¶ÌˆÌ‡ Õ€Ì³ †A Z] ZÌ§Z» Y Reclaiming Sicily from the Mafia

¶ÌÌÕÌ³aZ] ZÌ§Z»Y ÂÀÌ¸Â]ZfË ÁÌaÂË{M^ÀmÁ Reclaiming Sicily IURPWKH0D¿D Rita Borsellino and the Addiopizzo Movement

Vision and Motivation ÃÌ´¿YÁÀÌ] 7KH 0D¿D KDV ORQJ EHHQ D GRPLQDQW force in Italy. 1$FFRUGLQJWRWKHDQWL0D¿D ZÌ·ZfËY { \·Z£ ÖËÁÌ¿ Z]Ë{ Y ZÌ§Z» RI¿FH RI WKH ,WDOLDQ UHWDLOHUV DVVRFLDWLRQ ÄË{ZveY ÕZÌ§Z» | ÃY{Y ª^ ] dY Ã{Â] WKH0D¿DH[WRUWVPLOOLRQHXURVDGD\ ÁÂË½ÂÌ¸Ì»Ä¿YÁZÌ§Z»,ZÌ·ZfËY½ZÁ§Ã{y from Italian businesses. 2 The challenge of |À¯Ö»Õ}ZyYZÌ·ZfËY{Õ{Zf«YÕZÅdÌ·Z §Y organized crime is particularly acute in ÃËm { yÓZ] Äf§ZË½Z»Z ºËYm ·Zq the island of Sicily. While there are law µZ¼YÕZÅ{ZÆ¿ÃËm¾ËY{ dYÕ|m,¶ÌÌ HQIRUFHPHQW ERGLHV GHGLFDWHG WR ¿JKWLQJ ZÀ]Z»Y|À·Â¤»Äf§ZË½Z»ZºËYmZ]Ä¸]Z¬»Ä]½Â¿Z« organized crime, for most Sicilians, according to the head of Italy's anti-racket Õ}ZyY|½ÂÌÌ¼¯ÌW,ÂY³Â¿Ze¿Ä] commission Tano Grasso, "It is more ZÌ§Z» Ä] dyY{a ZÅÖ¸ÌÌ j¯Y ÕY] ,ZÌ·ZfËY convenient for them to pay up than to dYÄÂ]»{YÂ»Y³Ye½ZM report them." 3 ,ÖfËZ¼uµÂaZËÁÌadyY{aÄ]ZÌ§Z»Z^mY 7KH 0D¿D V UHTXLUHPHQW WR SD\ WKH dÌ¬§Â»½ÂqZÅÖ¸ÌÌÁ{]dYÖ§ZYZ] pizzo, or protection money, has been a ÕÂ Y fÌ] Ö·Z» ÕZÅZZ¬e Ä] ZÆÀe Ö·Z» EXUGHQRQPRVW6LFLOLDQVEHFDXVH¿QDQFLDO Z]Z»Y {ÂÖ»nÀ»Äf§ZË½Z»ZºËYmÕZÅÄ¬¸u success only leads to larger monetary demands from organized crime rings. Yet Ä]Y{ÂmÂ»dÌ ÁZÅÖ¸ÌÌ,ºfÌ]½«½ZËZa Ä]ZÀ] |¿|{ÂyÕ{YMZfYÂyÁÃ|Ì¯·Zq ]©Â¬uÁÖY¯Â»{ ZÅÄ]ne www.tavaana.org by the end of the 20th century, Sicilians ,eÂÌb»Z¯¾ÌÌÀ°e®Ë,ÖqÂZ»Ä·YÂ°Za¿ began to challenge the status quo and ÁÂ»·ZaÖ·Â¼ »½Y|¿ÁÆÖ¿ÓÂc|»ÕY] reclaim their freedom. According to Pasquale Masucci, a computer technician, Ã|ÄfY{ÃZ´¿½Z³Á³,ÁµÂaZ]Ä^¯¶ÅY "For too long ordinary citizens of Palermo ºËYÄfZy]Ä¸]Z¬»Ä]Z»½ÂÀ¯YZ»Y|¿{Â] and business people have been held dÌ·Z §½Y^ÅYÖ°Ë,ÂÀÌ¸ Â]ZfË¿Y5 UDQVRPDQGQRZZHDUH¿JKWLQJEDFN 4 , µZ { Ö¿|» Õ^Å ½ZËm ,ZÌ§Z» ÄÌ¸ For Rita Borsellino, a leading anti- Â·ÂWZa ÖZ« ,ÕÁ {Y] ½| Äf¯ Y a 0D¿DDFWLYLVWWKHSDWKWRFLYLFOHDGHUVKLS Âe ¶Ì^»ÂeY ÕY~³\¼] ®Ë { ,ÂÀÌ¸Â] began in 1992 after her brother, Judge Paolo Ä]YZfË,ÕÁ½|Äf¯ |Z£M¶ÌÌÕZÌ§Z» Borsellino, was killed in a car bombing Á{Â]Ä·ZÃZnÀa½Z»½M{ZfË dY{YÁ¶¼ RUFKHVWUDWHG E\ WKH 6LFLOLDQ 0D¿D +LV murder forced Rita to take action. 