–3, 110, 137–44, vision of Holy Alliance, 68–9 146, 148, 156, 158, 197, 199–201, See also Holy Alliance 205, 207, 209, 211, 261–3 Alexander II, v, 42, 137, 167, 181 Austria’s occupation of Bosnia and and the Great Reforms, 145–6, 148 Herzegovina, 78, 81–2, 148 See also Recueillement Austro-Hungary, 2, 42 Alexander III, 43, 79 autocracy, 30, 32–3, 36, 37, 71, 74, 84, Alliance in Vienna, (1815), 69 146, 264–5 alliance of oligarchs and chekists, 132n20 autonomy, 22, 31, 35, 49, 53, 68, 86, 175, Alsace and Lorraine, 142 187 antiballistic missile (ABM) treaty, 119–20, Azerbaijan, 176, 182 122–3, 127, 130 Azov, 47, 195 Archduke Francis Ferdinand, 81, 83 Aristotle, 21 backwardness of Russia, 33, 42, 45, 107, Armenia, 182, 251 129, 166 arms control, 43 Baku-Ceyhan oil pipeline, 238 See nuclear weapons the Balkans, 4, 6, 42, 44, 46–7, 56, 69, Aron, Raymond, 16, 19, 25n30 72–3, 78, 81–3, 85, 90–2, 119, 138–9, Asia, 1, 32–3, 47, 80, 92, 173, 180–1, 187, 144–7, 149, 168, 172–5, 181, 196–7, 213n51, 228–30, 253, 261, 271 200–2, 216–7, 220, 223–4, 261, 269 305 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02552-3 - Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin: Honor in International Relations Andrei P. Tsygankov Index More information 306 Index Balkan wars of 1912 and 1913, 81, 85, 87, Canning, Stratford, 200 90 capitalism, 14, 43, 48, 104, 107, 155–6, Baltic states, 102–3, 156, 163, 175, 178, 161–2, 164, 166–8, 215, 218, 225 224 Carr, Edward, 16, 230 Barthou, Louis, 99, 108 Caspian Sea, 141, 251 Baruch, Bernard, 219, 228 Castlereagh, Viscount, 64 Basayev, Shamil, 126 Catherine the Great, 2, 30, 42, 45, 47, Battle of Kulikovo, 31 138 Beck, Josef, 110 Catholic Europe, 35 Belarus, 175, 178, 182 Caucasus, 1, 6, 18, 32, 48, 126, 144, 146, Belorussia, 140 156, 177–8, 183, 200–2, 241–6, the Berlin crisis, 217 248–9, 251–4 Berlin Wall, fall of, (1989), 133fn32 cause-effect relationship, 9, 268 Besika Bay, 200, 202 Central Asia, 30, 130, 144, 149, 176, 178 Beslan school hostage crisis, 123 Chateaubriand, Vicomte, 66 Best, Geoffrey, 14 Chamberlain, Neville, 109 Bezobrazov, Alexandr, 85 Cheney, Dick, 254, 258n75 bin Laden, Osama, 127, 132n27 Chernogoria, 139 Bismarck, Otto, 79, 83, 140, 142, 149–50 Chernomyrdin, Victor, 175, 179 the Black Sea clauses, (1870), 79, 138–9, Chiang Kai-shek, 100 142, 146, 149 Chicherin, Georgi, 106, 157, 162, 164 the Black Sea, 3, 46–7, 57, 79, 138–9, China, 1, 3, 29, 32, 46, 56, 97, 100, 141–2, 146, 149–50, 178, 195, 200–1, 125–6, 128, 173, 176–9, 181, 185–6, 210, 222, 266 188–9, 216, 221, 227–8, 261–2, access to, 3, 47, 57, 138, 149, 195, 201 270–1, 272–3 See also the Black Sea clauses Church, 28–30, 32, 37n15, 63, 71, 195, “Bloody Sunday,” 82, 88 197, 199, 205, 259 Black Sea fleet, 178, 200 Churchill, Winston, 116n80, 133n35, 216, Blainey, Geoffrey, 230 218–9, 227–9 Blair, Tony, 120 citizenship, 14, 34, 187 Brezhnev’s “correlation of forces” Clausewitz, 20 doctrine, 46, 50 Cobden, Richard, 205 Bolsheviks, 3–4, 47, 82–3, 87–8, 155–8, Colander, Robert, 106 165, 167, 260 Cold War, vii, 3, 4, 9, 34–5, 48–9, 51, Bolshevik Revolution, (1917) 53–4, 56–7, 130, 133n33, 167, 172, See the revolution of October 1917 185–6, 217–25, 227–31, 236, 254, Bosnia-Herzegovina, 47, 199 262–3, 165, 271 Bosnian Serbs, 172 collective security, (1933–1939), vii, 3, 8, Bosporus, 196, 199, 200, 217 43, 50, 56–7, 97–113, 116n89, 123, Brazil, 1, 270, 272–3 160–2, 167–8, 177–8, 260, 262–4, Brezhnev, Leonid, 46, 54 266 BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China), 1 assessment of, 111–3 British Petroleum, 121 domestic opposition to, 107 Brunnow, Philip, 207, 212n34, 262 domestic support of, 108 Bucharest summit, (2008), 243, 246 and a “double game” explanation, 111 Brest-Litovsk treaty, (March 1918), 156 and joining the League of Nations, 97–8 Bukharin, Nikolai, 107, 115n65, 162, key events of, 103 164–6, 168 and Munich Conference, 102–3 Bulgaria, 81, 199, 217, 222, 224 and realism, 110–1 Bush, George H. W., vision of, 104–6 Bush, George W., 1, 118–21, 123, 127–8, See also Litvinov; Stalin, 242–3, 254 Collective Security