DOCSLIB.ORG

Households and Consumption in Three Localities of the 18Th-Century Atlantic World

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Households and Consumption in Three Localities of the 18Th-Century Atlantic World University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2019 Consumer Behavior and Household Complexity: Households and Consumption in Three Localities of the 18th-Century Atlantic World Eric Schweickart University of Tennessee, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Recommended Citation Schweickart, Eric, "Consumer Behavior and Household Complexity: Households and Consumption in Three Localities of the 18th-Century Atlantic World. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2019. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5716 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Eric Schweickart entitled "Consumer Behavior and Household Complexity: Households and Consumption in Three Localities of the 18th- Century Atlantic World." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Anthropology. Barbara Heath, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Tim Baumann, Kandi Hollenbach, James Fordyce, Julie Reed Accepted for the Council: Dixie L. Thompson Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Consumer Behavior and Household Complexity: Households and Consumption in Three Localities of the 18th-Century Atlantic World A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Eric George Schweickart December 2019 Copyright © 2019 by Eric George Schweickart All rights reserved. ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dr. Barbara Heath for serving as my PhD advisor at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. I am deeply grateful for all the support, advice and guidance that she has given me over the last five years, without which this dissertation would not have been possible. I would like to thank Mark Freeman, who taught me the value of open data and made my attendance at UTK possible. I appreciate the time Dr. Kandi Hollenbach, Dr. Tim Baumann, Dr. Julie Reed, and Dr. Jim Fordyce spent serving on my graduate committee and I thank them for their comments and advice on my work. I would like to thank Dee DeRoche and Dr. Kate Ridgeway at the Virginia Department of Historic Resources, Kelly Ladd-Kostro at the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Dr. Tim Baumann (again) at the McClung Museum, Dr. Emily McDowell at the North Carolina Office of State Archaeology, and especially Miranda Panther at the Tribal Historic Preservation Office of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians for providing me access to their collections. I would like to thank Dr. Jan Simek and Sierra Bow of the UTK Analytical Archaeology Laboratory and Howard Cyr of the UTK Geoarchaeology Core Facility for providing me with the training and pXRF equipment necessary to complete this research. Finally, I would like to thank Lindsey Cochran, Kendy Altizer, Mark Babin and Meagan Dennison for their support and comments during the writing of this dissertation. This research project would not have been possible without the dedication of the many archaeologists who excavated, recorded, and interpreted the sites that I drew upon, often for far too little pay. I am very grateful for all that you have done, both for me and for the memorialization of the past. This project was generously funded by the Wenner-Gren Foundation, the University of Tennessee, Knoxville Graduate School, and the University of Tennessee, Knoxville Department iii of Anthropology. I deeply appreciate the support of these institutions have shown me and my work. I would like to thank my family for their unwavering love and encouragement over the years. Mom and Ed, thank you for your guidance through the world. Dad and Joanne, thank you for providing me with perspective. Eston and Sarah, thank you for listening to me, no matter what. Ashley, it will take me a lifetime to express my gratitude for everything you have done for me. iv Abstract This project examines the intersection of household formation practices and consumer behavior in the 18th-century British Atlantic world. Scholars have argued that more complex households, comprised of extended family and/or non-kin residents, limit the consumer choices available to constituent members more than simple, nuclear households do. I test this assertion by comparing patterns of variation in the material attributes of copper alloy buttons from several households in three separate localities, Williamsburg, Virginia; Brunswick, North Carolina; and Chota, Tennessee. The degree of similarity between each household’s assemblage of these globally- traded artifacts, when placed in the context of the distribution of object variants available at local marketplaces, is a key indicator of the degree to which individuals living at these sites were able to choose consumer goods that fit their personal tastes. Differences in household complexity, both synchronically across localities and diachronically within a locality, are tested as a causal factor for variation in the consumer choices evident in household assemblages. Using these data, I demonstrate the significance of household complexity as a factor which influenced the rise and spread of consumerism in the 18th century and provide archaeologists with a generalizable method for comparing the internal dynamics of multiple households. v Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 Problem ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Research Questions ..................................................................................................................... 4 Archaeological Sites ................................................................................................................ 5 Button Data ............................................................................................................................ 11 Data Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 12 Hypotheses ................................................................................................................................ 15 Outline ....................................................................................................................................... 