5 Though Ä¸dveÕÂ»·Za{YÖ³|¿½YÁ{¶¯{ 5LWDZDVQHDUO\¿IW\DQGKDGEHHQOLYLQJLQ ,ÕÁÖzÕ{YeZ»Y{Â]Ã{¯Ö³|¿ZÌ§Z» 0D¿DGRPLQDWHG 3DOHUPR KHU HQWLUH OLIH ^Àm{ZnËYÄ]Ä¯|ºyÖÂ¿Á]hZ] her personal tragedy sparked the outrage {Â» |Ì»Zn¿Y {YM ÖÀ » Ä] ZË^Ì· ÕZÌ§Z» | WKDW OHG WR WKH FUHDWLRQ RI WKH DQWL0D¿D ½{¯µZ^¿{ÕY]ÃZ³pÌÅÄ¯|Å{Ö»½Z¿ÕÁ movement, LIBERA, meaning "free." Her dÌ¿Ë{,Ä »Zm{Â^Æ]dÆm¥|Å®Ë example demonstrates that it is never too late to take up a cause to improve society. ÖÀ » Ä] ÁÌaÂË{M ½Z»Z ,¶° ¾Ì¼Å Ä] Likewise, the Addiopizzo organization, ^Àm®ËÖfËZ¼uÕZÅdyY{aZ]Ö§ZuY|y which means "goodbye to protection Ö·Z»|¿ÂÌaÕZÅÌn¿¾f°ÕY]Ä¯dYÖ¿|» payments," is an important civic |À¯Ö»Ôe,Ã|ÄÌ^ e¶ÌÌÕZÌ§Z»ÂeÄ¯ PRYHPHQW SXVKLQJ WR EUHDN WKH ¿QDQFLDO ½YÂm½YY{½YÂfYÕ{Y| eÂeÁÌaÂË{M chains of bondage that were put in place µÂv»½Z»Z¾ËY |ÌPeµZ{ E\6LFLO\ V0D¿D$GGLRSL]]RZDVIRXQGHG ,cZ«,ZÌ§Z»|½ÓZ §¶f«|ÅZÄ¯dYÖ¸¿ by a few young restaurateurs in 2004, as a by-product of a generation that witnessed dY Ã{Â] Z¯ Á \¯ ¶ÅY Á ½YZ´¿Ä»Z¿Á WKH NLOOLQJV RI DQWL0D¿D DFWLYLVWV ½M{Ä¯Ö¸ÌÌ{Â]Ã{ZÁÌaÂË{MY|¿Yºq judges, journalists and businesspeople. Á|À¯Ö¼¿µfÀ¯Y{Zf«YÕZÅz]Ä¼ÅZÌ§Z» $GGLRSL]]R V YLVLRQ ZDV VLPSOH D 6LFLO\ {Â|{ZÅÃY|¿YÄ¼Å{ZÅZ¯Á\¯ ZKHUHWKH0D¿DGLGQRWFRQWURODOOVHFWRUV |ÀÀ¯Ö»ü{ÂyÕY]Y{Ây of the economy and where businesses of DOOVL]HVFRXOGNHHSRIWKHLUSUR¿WV 6 |Z¬»Á¥Y|ÅY Goals and Objectives ÁZÌ§Z»[ZYÄ]Ä¯{Â]½MµZ^¿{Ä]ÂÀÌ¸Â] Borsellino sought to put an end to the |z]½ZËZaZË^Ì·ÌZeZ]½MÃ|ÀÀ¯l¸§ÕÁÌa 0D¿D V LQWLPLGDWLQJ DQG FULSSOLQJ SL]]R ®qÂ¯ÕZÅ½Z»Z¶»ZdYÕYÄË{ZveYZË^Ì· www.tavaana.org ÁÌaÂË{M^ÀmÁÂÀÌ¸Â]ZfË-ZÌ§Z»Y¶ÌÌÕÌ³aZ] by establishing LIBERA, an association dYÃ{¯Ö»dÌ·Z §µZYZÌ§Z»ÄÌ¸Ä¯ of small organizations working to combat YYZÌ·ZfËY¹{»d¿YÂeZË^Ì·ÕYn»YÂÀÌ¸Â] WKH 0D¿D LQ 7KURXJK /,%(5$ Borsellino educated the Italian people ÃZ³MÌ»Md¿ÂyÌ£Á¹YMÕ{Zf«YÕZÅ¹Z¿ about a nonviolent and peaceful system of d»Â°uÁ]©Â¬uÄ]¹YfuYZ]Ö»Z¿,|À¯ economics, one with respect for the rule of Äf§ZË½Z»ZºËYmÕZÌ¿{{Ä¯Ö»Z¿Á½Â¿Z« law and human rights, a system that had ª¿ÁÄ]Ä¯½MYÌ]ZË^Ì· dYÃ|Â»Y§ been lost in the world of organized crime. 7 |ÀfyY{aÖ¼¿ÁÌaÄ¯{Y{b]ÖËZÅZ¯Á\¯ More than helping jumpstart businesses Ã| Ã{Z» ¾Ì» Y ½ÁÌ] ÖY» ¾fyZ Ä] that did not pay the pizzo, LIBERA began ÕÁZ¯cÓÂv»d¯dÆmd·Á{Âe EXLOGLQJIDUPVRXWRIODQGFRQ¿VFDWHGE\ ,{YM¾Ì»¾ËY{ dyY{a,ZÌ§Z»d{YZÅ WKH JRYHUQPHQW LQ RUGHU WR JURZ 0D¿D free agricultural products, Libera Terra, to ¥Z »¯Y»{|ËZ]Ä¯|Ö»d¯ÖeÓÂv» be sold in pizzo-free establishments. 