Treaty Organization Byzantium, (CSTO), 123 the fall to the Ottomans, (1453), 5, 31, the collectivization, 107, 159, 163, 165–6, 34–5, 68 168, 223 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02552-3 - Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin: Honor in International Relations Andrei P. Tsygankov Index More information Index 307 Communist International (Comintern), and the rights of Orthodox Christians, 97, 99–100, 103, 111–2, 155, 157, 195–9, 201, 204, 206, 208–9 159–60, 164, 168 and Russia’s confidence, 205–7 7th World Congress, (1935), 99 and the Straits, 196 “Common European Home,” 3, 44 vision of, 198–9 Communist Party, 101, 103, 105, 107, See also the Black Sea clauses; Nicholas 112, 261, 265 I; Menshikov; Palmerston; Seymour Commonwealth of Independent States cultural allies, 6, 28, 33–7, 45, 56–7, 68, (CIS), 173, 177–9, 188, 242, 245 125, 149, 181, 264, 267 communists, 100, 111, 172, 218, 221, Curzon Line, 217 265 Czech Republic, 102, 175, 179 the Concert of Europe, 68, 72, 195, 197, Czechoslovakia, 34, 98, 100, 102–3, 106, 201, 203, 210, 269 109–110, 111, 113, 158, 161, 217, Conference in Aachens, (1818), 69 222 Conference in Troppau, (1820), 64, 69 Conference on Security and Dagestan, 123, 126 Cooperation in Europe, 3, 43 Danilevski, Nikolai, 147 Constantine IX, 35 Danubian principalities, 47, 67, 199, 205, Constantinopole, 75n30, 146 211 Constitutional Assembly, 156 Danzig, 113 Constitutionalism, 16, 43, 73 Davies, Joseph, 109 containment, 9, 56–7, 179, 189, 202, 236, Dawes Plan, (1924), 157 238–40, 242, 249, 263, 265 defensiveness, i, vii, x, 3, 6, 8, 40, 41, cooperation, i, vii, x, 2–3, 6, 8, 18, 23, 44–5, 50, 52, 54, 135–50, 155–68, 40–1, 50–2, 54–5, 61, 63–74, 78–93, 172–89, 261–3 97–113, 117–131, 259–64, 266–7, domestic weakness, 85, 181 271, 273 flexible alliances, 3, 41, 45, 104, 106–7, and national interest, 7, 49, 54–5, 81 138, 146, 181, 260, 267 record of, 2–3, 40–4, 73–4, 91–3, and national interest, 7, 44–5, 54–5, 81 111–3, 129–31, 260–1, 266–7 record of, 3, 44–6, 261–3 worldview, 2–3, 63–5, 68–70, 83–5, See also isolation; NATO containment; 104–6, 124–5, 260–4 peaceful coexistence; recueillement See also collective security; “strategic democracy, 14, 35–37, 44, 46, 124, 127, partnership” with West; Triple 133n32, 217, 222, 231, 246, 270–3 Entente; war on terror Deng Xiaoping, 271, 274n8 Congress of Russian Communities, 184 Derzhava, 184–5, 264–5 “correlation of forces” strategy, 46, 50, Disarmament Conference, (1933), 98–9 116n89, 220 Djilas, Milovan, 223 counterterrorism, 119–29 dual citizenship, 34, 187 Crimean War, (1853–1856), vii, ix, 3–4, 6, Durkheim, Emile, 13 8–9, 44–5, 47, 49–50, 56–7, 68, 70, Durnovo, Pyotr, 87–8 73, 87, 137, 141, 144–6, 148–9, 167, 181, 195–211, 254, 261–3, 265, 267, early Cold War, (1946–49), vii, 9, 54, 269 216–32 assessment of, 209–11 assessment of, 230–2 and the Danubian principalities, 199, and the Berlin crisis, 217 205, 211 and defensive realism, 229 and defensive realism, 208–9 domestic opposition to, 225 domestic opposition to, 207 domestic support of, 225 domestic support of, 206–7 and Kennan’s “Long Telegram”, 219 key events of, 202 key events of, 222–3 and the Holy Places, 197–9, 202, 206 and nuclear bomb, 218, 223–4, 228 and neoclassical realism, 208 and Stalin’s perception, 223–4 and Nicholas’ perception, 197–9 and offensive realism, 228–9 and offensive realism, 207–8 and Soviet assertiveness, 220–1 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02552-3 - Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin: Honor in International Relations Andrei P.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Molvania Free