16 Chapter 2: Literature Review ........................................................................................................ 18 Consumerism ............................................................................................................................. 18 The Scholarship of Consumerism.......................................................................................... 19 Archaeological Consumerism................................................................................................ 31 Implications for My Own Research ....................................................................................... 34 Households ................................................................................................................................ 36 The Scholarship of Households ............................................................................................. 37 Some Relevant Strands of Household Research .................................................................... 40 Archaeological Households ................................................................................................... 46 Implications for my Own Research ....................................................................................... 50 Chapter 3: Buttons in the 18th-Century Atlantic World ............................................................... 53 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 53 Raw Materials ........................................................................................................................... 56 The Copper Alloy Production Process ...................................................................................... 57 The Organization of the Copper-Alloy Industry ....................................................................... 62 Button Manufacturing ............................................................................................................... 64 Data Collection .......................................................................................................................... 72 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 83 Chapter 4: Localities ..................................................................................................................... 85 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cherokee Ethnogenesis in Southwestern North Carolina
    The following chapter is from: The Archaeology of North Carolina: Three Archaeological Symposia Charles R. Ewen – Co-Editor Thomas R. Whyte – Co-Editor R. P. Stephen Davis, Jr. – Co-Editor North Carolina Archaeological Council Publication Number 30 2011 Available online at: http://www.rla.unc.edu/NCAC/Publications/NCAC30/index.html CHEROKEE ETHNOGENESIS IN SOUTHWESTERN NORTH CAROLINA Christopher B. Rodning Dozens of Cherokee towns dotted the river valleys of the Appalachian Summit province in southwestern North Carolina during the eighteenth century (Figure 16-1; Dickens 1967, 1978, 1979; Perdue 1998; Persico 1979; Shumate et al. 2005; Smith 1979). What developments led to the formation of these Cherokee towns? Of course, native people had been living in the Appalachian Summit for thousands of years, through the Paleoindian, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippi periods (Dickens 1976; Keel 1976; Purrington 1983; Ward and Davis 1999). What are the archaeological correlates of Cherokee culture, when are they visible archaeologically, and what can archaeology contribute to knowledge of the origins and development of Cherokee culture in southwestern North Carolina? Archaeologists, myself included, have often focused on the characteristics of pottery and other artifacts as clues about the development of Cherokee culture, which is a valid approach, but not the only approach (Dickens 1978, 1979, 1986; Hally 1986; Riggs and Rodning 2002; Rodning 2008; Schroedl 1986a; Wilson and Rodning 2002). In this paper (see also Rodning 2009a, 2010a, 2011b), I focus on the development of Cherokee towns and townhouses. Given the significance of towns and town affiliations to Cherokee identity and landscape during the 1700s (Boulware 2011; Chambers 2010; Smith 1979), I suggest that tracing the development of towns and townhouses helps us understand Cherokee ethnogenesis, more generally.
    [Show full text]
  • The Archaeology of Virginia's Long Seventeenth Century, 1550-1720: Previous Research and Future Directions
    The Archaeology of Virginia's Long Seventeenth Century, 1550-1720: Previous Research and Future Directions Dennis J. Pogue Time Line x 1561-66: Spanish expeditions from Havana and La Florida explore the Chesapeake Bay in search of trade routes to the west and to scout potential sites for settlement. x 1570: Jesuit priests establish the Ajacan mission on the York River in an attempt to Christianize the native Indians; the venture fails the next year when the priests are killed by the natives. x 1607: The English establish their first permanent settlement in Virginia when 104 colonists disembark at Jamestown Island and erect James Fort. x 1607-08: John Smith and his crew explore the Chesapeake Bay and its major tributaries by boat; the Englishmen record the locations of the Indian settlements they pass. x 1609-14: Colonists and the Powhatan Indians engage in a series of armed conflicts as the natives attempt to protect their rights to the land. x 1614: English settlers begin to cultivate tobacco, which becomes the primary source of wealth for the colony for the next 200 years. x 1617-22: Twenty-three "particular plantations," or subsidiary corporations controlled by stock holders, are created as part of an attempt to encourage immigration and the spread of settlement beyond Jamestown. x 1619: The first enslaved Africans are introduced to Virginia; the first representative legislative assembly is formed. x 1622: 200,000 pounds of tobacco are shipped out of Virginia; the homes of 1500 settlers spread for 50 miles along the James River; in response to the pressures of continued immigration of Englishmen, the Powhatan Indians attack and kill several hundred settlers in a series of coordinated attacks.