8 |Ö»ÄfyÁ§ÖfËZ¼uµÂaY Addiopizzo similarly challenged the Ä]½|Ìz]c|«Z]\Ìee¾ËYÄ]ÁÌaÂË{M PD¿DE\HPSRZHULQJEXVLQHVVRZQHUVWR ÕZZ¬e|ÀfYÂyÖ¼¿Ä¯ÕZ¯Á\¯½ZûZ UHIXVH WKH 0D¿D V GHPDQGV E\ FUHDWLQJ ÖfËZ¼uÄ°^{ZnËYÄ]{ÂyÁÃ{Y{xZaYZÌ§Z» a strong support network. Addiopizzo {Y{ Y« ·Zq {Â» Y ZÌ§Z» ,|¿Y{b] ÕÂ« worked with business owners to open and run pizzo-free businesses to show {¯Ö»Z¯,Z¯Á\¯½ZûZZ]ÁÌaÂË{M the Sicilian people that there is a viable YÖfËZ¼uµÂadyY{aY¥Z »ÖËZÅdÌ·Z §Ze DOWHUQDWLYH WR WKH 0D¿DGRPLQDWHG ½Z¿¶ÌÌ¹{»Ä]Ze|ÀÀ¯ÃY{YÁÃ{¯Z£M business culture. Addiopizzo used the ]Y] { f{ ¶]Z« Á ¶Ë|] ÖÅY Ä¯ |ÀÅ{ example of Libero Grassi, a business {Y{{ÂmÁZÌ§Z»È¸dveZ¯Á\¯²ÀÅ§ RZQHUZKRVWRRGXSWRWKH0D¿DLQ Ã{Z¨fYÖY³ÂË^Ì·dÌ·Z §Ä¿Â¼¿YÁÌaÂË{M by refusing to pay the pizzo. Grassi tried µZ{ZÌ§Z»]Y]{Ä¯{Â]Ä^¯®ËÁY {¯ to organize a group of supporters, but no {¯Ö³{ZfËYÖfËZ¼uµÂa¾fyY{b¿Z], RQHZDVZLOOLQJWRVWDQGXSWRWKH0D¿D as he had; Grassi was murdered that same ÂÂ»¾ËY½ZÌ»ZuYÖÅÁ³{¯ÔeÖY³ year. At Addiopizzo rallies, speakers have ]Y]{dYÂz¿¯pÌÅZ»Y|À¯ÖÅ{½Z»ZY declared, "There is no better time to say Äf¯µZ½Z¼Å{ÖY³-|fËZ]ÁY¶j»ZÌ§Z» no. You will not be left alone. These are no |¿{¯¹ÔY½Z¿YÀzÁÌaÂË{McYÅZe{ | longer the 1990s, when Libero Grassi was Z¼ {Y|¿{ÂmÁ¾f¨³Ä¿ÕY]fÆ]Ö¿Z» Ä¯ murdered, because he was abandoned." 9 Ä¯dÌ¿ÄÅ{ÃÁ{´Ë{ |Ì¿Z»Ö¼¿ZÆÀe ZÆÀe½Âq|Äf¯ÁY |Äf¯ÖY³ÂË^Ì· Leadership Too often movements are sparked |ÄfY~³ by injustices, and like so many others, ]©Â¬uÁÖY¯Â»{ ZÅÄ]ne www.tavaana.org Borsellino's catalyst for becoming a civic Õ^Å leader was driven by personal tragedy. In her work at LIBERA, she has managed Öf·Y|Ö]Z]ZÅ^ÀmÄ«m{YÂ»\¸£Y{ to unite numerous societal groups to ,{YÂ» Y ´Ë{ ÕZÌ] ¶j» Á {ÂÖ» Ã{ KHHGKHUFDOOIRUD0D¿DIUHHHFRQRP\ 10 ^Å®ËÄ]½|¶Ë|êÕY]ÂÀÌ¸Â]ÁÌ·ZeZ¯ In this manner, Borsellino expanded {ÂyZ¯{ÁY {Â]ÕÁÖzÕ{YeÖ¿|» the organization to include over 1,500 ÖZ¼fmYÕZÅÃÁ³Ä¯{Â]½MµZ^¿{Ä]ZË^Ì·{ associations that successfully combat the ZÅ,Õ{Zf«YÄ]{Ây½YÂyY§ÕY]Y¦¸fz» 0D¿D V LQÀXHQFH LQ WKH 6LFLOLDQ PDUNHW Her accomplishments led her to electoral Y {Ây ½Z»Z ÂÀÌ¸Â] {Z |vf» ZÌ§Z» Y politics; Borsellino was elected as an Ä] dÌ¬§Â» Z] Á {Y{ f³ ÄË{ZveY Ä] Italian Member to the European Parliament dyY{a¶ÌÌYZ]{ZÌ§Z»}Â¨¿ÄÌ¸ÃZ^» LQ WR DGGUHVV WKH 0D¿D V QHJDWLYH dZÌÄ{ÂuÄ]ÕÁÕZÅ{ÁZf{ HFRQRPLF LQÀXHQFH RQ D WUDQVQDWLRQDO ÖËZÌ·ZfËYÂ®Ë½YÂÀÄ]ÂÀÌ¸Â]-|ÖÆfÀ» level. ÌiZeÄ]Ze|[Zzf¿YµZ{ZaÁY½Z¼·Za {Y{b]Ö¸»Y§t{ZÌ§Z»Õ{Zf«YÖ¨À» ÌZe½YÂm¾Ë§MZ¯®ËÂeÁÌaÂË{M ½{¯ Z] ÕY] Õ|À]Äm{Â] ¹Z´ÀÅ Ä] Ä¯ | ZËÁÌa|ÅYÂyÖ¼¿d§³ºÌ¼e½YÂf®Ë Â»·Za Ä¯ t^ Á ®Ë {Y{b] ÖfËZ¼u µÂa Ã|Ì^q Y ÁÌaÂË{M ¹ZÌa ,dZy] [YÂy Y µÂa Ä¯ Ö»{» ¹Z¼e |Ë{ Æ ÕZÅYÂË{ ] |ÀfÌ¿d»Y¯\uZ|¿Y{aÖ»YÖfËZ¼u