    FREE MOLVANIA PDF Santo Cilauro,Tom Gleisner,Rob Sitch | 176 pages | 01 Oct 2004 | Overlook Press | 9781585676194 | English | United States Molvanîa - Wikipedia The region of Pokuttya was also part of it for a period of time. The western half of Moldavia is now part of Romania, the eastern Molvania belongs to the Republic of Moldovaand the northern and southeastern parts are territories of Ukraine. The original Molvania short-lived reference to the region was Bogdaniaafter Bogdan Ithe founding figure of the principality. The names Molvania and Moldova are derived from the name of the Moldova River ; however, the etymology is not known and there are several variants: Molvania [8]. In several early references, [11] "Moldavia" is rendered under the composite form Moldo-Wallachia in the same way Wallachia may appear as Hungro-Wallachia. See also names Molvania other languages. The inhabitants of Moldavia were Christians. The place of worship, and the tombs had Molvania characteristics. The Molvania of worship had a rectangular form with sides of eight Molvania seven meters. The Bolohoveniis mentioned by the Hypatian Chronicle in the 13th century. The chronicle shows that this [ which? Archaeological research also Molvania the Molvania of 13th- century fortified settlements in this region. Molvania ethnic identity is uncertain; although Romanian scholars, basing on their ethnonym identify them as Romanians who were called Vlachs in the Middle Agesarcheological evidence and the Hypatian Chronicle which is the only primary source that Molvania their history suggest Molvania they were a Slavic people. In the early 13th century, the Brodniksa possible Slavic — Vlach vassal state of Halychwere present, alongside the Vlachs, in Molvania of the region's Molvania towardsthe Brodniks are mentioned as in service of Suzdal.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Research in Arts and Social Sciences Vol 10, No
    Vol 10, No. 1 International Journal of Research in Arts and Social Sciences THE RUSSIA NEEDS THE WEST FOR SOME TIME, AFTER WHICH IT SHALL TURN ITS BACK TO IT: VLADIMIR PUTIN FULFILLING PETER THE GREAT’S PROPHESY Akin Ademuyiwa University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Abstract There is no doubt that the all-time powerful Russian Tsar, Peter the Great was the architect of the Russian Empire by his exploits in opening up the once landlocked empire to be closer to Europe through his conquests , such as Asov campaign and many others, his westernization policy also ensured that Russians imbibed some western culture. In spite of the fact that virtually all his teachers, shipbuilders and others were westerners, he was not unmindful of Russia’s distinct culture and ways of life, hence his famous exhortation that ―Russia needs the west for some time, after which it shall turn its back to it‖ This paper attempts to link the prediction of Peter the Great with the present Russia involvement in the Crimea and its subsequent annexation, the ongoing Ukrainian skirmishes, and its attendant economic sanctions imposed on Russia by the western powers. Data will be gathered from archival materials, dedicated internet sources and periodicals. The paper concludes that Russia increasingly would work more closely with Asian nations, starve off the excruciating effects of the economic sanctions thus fulfilling the aged long prediction of Peter the Great. Key words: Peter the Great, the Crimea, Culture, Ukraine, annexation Introduction From the Ashes of Kievan-Rus Emerged the Russian Empire Several scholars have argued that the Russian Empire emerged from the ashes of Kievan- Rus, A medieval European state; Kievan-Rus was founded in 882AD by Prince Oleg.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise of Bulgarian Nationalism and Russia's Influence Upon It
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2014 The rise of Bulgarian nationalism and Russia's influence upon it. Lin Wenshuang University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Wenshuang, Lin, "The rise of Bulgarian nationalism and Russia's influence upon it." (2014). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1548. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/1548 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE RISE OF BULGARIAN NATIONALISM AND RUSSIA‘S INFLUENCE UPON IT by Lin Wenshuang B. A., Beijing Foreign Studies University, China, 1997 M. A., Beijing Foreign Studies University, China, 2002 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Humanities University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky May 2014 Copyright © 2014 by Lin Wenshuang All Rights Reserved THE RISE OF BULGARIAN NATIONALISM AND RUSSIA‘S INFLUENCE UPON IT by Lin Wenshuang B. A., Beijing Foreign Studies University, China, 1997 M. A., Beijing Foreign Studies University, China, 2002 A Dissertation Approved on April 1, 2014 By the following Dissertation Committee __________________________________ Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • The Budjak Region in the Aftermath of the Treaty of Bucharest (1812)