    [Show full text]
  • Pocahontas's Two Rescues and Her Fluid Loyalty
    言語・地域文化研究 第 ₂6 号 2020 103 Pocahontas’s Two Rescues and Her Fluid Loyalty Hiroyuki Tsukada ポカホンタスの二つの助命と忠誠心の揺らぎ 塚田 浩幸 要 旨 ポカホンタスは、二度、ジョン・スミスの命を救った。一度目は有名な助命で、1607 年 12 月、インディアンの首長パウハタンによる処刑の寸前に、ポカホンタスが捕虜スミ スに自分の体をなげうって助命をした。これは、スミスの死と生まれ変わりを象徴的に 意味し、入植者をインディアンの世界に迎え入れる儀式で、ポカホンタスはスミスを救 うというあらかじめ決められた役割を担った。この一度目の助命の真偽については長ら く論争が行なわれてきたが、スミスが 1608 年 6 月の報告書簡でポカホンタスを「比類な き人物」と高く評価できたという事実は、助命が実際に起きたことを示している。その 6 月の時点で、スミスは助命の他に、取引や物資の提供と人質解放交渉の場面でポカホ ンタスと会う機会を持っていたが、それらの場面においては、スミスが「比類なき人物」 と評価することができるほどの行動をポカホンタスがとっていなかったからである。そ して、スミスがその報告書簡でポカホンタスを紹介したのは、入植事業の宣伝のために インディアンとの平和友好をアピールするねらいがあった。つまり、スミスに批判的な 研究者が主張するように、スミスがポカホンタスの人気にあやかって自分の名声をあげ るために助命を捏造したのではなく、助命に感銘を受けたスミスがポカホンタスの人気 を作り上げたといえるのである。 パウハタンは、一度目の助命でポカホンタスをインディアンと入植者の平和友好のシ ンボルとして仕立て上げ、その後の平和的な外交の場面にもポカホンタスを同行させて いた。しかしながら、二度目の助命は、パウハタンの外交方針に逆らって、ポカホンタ ス自身の意思によって行なわれた。1609 年 1 月、インディアンと入植者の関係が悪化す るなか、パウハタンがスミスを本当に襲おうとしているところをポカホンタスがスミス に密告して救った。この二つの助命のあいだの期間、ポカホンタスは入植者と頻繁に会 うなかで理解を深め、パウハタン連合のインディアンとしての忠誠心に揺らぎを生じさ せていたのである。つまり、ポカホンタスは、単なるパウハタンの遣いとしての平和友 好のシンボルであることをやめ、自らを平和友好の使者として確立させるに至ったので ある。 本稿の著作権は著者が保持し、クリエイティブ・コモンズ表示 4.0 国際ライセンス（CC-BY）下に提供します。 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ja 104 論文 ポカホンタスの二つの助命と忠誠心の揺らぎ （塚田 浩幸） Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. A special relationship between Pocahontas and John Smith 3. Refutation of all existing theories 4. Demonstration of the veracity of the rescue 5. Conclusion 1. Introduction Pocahontas saved John Smith twice. The frst instance came in December 1607, when she symbolically ofered her own head to save Smith’s
    [Show full text]
  • MAAC 2012 Preliminary Program Virginia Beach, VA March 23-25 8
    MAAC 2012 Preliminary Program March 23-25 Virginia Beach, VA Friday Morning, March 23 Track A Session 1: Archaeology of the 20th Century: Addressing the Recent Past Organized by Richard L. Geurcin (USDA Forest Service) 8:30 AM 8:50 AM Towards an Understanding of the 20th Century Guercin, Richard J. (USDA Forest Service) 8:50 AM 9:10 AM Finding the 20th Century Inside the 18th: Archaeology at Ogborne, Jennifer (College of William and the Menokin Site Mary/DATA Investigations, LLC) 9:10 AM 9:30 AM Deterioration and Rehabilitation of the Infrastructure on O Palus, Matthew (The Ottery Group) and P Streets in the Georgetown Neighborhood of Washington, D.C. 9:30 AM 9:50 AM The Missing Pieces of the 20th Century: Excavations at the Moore, Elizabeth A. (Virginia Museum of Natural Gravely House History) 9:50 AM 10:05 AM Break 10:05 AM 10:25 AM An Early Twentieth Century Ceramic Assemblage from a Garrow, Patrick H. (Cultural Resource Analysts, Burned House in Northern Georgia Inc.) 10:25 AM 10:45 AM From Timber to Town to Timber Again: The Story of the Barile , Kerri S. (Dovetail Cultural Resource Kress Box Factory in Brunswick, Virginia Group) and Kerry S. González (Dovetail Cultural Resource Group) 10:45 AM 11:05 AM A steppingstone of civilization”: The Hojack Swing Bridge Somerville, Kyle (University at Buffalo) and and Structures of Power in Monroe County, Western New Christopher Barton (Temple University) York State 11:05 AM 11:25 AM In Harm’s Way: The Hazard’s of Archaeological Field Madden, Michael (USDA Forest Service) Work Involving 20th Century Military Sites 11:25 AM 11:45 AM Saving the Present for the Future’s Past: Documenting Orr, David G.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Appalachia
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Appalachian Studies Arts and Humanities 2-28-2001 A History of Appalachia Richard B. Drake Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Thanks to the University of Kentucky Libraries and the University Press of Kentucky, this book is freely available to current faculty, students, and staff at the University of Kentucky. Find other University of Kentucky Books at uknowledge.uky.edu/upk. For more information, please contact UKnowledge at [email protected]. Recommended Citation Drake, Richard B., "A History of Appalachia" (2001). Appalachian Studies. 23. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_appalachian_studies/23 R IC H ARD B . D RA K E A History of Appalachia A of History Appalachia RICHARD B. DRAKE THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF KENTUCKY Publication of this volume was made possible in part by grants from the E.O. Robinson Mountain Fund and the National Endowment for the Humanities. Copyright © 2001 by The University Press of Kentucky Paperback edition 2003 Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth, serving Bellarmine University, Berea College, Centre College of Kenhlcky Eastern Kentucky University, The Filson Historical Society, Georgetown College, Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University, Morehead State University, Murray State University, Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University, University of Kentucky, University of Louisville, and Western Kentucky University. All rights reserved. Editorial and Sales Offices: The University Press of Kentucky 663 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40508-4008 www.kentuckypress.com 12 11 10 09 08 8 7 6 5 4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Drake, Richard B., 1925- A history of Appalachia / Richard B.
    [Show full text]
  • Colonoware and Culture: the Changing Interpretation of 17Th Century Ceramic Traditions in the South Eastern United States: An
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Nebraska Anthropologist Anthropology, Department of 2013 Colonoware and Culture: The hC anging Interpretation of 17th Century Ceramic Traditions in the South Eastern United States: An Overview of Current Thought and History Michael Chodoronek University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nebanthro Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Chodoronek, Michael, "Colonoware and Culture: The hC anging Interpretation of 17th Century Ceramic Traditions in the South Eastern United States: An Overview of Current Thought and History" (2013). Nebraska Anthropologist. 183. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nebanthro/183 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Anthropology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Nebraska Anthropologist by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Colonoware and Culture: The Changing Interpretation of 17th Century Ceramic Traditions in the South Eastern United States: An Overview of Current Thought and History Michael Chodoronek Abstract: Colonoware is a low fired pottery tradition concentrated in the southeastern United States. It has been associated with native populations, enslaved populations and low- income populations in the American colonies ofthe seventeenth through to the nineteenth century. This paper is concerned with the history, development and current conceptions of colonoware in the southeastern United States, namely Virginia and South Carolina coastal regions. This paper will look at the possible future use ofcolonoware as diagnostic material culture beyond its current state. Introduction The study of colonoware has, in the past, often been over looked in its importance.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relations of the Cherokee Indians with the English in America Prior to 1763
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 12-1923 The Relations of the Cherokee Indians with the English in America Prior to 1763 David P. Buchanan University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Political History Commons, Social History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Buchanan, David P., "The Relations of the Cherokee Indians with the English in America Prior to 1763. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1923. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/98 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by David P. Buchanan entitled "The Relations of the Cherokee Indians with the English in America Prior to 1763." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in . , Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: ARRAY(0x7f7024cfef58) Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) THE RELATIONS OF THE CHEROKEE Il.J'DIAUS WITH THE ENGLISH IN AMERICA PRIOR TO 1763.