Addiopizzo was founded by young Y|f]Y{ Ä¯|¿ÁMÖ»{ZËÄ]ÁÌaÂË{M½YY~´¿ZÌÀ] entrepreneurs who, when budgeting to ¬§Z» ºËÂª§Â»|u¾ËYZeºË{¯Ö¼¿°§ open a restaurant, decided they did not YÁÌaÂË{M ºÌÀ¯Z]Yhv][Z]ºÌfYÂyÖ» want to pay the pizzo. One morning, ZfyZpÌÅÄ¯dY{§Ä]vÀ»dÆm¾ËY Palermo woke up to Addiopizzo's message Ä]½|ÌµZ^¿{Ä]fÌ]ÁdY|¿ÕÂÕ^Å SODVWHUHGDOORYHUWKHFLW\$ZKROHSHRSOH Ö»Â¼ÁZ],µZ{ cÆZe{Â]ÄnÌf¿ who pays the pizzo is a people without 11 Á|ÀÀ¯Ö»ÃY{YY½Z»Z¾ËY¨¿Ä¯{Â]¾ËY dignity." Addiopizzo founders recall, "initially we didn't think we'd succeed |ÀfÅZ^eY{Ö¿ÁZ edÌ·Z §ZÅ|Z] so well. We simply wanted to open the ¶]Z« Õ^Å ZË Ö¼ ÕÂ´Àz ®Ë ½Á|] debate." 12 Addiopizzo is unique in that it ^Àm¾ËY{^ÌaµZ^¿{Ä]{¨À»ÕZY,Ã|ÅZ» has no formal leadership structure, seeking ½|«YÁÄ¿Â¼¿Á{ÂyZycZ»Y|«YªËY to achieve results rather than fame. In ,ÂÀÌ 5»ÂÌ]Z§µZj»½YÂÀÄ] |¿{Â]{ÂyÕ^ÅZ] www.tavaana.org ÁÌaÂË{M^ÀmÁÂÀÌ¸Â]ZfË-ZÌ§Z»Y¶ÌÌÕÌ³aZ]

2006, it was believed that there were ZuYYÁÌaYZÅÖf¯Z»aÂ¾fY{Ä]ZÌ¿ about 50 people running the organization ÃY ¾ËY { Y YÖ³|¿ Y|¿Ya Ä¼Å Á {¯ who worked with hundreds of cooperating businesses. 13 ÄfyZÀZÅ ÁÌaÂf¿ZaÄ]ÕÁdÌ·Z § dY~³ :LWKRXW DQ RI¿FLDO VSRNHVSHUVRQ RU Z¯Á\¯¶j»Z¯Á\¯ZÅ| dYÃ| visible leader, individual members seek to ÖÀË´ËZmZÆ¿M-|¿|ÌËÁÂ»·ZaY{ÂÀÌ» further the movement by taking initiative Ä¯ÖËZÅZ¯Á\¯]Y]{Ö«ÔyYÁ[Â^v» DQGOHDGLQJE\H[DPSOH±)DELR0HVVLQR [Â^v»Ö¸v»Ä]ÁÃ{Â]|ÀfyY{aÖ»ÁÌaÂÀÅ for example, saw the need for a pizzo-free |¿|¶Ë|^eÖ«ÔyYÕ´{³ÕY] supermarket and invested his life savings in the venture that became known as the Punto Pizzofree. 14 Hundreds of businesses Ö¿|»ÕZ§ like Messino's have popped up all over Ö´ÀÅ§,{Âyc|«Á}Â¨¿¨uÕY]ZÌ§Z» Palermo; they offer a popular, ethical Ä]d¿ÂyÁ[ZYªËY¶ÌÌ{Y eY alternative to the businesses that still pay the pizzo and have also become a popular ÕYÄ¬À»,Ö¸v»sÂ{d»Â°u {ÁM{ÂmÁ destination for ethical tourism. 15 ZÌ§Z» ]Y] { Ä¯ Ö¿Z¯ ÕY] ÕZ¯ Ö¸» Á c|«ËY§YZ]Öfu {Y{Ö¼¿¹Zn¿Y|¿{ZfËYÖ» Civic Environment ÂÀÌ» {Â]ÌqZ¿ÁYÖZÌÕZÅ|¿ÂÌa,ÁÌaÂË{M ,QDQHIIRUWWRPDLQWDLQWKHLULQÀXHQFH ÖZÌdËZ¼upÌÅYZ» |ËÂ³Ö»{Â»¾ËY{ DQG KROG RQ SRZHU WKH 0D¿D GHYHORSHG Zf¿Y ³Å µZu Å Ä] Á ºËYÃ{Â^¿ Y{Ây] a culture of fear in Sicily through ½Y^Å,Ö¸¯ÂÄ] ºÌfY|¿YÖ°¼¯¾ÌÀq intimidation and violence. The government, on a local, regional and national level, |¿YÃ|Ë³ÕÁ{ZÌ§Z»Z]{Ây]YZÌ·ZfËYÖZÌ did little to support those who stood Ö¸ § d·Á{ ½Y|¬fÀ» Y Ö°Ë ,ÂÌ¸³YÁY§ Â¯Z» XS WR WKH 0D¿D (YHQ DV $GGLRSL]]R ÅÄ¯{Â]¾ËY]Âe |ËÂ³Ö»,Ö¿Â°Â·] grew in strength, its political links were ,|ËÂ³Ö»¾zZÌ§Z»Z]ÃZ^»{Â»{Ä¯¯ negligible. Messina notes, "We { |¿ZeÖ»Y½Z³|ÀÅ{ÕOYÖZyz] haven't received any political backing, |ÌËÂ³Ö¼¿¾zZÌ§Z»{Â»{Z¼³Y,d¬Ì¬u and in any case, I never expected |ÌÅYÂyÖ»YZÌ§Z»ÕOÄ¯dY¶Ì·{¾ËYÄ] we would get that." 16 In general, Italy's political leaders have shied Zf§ { Ö·Âve ,ÌyY ÕZÅµZ { Z»Y DZD\ IURP GHDOLQJ ZLWK WKH 0D¿D dY{Z]Ya,Ö¿|»Ìv»dÌ¸¯Ád»Â°u Marco Travaaglio, a critic of the current ÕÌ´f{Ä¸¼mYZÌ§Z»ºÆ»ÕZÅÃÆqYÕ{Y| e Berlusconi government, explained, "It was µZ{¶ÌÌÕZÌ§Z»ÌW,Â¿Y¿ ÁÁaÁ{Z¿]5 WKRXJKWWKDWZKRHYHUWDONVDERXW¿JKWLQJ Ä]ZÅÄ¬¸uj¯Y{Â¿Y¿ÁÁa dYÃ{Y{w WKH 0D¿D VFDUHV D FHUWDLQ VHJPHQW RI Á¾Ì·ÁY{ |Ö»ÄfyZÀZÁÌW ½YÂÀ the electorate…In reality, if you don't talk Ö»ZY,Y{ÃZ¤»YÌ],Â¿Y¿ÁÁaÄ¼¯Zv» ]©Â¬uÁÖY¯Â»{ ZÅÄ]ne www.tavaana.org

DERXW WKH 0D¿D LW LV EHFDXVH \RX ZDQW dYÂy{ ®Ë { Y {Ây ÕZÅÃZ¤» Á {Ây 17 0D¿DYRWHV Õ}ZyY { d¯Z» Y ZÀf»Y dÆm Öf¿fÀËY However, in recent years there has been a shift in government behavior and ½YY|¼fZÌ ½ÂÀ¯Y |¿{¯ d^i ZÌ§Z» ÖfËZ¼u the overall civic environment following Á |ÀËÂ´] ¾z ZÌ§Z» ÄÌ¸ |ÀfÅ ¶ËZ» ÕfÌ] WKH DUUHVWV RI D QXPEHU RI VLJQL¿FDQW ZÌ§Z» ÕZÅ¶f«Á ÖËZ]¹{M ,{Z§ { Ä¯ Ö¿Z¯ 0D¿D¿JXUHVLQFOXGLQJWKHFDSWXUH |¿YÃ| Ã|Ì¯ Ä¼¯Zv» Ä] |ÀfÅ ¹m ®Ë of Bernardo Provenzano, head of the {ZveY [u ÕZY Y Ö°Ë Â¿Z¨·M ÂÀÌ¸n¿M 6LFLOLDQ 0D¿D NQRZQ LQ PRVW FLUFOHV |Å{Ö»tÌÂe,Ö¿Â°Â·]ÂÆ¼mÌWÕ{YM DV WKH ERVV RI DOO ERVVHV 2Q WKH ¿UVW Z]ÃY¼ÅZÌ§Z»Ád·Á{cZZ^eY{cYÌÌ¤eÄ¯ day of Provenzano's trial, more than 100 shopkeepers signed their names and ZË^Ì·¶j»ÖËZÌ§Z»|ÕZÅ^ÀmÖ¿|»ÕZÅÀ¯ shops onto an online petition that refused |¿YÃ|¿Z ZÆf¿Y Ä] Y e ½YÁ{ ,ÁÌaÂË{M Á WR SDUWLFLSDWH LQ WKH 0D¿D V SURWHFWLRQ d·Á{Ä]|¿YÄf§³ºÌ¼eZÅd¯YÕZÌ] racket. 18 Many politicians are now more ZÆ¿MYd·Á{Ä¯|ÀZ]ÄfY{ÁZ]ÁÃ{¯{Z¼fY ZLOOLQJWRVSHDNRXWDJDLQVWWKH0D¿DDQG {¯|ÅYÂydËZ¼u WKRVH ZKR ZHUH FRPSOLFLW LQ WKH 0D¿D V corruption, kidnappings and killings are being put on trial. Angelino Alfano, \Zz»Á¹ZÌa a member of President Berlusconi's {ZÌÀ] ¾ËY ÕY] ,ÁÌaÂË{M Ö»{» ^Àm People of Freedom Alliance, explains ¦·Zz»½ZËf»ÁZ¯Á\¯¶ÅYZe|ÄfY~³ WKDW WKH FKDQJHV LQ JRYHUQPHQWDO 0D¿D ÁÃ{Y{|¿ÂÌa´Ë|°ËÄ]YÖfËZ¼uµÂaZËÁÌaZ] acquiescence, combined with the civic {Zf«Y]ZÌ§Z»Ä¸ÄÌ¸dËZ¼uÕY]ÕYÄ »Zm DFWLRQV RI DQWL0D¿D PRYHPHQWV OLNH LIBERA and Addiopizzo, are ending ÁÌaÂË{M ¹ZÌa ÃÅÂm { {Y~³ ½ZÌÀ] ¶ÌÌ DQ HUD RI IHDU $ ORW RI FRPSDQLHV KDYH {Y|¿ZfY{Â^Æ]ÕY]|À¼e|«Z»YÃ{Z¶ËZ¼e®Ë decided to trust the state and believe the ]ÖÀ^»ZÆ¿M¹ZÌa dY{{ÂmÁZÅÖ¸ÌÌÖ³|¿ state will protect them." 19 |¿Y{aÖ»YÖfËZ¼uµÂaÄ¯Ö»{»¹Z¼e Ä°ÀËY |ÀfÌ¿d»Y¯\uZ Message and Audience