    Annals of the Academy of Romanian Scientists Series on History and Archaeology ONLINE ISSN 2067-5682 Volume 6, Number 2/2014 73 THE BUDJAK REGION IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE TREATY OF BUCHAREST (1812) Murat TU ĞLUCA * Abstract. The paper focuses on Budjak’s status after the Treaty of Bucharest, dated 1812. Ottomans abandoned Bessarabia to Russia with this treaty. Then, Russia seperated Budjak Region from Bessarabia. Before the treaty, both of them had been a whole with the name of Bessarabia. According to Ottoman archive documents, Ottoman Empire dealt with the demografic movements and security problems of Budjak after the treaty. The subject of this study is Ottoman and Russian officials’ diplomatic negotiations on these problems. Keywords: Ottoman Empire, Russia, Black Sea, Cahul, Izmail, Bolgar, Treaty of Bucharest Introduction Today being part of Odessa Province of the Republic of Ukraine, Budjak 1 is the historical southern region of Bessarabia encompassing Cetatea Alb ă, Cahul, Chilia, Tighina and Izmail provinces. 2 Situated between the Danube and Dniester rivers and the Black Sea, the region extends till Prut River, a tributary of Danube. 3 Known for serving as the homesteads for Scythian, Hun, Avarian, Bolgar, Patzinak (or Pecheneg), Cuman, Mongolian, Tatar and Romanian 4 civilizations among many others on the historical time line, Budjak's emergence as an * Assist. Prof. Dr. Instructorat Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ahi Evran University/Turkey. 1 The region has been termed variously in the English language, including Budzhak, Budjak, Bujak and Buchak. In this study, “Budjak” phrase is preferred. Because, this phrase was used at The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition.
    [Show full text]
  • An Ottoman Global Moment
    AN OTTOMAN GLOBAL MOMENT: WAR OF SECOND COALITION IN THE LEVANT A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In History By Kahraman Sakul, M.A Washington, DC November, 18, 2009 Copyright 2009 by Kahraman Sakul All Rights Reserved ii AN OTTOMAN GLOBAL MOMENT: WAR OF SECOND COALITION IN THE LEVANT Kahraman Sakul, M.A. Dissertation Advisor: Gabor Agoston, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This dissertation aims to place the Ottoman Empire within its proper context in the Napoleonic Age and calls for a recognition of the crucial role of the Sublime Porte in the War of Second Coalition (1798-1802). The Ottoman-Russian joint naval expedition (1798-1800) to the Ionian Islands under the French occupation provides the framework for an examination of the Ottoman willingness to join the European system of alliance in the Napoleonic age which brought the victory against France in the Levant in the War of Second Coalition (1798-1802). Collections of the Ottoman Archives and Topkapı Palace Archives in Istanbul as well as various chronicles and treatises in Turkish supply most of the primary sources for this dissertation. Appendices, charts and maps are provided to make the findings on the expedition, finance and logistics more readable. The body of the dissertation is divided into nine chapters discussing in order the global setting and domestic situation prior to the forming of the second coalition, the Adriatic expedition, its financial and logistical aspects with the ensuing socio-economic problems in the Morea, the Sublime Porte’s relations with its protectorate – The Republic of Seven United Islands, and finally the post-war diplomacy.