    [Show full text]
  • Descendants of Smallpox Conjurer of Tellico
    Descendants of Smallpox Conjurer of Tellico Generation 1 1. SMALLPOX CONJURER OF1 TELLICO . He died date Unknown. He married (1) AGANUNITSI MOYTOY. She was born about 1681. She died about 1758 in Cherokee, North Carolina, USA. He married (2) APRIL TKIKAMI HOP TURKEY. She was born in 1690 in Chota, City of Refuge, Cherokee Nation, Tennessee, USA. She died in 1744 in Upper Hiwasssee, Tennessee, USA. Smallpox Conjurer of Tellico and Aganunitsi Moytoy had the following children: 2. i. OSTENACO "OUTACITE" "USTANAKWA" "USTENAKA" "BIG HEAD" "MANKILLER OF KEOWEE" "SKIAGUSTA" "MANKILLER" "UTSIDIHI" "JUDD'S FRIEND was born in 1703. He died in 1780. 3. ii. KITEGISTA SKALIOSKEN was born about 1708 in Cherokee Nation East, Chota, Tennessee, USA. He died on 30 Sep 1792 in Buchanan's Station, Tennessee, Cherokee Nation East. He married (1) ANAWAILKA. She was born in Cherokee Nation East, Tennessee, USA. He married (2) USTEENOKOBAGAN. She was born about 1720 in Cherokee Nation East, Chota, Tennessee, USA. She died date Unknown. Notes for April Tkikami Hop Turkey: When April "Tikami" Hop was 3 years old her parents were murdered by Catawaba Raiders, and her and her 4 siblings were left there to die, because no one, would take them in. Pigeon Moytoy her aunt's husband, heard about this and went to Hiawassee and brought the children home to raise in the Cherokee Nation ( he was the Emperor of the Cherokee Nation, and also related to Cornstalk through his mother and his wife ). Visit WWW. My Carpenter Genealogy Smallpox Conjurer of Tellico and April Tkikami Hop Turkey had the following child: 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Lawrence J. Fleenor, Jr. Copyright and All Rights Reserved March 2019
    PRESENTATION #1 OF A THREE PART SERIES ON THE ETHNIC SETTLEMENT OF SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA By: Lawrence J. Fleenor, Jr. Copyright and All Rights Reserved March 2019 Introduction to the Series In the Spring of 2019 I was asked to write and dictate a three part series on the three dominant ethnic settlement patterns of Southwest Virginia. They were presented in roughly 45 minute segments, and broadcast so as to be received on cell phones by participants who were in their cars travelling to attend a conference on economic development that was to occur at U. Va - Wise. Most will be driving down the Great Valley of Virginia on I-81, similarly to what our ancestors did. They can think about these historic events as they drive past the places connected with them. The process of ‘writing’ consisted primarily of pulling together material I had been composing and publishing for years. It occurred to me that the current compilation would be of general interest. Therefore, some of the earlier essays will be removed from my web site, and this more globally focused one substituted so that it can be read by the general public. First of all let me say that I am well aware that there were people here before the settlers from the Old World arrived. We all honor our Indian heritage, which is too multifaceted to be included here. I also acknowledge our Black heritage. I appreciate that 40% of the folks who travelled down the Wilderness Road, which is roughly I-81, were Black. For those people interested in Black history I recommend Alex Haley’s Roots, which I cannot equal.