cÂ¾ËYÄ],ÁÌaÂË{M½YY~´¿ZÌÀ]ÕÂY Addiopizzo's grassroots movement was founded to connect businesses and Ä¸]Z¬»Ä]Ö¿YÂyY§ »Y¾ËYÄ¯dYÃ|¦ÌÂe consumers opposed to the pizzo in order to ]\¸£Y¹ZÌa¾ËY {Â]ÄmÂe\¸mÕY]ÖÁÁ establish a community of support against Ã{d·ZnyÕY],ÆY{ZÅ\q]ÕÁ WKH 0D¿D V GRPLQDQFH RI WKH 6LFLOLDQ Ã{Y{ËZ¼¿,|ÀfyY{aÖ»ÁÌaÄ¯Ö¿Z¯½{¯ economy. At the core of Addiopizzo's ®ËZ]Äf°Ä¬¸u®ËYÃÁ³ÕZY |Ö» message was a simple yet powerful desire ¥» cZ^ Z] ½M Á { °ËY d»Ô to improve the standard of living of |¿{¯Ö»Ã{Z¨fY½Z»ZÄ¿Z¿½YÂÀÄ]Õ{Z¬f¿Y www.tavaana.org ÁÌaÂË{M^ÀmÁÂÀÌ¸Â]ZfË-ZÌ§Z»Y¶ÌÌÕÌ³aZ]

Sicilians. Their message, "A whole people YÁÌaYZÅÕZÅZ¯Á\¯ÁcÓÂv»Ze who pays the pizzo is a people without |¿ZZ]Áz»½Z´¼ÅÕY] dignity," 20 was described by Addiopizzo founders as "a call to arms, a way to get d¯Z»aÂ ¶j» Ì»MdÌ¬§Â» ÕZÅ½ZfY{ attention." 21 It was often displayed on Ì»MZzf§Y Õ{Z¼¿ ,ZÅ ÁÌa Âf¿Za ¹Z¿ Z] ÂÀÌ» stickers throughout the city to generate ½Z°»Y,Õ{Z¹{»Ä]Ä¯dZÌ§Z»|^ÀmY shame for those who paid the pizzo. As an Á ¹m { Ì³{ ÕZÅÃ{YÂ¿Zy ÄÌ¸ Ö³{ZfËY emblem of the organization, members used kZfvËZ»|Ëy¶j»ÖËZÅÀ¯ªËYYdËZÀm a broken circle with an 'X' in the middle ¾ËY ½YY|Ëy |ËÂ³Ö» ÂÀÌ» |Å{Ö» Ä¿YÁ with the phrase "Consumo Critico," or |À¿YÂeÖ»ÃZ¤»¾ËY{Ä¯|¿Y{dÁ{YdÌ «YÁ "Critical Consumption", so that non-pizzo products and businesses are recognizable to all. Success stories like Messina's Punto Pizzofree supermarket stand as a proud V\PERO RI WKH DQWL0D¿D PRYHPHQW allowing ordinary people to stand against crime families through daily actions like buying groceries. "Customers like the fact that, in this shop, they can actually make a statement each time they buy a product," Messina notes. 22 It was the simplicity, yet boldness, of this action that appealed to the residents of Palermo. According to one customer, "If everybody does just one thing like this then we are all making D VWDQG DJDLQVW WKH 0D¿D 23 Humor has also become a vehicle for disseminating WKH DQWL0D¿D PHVVDJH 0HVVLQD VHOOV ¹ÔYµÂv»®Ë|ËyZ]Y{ÂyÂ»Zf¬Ì¬u hats in his store that symbolize a new ½ZÀ¯ZZ]¶¼¾ËYdZnÁÖ³{Z |ÀÀ¯ era. "This used to be the type of cap often Õf»®Ë¿Ä]ZÀ] {¯Ö»Y«]Z^eYÂ»·Za ZRUQ E\ 0D¿RVL WKH\ G ZHDU LW VWUDLJKW |Å{¹Zn¿Y¾ËYÄ]ÄÌ^ÕZ¯¬§¯Å³Y like this. But the company is called La ¾ÌÀr¼Å ºËYÄf§³ Â» ZÌ§Z» ÄÌ¸ Z» Ä¼Å Coppola Storta (Jaunty Cap) because we Ã|¶Ë|^eZÌ§Z»|¹ZÌa¿ÕY]ÕY]YÄ],À wear it differently, at an angle. It's about reclaiming and re-interpreting a symbol, |Á§Ö»{ÂyÃZ¤»{ÖËZÅÃÔ¯Â¼Ì»-dY giving it a positive meaning." 24 ÖÅÔ¯½Z¼Å¾ËY |ÀfÅÕYÃZe½YÁ{{Z¼¿Ä¯ Borsellino uses education as her means ½MZÆ¿M-|ÀfY{]\¸£YZÌ§Z»ÕZYÄ¯dY ]©Â¬uÁÖY¯Â»{ ZÅÄ]ne www.tavaana.org