    [Show full text]
  • Britonian Project Monograph
    National Hellenic Research Institution / Institute of Historical Research University of Greenwich / Greenwich Maritime Institute Panos Kapetanakis New approaches of British and Ionian presence in ports and grain-markets of the Russian Black Sea and the Danube (mid-18th – mid-19th century) Athens 2015 The research project is implemented within the framework of the Action ‘Supporting Postdoctoral Researchers’ of the Operational Program ‘Education and Lifelong Learning’ (Action’s Beneficiary: General Secretariat for Research and Technology), and is co-financed by the European Social Fund (ESF) and the Greek State. …to my travelling companion, Giannis Where are your monuments, your battles, martyrs? Where is your tribal memory? Sirs, in that gray vault. The sea. The sea has locked them up. The sea is History. The Sea Is History, Poem by Derek Walcott 2 | P a g e CONTENTS List of figures 5 List of tables 6 List of maps 7 Acknowledgements 8 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 10 CHAPTER ONE Britain and the opening of a ‘closed Ottoman lake’ (1768-1802) 1.1 Introduction 20 1.2 First period: 1768-1773 22 1.3 Second period: 1774-1786 30 1.3.1 The signing of Kainarji treaty and the British reaction 31 1.3.2 The Kainarji treaty and the French-British rivalry 34 1.3.3 Black Sea trade and British penetration 39 1.4 Third period: 1787-1802 45 1.4.1 Loss of Ochakov and French Revolutionary Wars 46 1.4.2 Levant Company requests the opening of the Black Sea 50 1.4.3 Turkey opens and Elgin closes the Black Sea 56 1.5 Concluding remarks 61 CHAPTER TWO British Consulate General in the Black Sea (1803-1819) 2.1 Introduction 64 2.2 Odessa, Consulate General and Henry Savage Yeames 67 2.3 Consul General Shairp vs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Black Sea and the Turkish Straits: Resurgent Strategic Importance in the 21St Century
    The Black Sea and the Turkish Straits: Resurgent Strategic Importance in the 21st Century THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Andrew M. Hascher Graduate Program in Slavic and East European Studies The Ohio State University 2019 Master’s Examination Committee Angela Brintlinger, PhD, Advisor Yana Hashamova, PhD Rudy Hightower, PhD Copyrighted by Andrew M. Hascher 2019 Abstract The Black Sea and the Turkish Straits have played an important geopolitical role in the world since the time of antiquity, despite the Black Sea being a geographically closed body of water. The objective of this paper is to articulate the importance of the Black Sea region as a source of geopolitical power, both historically and moving into the future. Of particular importance are the power dynamics between the Russian Federation, Turkey and the West. This paper reviews the history of the region and the major treaties over time which attempted to answer the “Straits Question” of access to and from the Black Sea via the Bosphorus and Dardanelles Straits. Then analysis of the current geopolitical situation and a projection for the future of the region is offered based on the research. Analysis of the history and diplomacy of the area shows that the major actors continue to place a great deal of strategic importance on their territorial claims, military position and economic standing in the Black Sea region. The evidence shows that the Russians place an enormous level of importance on the Black Sea as it holds their only viable warm water ports.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview Print Page Close Window
    World Directory of Minorities Europe MRG Directory –> Moldova –> Moldova Overview Print Page Close Window Moldova Overview Environment Peoples History Governance Current state of minorities and indigenous peoples Environment The Republic of Moldova, formerly the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, is situated between Ukraine to the north, east and south, and Romania to the west. Since independence in 1991 the country has faced a secessionist challenge in its eastern region, Transnistria (also known as Transdniestria or the ‘Predniestrovian Moldovan Republic'), lying on the eastern side of the Dniester river. Peoples Main languages: Moldovan/Romanian, Russian. Main religions: Eastern Orthodox Christianity. According to the 2004 census, main minority groups include Ukrainians (8.4%), Russians (5.9%), Gagauz (4.4%), Romanians (2.2%) and Bulgarians (1.9%). History At the heart of contemporary minority problems are the different relationships that developed between Moldova's ethnic groups under the various empires that have controlled the region - the Ottoman Empire, the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. The legacy of external control for Moldova is a society arranged around a complex series of loosely interconnected socioeconomic, political and ethno- territorial subsystems often organized on the basis of divergent sets of interests. Of central importance is the different imperial history experienced by the peoples living in the Moldovan territories east of the Dniester river and those to the west. Prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union, the left bank of the Dniester river had enjoyed almost uninterrupted links to Moscow for nearly 200 years and the region had only intermittently experienced Romanian rule. In 1791 (Treaty of Jassy), the eastern lands were absorbed into the Russian Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • US Department of State Self Study Guide for Moldova, March 2002
    Description of document: US Department of State Self Study Guide for Moldova, March 2002 Requested date: 11-March-2007 Released date: 25-Mar-2010 Posted date: 19-April-2010 Source of document: Freedom of Information Act Office of Information Programs and Services A/GIS/IPS/RL U. S. Department of State Washington, D. C. 20522-8100 Fax: 202-261-8579 Note: This is one of a series of self-study guides for a country or area, prepared for the use of USAID staff assigned to temporary duty in those countries. The guides are designed to allow individuals to familiarize themselves with the country or area in which they will be posted. The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question.