    [Show full text]
  • Defining the Greater York River Indigenous Cultural Landscape
    Defining the Greater York River Indigenous Cultural Landscape Prepared by: Scott M. Strickland Julia A. King Martha McCartney with contributions from: The Pamunkey Indian Tribe The Upper Mattaponi Indian Tribe The Mattaponi Indian Tribe Prepared for: The National Park Service Chesapeake Bay & Colonial National Historical Park The Chesapeake Conservancy Annapolis, Maryland The Pamunkey Indian Tribe Pamunkey Reservation, King William, Virginia The Upper Mattaponi Indian Tribe Adamstown, King William, Virginia The Mattaponi Indian Tribe Mattaponi Reservation, King William, Virginia St. Mary’s College of Maryland St. Mary’s City, Maryland October 2019 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As part of its management of the Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail, the National Park Service (NPS) commissioned this project in an effort to identify and represent the York River Indigenous Cultural Landscape. The work was undertaken by St. Mary’s College of Maryland in close coordination with NPS. The Indigenous Cultural Landscape (ICL) concept represents “the context of the American Indian peoples in the Chesapeake Bay and their interaction with the landscape.” Identifying ICLs is important for raising public awareness about the many tribal communities that have lived in the Chesapeake Bay region for thousands of years and continue to live in their ancestral homeland. ICLs are important for land conservation, public access to, and preservation of the Chesapeake Bay. The three tribes, including the state- and Federally-recognized Pamunkey and Upper Mattaponi tribes and the state-recognized Mattaponi tribe, who are today centered in their ancestral homeland in the Pamunkey and Mattaponi river watersheds, were engaged as part of this project. The Pamunkey and Upper Mattaponi tribes participated in meetings and driving tours.
    [Show full text]
  • The Smithfield Review Volume VIII, 2004 Index
    INDEX TO VOLUME VIII Index to VolumeVIII Abb's Valley, Virginia .......................................................................................... 61 Abingdon, Virginia ....................................................................................... 10, 13 Acoste (province) ............................................................................................... 87 Ajacan (aboriginal land) .................................................................................... 96 Alexander (Allicksander), John D., Capt .......................................................... 19 Alger, Horatio ..................................................................................................... 41 Amos,? ............................................................................................................... 23 Anderson, Eldred, Rev ............................................................................ 11, 13, 22 Archeological investigations at Saltville ........................................................ 77-8 Army of Tennessee ............................................................................................. 18 Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) .......... 31, 36- 7 Atlanta, Georgia ................................................................................................. 26 BaltimoreSun .....................................................................................................42. Bandera, notary .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Marcoux, Jon Bernard
    CHEROKEE HOUSEHOLDS AND COMMUNITIES IN THE ENGLISH CONTACT PERIOD, A.D. 1670-1740 Jon Bernard Marcoux A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Anthropology. Chapel Hill 2008 Approved by: Chair: Vincas Steponaitis Advisor: Brett Riggs Reader: Brian Billman Reader: C. Margaret Scarry Reader: John Scarry ©2008 Jon Bernard Marcoux ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT JON BERNARD MARCOUX: Cherokee Households and Communities in the English Contact Period, A.D. 1670-1740 (Under the direction of Vincas P. Steponaitis and Brett Riggs) This study focuses on issues of culture contact and the materialization of identity through an archaeological case study of a late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century Cherokee community located in eastern Tennessee. The English Contact period (ca. A.D. 1670-1740) was an extremely turbulent time for southeastern Indian groups marked by disease, warfare, and population movements. I examine how this chaotic period played out in the daily lives of Cherokee households. I use primary and secondary sources to develop an historical context for the English Contact period in the southeastern United States. I introduce a reliable way to identify English Contact period Cherokee occupations using pottery and glass trade bead data. I also consult artifact data in order to identify patterns associated with change and stability in the activities of daily life within Cherokee households. I find that daily life in Cherokee households changed dramatically as they coped with the shifting social, political, and economic currents of the English Contact period.
    [Show full text]