WR GLVVHPLQDWH KHU DQWL0D¿D PHVVDJHV Z»d¯Z»Y |¿|ÌÂaÖ»¾ËY¶j»dYY hoping to reach all Italians, because, ÕÂv¿Ä]Y½MZ»½Âq|»Z¿Ö»ÓÂaÂ¯ÃÔ¯Y½M DFFRUGLQJ WR KHU 7KH ¿JKW DJDLQVW WKH Z¯¾ËY ºËY~³Ö»]ÄËÁY®ËZ]cÁZ¨f» 0D¿DPXVWWRXFKDOORI,WDO\ 25 By 1999, LIBERA had trained and educated more ®Ë½{Y{ÁÌ¨eZ],{Z¼¿®Ë¾f§³aZ¿Z¼Å than 8,000 teachers and 800,000 students, dY½MÄ]d^j»ÖÀ » including many young Italians still in dÆm{ÂyY]Y½YÂÀÄ]Â»MYÂÀÌ¸Â] primary school. A volunteer with the |Ì»Y¾ËYZ],{Ì³Ö»ÃÆ]ÖËZÌ§Z»|ÕZÅ¹ZÌa¿ organization, Silvia Pellegrino, argued, "If ZÀ]½Âq|À¯Y|ÌaÖf{ZÅÖËZÌ·ZfËYÄ¼ÅÄ]Ä¯ we are educating people now about how Ä¼ÅÂ³Ä]|ËZ]ZÌ§Z»ÄÌ¸ÃZ^» ÕÁ¿Ä] WR GHI\ WKH 0D¿D EXW IDLO WR WHDFK WKRVH younger than us, we will never be able to YÌ],µZYZË^Ì· |]ZÅÖËZÌ·ZfËY UHDFKRXUJRDORIHOLPLQDWLQJWKH0D¿D 26 ÕZÌ]Ä¸¼mYÂ»M¿Y{Áº¸ » To reach that goal, LIBERA organizes class {ÂÀÅÄ¯YÖËZÌ·ZfËY½Z¿YÂmÂ¿Á½Z¯{Â¯Y VSHDNHUVDQG¿HOGWULSVWRHGXFDWH6LFLOLDQ Ã{Y{ Y« Â»M dve ,|ÀfÅ ÖËY|f]Y Ä|» youth, including some children whose ½Z»Z ½Z^¸ÁY{ Y Ö°Ë ÂÀË´ 5¸5a ZËÂ¸Ì dY SDUHQWV EHORQJ WR WKH 0D¿D $FFRUGLQJ {Ây]{Â»{¹{»Ä]½ÂÀ¯YZ»³Y |ËÂ³Ö» to Borsellino, "The children can become Ye½YÂm{Y§YºÌ¿YÂf¿Z»YºÌÅ{Â»MZÌ§Z»Z] the messengers of positive [values] inside their own family." 27 {Â]ºÌÅYÂz¿{Z«³Å,ºÌÅ{Y«ºÌ¸ edve ºÌ]ZË d{ ZÌ§Z» ¥~u ÖÀ Ë {Ây ¥|Å Ä] Outreach Activities ÖÅ|¿Z»Z Ä] ZË^Ì· ,¥|Å ¾ËY Ä] ½|Ì ÕY] Both Addiopizzo and LIBERA have ÖÂ»M ÕZÅ¨ Á ZÅ Ô¯ ÕY] Ö¿YÀz established coalitions of like-minded ¶»Z ,Ö¸ÌÌ ½Z¿YÂmÂ¿ Á ½Z¯{Â¯ ºÌ¸ e ÕY] organizations to further their cause. As ª¸ e ZÌ§Z» Ä] ZÆ¿M ¾Ë|·YÁ Ä¯ Ö¿Z¯{Â¯ Öy] Messina notes, "All you need to do is ½Z¯{Â¯ ÂÀÌ¸Â]¿ª^] {Y{aÖ»,|¿Y{ introduce consumers to producers, neither of whom want to pay the pizzo, [to] bring ½Á{{d^j»ÕZÅY½YÁM¹ZÌaÄ]|À¿YÂeÖ» about a common bond, a more ethical |¿Â¶Ë|^e{ÂyÇ{YÂ¿Zy consumption and a client loyalty which is absolutely guaranteed." 28 By 2008, f³Y§ÕZÅdÌ·Z § Addiopizzo's network had expanded to include 204 businesses and over 9,000 Z] ÖËZÅ¥ÔfWY ,ZË^Ì· ºÅ Á ÁÌaÂË{M ºÅ ORFDO,WDOLDQVZKRKDYHRI¿FLDOO\UHJLVWHUHG {Ây ¥|Å {^Ìa ÕY] Ã|Ì¬ºÅ ÕZÅ½Z»Z with the organization. Ä¼Å |ËÂ³Ö»ÂÀÌ»Ä¯½ZÀq½M |¿{¯{ZnËY LIBERA sought to connect diverse Ö§ » ,|ÌÅ{ ¹Zn¿Y Ä¯ |ËY{ ZÌ¿ Z¼ Är¿M groups and organizations in Italy with the pÌÅÄ¯Ö¿Z¯,dY½Z³|ÀÀ¯|Ì·ÂeÄ]½ZËf» common goal of combating the power and ®Ë ºÅ Z] Á |¿Y{b] ÁÌa |ÀÅYÂyÖ¼¿ ®Ë www.tavaana.org ÁÌaÂË{M^ÀmÁÂÀÌ¸Â]ZfË-ZÌ§Z»Y¶ÌÌÕÌ³aZ]