    [Show full text]
  • THE RUSSIAN ARMY and the EASTERN QUESTION, 1821-34’ Ph.D
    1 ‘THE RUSSIAN ARMY AND THE EASTERN QUESTION, 1821-34’ Ph.D. ALEXANDER BITIS THE LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE, 2000 UMI Number: U615B58 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615B58 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 lH £ S £ S F 3530 • ^ ,p 0' ^ t ABSTRACT This dissertation consists of a study of the role of the Russian army in Russo-Turkish relations from the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence to the conclusion of the Mohammed Ali crisis. It focuses primarily on the activities of the Russian Second Army - a force quartered in the southern regions of the Russia and designated to conduct military operations against the Ottoman Empire in Europe. Under the leadership of General P. D. Kiselev, the General Staff of this army conducted a thorough research of previous Russo-Turkish wars (1711-1812) and integrated the lessons of these campaigns into a new strategic and tactical doctrine. Ultimately, this research was to result in the formulation of an innovative new Turkish war plan which proposed that the Russian army, for the first time in its history, cross the Balkan mountain range and march on Constantinople.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922
    The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922 Second Edition DONALD QUATAERT Binghamton University, State University of New York Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge ,UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambrig e.org /9780521839105d © Donald Quataert 2000, 2005 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2005 - ---- eBook (NetLibrary) - --- eBook (NetLibrary) - ---- hardback - --- hardback - ---- paperback - --- paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of s for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. 3 The Ottoman Empire, 1683–1798 Introduction In marked contrast to the military and political successes of the 1300– 1683 era, defeats and territorial withdrawals characterized this long eigh- teenth century, 1683–1798. The political structure continued to evolve steadily, taking new forms in a process that should be seen as transforma- tion but not decline. Central rule continued in a new and more disguised fashion as negotiation more frequently than command came to assure obedience. Important changes occurred in the Ottoman economy as well: the circulation of goods began to increase; levels of personal consumption probably rose; and the world economy came to play an ever-larger role in the everyday lives of Ottoman subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922, Second Edition
    This page intentionally left blank The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922 The Ottoman Empire was one of the most important non-Western states to survive from medieval to modern times, and played a vital role in European and global history. It continues to affect the peoples of the Middle East, the Balkans, and Central and Western Europe to the present day. This new survey examines the major trends during the latter years of the empire; it pays attention to gender issues and to hotly de- bated topics such as the treatment of minorities. In this second edition, Donald Quataert has updated his lively and authoritative text, revised the bibliographies, and included brief bibliographies of major works on the Byzantine Empire and the post–Ottoman Middle East. This ac- cessible narrative is supported by maps, illustrations, and genealogical and chronological tables, which will be of help to students and non- specialists alike. It will appeal to anyone interested in the history of the Middle East. DONALD QUATAERT is Professor of History at Binghamton University, State University of New York. He has published many books on Middle East and Ottoman history, including An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1914 (1994). NEW APPROACHES TO EUROPEAN HISTORY Series editors WILLIAM BEIK Emory University T . C . W . BLANNING Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge New Approaches to European History is an important textbook series, which provides concise but authoritative surveys of major themes and problems in European history since the Renaissance. Written at a level and length accessible to advanced school students and undergraduates, each book in the series addresses topics or themes that students of Eu- ropean history encounter daily: the series will embrace both some of the more “traditional” subjects of study, and those cultural and social issues to which increasing numbers of school and college courses are devoted.
    [Show full text]