ÁeÖ«ÔyY¥»-|ÀÅ{¶°f»|¿ÂÌa dYÃ|¾Ì¼eZ¬¸»Ä¯Õf»ÕY{Z§Á Z¯Á\¯,µZZeÁÌaÂË{MÄ°^ ½Z»Z{Z¼Ä¯YÖ¸v»ÖËZÌ·ZfËYÁ {Â]Ã{Y{ÕZm{Ây{,|¿{Â]Ã{¯¹Z¿dî Á ZÅÃÁ³ ¾fyZ ê» µZ^¿{ Ä] ZË^Ì· f»¥|Å®ËZ]ZÌ·ZfËY{ÂÀf»ÕZÅ½Z»Z Á¼¸«Z»Y {Â]ZÌ§Z»}Â¨¿Ác|«Z]ÃZ^»ÖÀ Ë LQÀXHQFHRIWKH0D¿D,WVUHDFKKRZHYHU Á Ã|Ì ZÌ§Z» ÄÌ¸ ÃZ^» Y eY§ Ä] ½M ÌiZe extends beyond the struggle against the ½Z^¸ÁY{ Á ÖÁ ,Ö´ÀÅ§ ÕZÅ¾¼n¿Y Ze 0D¿D DQG LQFOXGHV FXOWXUDO VSRUWLQJ and volunteers associations, who seek ÕZÅÄ»Z¿] Ä] ZÅ¾¼n¿Y ¾ËY Äf§ZË f³ Ì¿ out Borsellino's education programs and ÂÀÌ¸Â] ÕÂ»MZ¯ ÕZÅZÀÌ¼ Á ÖÂ»M training seminars. 29 With Italy moving dÆm{Ä¯ÖËZÌ·ZfËYZ]ÃY¼Å |ÀfÅ|À¼«Ô in the right direction, Borsellino is now È Âe]½ÂÀ¯YÂÀÌ¸Â],{Y{Ö»]¹Z³d{ focused on expanding her coalition ÁÌaÂË{M dY ¯¼f» {Ây ¥ÔfWY Ö¸¸¼·Y¾Ì] internationally, while Addiopizzo YZÅÄ¯ÕfÌ]ÕZÅZ¯Á\¯dîÄ]Ì¿ continues to register more pizzo-free Ä]Á|Å{Ö»Ä»Y{Y,|ÀfÅÂ¯Y{ÁÌa business throughout the country, giving Italians and global citizens alike the hope ¾ËYÕÁZ»ÂÄ],½ZÆm½Y|¿ÁÆÁZÅÖËZÌ·ZfËY that one day Italy can completely rid itself Ô»Z¯|¿YÂeÖ»ZÌ·ZfËYÁ®ËÄ¯|Å{Ö»Y|Ì»Y RIWKH0D¿D {ZZÅZÌ§Z»YY{Ây

Footnotes ZÅdÂ¿Öa 0RRUH0DOFROP,WDO\ V%LJJHVW%XVLQHVV7KH0D¿D7KH7HOHJUDSK2FWREHU 3URWHVWLQJWKH 3L]]R $QWL0D¿D0DUNHWWR7RXU,WDO\6SLHJHO2QOLQH0DUFK 3. Moore. 3LVD1LFN0D¿DIUHH6XSHUPDUNHW'H¿HV0RE([WRUWLRQ7KH7HOHJUDSK0DUFK +ROPHV6WHSKDQLH5LWD%RUVHOOLQR$QWL0D¿D&DPSDLJQHU 2QH+XQGUHG'H¿DQW6KRSNHHSHUV6D\ :H'RQ W3D\3URWHFWLRQ0RQH\ &RUULHUH0D\ 7. Rita Borsellino. -RKQVWRQ9DQHVVD$QWL0D¿D3URGXFWV0DNH7KHLU0DUNLQ6LFLO\'HXWVFKH:HOOH0D\ ,WDO\7DNLQJRQWKH0D¿D)URQWOLQH-DQXDU\ 10. Borsellino. 11. "Homepage." Addiopizzo.org. 2010. ,WDO\7DNLQJRQWKH0D¿D 0RRUH0DOFROP:H:RQ W3D\

14. Pisa. 5RXQG$QG\0D¿D)UHH+ROLGD\±$Q2IIHU

Learn More |Ì¿Y|]fÌ] News and Analysis ZÅÄ·Z¬»ÁZÅ^y "Addiopizzo." Wikipedia. 22 August 2010. $GGLRSL]]R2I¿FLDO:HEVLWH %RUVHOOLQR5LWD,WDOLDQ:RPHQ$JDLQVWWKH0D¿D'LDORJXHV3URSRVDOV6WRULHVIRU*OREDO&LWL]HQVKLS May 1999. *UHHQOHHVH1DQF\

Books ZÅ[Zf¯ -DPLHVRQ$OLVRQ7KH$QWLPD¿D,WDO\ V)LJKW$JDLQVW2UJDQL]HG&ULPH/RQGRQ3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ 2000. 2UODQGR/HROXFD)LJKWLQJWKH0D¿DDQG5HQHZLQJ6LFLOLDQ&XOWXUH1HZ

Videos ZÅÂW|ËÁ "Sicilian Girl." Dir. Marco Amenta. Perf. Veronica D'Agostino. Pid, 2009. DVD. ,WDO\7DNLQJRQWKH0D¿D)URQWOLQH-DQXDU\ 7('[3DOHUPR'DULR5LFFRERQR$GGLRSL]]R$JDLQVW0D¿D